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Tainoceratidae
Tainoceratidae is a family of late Paleozoic and Triassic nautiloids that are a part of the order Nautilida, characterized by large, generally evolute shells with quadrate to rectangular whorl sections. Shells may bear ribs or nodes, or both. Tainoceratidae forms the larger of the two branches of the superfamily Tainocerataceae derived from the earlier family Rutoceratidae around the end of the Devonian or early in the Mississippian (Lower Carboniferous). The other branch is the family Koninckioceratidae, which is confined to the Paleozoic. The family Tainoceratidae, in contrast, extends to almost to the end of the Triassic and during the Early Permian, possibly gave rise to the small family, Rhiphaeoceratidae. The Tainoceratids are contemporary with the family Grypoceratidae, the dominant trigonoceratacean family, and with the family Liroceratidae form the bulk of species in the superfamily Clydonautilaceae, all three of which have the same Early Carboniferous to Triassic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tainocerataceae
The Tainoceratoidea are a superfamily in the cephalopod order Nautilida characterized by straight to loosely coiled shells, generally to a degree such that the width is greater than the height, to quadrate whorl section. Many bore spines, ribs, frills, wings, or nodes. In early forms, the siphuncle is generally near ventral, but more variable (usually central) in advanced forms. Tainoceratoids are derived from the Oncocerida through the Rutoceratidae which first appear in the Lower Devonian. The Rutoceratidae gave rise to the exclusively Devonian Tetragonoceratidae and early on the Mississippian or late the Devonian to the Tainoceratidae and Koninckioceratidae. The Tainoceratidae gave rise to the Rhiphaeoceratidae which are confined to the Permian. The Tainoceratoidea, established by Alpheus Hyatt Alpheus Hyatt (April 5, 1838 – January 15, 1902) was an American zoologist and palaeontologist. Biography Alpheus Hyatt II was born in Washington, D.C. to Alpheus Hyatt a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleuronautilus
''Pleuronautilus'' is a nautiloid genus; family Tainoceratidae, order Nautilida. Description The shell is evolute, discoidal; whorl section subquadrade, flanks generally straight but may converge toward the venter. Inner flanks have course ribbing, outer have rows of nodes. Sutures have shallow ventral, lateral, and dorsal lobes. Its siphuncle is small and approximately central. Fossil records ''Pleuronautilus'' has been found in Upper Permian marine limestone in Armenia, China, and Iran, sometimes associated with orthocerids, ammonoids, and other nautilids as well as other invertebrates; in Upper Permian offshore mudstone and calcareous siltstone in the northern Caucasus, and in upper Lower Permian marine sediments in Tajikistan with grypoceratids and pronoritids. It has been found also in Lower Triassic black marine calcareous shale in Afghanistan with orthocerid, aulacocerid, phylloceratitd and ceratitid cephalopod genera and in early Upper deltaic shale and marl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cooperoceras
''Cooperoceras'' is a genus of Tainoceratid nautiloid cephalopod molluscs within the superfamily Tainocerataceae, characterized by and evolute shell with an open, perforate, umbilicus, sinuous ribs at maturity, and recurved hollow spines along the ventro-lateral shoulders. The flanks and venter are flattened, the flanks converge on the dorsum, the venter has a shallow median groove. The suture is with rounded ventral and lateral lobes. The siphuncle is small, tubular, and subcentral. (Kummel 1964, K413) ''Cooperoceras'', known from the Lower Permian of N America and Europe (Urals), was named by Miller in 1945. The genotype is ''Cooperoceras texanum''. The phylogenetic relationships of ''Cooperoceras'' are unclear. ''References'' * Kummel,B. 1964, Nauiloidea-Nautilida, in The Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part K, Nautiloidea; Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press. {{Paleo-nautiloid-stub Prehistoric nautiloid genera Fossil taxa described in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anoploceras
''Anoploceras'' is a genus of Middle and Upper Triassic nautiloids included in the Tainoceratidae, known from eastern Europe. The shell is evolute with only a slight overlap of previous whorls. Whorl section is subquadrate, like ''Pleuronautilus ''Pleuronautilus'' is a nautiloid genus; family Tainoceratidae, order Nautilida. Description The shell is evolute, discoidal; whorl section subquadrade, flanks generally straight but may converge toward the venter. Inner flanks have course ...'', only depressed. Flanks have conspicuous ribs that may be somewhat sinuous. '' Holconautilus'' has a more rounded venter, and flanks, and is more evolute. '' Enoploceras'' has weaker ribs that expand into nodes on the umbilical and ventro-lateral shoulders, and a small umbilical perforation. '' Encoiloceras'' has strong ribbing, a large umbilical perforation, and a shallow groove along the venter. ''References'' * Bernhard Kummel, 1964. Nautiloidea-Nautilida. Treatise on Invertebrate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holconautilus
''Holconautilus'' is a genus of nautiloids from the family Tainoceratidae and order Nautilida, named by Mojsisovics, 1902, and known from Upper Triassic sediments in Europe and E Indies (Timor). Its shell, evolute, discoidal, with simple coarse lateral ribbing; whorl section, subrectagular with a broadly arched venter. ''Holconautilus'' somewhat resembles the Permo-Triassic ''Pleuronautilus'' except its suture has ventral saddles instead of ventral lobes and lateral ribs are continuous. ''Anoploceras ''Anoploceras'' is a genus of Middle and Upper Triassic nautiloids included in the Tainoceratidae, known from eastern Europe. The shell is evolute with only a slight overlap of previous whorls. Whorl section is subquadrate, like ''Pleuronautilu ...'', from the same time and place as ''Holconautilus'' is also similar except for having a wider whorl section and a venter that is slightly concave. References * Bernhard Kummel, 1964. Nautiloidea-Nautilida. Treatise on Invertebrat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexagonites
''Hexagonites'' is an extinct genus from the nautiloid order, Nautilida which includes the genus '' Nautilus'' currently found living in the tropical western Pacific. ''Hexagonites'' is included in the family Tainoceratidae, part of the superfamily Tainoceratoidea (Kummel, 1964) ''Hexagonites'' is based on an incomplete, crushed specimen from the Permian of China. Its shell is very evolute, with an hexagonal whorl section, and six rows of tubercles, in pairs on the ventrolateral and dorsolateral Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position prov ... shoulders. The suture has shallow lobes. (ibid) References * Kummel,B. 1964. Nautilioidea - Nautilida, in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part K Nautiloidea, Geological Society of America and University of Kansas press. Sepk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germanonautilus
''Germanonautilus'' is a cephalopod genus included in the nautilid family Tainoceratidae, found widespread in the Triassic of North America, Europe, Asia, and north Africa. The shell is a moderately involute nautilicone (a form based on '' Nautilus''); whorl section subquadrate to trapezoidal, widest across the umbilical shoulders, flanks flattened and ventrally convergent, venter flat and wide, dorsum narrowly and deeply impressed. The suture is with broad and deep lateral lobes and a shallow ventral lobe. The siphuncle is central and nummuloidal, composed of expanded segments that give a beaded appearance. References *Bernhard Kummerl, 1964. Nautiloidea-Nautilida. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology The ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology'' (or ''TIP'') published by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, is a definitive multi-authored work of some 50 volumes, written by more than 300 paleontologists, and co ... Part K. Geological So ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enoploceras
''Enoploceras'' is a Tainoceratid genus, a nautiloid cephalopod in the order Nautilida, known from Triassic sediments in Europe, India, Timor, and the state of Idaho. ''Enoploceras'' is characterised by its moderately involute shell with a broad subquadrarte whorl section; venter and flanks flattened; ventral and umbilical shoulders sharply rounded; flanks with nodes at ventral or umbilical shoulders or both, and with radial ribs and sinuous growth lines; umbilicus deep, straight walled, and with small perforation. The siphuncle is subcentral. Sutures form shallow lobes on the venter, flanks and dorsum. ''Enoploceras'' is like ''Anoploceras ''Anoploceras'' is a genus of Middle and Upper Triassic nautiloids included in the Tainoceratidae, known from eastern Europe. The shell is evolute with only a slight overlap of previous whorls. Whorl section is subquadrate, like ''Pleuronautilu ...'' in that both have a broad subquadrate, wider than high, whorl section but differs in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encoiloceras
''Encoiloceras'' is a genus of Tainoceratids, a nautiloid cephalopod in the order Nautilida that has been found in Upper Triassic ( Carnian) sediments in the Alps and Hungary. ''Encoiloceras'' has an evolute shell with a wide umbilicus and large umbilical perforation in the middle. The whorl section is subquadrate with a rounded venter. Flanks bear thick, foldlike, ribs that thicken at the ventral shoulders. The suture has shallow lobes on all sides and the supuncle is close to the dorsum, i.e. to the inner rim. ''Encoiloceras'' is similar to ''Anoploceras'' in that both have pronounced ribbing, although stronger in ''Encoiloceras'', but differs in that ''Encoiloceras'' has a wide umbilical perforation, lacking in ''Anoploceras''. It is also similar to ''Enoploceras ''Enoploceras'' is a Tainoceratid genus, a nautiloid cephalopod in the order Nautilida, known from Triassic sediments in Europe, India, Timor, and the state of Idaho. ''Enoploceras'' is characterised by its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tainoceras
''Tainoceras'' is an extinct coiled cephalopod that live during the later part of the Paleozoic and Triassic The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest period ..., that belongs to the nautiloid family Tainoceratidae.Kummel 1964, Nautiloidea—Nautilida. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part K Mollusca 3. Geol Soc of America and Univ Kansas Press Teichert and Moore (eds) ''Tainoceras'' has an evolude shell with a subquadrate whorl section that bears a double row of nodes on either side of its broad outer rim (venter). '' Metacoceras'' is similar except for lacking the double rows of nodes. '' Tainionautilus'' is similar, except that instead of nodes it has thick slanting lateral ribs References Nautiloids Pennsylvanian first appearances Triassic extinctions Fossil taxa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metacoceras
''Metacoceras'' is a nautilitoid cephalopod from the Upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) and Permian, the shell of which is moderately evolute with a subquadrate whorl section, bearing nodes on the ventral or umbilical shoulders or both, but otherwise smooth. The siphuncle The siphuncle is a strand of tissue passing longitudinally through the shell of a cephalopod mollusk. Only cephalopods with chambered shells have siphuncles, such as the extinct ammonites and belemnites, and the living nautiluses, cuttlefish, and ... is small, subcentral and orthochoanitic. The suture has shallow ventral and lateral lobes but no dorsal or annular lobe. ''Matacoceras'', named by Hyatt, 1883, is a genus in the nautilid superfamily Tainocerataceae. Its distribution is cosmopolitan. ''Aulametacoceras'', also a tainoceratid genus, is like ''Metacoceras except for having several longitudinal ridges and grooves along the venter. It is also a later genus with a more limited distribution, found i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nautiloidea
Nautiloids are a group of marine cephalopods (Mollusca) which originated in the Late Cambrian and are represented today by the living ''Nautilus'' and ''Allonautilus''. Fossil nautiloids are diverse and speciose, with over 2,500 recorded species. They flourished during the early Paleozoic era, when they constituted the main predatory animals. Early in their evolution, nautiloids developed an extraordinary diversity of shell shapes, including coiled morphologies and giant straight-shelled forms ( orthocones). Only a handful of rare coiled species, the nautiluses, survive to the present day. In a broad sense, "nautiloid" refers to a major cephalopod subclass or collection of subclasses (Nautiloidea ''sensu lato''). Nautiloids are typically considered one of three main groups of cephalopods, along with the extinct ammonoids (ammonites) and living coleoids (such as squid, octopus, and kin). While ammonoids and coleoids are monophyletic clades with exclusive ancestor-descendant rela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
