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Papel Languages
The Papel languages of southern Senegal, Gambia, and northwestern Guinea-Bissau are: * Mankanya * Mandjak * Papel They are an uncontroversial cluster of the Bak languages and form a dialect continuum A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of Variety (linguistics), language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are Mutual intelligibility, mutually intelligible, but the differences accumulat .... All of these names are exonyms.Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. ''Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification''. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Classification Doneux (1975) classifies the Manjaku (Papel) languages as follows.Doneux, Jean Léonce. 1975. ''Lexique manjaku''. (Les Langues Africaines au Sénégal, 63.) Dakar: Centre de Linguistique Appliquée de Dakar. *Manjaku ** Mankañ ***''Hula'' ***''Woo'' **''Cur'' **Central ***Bok ****''Lund'' ****''Bok'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Gambia
The Gambia,, ff, Gammbi, ar, غامبيا officially the Republic of The Gambia, is a country in West Africa. It is the smallest country within mainland AfricaHoare, Ben. (2002) ''The Kingfisher A-Z Encyclopedia'', Kingfisher Publications. p. 11. . and is surrounded by Senegal, except for its western coast on the Atlantic Ocean. The Gambia is situated on both sides of the lower reaches of the Gambia River, the nation's namesake, which flows through the centre of the Gambia and empties into the Atlantic Ocean, thus the long shape of the country. It has an area of with a population of 1,857,181 as of the April 2013 census. Banjul is the Gambian capital and the country's largest metropolitan area, while the largest cities are Serekunda and Brikama. The Portugal, Portuguese in 1455 entered the Gambian region, the first Europeans to do so, but never established important trade there. In 1765, the Gambia was made a part of the British Empire by establishment of the Gambia Col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senegal
Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 (Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') officially the Republic of Senegal,; Wolof: ''Réewum Senegaal''; Pulaar : 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 (Renndaandi Senegaali); Arabic: جمهورية السنغال ''Jumhuriat As-Sinighal'') is a country in West Africa, on the Atlantic Ocean coastline. Senegal is bordered by Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, Guinea to the southeast and Guinea-Bissau to the southwest. Senegal nearly surrounds the Gambia, a country occupying a narrow sliver of land along the banks of the Gambia River, which separates Senegal's southern region of Casamance from the rest of the country. Senegal also shares a maritime border with Cape Verde. Senegal's economic and political capital is Dakar. Senegal is notably the westernmost country in the mainland of the Old World, or Afro-Eurasia. It owes its name to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casamance
, settlement_type = Geographical region , image_skyline = Senegal Casamance.png , image_caption = Casamance in Senegal , image_flag = Flag of Casamance.svg , image_shield = , motto = , nickname = , etymology = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Senegal , subdivision_type1 = , subdivision_name1 = , subdivision_type2 = , subdivision_name2 = , subdivision_type3 = , subdivision_name3 = , subdivision_type4 = , subdivision_name4 = , parts_type = Parts , parts_style = para , p1 = Kolda Region, Sédhiou Region and Ziguinchor Region , image_map = , map_caption = , pushpin_map = , pushpin_relief = , pushpin_map_caption = , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea-Bissau ( ; pt, Guiné-Bissau; ff, italic=no, 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮, Gine-Bisaawo, script=Adlm; Mandinka: ''Gine-Bisawo''), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau ( pt, República da Guiné-Bissau, links=no ), is a country in West Africa that covers with an estimated population of 1,726,000. It borders Senegal to the north and Guinea to the south-east. Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Kaabu, as well as part of the Mali Empire. Parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century, while a few others were under some rule by the Portuguese Empire since the 16th century. In the 19th century, it was colonised as Portuguese Guinea. Portuguese control was restricted and weak until the early 20th century with the pacification campaigns, these campaigns solidified Portuguese sovereignty in the area. The final Portuguese victory over the remaining bastion of mainland resistance, the Papel ruled Kingdom of Bissau in 1915 by the Portu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atlantic–Congo Languages
The Atlantic–Congo languages are the largest demonstrated family of languages in Africa. They have characteristic noun class systems and form the core of the Niger–Congo family hypothesis. They comprise all of Niger–Congo apart from Mande, Dogon, Ijoid, Siamou, Kru, the Katla and Rashad languages (previously classified as Kordofanian), and perhaps some or all of the Ubangian languages. Mukarovsky's West-Nigritic corresponded roughly to modern Atlantic–Congo. In the infobox, the languages which appear to be the most divergent are placed at the top.Roger BlenchNiger-Congo: an alternative view/ref> The Atlantic branch is defined in the narrow sense, while the former Atlantic branches Mel and the isolates Sua, Gola and Limba, are split out as primary branches; they are mentioned next to each other because there is no published evidence to move them; Volta–Congo is intact apart from Senufo and Kru. In addition, Güldemann (2018) lists Nalu and Rio Nunez as unclassi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bak Languages
The Bak languages are a group of typologically Atlantic languages of Senegal and Guinea-Bissau linked in 2010 to the erstwhile Atlantic isolate Bijago. Bak languages are non- tonal. Name David Dalby coined the term ''Bak'' from the ''bVk''- prefix found in the personal plural forms of demonstratives in the Bak languages. The -''k''- is not found in other Atlantic languages The West Atlantic languages (also the Atlantic languages"West Atlantic" is the traditional term, following Diedrich Hermann Westermann; "Atlantic" is more typical in recent work, particularly since Bendor-Samuel (1989), but is also used specifi ....Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. ''Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification''. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Languages Classification of Bijago Bijago is highly divergent. Sapir (1971) classified it as an isolate within West Atlantic. However, Segerer (2010) showed that this is pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mankanya Language
The Mankanya language ( pt, Mancanha; french: Mancagne) is spoken by approximately 70,000 people in Guinea-Bissau, Senegal and Gambia primarily belonging to the ethnic group of the same name. It belongs to the Bak branch of the Niger–Congo language family. Mancanha is spoken east of the Manjak language area and to the north of Bissau Island. It is also called ''Brame''.Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. ''Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification''. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Sociolinguistic situation The language has status as a national language in Senegal, and an orthography has recently been developed for writing it. Mankanya is known as "Uhula" by the people themselves (the Mankanya people, or "Bahula"). The name 'Mankanya' is thought to have been conferred upon the people and their language by colonialists who mistook the name of their chief at the time of colonisation for the name of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandjak Language
Manjak or Manjack (french: Mandjak, ; pt, Manjaco) or Njak is a Bak language of Guinea-Bissau and Senegal. The language is also known as Kanyop. In 2006, the total number of speakers was estimated at 315,300, including 184,000 in Guinea-Bissau, 105,000 in Senegal and 26,300 in The Gambia. Dialects The Manjak dialects below are distinct enough that some might be considered separate languages. *Bok (Babok, Sarar, Teixeira Pinto, Tsaam) *Likes-Utsia (Baraa, Kalkus) *Cur (Churo) *Lund *Yu (Pecixe, Siis, Pulhilh) *Unhate (Binhante, Bissau) The Manjak dialects listed by Wilson (2007) areWilson, William André Auquier. 2007. ''Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification''. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. * Canchungo (''kancuŋuʔ'') – central dialect *Baboque (''babɔk'') (formerly Teixeira Pinto) – eastern dialect *Churo (') – northern dialect *Pecixe Pecixe is an island in Guinea-Bissau. It is a coastal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papel Language
Papel (Pepel, Papei), or ''Oium'' (''Moium''), is a Bak language of Guinea-Bissau. Papel is the language spoken by the Papel people, who live in the central coastal regions of Guinea-Bissau, namely the Biombo Region where it is spoken by 136,000 Bissau-Guineans. Papel speakers are estimated to be around 140,000 in total globally. Papel has 79,000 speakers living on Bissau Island (called ''(b)uhlawʔ'' or ''(b)usawʔ'' in Papel). Dialects include Biombo (Papel: ''uyomʔ'') in the southwest and Safim Safim is a city and sector in the Biombo Region of Guinea-Bissau. It has a population of 17,356 inhabitants as of the 2009 national census. The sector's land area covers 174.8 km². Safim is part of the Metropolitan Region of Bissau, a conurbat ... (Papel: ''safli'') in the northeast.Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. ''Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification''. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Classificat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dialect Continuum
A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of Variety (linguistics), language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are Mutual intelligibility, mutually intelligible, but the differences accumulate over distance so that widely separated varieties may not be. This is a typical occurrence with widely spread languages and language families around the world, when these languages did not spread recently. Some prominent examples include the Indo-Aryan languages across large parts of India, varieties of Arabic across north Africa and southwest Asia, the Turkic languages, the Varieties of Chinese, Chinese languages or dialects, and subgroups of the Romance languages, Romance, Germanic languages, Germanic and Slavic languages, Slavic families in Europe. Leonard Bloomfield used the name dialect area. Charles F. Hockett used the term L-complex. Dialect continua typically occur in long-settled agrarian populations, as innovations spread from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papel Languages
The Papel languages of southern Senegal, Gambia, and northwestern Guinea-Bissau are: * Mankanya * Mandjak * Papel They are an uncontroversial cluster of the Bak languages and form a dialect continuum A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of Variety (linguistics), language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are Mutual intelligibility, mutually intelligible, but the differences accumulat .... All of these names are exonyms.Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. ''Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification''. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Classification Doneux (1975) classifies the Manjaku (Papel) languages as follows.Doneux, Jean Léonce. 1975. ''Lexique manjaku''. (Les Langues Africaines au Sénégal, 63.) Dakar: Centre de Linguistique Appliquée de Dakar. *Manjaku ** Mankañ ***''Hula'' ***''Woo'' **''Cur'' **Central ***Bok ****''Lund'' ****''Bok'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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