Trigonochlamydidae is a

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

of air-breathing land

slug Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word ''slug'' is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a smal ...

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...

s in the clade

Eupulmonata Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing snails. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions. Linnean taxonomy *Suborder Eupulmonat ...

(according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

Distribution

The native distribution of Trigonochlamydidae includes

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically ...

,"Family summary for Trigonochlamydidae".

AnimalBase AnimalBase is a project brought to life in 2004 and is maintained by the University of Göttingen, Germany. The goal of the AnimalBase project is to digitize early zoological literature, provide copyright-free open access to zoological works, and pr ...

, last modified 26 August 2005, accessed 1 September 2010.

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

and

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

Taxonomy

Previously, Trigonochlamydidae was placed in the superfamily Trigonochlamydoidea Hesse, 1882, in the subinfraorder

Sigmurethra Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This is an informal group which includes most land snails and slugs. The two strong synapomorphies of Sigmurethra are a ...

. This was the only family within that superfamily. The family Trigonochlamydidae is now classified within the

limacoid clade The Limacoidei is a taxonomic infraorder of air-breathing land snails, semislugs and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the suborder Helicina Distribution The original ancestral area of limacoid families is thought to be the ...

, which itself belongs to the

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

Stylommatophora Stylommatophora is an orderPhilippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification ...

, within the clade

(according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). The following two

subfamilies In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005): * subfamily Trigonochlamydinae Hesse, 1882 - synonyms: Selenochlamydinae I. M. Likharev & Wiktor, 1980 * subfamily

Parmacellillinae ''Parmacellilla filipowitschi'' is a species of predatory air-breathing land slug. It is a shell-less pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Trigonochlamydidae. ''Parmacellilla filipowitschi'' is the only species in the genus ''Parmacellilla ...

Hesse, 1926

Genera

There are nine genera in the family Trigonochlamydidae with a total of 11 species: Subfamily Trigonochlamydinae * ''

Boreolestes ''Boreolestes'' is a genus of predatory air-breathing land slugs, shell-less pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Trigonochlamydidae Trigonochlamydidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial gastropod molluscs in the clad ...

'' Schileyko & Kijashko, 1999 ** ''

Boreolestes likharevi ''Boreolestes likharevi'' is a species of predatory air-breathing land slug, a shell-less pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Trigonochlamydidae. ''Boreolestes likharevi'' is the type species of the genus ''Boreolestes''.Kantor Yu I., Vin ...

'' Schileyko & Kijashko, 1999 - type speciesKantor Yu I., Vinarski M. V., Schileyko A. A. & Sysoev A. V.(published online on December 22, 2009). "Catalogue of the continental mollusks of Russia and adjacent territories"
Version 2.3.
/ref> ** ''

Boreolestes sylvestris ''Boreolestes sylvestris'' is a species of predatory air-breathing land slug, a shell-less pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Trigonochlamydidae. Distribution The type locality for ''Boreolestes sylvestris'' is 6 km from Ghooserip ...

'' Kijashko in Schileyko & Kijashko, 1999 * ''Drilolestes'' Lindholm, 1925 - with only one species '' Drilolestes retowskii'' (O. Boettger, 1884) * ''Hyrcanolestes'' Simroth, 1901 - with only one species ''

Hyrcanolestes velitaris ''Hyrcanolestes'' is a monotypic genus containing the single species ''Hyrcanolestes velitaris'', a predatory air-breathing land slug. It is a shell-less pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Trigonochlamydidae.Kantor Yu I., Vinarski M. ...

'' (Martens, 1880) * ''Khostalestes'' Suvorov, 2003Suvorov A. N. (2003). "A new species and genus of carnivorous slugs (Pulmonata Trigonochlamydidae) from West Transcaucasia". ''Ruthenica'' 13: 149-152
abstract
- with only one species '' Khostalestes kochetkovi'' Suvorov, 2003 * ''Lesticulus'' Schileyko, 1988 - with only one species '' Lesticulus nocturnus'' Schileyko, 1988 * ''Trigonochlamys'' O. Boettger, 1881 - type genus of the family Trigonochlamydidae, with only one species ''

Trigonochlamys imitatrix ''Trigonochlamys imitatrix'' is a species of predatory air-breathing land slug. It is a shell-less pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Trigonochlamydidae. ''Trigonochlamys imitatrix'' is the only species in the genus ''Trigonochlamys' ...

'' O. Boettger, 1881 * ''Troglolestes'' Ljovushkin & Matiokin, 1965 - with only one species '' Troglolestes sokolovi'' Liovushkin & Matiokin, 1965 * ''

Selenochlamys ''Selenochlamys'' is a genus of predatory air-breathing land slugs, shell-less pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Trigonochlamydidae. Species Species within the genus ''Selenochlamys'' include: * '' Selenochlamys pallida'' Boettger, 1883 ...

'' O. Boettger, 1883 ** '' Selenochlamys pallida'' Boettger, 1883 - type species ** ''

Selenochlamys ysbryda ''Selenochlamys ysbryda'', the ghost slug, is a species of predatory air-breathing land slug. It is a shell-less pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Trigonochlamydidae. The species was first recognised from various sites in Wales and was ...

'' Rowson & Symondson, 2008 Subfamily Parmacellillinae * ''Parmacellilla'' Simroth, 1910 - type genus of the subfamily Parmacellillinae, with only one species '' Parmacellilla filipowitschi'' Simroth, 1910 Synonym: * ''Pseudomilax'' O. Boettger, 1881 is a synonym for various genera in Trigonochlamydidae.

Cladogram

The following

cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to d ...

shows the

phylogenic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

relationships of this family with the other families in the

:Hausdorf B. (March 2000). "Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal". ''

Journal of Biogeography The ''Journal of Biogeography'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in biogeography that was established in 1974. It covers aspects of spatial, ecological, and historical biogeography. The founding editor-in-chief was David Watts, followed by J ...

'' 27(2): 379-390.
JSTOR

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1568123