|
Arthoniales
The Arthoniales is the second largest order of mainly crustose lichens, but fruticose lichens are present as well. The order contains around 1500 species, while the largest order with lichenized fungi, the Lecanorales, contains more than 14000 species. Classification The Arthoniales is one of two orders of the class Arthoniomycetes within the phylum Ascomycota. The order includes seven families ( Andreiomycetacae, Arthoniaceae, Chrysotrichaceae, Lecanographaceae, Opegraphaceae, Roccellaceae and Roccellographaceae). Lecanographaceae, Roccellographaceae, Opegraphaceae and Roccellaceae are well-supported families within Arthoniales, and they were circumscribed in 2011. Andreiomycetaceae was described as a new family by Hodkinson and Lendemer in 2013. The Arthoniales is the sister group to Dothideomycetes. Figure 1. Cladogram of the Arthoniales, rooted with ''Curvularia brachyspora'', ''Cudonia circinans'' and ''Seynesia erumpens'' as the outgroup. The cladogram shows the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roccellaceae
The Roccellaceae are a family of fungi in the order Arthoniomycetes. Most taxa are lichenized with green algae, although some are lichenicolous, growing on other lichens. Genera , Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 47 genera and 266 species in family Roccellaceae. *'' Ancistrosporella'' – 3 spp. *'' Austrographa'' – 3 spp. *'' Austroroccella'' – 1 sp. *'' Baidera'' – 1 sp. *'' Chiodecton'' – ca. 22 spp. *'' Cresponea'' – 21 spp. *'' Crocellina'' – 1 sp. *'' Dendrographa'' – 7 spp. *'' Dichosporidium'' – 8 spp. *'' Diplogramma'' – 1 spp. *'' Dirina'' – 13 spp. *'' Dirinastrum'' – 2 spp. *'' Diromma'' – 1 sp. *'' Enterodictyon'' – 2 spp. * *'' Enterographa'' – (ca. 30 and 25 orphaned) *'' Erythrodecton'' – 3 spp. *'' Feigeana'' – 1 sp. *'' Follmanniella'' – 1 sp. *'' Gorgadesia'' – 1 sp. *'' Graphidastra'' – 4 spp. *'' Gyrographa'' – 3 spp. *'' Gyronactis'' – 2 spp. *'' Halographis'' – 1 sp. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opegraphaceae
''Opegraphaceae'' is a family of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi in the order Arthoniales. It was originally proposed by German lichenologist Ernst Stizenberger in 1862. It fell into disuse, but was resurrected in a molecular phylogenetic study of the order Arthoniales published in 2010. It now includes taxa that were previously referred to the family Roccellaceae, its sister group. Description Most taxa in the family have a crustose thallus, although in rare cases it is fruticose. The lichens typically grow on bark, wood, or rocks. Some members, such as those in the genus '' Fouragea'', grow on leaves. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, but is predominant in tropical and semi-arid subtropical regions. The photobiont partner of Opegraphaceae is a member of the green algal genus '' Trentepohlia''. A variety of secondary chemicals have been identified in this family. The most common types are depsides, depsidones, dibenzofurans, and anthraquinones. Genera , Spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecanographaceae
''Lecanographaceae'' is a family of mostly lichens (also some lichenicolous fungi) in the order Arthoniales. The family was circumscribed in 2014, prompted by a molecular phylogenetic-based restructuring of the Arthoniales. Description Lecanographaceae species have a crustose thallus, and lack a cortex. Their photobiont partners are a green algae in the family Trentepohliaceae. The ascomata are narrow and furrowed (lirelliform) to rounded, and there is no margin around the thallus. The hymenial disc is often exposed, and is often pruinose. The excipulum (a layer of sterile tissue that contains the hymenium) is conspicuous, dark brown, usually closed, without a thalline margin. Interascal filaments are branched or anastomosed. The asci (spore-bearing cells) are cylindrical to club shaped. The ascospores are hyaline, spindle shaped (fusiform), and feature distosepta–thin septa The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) is a regional public transportation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roccellographaceae
Roccellographaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Arthoniales. It contains three genera: '' Dimidiographa'', '' Fulvophyton'', and '' Roccellographa''. Taxonomy The family was circumscribed by Damien Ernst and Anders Tehler in 2011 after a phylogenetic study of the Arthoniales. It is named after its type genus, '' Roccellographa''. Before this publication, this genus was monotypic, containing the single species '' Roccellographa cretacea'', endemic to Socotra and Somalia. Three species have since been added to ''Roccellographa''. Genus '' Fulvophyton'' was created to contain species formerly placed in '' Sclerophyton'', but differing from the generic type by having rounded to ellipsoid, often white pruinose ascomata, and a hyaline or pale hypothecium. Genus '' Dimidiographa'' differs from other Roccellographaceae genera in having a blackened (''carbonized'') excipulum (the ring-shaped layer surrounding the hymenium). Description Members of the Roccellographac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthoniomycetes
Arthoniomycetes are a class of ascomycete fungi. It includes two orders: Arthoniales and Lichenostigmatales. Most of the taxa in these orders are tropical and subtropical lichens. Systematics Phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of this class. Dothideomycetes is a sister group. Characteristics Taxa have apothecia, cup- or saucer- shaped ascoma in which the hymenium The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some ... is exposed at maturity. These apothecia are bitunicate - with clearly differentiated inner and outer walls. References Fungus classes Lichen classes Taxa described in 1997 {{Arthoniomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthoniaceae
The Arthoniaceae are a family of lichenized, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi in the order Arthoniales. The Arthoniaceae is the largest family of Arthoniales, with around 800 species. Most species in Arthoniaceae belong in '' Arthonia'' which is the largest genus with 500 species. The second and third largest genus is '' Arthothelium'' with 80 species, and ''Cryptothecia'' with 60 species. ''Arthonia'' is the type genus of Arthoniaceae, and it is known to be a polyphyletic and paraphyletic genus. The process of splitting ''Arthonia'' into monophyletic groups is an ongoing process. In order to make ''Arthonia'' monophyletic, several genera have been described or resurrected. Distribution The species in Arthoniaceae have a worldwide distribution, but are especially prevalent in tropical areas with a Mediterranean climate. They are known from arctic to tropical latitudes, as well as variating altitudes from sea level to alpine regions, distributed in both humid forests and dry habit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andreiomycetaceae
''Andreiomyces'' is the sole genus in Andreiomycetaceae, a family in the order Arthoniales. ''Andreiomyces'' contains two lichen-forming fungi, both of which were previously classified in the genus ''Lepraria''. Taxonomy The genus and family were circumscribed in 2013 by lichenologists Brendan Hodkinson and James Lendemer following a molecular phylogenetic study of these and similar lichens. This analysis showed that two leprose lichens had been mistakenly classified in genus ''Lepraria'' because of their morphological similarity with members of this genus, but actually belonged to a new genus and family, in a different order. In this phylogenetic analysis, family Andreiomycetaceae has a sister taxon relationship with Chrysothricaceae. The generic name honours Dr. Andrei "Andy" Moroz, spouse of the second author. Description Unlike all other members of the Arthoniales, ''Andreiomyces'' has a coccoid photobiont, a thallus that is persistently sterile, and it makes obtusatic ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bactrospora
''Bactrospora'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi of uncertain familial placement in the order Arthoniales. It was circumscribed by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1852. Species *'' Bactrospora angularis'' *'' Bactrospora arthonioides'' *''Bactrospora brevispora'' *'' Bactrospora carolinensis'' *''Bactrospora cascadensis'' *'' Bactrospora corticola'' *'' Bactrospora dryina'' *'' Bactrospora flavopruinosa'' *'' Bactrospora granularis'' *''Bactrospora homalotropa'' *''Bactrospora inspersa'' *''Bactrospora lamprospora'' *''Bactrospora lecanorina'' *''Bactrospora littoralis'' *''Bactrospora medians'' *''Bactrospora metabola'' *''Bactrospora micareoides'' *''Bactrospora ochracea'' *''Bactrospora paludicola ''Bactrospora'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi of uncertain familial placement in the order Arthoniales. It was circumscribed by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1852. Species *'' Bactrospora angularis'' *'' Bactrospora arthonioides'' * ...'' *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrysothricaceae
Chrysotrichaceae is a family of lichenized fungi in the order Arthoniales. Member of this family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in tropical areas. "Chrysothrichaceae" and "Chrysothricaceae" are alternative spellings that have been used in some older publications; the latter was used by Alexander Zahlbruckner in the protologue publication. Both of these spellings are considered incorrect, and the current spelling has been formalised following a proposal for conservation of Chrysotrichaceae against Pulverariaceae (an earlier synonym). Genera * '' Byssocaulon'' – 1 sp. * ''Chrysothrix ''Chrysothrix'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Chrysothricaceae. They are commonly called gold dust lichens or sulfur dust lichens,Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, because th ...'' – ca. 18 spp. * '' Galbinothrix'' – 1 sp. * '' Melarthonis'' – 1 sp. References Arthoniomycetes Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bactrospora Brevispora - Flickr - Pellaea (1)
''Bactrospora'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi of uncertain familial placement in the order Arthoniales. It was circumscribed by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1852. Species *'' Bactrospora angularis'' *'' Bactrospora arthonioides'' *''Bactrospora brevispora'' *'' Bactrospora carolinensis'' *''Bactrospora cascadensis'' *'' Bactrospora corticola'' *'' Bactrospora dryina'' *'' Bactrospora flavopruinosa'' *'' Bactrospora granularis'' *''Bactrospora homalotropa'' *''Bactrospora inspersa'' *''Bactrospora lamprospora'' *''Bactrospora lecanorina'' *''Bactrospora littoralis'' *''Bactrospora medians'' *''Bactrospora metabola'' *''Bactrospora micareoides'' *''Bactrospora ochracea'' *''Bactrospora paludicola ''Bactrospora'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi of uncertain familial placement in the order Arthoniales. It was circumscribed by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1852. Species *'' Bactrospora angularis'' *'' Bactrospora arthonioides'' * ...'' *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angiactis
''Angiactis'' is a genus of crustose lichens of uncertain familial placement in the order Arthoniales. It has four species. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2008 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Laurens Sparrius, with '' Angiactis littoralis'' assigned as the type species. This lichen was originally described as a species of '' Lecanographa'' by Gintaras Kantvilas. The genus name ''Angiactis'' derives from the Greek ("receptacle") and ("shaped"), and refers to the thalline excipulum that covers the fruiting bodies. Description ''Angiactis'' species have a thalline exciple (rim), but lack a cortex. Their asci are of the '' Grumulosa''-type, and the ascospores are hyaline, with thick walls. The excipulum is carbonized (blackened) and does not have any reaction with a KOH solution. Species *'' Angiactis banksiae'' *'' Angiactis bermudensis'' – Bermuda ) , anthem = "God Save the King" , song_type = National song , song = " Hail to Bermuda" , image_map ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fruticose Lichen
A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as green algae or less commonly cyanobacteria and one, two or more mycobionts. Fruticose lichens are not a monophyletic and holophyletic lineage, but is a form encountered in many classes. Fruticose lichens have a complex vegetation structure, and are characterized by an ascending, bushy or pendulous appearance. As with other lichens, many fruticose lichens can endure high degrees of desiccation. They grow slowly and often occur in habitats such as on tree barks, on rock surfaces and on soils in the Arctic and mountain regions. Characteristics Fruticose lichens are lichens composed of a shrubby or bushy thallus and a holdfast. The thallus is the vegetative body of a lichen that does not have true leaves, stems, or roots. The thallus colour is affected by the algae in the lichen, compounds created by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Arthoniales")
