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Eshpum
Eshpum ( ''esh18-pum'', formerly read Geba) was Akkadian Governor of Elam around 2269–2255 BCE. He was a vassal of the Akkadian Empire ruler Manishtushu. While Eshpum was in charge of Elam, another Governor of Manistushu named Ilshu-rabi was in charge of Pashime, in the coastal area. Votive statue An archaic statue of an orant Orans (/ˈoː.rans/), a loanword from Medieval Latin ''ōrāns'' translated as ''one who is praying or pleading'', also orant or orante, as well as lifting up holy hands, is a posture or bodily attitude of prayer, usually standing, with the elbow ... is known, which was re-dedicated about 500 years later by Eshpum. It reads: File:Eshpum votive statue.jpg, Archaic votive statue (circa 2700 BCE) dedicated by Eshpum, with his inscription in the back File:Exhibit at Lovre Museum, Paris 06.jpg, Detail of the statue. Seal inscriptions "Eshpum, Governor of Elam" Another inscription of Eshpum is known, which reads "Eshpum, Governor of Elam" ( ''esz18-pum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eshpum Votive Statue Inscription
Eshpum ( ''esh18-pum'', formerly read Geba) was Akkadian Governor of Elam around 2269–2255 BCE. He was a vassal of the Akkadian Empire ruler Manishtushu. While Eshpum was in charge of Elam, another Governor of Manistushu named Ilshu-rabi was in charge of Pashime, in the coastal area. Votive statue An archaic statue of an orant Orans (/ˈoː.rans/), a loanword from Medieval Latin ''ōrāns'' translated as ''one who is praying or pleading'', also orant or orante, as well as lifting up holy hands, is a posture or bodily attitude of prayer, usually standing, with the elbow ... is known, which was re-dedicated about 500 years later by Eshpum. It reads: File:Eshpum votive statue.jpg, Archaic votive statue (circa 2700 BCE) dedicated by Eshpum, with his inscription in the back File:Exhibit at Lovre Museum, Paris 06.jpg, Detail of the statue. Seal inscriptions "Eshpum, Governor of Elam" Another inscription of Eshpum is known, which reads "Eshpum, Governor of Elam" ( ''esz18-pu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narundi
Narundi ( dna-ru-ti) or Narunde was an Elamite goddess worshiped in Susa. She is attested there roughly between 2250 BCE and 1800 BCE. Multiple inscriptions mention her, and it assumed she was a popular deity at the time. In later periods, she occurs exclusively in Mesopotamia, where she played a role in apotropaic rituals in association with the Sebitti. Many attestations are available from late Assyrian sources, but it is not certain if they should be regarded as an indication of continuous worship. In Elam Narundi is the oldest attested Elamite deity. She first appears in sources contemporaneous with the reign of the Akkadian Empire, and according to Javier Álvarez-Mon enjoyed a degree of popularity in the early periods. Heidemarie Koch suggested that she functioned as the goddess of victory. She was worshiped in Susa at least since around 2260 BCE, as indicated by a statue dedicated to her found in the so-called " Manishtushu shrine." Its style is characteristic for the Me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luh-ishan
Luh-ishan, also Luhhiššan, Luh-ishshan, Lu-ishan ( ''lu-uh-ish-an'', also ''lu-uh-hi ish-sha-an'') was a king of Elam and the 8th king of the Awan Dynasty, around 2300 BCE. He was the son of Hiship-rashini. Lu-ishan is known from Elamite sources, such as the Awan Dynasty king list, where he is listed as the 8th king of the Awan Dynasty. Lu-ishan also appears in the inscriptions of Sargon of Akkad, who vanquished him when he conquered Elam and Marhasi. Sargon claims in his inscriptions that he is "Sargon, king of the world, conqueror of Elam and Parahshum", the two major polities to the east of Sumer. He also names various rulers of the east whom he vanquished, such as "Luh-uh-ish-an, son of Hishibrasini, king of Elam", thought to be Lu-sihan, or " Sidga'u, general of Parahshum"(during the reign of Abalgamash Abalgamash ( ''a-ba-al-ga-masz'') was a king of Marhashi (" Parahshum" in Akkadian) circa 2370 BCE, somewhere on the Iranian plateau. He seems to have led the forces of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epirmupi
Epirmupi ( ''E-pir-mu-pil'', previously read E-nam-mu-de) was a ruler of Elam around 2199–2154 BCE. His name is purely Akkadian language, Akkadian, and he was in charge of Elam at the time of Rimush and Manishtushu, or early in the reign of Naram-Sin of Akkad, Naram-Sin and probably their dependent and vassal. His title of "Military Governor" (''Shakkanakku'' in Akkadian, GIR.NITA in Sumerian language, Sumerian) suggests that he was a dependent of the Akkadian kings, rather than an independent ruler. He also held the title of Ensi (Sumerian), Ensi of Susa". His successor was probably Ili-ishmani. After Ili-ishmani, and the weakening of the Akkadian Empire, rule in Elam reverted to local rulers of the Awan Dynasty. Seal inscriptions Various inscriptions in the name of Epirmupi are known, especially "Epirmupi, the Shakkanakku of the land of Elam” and "Epirmupi, Ensi (Sumerian), Ensi of Susa". A seal is known with the inscription "Epirmupi, the strong, Liburbeli, cup-bearer, you ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manishtusu
Manishtushu (, ''Ma-an-ish-tu-su'') was the third king of the Akkadian Empire, reigning from c. 2270 BC until his assassination in 2255 BC (Middle Chronology). He was the son of Sargon the Great, the founder of the Akkadian Empire, and he was succeeded by his son, Naram-Sin. Biography Manishtushu was the third king of the Akkadian Empire. He was the son of Sargon of Akkad and Queen Tashlultum, brother of Enheduanna, Rimush, and Shu-Enlil, and the father of Naram-Sin. He became king in c. 2270 BC after the death of his brother Rimush. Manishtushu, freed of the rebellions of his brother's reign, led campaigns to distant lands. According to a passage from one of his inscriptions, he led a fleet down the Persian Gulf where 32 kings allied to fight him. Manishtushu was victorious and consequently looted their cities and silver mines, along with other expeditions to kingdoms along the Persian Gulf. He also sailed a fleet down the Tigris River that eventually traded with 37 other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Awan Dynasty
The Awan Dynasty ( Sumerian: ''lugal-e-ne a-wa-anki'', "Kings of Awan") was the first dynasty of Elam of which very little of anything is known today, appearing at the dawn of historical record. The Dynasty corresponds to the early part of the Old Elamite period (dated c. 2700 – c. 1600 BC), it was succeeded by the Shimashki Dynasty (2200-1900 BC) and later the Sukkalmah Dynasty. The Elamites were likely major rivals of neighboring Sumer from remotest antiquity; they were said to have been defeated by Enmebaragesi of Kish (c. 25th century BC), who is the earliest archaeologically attested Sumerian king, as well as by a later monarch, Eannatum I of Lagash. Awan was a city-state or possibly a region of Elam whose precise location is not certain, but it has been variously conjectured to be north of Susa, in south Luristan, close to Dezful, or Godin Tepe. Elam and Sumer According to the '' Sumerian King List'', a dynasty from Awan exerted hegemony in Sumer after defeating th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manishtushu
Manishtushu (, ''Ma-an-ish-tu-su'') was the third king of the Akkadian Empire, reigning from c. 2270 BC until his assassination in 2255 BC (Middle Chronology). He was the son of Sargon the Great, the founder of the Akkadian Empire, and he was succeeded by his son, Naram-Sin. Biography Manishtushu was the third king of the Akkadian Empire. He was the son of Sargon of Akkad and Queen Tashlultum, brother of Enheduanna, Rimush, and Shu-Enlil, and the father of Naram-Sin. He became king in c. 2270 BC after the death of his brother Rimush. Manishtushu, freed of the rebellions of his brother's reign, led campaigns to distant lands. According to a passage from one of his inscriptions, he led a fleet down the Persian Gulf where 32 kings allied to fight him. Manishtushu was victorious and consequently looted their cities and silver mines, along with other expeditions to kingdoms along the Persian Gulf. He also sailed a fleet down the Tigris River that eventually traded with 37 other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilshu-rabi
Ilshu-rabi, also Ilšu-rabi ( ''Il-shu-rabi'') was a ruler of Pashime around 2250 BCE. He was a vassal of the Akkadian Empire ruler Manishtushu. While Ilshu-rabi was in charge of Pashime, another Governor of Manistushu named Eshpum was in charge of Elam, in the city of Susa. Stele of Ilshu-rabi A relief of Ilshu-rabi is known, which was discovered in Tell Abu Sheeja, ancient Pashime. The inscription on the stele reads: File:Inscription on the Stele of Ilshu-rabi.jpg, Inscription on the Stele of Ilshu-rabi File:Ilshu-rabi (name).jpg, The name "Ilshu-rabi" on his stele. File:Bashime-ki.jpg, The name of Pashime ( ''ba-si-meKI'') on the stele of Ilšu-rabi Manishtushu Obelisk The name of Ilšu-rabi as Governor of Pashime also appears in the Manishtushu Obelisk inscription, in several mentions of his son Ipulum, who is said to be: File:Manishtushu Obelisk with inscription Son of Ilshu-rabi, Governor of Pashime.jpg, "Ilšu-rabi, Governor of Pashime" appears in the Manishtus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elam
Elam (; Linear Elamite: ''hatamti''; Cuneiform Elamite: ; Sumerian: ; Akkadian: ; he, עֵילָם ''ʿēlām''; peo, 𐎢𐎺𐎩 ''hūja'') was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of southern Iraq. The modern name ''Elam'' stems from the Sumerian transliteration ''elam(a)'', along with the later Akkadian ''elamtu'', and the Elamite ''haltamti.'' Elamite states were among the leading political forces of the Ancient Near East. In classical literature, Elam was also known as Susiana ( ; grc, Σουσιανή ''Sousiānḗ''), a name derived from its capital Susa. Elam was part of the early urbanization of the Near East during the Chalcolithic period (Copper Age). The emergence of written records from around 3000 BC also parallels Sumerian history, where slightly earlier records have been found. In the Old Elamite period (Midd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Susa
Susa ( ; Middle elx, 𒀸𒋗𒊺𒂗, translit=Šušen; Middle and Neo- elx, 𒋢𒋢𒌦, translit=Šušun; Neo- Elamite and Achaemenid elx, 𒀸𒋗𒐼𒀭, translit=Šušán; Achaemenid elx, 𒀸𒋗𒐼, translit=Šušá; fa, شوش ; he, שׁוּשָׁן ; grc-gre, Σοῦσα ; syr, ܫܘܫ ; pal, 𐭮𐭥𐭱𐭩 or ; peo, 𐏂𐎢𐏁𐎠 ) was an ancient city in the lower Zagros Mountains about east of the Tigris, between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers in Iran. One of the most important cities of the Ancient Near East, Susa served as the capital of Elam and the Achaemenid Empire, and remained a strategic centre during the Parthian and Sasanian periods. The site currently consists of three archaeological mounds, covering an area of around one square kilometre. The modern Iranian town of Shush is located on the site of ancient Susa. Shush is identified as Shushan, mentioned in the Book of Esther and other Biblical books. Name The English name is deri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akkadian Empire
The Akkadian Empire () was the first ancient empire of Mesopotamia after the long-lived civilization of Sumer. It was centered in the city of Akkad () and its surrounding region. The empire united Akkadian and Sumerian speakers under one rule. The Akkadian Empire exercised influence across Mesopotamia, the Levant, and Anatolia, sending military expeditions as far south as Dilmun and Magan (modern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Oman) in the Arabian Peninsula.Mish, Frederick C., Editor in Chief. "Akkad" ''Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary''. ninth ed. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster 1985. ). The Akkadian Empire reached its political peak between the 24th and 22nd centuries BC, following the conquests by its founder Sargon of Akkad. Under Sargon and his successors, the Akkadian language was briefly imposed on neighboring conquered states such as Elam and Gutium. Akkad is sometimes regarded as the first empire in history, though the meaning of this term is not precis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pashime
Pashime, also Bashime ( ''ba-si-meKI''), was an ancient region of southern Mesopotamia. It has recently been identified with Tell Abu Sheeja, Iraq, about 7 km from Iraq's border with Iran. Pashime corresponded to an area of interaction between Mesopotamia and Elam. Its patron god was Shuda. The city of Pashime was previously thought to be located on the Persian Gulf. A stele was discovered in Tell Abu Sheeja with the name of a Governor Ilšu-rabi, who has the same name as Ilšu-rabi the Governor of Pashime in the Manishtushu Obelisk inscription. The inscription on the stele reads: File:Stele of Ilšu-rabi from Tell Abu Sheeja, Akkadian, Iraq. Iraq Museum.jpg, Stele of Ilšu-rabi Ilshu-rabi, also Ilšu-rabi ( ''Il-shu-rabi'') was a ruler of Pashime around 2250 BCE. He was a vassal of the Akkadian Empire ruler Manishtushu. While Ilshu-rabi was in charge of Pashime, another Governor of Manistushu named Eshpum was in charge ... from Tell Abu Sheeja, Akkadian, Iraq. Iraq Museu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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