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Trigonochlamydoidea
Trigonochlamydidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial gastropod molluscs in the clade Eupulmonata (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Distribution The native distribution of Trigonochlamydidae includes Caucasus, ** ''Boreolestes sylvestris'' Kijashko in Schileyko & Kijashko, 1999 * ''Drilolestes'' Lindholm, 1925 - with only one species '' Drilolestes retowskii'' (O. Boettger, 1884) * ''Hyrcanolestes'' Simroth, 1901 - with only one species ''Hyrcanolestes velitaris'' (Martens, 1880) * ''Khostalestes'' Suvorov, 2003Suvorov A. N. (2003). "A new species and genus of carnivorous slugs (Pulmonata Trigonochlamydidae) from West Transcaucasia". ''Ruthenica'' 13: 149-152abstract - with only one species '' Khostalestes kochetkovi'' Suvorov, 2003 * ''Lesticulus'' Schileyko, 1988 - with only one species '' Lesticulus nocturnus'' Schileyko, 1988 * ''Trigonochlamys'' O. Boettger, 1881 - type genus of the family Trigonochlamydidae, with on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eupulmonata
Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing snails. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions. Linnean taxonomy *Suborder Eupulmonata Haszprunar & Huber, 1990 **Infraorder Acteophila Dall, 1885 (= formerly Archaeopulmonata) ***Superfamily Melampoidea Stimpson, 1851 **Infraorder Trimusculiformes Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975 ***Superfamily Trimusculoidea Zilch, 1959 **Infraorder Stylommatophora A. Schmidt, 1856 (land snails) ***Subinfraorder Orthurethra ****Superfamily Achatinelloidea Gulick, 1873 ****Superfamily Cochlicopoidea Pilsbry, 1900 ****Superfamily Partuloidea Pilsbry, 1900 ****Superfamily Pupilloidea Turton, 1831 ***Subinfraorder Sigmurethra ****Superfamily Acavoidea Pilsbry, 1895 ****Superfamily Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840 ****Superfamily Aillyoidea Baker, 1960 ****Superfamily Arionoidea J.E. Gray in Turnton, 1840 ****Superfamily Buliminoidea Cle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limacoid Clade
The Limacoidei is a taxonomic infraorder of air-breathing land snails, semislugs and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the suborder Helicina Distribution The original ancestral area of limacoid families is thought to be the Palearctic region and south-eastern Asia. Etymology The word "limacoid" means "resembling a slug". Typography of the name In 1998, for the same taxon, Hausdorf used the name Limacoidea sensu lato. The name of this taxon, the limacoid clade, was written by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) with quotation marks like this: "limacoid clade". Other typographical variants are used by various other authors, for example capitalizing and restricting the use of the quote marks thus: "Limacoid" clade and "Limacoid clade". 2003 taxonomy by Schileyko The study of A. Schileyko in this group, published in parts 8–11 of his monograph between 2002 and 2003, did not discuss the system that Hausdorf had proposed. However, Schileyko refers to the work of Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stylommatophora
Stylommatophora is an orderPhilippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families'. Malacologia, 61(1-2): 1-526. of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This taxon includes most land snails and slugs. The two strong synapomorphies of Stylommatophora are a long pedal gland placed beneath a membrane and two pairs of retractile tentacles (Dayrat & Tillier). Several families in this group contain species of snails and slugs that create love darts. Stylommatophora are known from the Cretaceous period up to the present day. Pek I., Vašíček Z., Roček Z., Hajn. V. & Mikuláš R. (1996). ''Základy zoopaleontologie''. Olomouc, 264 pp., . 2005 taxonomy According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) based on ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holocene
The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 cal years Before Present (), after the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene together form the Quaternary period. The Holocene has been identified with the current warm period, known as MIS 1. It is considered by some to be an interglacial period within the Pleistocene Epoch, called the Flandrian interglacial.Oxford University Press – Why Geography Matters: More Than Ever (book) – "Holocene Humanity" section https://books.google.com/books?id=7P0_sWIcBNsC The Holocene corresponds with the rapid proliferation, growth and impacts of the human species worldwide, including all of its written history, technological revolutions, development of major civilizations, and overall significant transition towards urban living in the present. The human impact on modern-era Earth and its ecosystems may be considered of global si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxonomy Of The Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised in 2005 by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is a system for the scientific classification of gastropod mollusks. (Gastropods are a taxonomic class of animals which consists of snails and slugs of every kind, from the land, from freshwater, and from saltwater.) The paper setting out this taxonomy was published in the journal ''Malacologia''. The system encompasses both living and extinct groups, as well as some fossils whose classification as gastropods is uncertain. The Bouchet & Rocroi system was the first complete gastropod taxonomy that primarily employed the concept of clades, and was derived from research on molecular phylogenetics; in this context a clade is a "natural grouping" of organisms based upon a statistical cluster analysis. In contrast, most of the previous overall taxonomic schemes for gastropods relied on morphological features to classify these animals, and used taxon ranks such as order, superorder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caucasus
The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically been considered as a natural barrier between Eastern Europe and Western Asia. Mount Elbrus in Russia, Europe's highest mountain, is situated in the Western Caucasus. On the southern side, the Lesser Caucasus includes the Javakheti Plateau and the Armenian highlands, part of which is in Turkey. The Caucasus is divided into the North Caucasus and South Caucasus, although the Western Caucasus also exists as a distinct geographic space within the North Caucasus. The Greater Caucasus mountain range in the north is mostly shared by Russia and Georgia as well as the northernmost parts of Azerbaijan. The Lesser Caucasus mountain range in the south is occupied by several independent states, mostly by Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, but also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AnimalBase
AnimalBase is a project brought to life in 2004 and is maintained by the University of Göttingen, Germany. The goal of the AnimalBase project is to digitize early zoological literature, provide copyright-free open access to zoological works, and provide manually verified lists of names of zoological genera and species as a free resource for the public. AnimalBase contributed to opening up the classical taxonomic literature, which is considered as useful because access to early literature (especially for the late 18th century) can be difficult for researchers who need the old sources for their taxonomic research. AnimalBase data are public domain. The public use of AnimalBase data is not restricted or conditioned.AnimalBase Project Group, 2005-2010. AnimalBase. Early zoological literature online. World wide web electronic publication http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de accessed 30 July 2010. AnimalBase covers all zoological disciplines. In the field of biodiversity informatics A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Non-marine Molluscs Of Iran
The non-marine molluscs of Iran are a part of the molluscan fauna of Iran, which is part of the (wildlife of Iran). Freshwater gastropods 27 freshwater gastropod species (37% of freshwater gastropod species in Iran) are endemic to Iran. Species of freshwater gastropods of Iran include: Neritidae * '' Neritina mesopotamica'' Martens 1879 - the first report in Iran was in 2001Mansoorian A. (2001). "Freshwater Gastropod of Khuzestan Province, South-West Iran". ''Iranian Int. J. Sci.'' 2(2): 9 ppPDF * '' Neritina cinctellus'' (Martens, 1874) * '' Neritina euphratica'' Mousson, 1874 * ''Theodoxus jordani'' (Sowerby I, 1836) * '' Theodoxus major'' Issel, 1865 - mentioned by Glöer & Pešić (2012) as '' Theodoxus lituratus'' (Eichwald, 1838) * ''Theodoxus pallidus'' Dunker, 1861 Viviparidae * ''Bellamya bengalensis'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Bellamya hilmandensis'' (Kobelt, 1909) Melanopsidae * '' Melanopsis costata'' (Olivier, 1804) * ''Melanopsis doriae'' Issel, 1865 * ''Melanopsis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Non-marine Molluscs Of Turkey
The non-marine molluscs of the country of Turkey are a part of the molluscan fauna of Turkey. The biodiversity of non-marine molluscs of Turkey is richer than in surrounding European states.Şereflişan H., Yildirim M. Z. & Şereflişan M. (2009). "The gastropod fauna and their abundance, and some physicochemical parameters of Gölbaşı lake, Adıyaman, Lake Gölbaşı (Hatay, Turkey)". ''Turkish Journal of Zoology'' 33(3): 287-296abstractPDF There are at least 825 species of non-marine Mollusca, molluscs living in the wild in Turkey. An approximate guess to the total number, however, is of about 1030 non-marine molluscs in Turkey (see the table below). There are a total of 825 species of Gastropoda, gastropods, which breaks down to 95 (counted 80 "Prosobranchia" only and at least 15 other freshwater snails from this list) taxa of freshwater gastropods (including brackish water species),Yildirim M. Z., Koca S. B. & Kebapçi U. (2006). "Supplement to the Prosobranchia (Mollusca: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, and land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian. , 721 families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently extant with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. The anatomy, behavior, feeding, and re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoological names with "-inae". See also * International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants * International Code of Zoological Nomenclature * Rank (botany) * Rank (zoology) In biological classification, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in an ancestral or hereditary hierarchy. A common system consists of species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain. While ... Sources {{biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
