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Calea Zacatechichi
''Calea ternifolia'' ( syn. ''Calea zacatechichi'') is a species of flowering plant in the aster family, Asteraceae. It is native to Mexico and Central America. Its English language common names include bitter-grass, Mexican calea, and dream herb.Simonienko, K., et al. (2013)Psychoactive plant species – actual list of plants prohibited in Poland.''Psychiatria Polska'' XLVII(3), 499–508. It is used in traditional medicine and ritual in its native range.Ferraz, A., et al. (2009)Pharmacological and genotoxic evaluation of ''Calea clematidea'' and ''Calea uniflora''.''Latin American Journal of Pharmacy'' 28(6), 858-6/ref> Uses In Mexico the plant is used as an herbalism, herbal remedy for dysentery and fever. The Zoque Popoluca people call the plant ''tam huñi'' ("bitter gum") and use it to treat diarrhea and asthma, and the Mixe people know it as ''poop taam ujts'' ("white bitter herb") and use it for stomachache and fever. The Chontal people of Oaxaca reportedly use th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Sigismund Kunth
Carl Sigismund Kunth (18 June 1788 – 22 March 1850), also Karl Sigismund Kunth or anglicized as Charles Sigismund Kunth, was a German botanist. He is known for being one of the first to study and categorise plants from the Americas, American continents, publishing ''Nova genera et species plantarum quas in peregrinatione ad plagam aequinoctialem orbis novi collegerunt Bonpland et Humboldt'' (7 vols., Paris, 1815–1825). Born in Leipzig, Kunth became a merchant's clerk in Berlin in 1806. After meeting Alexander von Humboldt, who helped him attend lectures at the University of Berlin, Kunth became interested in botany. Kunth worked as Humboldt's assistant in Paris from 1813 to 1819. He classified plants that had been collected by Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland during their journey through the Americas. When Kunth returned to Berlin in 1820, he became Professor of Botany at the University of Berlin, as well as the Vice President of the Berlin botanical garden. In 1829, he was ele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pillow
A pillow is a support of the body at rest for comfort, therapy, or decoration. Pillows are used in different variations by many species, including humans. Some types of pillows include throw pillows, body pillows, decorative pillows, and many more. Pillows that aid sleeping are a form of bedding that supports the head and neck. Other types of pillows are designed to support the body when lying down or sitting. There are also pillows that consider human body shape for increased comfort during sleep. Decorative pillows used on people, couches or chairs are sometimes referred to as cushions. In contemporary western culture, pillows consist of a plain or patterned fabric envelope (known as a pillowcase) which contains a soft stuffing, typically synthetic and typically standardized in sizes and shape. Pillows have been historically made of a variety of natural materials and many cultures continue to use pillows made from natural materials in the world. The word ''pillow'' comes f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louisiana State Act 159
Signed into law June 28, 2005, and effective August 8, 2005, Louisiana State Act No 159 found in, Louisiana RS 40:989.1, outlawed the cultivation, possession or sale of 40 named plants defined as hallucinogenic in the state of Louisiana, US. House Bill 173 of 2010 further restricted the sale and possession of herbs in the state. However, use of the plants "strictly for aesthetic, landscaping, or decorative purposes" was allowed. The list contained as many as thirty legitimate herbs of commerce which had no hallucinogenic properties. The law was amended in 2015 to allow certain herbs that had been banned by the state to again be sold in dietary supplement products. Plants The following were declared to be "hallucinogenic plants" by the bill: *''Amanita muscaria'' (a fungus, not a plant) *''Anadenanthera colubrina'' *''Anadenanthera peregrina'' *''Atropa belladonna'' *''Banisteriopsis'' spp. *''Brugmansia arborea'' *''Brunfelsia'' spp. *''Calea zacatechichi'' *'' Conocybe'' spp. (a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in free association with three Pacific Island sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City. Paleo-Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germacranolide
Germacranolides are a group of natural chemical compounds classified as sesquiterpene lactone Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are a class of sesquiterpenoids that contain a lactone ring. They are most often found in plants of the family Asteraceae (daisies, asters). Other plant families with SLs are Umbelliferae (celery, parsley, carrots) ...s. They are found in a variety of plant sources. References Sesquiterpene lactones Oxygen heterocycles {{organic-chemistry-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sesquiterpene Lactone
Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are a class of sesquiterpenoids that contain a lactone ring. They are most often found in plants of the family Asteraceae (daisies, asters). Other plant families with SLs are Umbelliferae (celery, parsley, carrots) and Magnoliaceae (magnolias). A collection of colorless, lipophilic solids, SLs are a rich source of drugs. They can be allergenic and toxic in grazing livestock causing severe neurological problems in horses. Some are also found in corals such as '' Maasella edwardsi''. Types Sesquiterpene lactones can be divided into several main classes including germacranolides, heliangolides, guaianolides, pseudoguaianolides, hypocretenolides, and eudesmanolides. Examples Artemisinin, a new, highly-effective anti-malarial compound, is a sesquiterpene lactone found in ''Artemisia annua''. Lactucin, desoxylactucin, lactucopicrin, lactucin-15-oxalate, lactucopicrin-15-oxalate are some of the most prominent found in lettuce and spinach, giving ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acacetin
Acacetin is a 4′- ''O''-methylated flavone of the parent compound apigenin, found in ''Robinia pseudoacacia ''Robinia pseudoacacia'', commonly known in its native territory as black locust, is a medium-sized hardwood deciduous tree, belonging to the tribe Robinieae of the legume family Fabaceae. It is endemic to a few small areas of the United Sta ...'' (black locust), '' Turnera diffusa'' (damiana), shows moderate aromatase inhibition, '' Betula pendula'' (silver birch), and in the fern '' Asplenium normale''. In plant synthesis the enzyme apigenin 4′-''O''-methyltransferase uses ''S''-adenosyl methionine and 5,7,4′-trihydroxyflavone (apigenin) to produce ''S''-adenosylhomocysteine and 4′-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone (acacetin). See also * Genkwanin (methoxylated apigenin) * Thevetiaflavone (methoxylated apigenin) References Aromatase inhibitors O-methylated flavones {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavones
Flavones (from Latin ''flavus'' "yellow") are a class of flavonoids based on the backbone of 2-phenylchromen-4-one (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) (as shown in the first image of this article). Flavones are common in foods, mainly from spices, and some yellow or orange fruits and vegetables. Common flavones include apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone), luteolin (3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone), tangeritin (4',5,6,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone), chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone), and 6-hydroxyflavone. Intake and elimination The estimated daily intake of flavones is about 2 mg per day. Following ingestion and metabolism, flavones, other polyphenols, and their metabolites are absorbed poorly in body organs and are rapidly excreted in the urine, indicating mechanisms influencing their presumed absence of metabolic roles in the body. Drug interactions Flavones have effects on CYP (P450) activity, which are enzymes that metabolize most drugs in the body. Biosynthesis The biosynthesis of f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calea Ternifolia
''Calea ternifolia'' ( syn. ''Calea zacatechichi'') is a species of flowering plant in the aster family, Asteraceae. It is native to Mexico and Central America. Its English language common names include bitter-grass, Mexican calea, and dream herb.Simonienko, K., et al. (2013)Psychoactive plant species – actual list of plants prohibited in Poland.''Psychiatria Polska'' XLVII(3), 499–508. It is used in traditional medicine and ritual in its native range.Ferraz, A., et al. (2009)Pharmacological and genotoxic evaluation of ''Calea clematidea'' and ''Calea uniflora''.''Latin American Journal of Pharmacy'' 28(6), 858-6/ref> Uses In Mexico the plant is used as an herbalism, herbal remedy for dysentery and fever. The Zoque Popoluca people call the plant ''tam huñi'' ("bitter gum") and use it to treat diarrhea and asthma, and the Mixe people know it as ''poop taam ujts'' ("white bitter herb") and use it for stomachache and fever. The Chontal people of Oaxaca reportedly use t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osmanthus Fragrans
''Osmanthus fragrans'' (lit. "fragrant osmanthus"; Chinese: , ''guìhuā'', and , ''mùxī''; ; Shanghainese: ''kue35 ho53''; ja, 木犀, ''mokusei''; hi, , ''silang''), variously known as sweet osmanthus, sweet olive, tea olive, and fragrant olive, is a species native to Asia from the Himalayas through South China (Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan) to Taiwan, southern Japan and Southeast Asia as far south as Cambodia and Thailand.Flora of China''Osmanthus fragrans''/ref>Flora of Pakistan''Osmanthus fragrans''/ref> In China, it is the "city flower" of the cities of Hangzhou, Zhejiang; Suzhou, Jiangsu; and Guilin, Guangxi. In Japan, it is the "city tree" of Kitanagoya, Aichi Prefecture and Beppu, Ōita Prefecture, and the "town tree" of Yoshitomi, Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture. Growth It is an evergreen shrub or small tree growing to tall. The leaves are long and broad, with an entire or finely toothed margin. The flowers are white, pale yellow, yellow, or orange-yellow, smal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Side Effect
In medicine, a side effect is an effect, whether therapeutic or adverse, that is secondary to the one intended; although the term is predominantly employed to describe adverse effects, it can also apply to beneficial, but unintended, consequences of the use of a drug. Developing drugs is a complicated process, because no two people are exactly the same, so even drugs that have virtually no side effects, might be difficult for some people. Also, it is difficult to make a drug that targets one part of the body but that does not affect other parts, the fact that increases the risk of side effects in the untargeted parts. Occasionally, drugs are prescribed or procedures performed specifically for their side effects; in that case, said side effect ceases to be a side effect and is now an intended effect. For instance, X-rays were historically (and are currently) used as an imaging technique; the discovery of their oncolytic capability led to their employ in radiotherapy (ablation o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nahuatl
Nahuatl (; ), Aztec, or Mexicano is a language or, by some definitions, a group of languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Varieties of Nahuatl are spoken by about Nahua peoples, most of whom live mainly in Central Mexico and have smaller populations in the United States. Nahuatl has been spoken in central Mexico since at least the seventh century CE. It was the language of the Aztec/ Mexica, who dominated what is now central Mexico during the Late Postclassic period of Mesoamerican history. During the centuries preceding the Spanish and Tlaxcalan conquest of the Aztec Empire, the Aztecs had expanded to incorporate a large part of central Mexico. Their influence caused the variety of Nahuatl spoken by the residents of Tenochtitlan to become a prestige language in Mesoamerica. After the conquest, when Spanish colonists and missionaries introduced the Latin alphabet, Nahuatl also became a literary language. Many chronicles, grammars, works of poetry, administrative docu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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