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Iyuku
''Iyuku'' (meaning "hatchling", pronounced "eye-yoo-koo") is a genus of iguanodontian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation of South Africa. The type species is ''Iyuku raathi''. Discovery and naming ''Iykuku'' is known from a bonebed mostly containing remains of at least 27 (inferred from non-overlapping parts of left Femur, femora) juvenile and hatchling individuals, an occurrence never before reported. These bonebeds were excavated during three expeditions between 1995 and 1999. The remains were known as the "Kirkwood taxon" since at least 2012, until the remains were determined to represent a new genus and species in 2022, named ''Iyuku raathi''. The holotype specimen, AM 6067, consists of an incomplete, semi-articulated skeleton including a partial skull, vertebrae, scapulae, pelvic girdle, both legs, and ribs. The generic name, "''Iyuku''", is derived from the Xhosa language, Xhosa word for "hatchling", in reference to the immature status of the specimens. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kirkwood Formation
The Kirkwood Formation is a geological formation found in the Eastern and Western Cape provinces in South Africa. It is one of the four formations found within the Uitenhage Group of the Algoa Basin – its type locality – and in the neighbouring Gamtoos Basin. Outcrops of the Kirkwood are also found along the Worcester-Pletmos, Herbertsdale-Riversdale, Heidelberg-Mossel Bay, and Oudtshoorn-Gamtoos basin lines. At these basins the Kirkwood Formation underlies the Buffelskloof Formation and not the Sundays River Formation. Geology The Kirwood Formation was formed along the southern section of South Africa during the break up of Gondwana. Dating it has proven tricky, with some regarding it as a Late Jurassic (~145 Ma) or Early Cretaceous deposit (~135 Ma). However, dating the Kirkwood's abundant volcanic ash layers by U-Pb methods is currently underway. The Kirkwood Formation is composed of sedimentary rocks deposited under fluvial conditions at or near sea level, such as var ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2022 In Archosaur Paleontology
This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that are scheduled described during the year 2022, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that are scheduled to occur in the year 2022. Pseudosuchians New pseudosuchian taxa General pseudosuchian research * A study on the mandible embryogenesis in extant caimans, and on its implications for the knowledge of the evolution of postdentary lower jaw of pseudosuchians, is published by Bona ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the musculature of crocodylian and fossil suchian jaws, investigating the impact of the flattening of the skulls of suchians in their evolutionary history on their muscle anatomy, is published by Sellers ''et al.'' (2022). * Revision of ''Tsylmosuchus donensis'' and ''Scythosuchus basileus'' is published by Sennikov (2022), who interprets the latter taxon as a junior synonym of the former one, and interprets ''T. donensis'' as a likely member of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryosauridae
Dryosaurids were primitive iguanodonts. They are known from Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rocks of Africa, Europe, and North America. Phylogeny Until recently many dryosaurids have been regarded as dubious ('' Callovosaurus'' and '' Kangnasaurus'') or as species of the type member, ''Dryosaurus'' (''Dysalotosaurus'', '' Elrhazosaurus'' and ''Valdosaurus''). However, more recent studies redescribe these genera as valid. The cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to ... below follows Paul M. Barrett, Richard J. Butler, Richard J. Twitchett and Stephen Hutt (2011). References {{Taxonbar, from=Q2505300 Iguanodonts Middle Jurassic first appearances Cretaceous extinctions Prehistoric dinosaur families Taxa named by Angela Milner Taxa named by David B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Cretaceous
The Early Cretaceous ( geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphic name), is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous. It is usually considered to stretch from 145 Ma to 100.5 Ma. Geology Proposals for the exact age of the Barremian-Aptian boundary ranged from 126 to 117 Ma until recently (as of 2019), but based on drillholes in Svalbard the defining early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (OAE1a) was carbon isotope dated to 123.1±0.3 Ma, limiting the possible range for the boundary to c. 122–121 Ma. There is a possible link between this anoxic event and a series of Early Cretaceous large igneous provinces (LIP). The Ontong Java-Manihiki-Hikurangi large igneous province, emplaced in the South Pacific at c. 120 Ma, is by far the largest LIP in Earth's history. The Ontong Java Plateau today covers an area of 1,860,000 km2. In the Indian Ocean another LIP began to form at c. 120 Ma, the Kerguelen P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trinisaura
''Trinisaura'' is an extinct genus of ornithopod dinosaur known from the lower levels of the Late Cretaceous Snow Hill Island Formation (early Maastrichtian stage) of James Ross Island, Antarctica. It contains a single species, ''Trinisaura santamartaensis''. Discovery and naming The species was in 2013 named by Rodolfo Aníbal Coria e.a. The generic name honours the geologist Trinidad Diaz. The specific name refers to the Santa Marta Cove site where the specimen was in 2008 found by Coria and Juan José Moly. That same year, the find was reported in the scientific literature.Coria, R.A., Moly, J.J., Reguero, M., Santillana, S., 2008, "Nuevos restos de Ornithopoda (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) de la Fm. Santa Marta, Isla J. Ross, Antártida", ''Ameghiniana'' 45(4), Supl., 25R The holotype, MLP-III-1-1, consists of a partial skeleton lacking the skull, of a subadult individual about in length. Phylogeny The cladogram below follows Coria ''et al.'', 2013 phylogenetic analys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kangnasaurus
''Kangnasaurus'' (meaning "Farm Kangnas lizard") is a genus of iguanodontian ornithopod dinosaur found in supposedly Early Cretaceous rocks of South Africa. It is known from a tooth and possibly some postcranial remains found in the early- Aptian Kalahari Deposits Formation. It was probably similar to ''Dryosaurus''. Discovery and naming ''Kangnasaurus'' was named in 1915 by Sidney H. Haughton. The type species is ''Kangnasaurus coetzeei''. The generic name refers to the Kangnas farm; the specific name to the farmer, Coetzee. ''Kangnasaurus'' is based on holotype SAM 2732, a tooth found at a depth of 34 metres in a well at Farm Kangnas, in the Orange River valley of northern Cape Province, South Africa. The age of these rocks, conglomerates in an ancient crater lake, is unclear; they are thought to be from the Early Cretaceous (probably early- Aptian). Haughton thought SAM 2732 was a tooth from the upper jaw, but Michael Cooper reidentified it as a lower jaw tooth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhabdodontoidea
Rhabdodontomorpha is a clade of basal iguanodont dinosaurs. This group was named in 2016 in the context of the description, based on Spanish findings of an early member of the Rhabdodontidae. A cladistic analysis was conducted in which it was found that ''Muttaburrasaurus'' was the sister species of the Rhabdodontidae ''sensu'' Weishampel. Therefore, Paul-Emile Dieudonné, Thierry Tortosa, Fidel Torcida Fernández-Baldor, José Ignacio Canudo and Ignacio Díaz-Martínez defined Rhabdodontomorpha as a nodal clade: the group consisting of the last common ancestor of ''Rhabdodon priscus'' Matheron, 1869 and ''Muttaburrasaurus langdoni'' Bartholomai and Molnar, 1981; and all its descendants. Within the clade ''Zalmoxes'' and ''Mochlodon'' are also included. The clade is characterized by the following synapomorphies: * the outline of the dorsal iliac margin is sigmoidal in dorsal view, with the postacetabular process deflected medialward and the pre-acetabular process deflected latera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryomorpha
Iguanodontia (the iguanodonts) is a clade of herbivorous dinosaurs that lived from the Middle Jurassic to Late Cretaceous. Some members include ''Camptosaurus'', ''Dryosaurus'', ''Iguanodon'', ''Tenontosaurus'', and the hadrosaurids or "duck-billed dinosaurs". Iguanodontians were one of the first groups of dinosaurs to be found. They are among the best known of the dinosaurs, and were among the most diverse and widespread herbivorous dinosaur groups of the Cretaceous period. Classification Iguanodontia is often listed as an infraorder within a suborder Ornithopoda, though Benton (2004) lists Ornithopoda as an infraorder and does not rank Iguanodontia. Traditionally, iguanodontians were grouped into the superfamily Iguanodontoidea and family Iguanodontidae. However, phylogenetic studies show that the traditional "iguanodontids" are a paraphyletic grade leading up to the hadrosaurs (duck-billed dinosaurs). Groups like Iguanodontoidea are sometimes still used as unranked clades in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryosaurus
''Dryosaurus'' ( , meaning 'tree lizard', Greek ' () meaning 'tree, oak' and () meaning 'lizard'; the name reflects the forested habitat, not a vague oak-leaf shape of its cheek teeth as is sometimes assumed) is a genus of an ornithopod dinosaur that lived in the Late Jurassic period. It was an iguanodont (formerly classified as a hypsilophodont). Fossils have been found in the western United States and were first discovered in the late 19th century. '' Valdosaurus canaliculatus'' and '' Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki'' were both formerly considered to represent species of ''Dryosaurus''. Description Based on known specimens, they had been estimated to have reached up to long and to have weighed up to . However, as no known adult specimens of the genus have been found, the adult size remains unknown. In 2018, the largest specimen (CM 1949) was concluded to be from another species; revising the identity of this specimen put the previous research on size and growth into question. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibia
The tibia (; ), also known as the shinbone or shankbone, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia); it connects the knee with the ankle. The tibia is found on the medial side of the leg next to the fibula and closer to the median plane. The tibia is connected to the fibula by the interosseous membrane of leg, forming a type of fibrous joint called a syndesmosis with very little movement. The tibia is named for the flute ''tibia''. It is the second largest bone in the human body, after the femur. The leg bones are the strongest long bones as they support the rest of the body. Structure In human anatomy, the tibia is the second largest bone next to the femur. As in other vertebrates the tibia is one of two bones in the lower leg, the other being the fibula, and is a component of the knee and ankle joints. The ossification or formation of the bone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ankylopollexia
Ankylopollexia is an extinct clade of ornithischian dinosaurs that lived from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous. It is a derived clade of iguanodontian ornithopods and contains the subgroup Styracosterna. The name stems from the Greek word, “ankylos”, mistakenly taken to mean stiff, fused (in fact the adjective means bent or curved; used of fingers, it can mean hooked), and the Latin word, “pollex”, meaning thumb. Originally described in 1986 by Sereno, a most likely synapomorphic feature of a conical thumb spine defines the clade.Sereno, P.C. (1986). "Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (order Ornithischia)". National Geographic Research 2 (2): 234–56 First appearing around 156 million years ago, in the Jurassic, Ankylopollexia became an extremely successful and widespread clade during the Cretaceous, and were found around the world. The group died out at the end of the Maastrichtian. They grew to be quite large, comparable to some carnivorous dinosaurs and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valdosaurus
''Valdosaurus'' ("Weald Lizard") is a genus of bipedal herbivorous iguanodont ornithopod dinosaur found on the Isle of Wight and elsewhere in England, Spain and possibly also Romania. It lived during the Early Cretaceous. Discovery and naming In the nineteenth century Reverend William Darwin Fox collected two small thighbones near Cowleaze Chine on the southwest coast of the Isle of Wight. In 1868 he incorrectly suggested these may have come from the same individual that had in 1848 been uncovered for Gideon Mantell as a fossil of ''Iguanodon'', and which in 1869 would be named as the new genus ''Hypsilophodon''. Regardless, both femora, made part of the collection of the British Museum of Natural History as specimens BMNH R184 and BMNH R185, would be commonly referred to the latter genus. However, in 1975 Peter Galton named them as a new species of ''Dryosaurus'': ''Dryosaurus canaliculatus''. The specific name means "with a small channel" in Latin, referring to a d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
