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Holconautilus
''Holconautilus'' is a genus of nautiloids from the family Tainoceratidae and order Nautilida, named by Mojsisovics, 1902, and known from Upper Triassic sediments in Europe and E Indies (Timor). Its shell, evolute, discoidal, with simple coarse lateral ribbing; whorl section, subrectagular with a broadly arched venter. ''Holconautilus'' somewhat resembles the Permo-Triassic ''Pleuronautilus'' except its suture has ventral saddles instead of ventral lobes and lateral ribs are continuous. ''Anoploceras ''Anoploceras'' is a genus of Middle and Upper Triassic nautiloids included in the Tainoceratidae, known from eastern Europe. The shell is evolute with only a slight overlap of previous whorls. Whorl section is subquadrate, like ''Pleuronautilu ...'', from the same time and place as ''Holconautilus'' is also similar except for having a wider whorl section and a venter that is slightly concave. References * Bernhard Kummel, 1964. Nautiloidea-Nautilida. Treatise on Invertebrat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anoploceras
''Anoploceras'' is a genus of Middle and Upper Triassic nautiloids included in the Tainoceratidae, known from eastern Europe. The shell is evolute with only a slight overlap of previous whorls. Whorl section is subquadrate, like ''Pleuronautilus ''Pleuronautilus'' is a nautiloid genus; family Tainoceratidae, order Nautilida. Description The shell is evolute, discoidal; whorl section subquadrade, flanks generally straight but may converge toward the venter. Inner flanks have course ...'', only depressed. Flanks have conspicuous ribs that may be somewhat sinuous. '' Holconautilus'' has a more rounded venter, and flanks, and is more evolute. '' Enoploceras'' has weaker ribs that expand into nodes on the umbilical and ventro-lateral shoulders, and a small umbilical perforation. '' Encoiloceras'' has strong ribbing, a large umbilical perforation, and a shallow groove along the venter. ''References'' * Bernhard Kummel, 1964. Nautiloidea-Nautilida. Treatise on Invertebrate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tainoceratidae
Tainoceratidae is a family of late Paleozoic and Triassic nautiloids that are a part of the order Nautilida, characterized by large, generally evolute shells with quadrate to rectangular whorl sections. Shells may bear ribs or nodes, or both. Tainoceratidae forms the larger of the two branches of the superfamily Tainocerataceae derived from the earlier family Rutoceratidae around the end of the Devonian or early in the Mississippian (Lower Carboniferous). The other branch is the family Koninckioceratidae, which is confined to the Paleozoic. The family Tainoceratidae, in contrast, extends to almost to the end of the Triassic and during the Early Permian, possibly gave rise to the small family, Rhiphaeoceratidae. The Tainoceratids are contemporary with the family Grypoceratidae, the dominant trigonoceratacean family, and with the family Liroceratidae form the bulk of species in the superfamily Clydonautilaceae, all three of which have the same Early Carboniferous to Triassic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian Ages. Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including ''Plateosaurus'', ''Coelophysis'', and ''Eoraptor''. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth. Etymology The Triassic was named in 1834 by Friedrich von Alberti, after a succession of three distinct rock layers (Greek meaning 'triad') that are widespread in southern Germany: the lower Buntsandstein (colourful sandstone'')'', the middle Muschelkalk (shell-bearing limestone) and the upper Keuper (coloured clay). The Late Triassic Series co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nautiloid
Nautiloids are a group of marine cephalopods ( Mollusca) which originated in the Late Cambrian and are represented today by the living ''Nautilus'' and ''Allonautilus''. Fossil nautiloids are diverse and speciose, with over 2,500 recorded species. They flourished during the early Paleozoic era, when they constituted the main predatory animals. Early in their evolution, nautiloids developed an extraordinary diversity of shell shapes, including coiled morphologies and giant straight-shelled forms ( orthocones). Only a handful of rare coiled species, the nautiluses, survive to the present day. In a broad sense, "nautiloid" refers to a major cephalopod subclass or collection of subclasses (Nautiloidea ''sensu lato''). Nautiloids are typically considered one of three main groups of cephalopods, along with the extinct ammonoids (ammonites) and living coleoids (such as squid, octopus, and kin). While ammonoids and coleoids are monophyletic clades with exclusive ancestor-descendant rel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nautilida
The Nautilida constitute a large and diverse order of generally coiled nautiloid cephalopods that began in the mid Paleozoic and continues to the present with a single family, the Nautilidae which includes two genera, ''Nautilus'' and ''Allonautilus'', with six species. All told, between 22 and 34 families and 165 to 184 genera have been recognised, making this the largest order of the subclass Nautiloidea. Classification and phylogeny Current classification The current classification of the Nautilida, in prevalent use, is that of Bernhard Kummel (Kummel 1964) in the Treatise which divides the Nautilida into five superfamilies, the Aipocerataceae, Clydonautilaceae, Tainocerataceae, and Trigonocerataceae, mostly of the Paleozoic, and the later Nautilaceae. These include 22 families and some 165 or so genera (Teichert and Moore 1964) Other concepts Shimansky 1962 (in Kummel 1964) divided the Nautilida into five suborders, the mostly Paleozoic Centroceratina, Liroceratina, Rutoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triassic
The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest period of the Mesozoic Era. Both the start and end of the period are marked by major extinction events. The Triassic Period is subdivided into three epochs: Early Triassic, Middle Triassic and Late Triassic. The Triassic began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, which left the Earth's biosphere impoverished; it was well into the middle of the Triassic before life recovered its former diversity. Three categories of organisms can be distinguished in the Triassic record: survivors from the extinction event, new groups that flourished briefly, and other new groups that went on to dominate the Mesozoic Era. Reptiles, especially archosaurs, were the chief terrestrial vertebrates during this time. A specialized subgroup of archo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. Comprising the westernmost peninsulas of Eurasia, it shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and Asia to the east. Europe is commonly considered to be Boundaries between the continents of Earth#Asia and Europe, separated from Asia by the drainage divide, watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural (river), Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. "Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timor
Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, in the north of the Timor Sea. The island is East Timor–Indonesia border, divided between the sovereign states of East Timor on the eastern part and Indonesia on the western part. The Indonesian part, also known as West Timor, constitutes part of the Provinces of Indonesia, province of East Nusa Tenggara. Within West Timor lies an exclave of East Timor called Oecusse District. The island covers an area of . The name is a variant of ''timur'', Malay language, Malay for "east"; it is so called because it lies at the eastern end of the Lesser Sunda Islands. Mainland Australia is less than 500 km away, separated by the Timor Sea. Language, ethnic groups and religion Anthropologists identify eleven distinct Ethnolinguistic group, ethno-linguistic groups in Timor. The largest are the Atoni of western Timor and the Tetum of central and eastern Timor. Most indigenous Timorese languages belong to the Timorâ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleuronautilus
''Pleuronautilus'' is a nautiloid genus; family Tainoceratidae, order Nautilida. Description The shell is evolute, discoidal; whorl section subquadrade, flanks generally straight but may converge toward the venter. Inner flanks have course ribbing, outer have rows of nodes. Sutures have shallow ventral, lateral, and dorsal lobes. Its siphuncle is small and approximately central. Fossil records ''Pleuronautilus'' has been found in Upper Permian marine limestone in Armenia, China, and Iran, sometimes associated with orthocerids, ammonoids, and other nautilids as well as other invertebrates; in Upper Permian offshore mudstone and calcareous siltstone in the northern Caucasus, and in upper Lower Permian marine sediments in Tajikistan with grypoceratids and pronoritids. It has been found also in Lower Triassic black marine calcareous shale in Afghanistan with orthocerid, aulacocerid, phylloceratitd and ceratitid cephalopod genera and in early Upper deltaic shale and marl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prehistoric Nautiloid Genera
Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of symbols, marks, and images appears very early among humans, but the earliest known writing systems appeared 5000 years ago. It took thousands of years for writing systems to be widely adopted, with writing spreading to almost all cultures by the 19th century. The end of prehistory therefore came at very different times in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently. In the early Bronze Age, Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley Civilisation, and ancient Egypt were the first civilizations to develop their own scripts and to keep historical records, with their neighbors following. Most other civilizations reached the end of prehistory during the following Iron Age. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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