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Ankylopollexia
Ankylopollexia is an extinct clade of ornithischian dinosaurs that lived from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous. It is a derived clade of iguanodontian ornithopods and contains the subgroup Styracosterna. The name stems from the Greek word, “ankylos”, mistakenly taken to mean stiff, fused (in fact the adjective means bent or curved; used of fingers, it can mean hooked), and the Latin word, “pollex”, meaning thumb. Originally described in 1986 by Sereno, a most likely synapomorphic feature of a conical thumb spine defines the clade.Sereno, P.C. (1986). "Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (order Ornithischia)". National Geographic Research 2 (2): 234–56 First appearing around 156 million years ago, in the Jurassic, Ankylopollexia became an extremely successful and widespread clade during the Cretaceous, and were found around the world. The group died out at the end of the Maastrichtian. They grew to be quite large, comparable to some carnivorous dinosaurs and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camptosaurus
''Camptosaurus'' ( ) is a genus of plant-eating, beaked ornithischian dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic period of western North America and possibly also Europe. The name means 'flexible lizard' (Greek (') meaning 'bent' and (') meaning 'lizard'). Description ''Camptosaurus'' is a relatively heavily built form, with robust hindlimbs and broad feet, still having four toes. Due to the separate status of ''Uteodon'' it has become problematic which material from the Morrison Formation belongs to ''Camptosaurus''. The specimens with certainty belonging to ''Camptosaurus dispar'', from Quarry 13, have been recovered from very deep layers, probably dating to the Callovian- Oxfordian. The largest fragments from later strata indicate adult individuals more than long, and at the hips. The Quarry 13 individuals are smaller though. They have been described as reaching 6 meters (19.7 feet) in length and 785 – 874 kg in weight.Foster, J. (2007). "''Camptosaurus dispar''." ''Jura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnamanus
''Magnamanus'' is an extinct genus of herbivorous iguanodontian dinosaur that lived during the Early Cretaceous in what is now Spain in the Golmayo Formation. It contains a single species, ''Magnamanus soriaensis''. Description ''Magnamanus'' is a large ornithopod, with an estimated length of between nine and ten meters, and weight over three tons—a similar size to ''Iguanodon bernissartensis''. The hand is broad and similar to other basal members of Iguanodontia, with a protruding thumb spine and a fifth finger. The descriptors established nine distinctive features for this taxon, all autapomorphies. The dentary contributes to the front coronoid process of the lower jaw so that the last dentary tooth is located on the slope of the protrusion, instead of on the basis of it. The length of the shoulder amounts to six times the upper width, and seven times the minimum width. In the shoulder the front processus acromion is facing on the other side of the rear projection. When the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hippodraco
''Hippodraco'' is a genus of iguanodontian ornithopod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah, United States. The genus contains a single species, ''H. scutodens'', known from a partial skeleton belonging to an immature individual. Discovery The holotype of ''Hippodraco'', UMNH VP 20208, was discovered in 2004 by Andrew R. C. Milner. It is a fragmentary specimen including a fragmented skull and dentary teeth, vertebrae (dorsal, caudal and cervical), a right humerus, a right scapula, a left ischium, a right tibia, a right femur, and left metatarsals. It was later named in 2010 by Andrew T. McDonald, James I. Kirkland, Andrew R. C. Milner, Scott K. Madsen, Donald D. DeBlieux, Jennifer Cavin and Lukas Panzarin. The generic name ''Hippodraco'' is a combination of the Greek word ''hippos'' ("horse") and the Latin word ''draco'' ("dragon"). It refers to the elongated shape of the skull, which resembles a horse skull. The specific name ''scutodens'' is a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riabininohadros
''Riabininohadros'' (meaning " Riabinin's hadrosaur") is an extinct genus of ankylopollexian dinosaur from the Maastrichtian of Crimea. Its type species is ''Riabininohadros weberi'', emended to ''Riabininohadros weberae''. It was originally classified as a species of ''Orthomerus'', until 2015. Discovery and history It was originally named ''Orthomerus weberi'' when first described by Anatoly Nikolaevich Riabinin in 1945 for hindlimb elements from an unnamed Maastrichtian-age formation in Crimea of what is now Ukraine (then a part of the Soviet Union). These were in 1934 near Bakhchysarai found by G.F. Weber who is honoured in the specific name. The find was in 1937 reported in the scientific literature. As Weber was female, Lev Nesov in 1995 emended the name to ''Orthomerus weberae'' so the ending of the species name was also feminine. Although tossed as a ''nomen dubium'' in recent reviews of Hadrosauridae,Weishampel, David B.; Horner, Jack R. (1990). "Hadrosauridae". In Wei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brighstoneus
''Brighstoneus'' (after Brighstone, a village on the Isle of Wight) is a genus of hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, England. The genus contains a single species, ''Brighstoneus simmondsi'', known from a partial skeleton. History of discovery The holotype specimen, MIWG 6344, was discovered along with the holotype of ''Neovenator'' during the summer of 1978, when a storm made part of the Grange Chine collapse. Rocks containing fossils fell to the beach of Brighstone Bay on the southwestern coast of the Isle of Wight. The rocks were part of plant debris bed L9 within the variegated clays and marls of the Wessex Formation dating from the Barremian stage of the Early Cretaceous, about 125 million years ago. They were first collected by the Henwood family and shortly afterwards by geology student David Richards. Richards sent the remains to the Museum of Isle of Wight Geology and the British Museum of Natural History. In the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lurdusaurus
''Lurdusaurus'' ("heavy lizard") is a genus of massive and unusually shaped iguanodont dinosaur from the Elrhaz Formation in Niger. It contains one species, ''L. arenatus''. The formation dates to the Early Cretaceous, roughly 112 million years ago. ''Lurdusaurus'' has a highly atypical body plan for an iguanodont, with a small skull, long neck, rotund torso, and powerful forelimbs and claws, somewhat reminiscent of a ground sloth. Its metacarpals (wrist bones) are fused and reinforced into a large block, and the thumb spike is remarkably enormous. These would have allowed the hand to have functioned almost like a ball-and-chain flail. ''Lurdusaurus'' is estimated to have been long and high when on all-fours, but its stomach would have been only off the ground. It may have weighed , conspicuously heavy for an iguanodontid this size. Paleontologist Thomas R. Holtz Jr. speculated ''Lurdusaurus'' may have behaved much like a hippo. It lived in a forested, riverine environment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cumnoria
''Cumnoria'' is a genus of herbivorous iguanodontian dinosaur. It was a basal iguanodontian that lived during the Late Jurassic period (Kimmeridgian age) in what is now Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. Description The holotype of ''Cumnoria'' is of a rather small bipedal animal with a slender build. about 3.5 metres (11.4 feet) long, The specimen is probably that of a juvenile though. History of discovery ''Cumnoria'' is known from the holotype OXFUM J.3303, a partial skull and postcranium, recovered from the lower Kimmeridge Clay Formation, in the Chawley Brick Pits, Cumnor Hurst. Workers at first discarded the remains on a dump heap, but one of them later collected the bones in a sack and showed them to Professor George Rolleston, an anatomist at the nearby Oxford University. Rolleston in turn brought them to the attention of palaeontologist Professor Joseph Prestwich who in 1879 reported them as a new species of ''Iguanodon'', though without actually coining a species name. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iguanacolossus
''Iguanacolossus'' (meaning "Iguana Colossus" or "Colossal Iguana") is a genus of iguanodontian ornithopod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Early Cretaceous period. It is known from UMNH VP 20205, the associated holotype with a large partial skeleton of a single individual. Discovery and naming The holotype of ''Iguanacolossus'', UMNH VP 20205, was discovered by Donald D. DeBlieux in 2005, unearthed from the Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah; dating from the Valanginian stage in the Early Cretaceous, it wasn't named and described until 2010 by Andrew T. McDonald, James I. Kirkland, Donald D. DeBlieux, Scott K. Madsen, Jennifer Cavin, Andrew R. C. Milner, and Lukas Panzarin, along with the genus ''Hippodraco'', also from the Cedar Mountain Formation. UMNH VP 20205 is assigned to a single individual, including skull elements: fragmented predentary, partial right maxilla, right squamosal, teeth, right and left quadrates. Body remains compromise: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theiophytalia
''Theiophytalia'' is a genus of herbivorous iguanodontian dinosaur from the lower Cretaceous period (Aptian-Albian stage, about 112 million years ago) of Colorado, USA. It contains a single species, ''T. kerri''. Description Detailed comparisons by Brill and Carpenter (2006) also showed that the skull differed in a number of key features from that of ''Camptosaurus'', namely: a longer, heavier, and more rugose snout; a wider dorsal process on the maxilla; a proportionally smaller antorbital fenestra; and stouter quadrate, with a bulbous articulation for the lower jaw. Compare the skull image with that of ''Camptosaurus''. Therefore, they put it into its own genus and species. Discovery In 1878, a student of Colorado College named James Kerr found a partial Ornithopod skull at Garden of the Gods Park in El Paso County, Colorado. The skull, YPM 1887, was referred by O.C. Marsh (affirmed by Gilmore, 1909), to whom the skull was given in 1886, as that of ''Camptosaurus amplus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osmakasaurus
''Osmakasaurus'' (meaning "canyon lizard", ''ósmaka'' meaning "canyon" in the Lakota language) is a genus of herbivorous iguanodontian dinosaur. It is a basal iguanodontian which lived during the Early Cretaceous period (Valanginian age) in what is now Buffalo Gap of South Dakota, United States. It is known from the Chilson Member of the Lakota Formation. This genus was named by Andrew T. McDonald in 2011 and the type species is ''O. depressus''. Discovery and naming The holotype, USNM 4753, was discovered by Nelson Horatio Darton in 1896 within a layer of the Lakota Formation. The type species ''O. depressus'' was previously referred to as ''Camptosaurus ''Camptosaurus'' ( ) is a genus of plant-eating, beaked ornithischian dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic period of western North America and possibly also Europe. The name means 'flexible lizard' ( Greek (') meaning 'bent' and (') meaning 'li ... depressus'', and was first described in 1909 by Charles W. Gilmore. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Planicoxa
''Planicoxa'' is a genus of advanced iguanodontian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of North America. It is known from the partial skeletons of several individual specimens. Its fossils were discovered in Utah, United States. The type species for the genus is ''Planicoxa venenica'', first described by Tony DiCroce and Kenneth Carpenter in 2001. Its discovery was made in the Poison Strip Sandstone Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation in Grand County, Utah, United States. The generic name, ''Planicoxa'', which means "flat hip", refers to the flat appearance of the ilium formed by horizontal folding over of the postacetabular process (rear portion of the ilium), the defining characteristic of the genus; ''venenica'', the specific name, is Latin for "poison" in reference to the Poison Strip Sandstone Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation where the discovery was made. The taxon is represented by a well-preserved ilium, femora, tibiae, and vertebrae, as well as other material. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypselospinus
''Hypselospinus'' is a genus of iguanodontian dinosaur which was first described as a species of ''Iguanodon'' (''I. fittoni'') by Richard Lydekker in 1889, the specific name honouring William Henry Fitton. History In May 2010 the fossils comprising ''Hypselospinus'' were by David Norman reclassified as a separate genus, among them the holotype BMNH R1635, consisting of a left ilium, a sacrum, tail vertebrae and teeth. The generic name is derived from Greek ''hypselos'', "high" and Latin ''spina'', "thorn", in reference to the high vertebral spines. Later that same year, a second group of scientists independently re-classified ''I. fittoni'' into a new genus they named ''Wadhurstia'',Carpenter, K. and Ishida, Y. (2010).Early and “Middle” Cretaceous Iguanodonts in Time and Space. ''Journal of Iberian Geology'', 36 (2): 145-164. which thus is a junior objective synonym of ''Hypselospinus''. ''Hypselospinus'' lived during the lower Valanginian stage, around 140 million years ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
