|
Chrysothricaceae
Chrysotrichaceae is a family of lichenized fungi in the order Arthoniales. Member of this family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in tropical areas. "Chrysothrichaceae" and "Chrysothricaceae" are alternative spellings that have been used in some older publications; the latter was used by Alexander Zahlbruckner in the protologue publication. Both of these spellings are considered incorrect, and the current spelling has been formalised following a proposal for conservation of Chrysotrichaceae against Pulverariaceae (an earlier synonym). Genera * '' Byssocaulon'' – 1 sp. * ''Chrysothrix ''Chrysothrix'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Chrysothricaceae. They are commonly called gold dust lichens or sulfur dust lichens,Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, because th ...'' – ca. 18 spp. * '' Galbinothrix'' – 1 sp. * '' Melarthonis'' – 1 sp. References Arthoniomycetes Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthoniales
The Arthoniales is the second largest order of mainly crustose lichens, but fruticose lichens are present as well. The order contains around 1500 species, while the largest order with lichenized fungi, the Lecanorales, contains more than 14000 species. Classification The Arthoniales is one of two orders of the class Arthoniomycetes within the phylum Ascomycota. The order includes seven families ( Andreiomycetacae, Arthoniaceae, Chrysotrichaceae, Lecanographaceae, Opegraphaceae, Roccellaceae and Roccellographaceae). Lecanographaceae, Roccellographaceae, Opegraphaceae and Roccellaceae are well-supported families within Arthoniales, and they were circumscribed in 2011. Andreiomycetaceae was described as a new family by Hodkinson and Lendemer in 2013. The Arthoniales is the sister group to Dothideomycetes. Figure 1. Cladogram of the Arthoniales, rooted with ''Curvularia brachyspora'', ''Cudonia circinans'' and ''Seynesia erumpens'' as the outgroup. The cladogram shows the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrysothrix
''Chrysothrix'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Chrysothricaceae. They are commonly called gold dust lichens or sulfur dust lichens,Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, because they are bright yellow to greenish-yellow, sometimes flecked with orange, and composed entirely of powdery soredia.Brodo, I. M., S. D. Sharnoff, and S. Sharnoff. 2001. Lichens of North America. Yale University Press: New Haven. Apothecia are never present in North American specimens. They grow on bark or rocks, generally in shaded habitats. They can sometimes be mistaken for sterile specimens of '' Chaenotheca'', which usually has pinhead apothecia on tiny stalks, or ''Psilolechia'', which usually has small, bright yellow apothecia. ''Chrysothrix chlorina'' was traditionally used as a brown dye for wool in Scandinavia. Uphof, J. C. T. 1959. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Hafner Publishing Co.: New York. Taxonomy The genus was circumsc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrysothrix Xanthina
''Chrysothrix xanthina'' is a widely distributed species of leprose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. It has a bright yellow to bright greenish-yellow, thin, granular thallus, and typically grows on bark, although it is infrequently found growing on rock. Taxonomy It was first scientifically described by Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Vainio in 1901 as ''Lepraria xanthina''. Klaus Kalb transferred it to the genus ''Chrysothrix'' in 2001. Kalb resurrected the species from synonymy with the lookalike '' Chrysothrix candelaris'' by virtue of its smaller granules and differences in chemistry: ''C. candelaris'' produces calycin, while ''C. xanthina'' makes pinastric acid. The granules made by ''C. xanthina'' are typically in the range 25–40 μm, while those of ''C. candelaris'' are 50–75 μm. Habitat and distribution Kalb originally considered ''Chrysothrix xanthina'' to be a tropical/subtropical species, although it is now known to have a w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Families
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
Arthoniomycetes
Arthoniomycetes are a class of ascomycete fungi. It includes two orders: Arthoniales and Lichenostigmatales. Most of the taxa in these orders are tropical and subtropical lichens. Systematics Phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of this class. Dothideomycetes is a sister group. Characteristics Taxa have apothecia, cup- or saucer- shaped ascoma in which the hymenium The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some ... is exposed at maturity. These apothecia are bitunicate - with clearly differentiated inner and outer walls. References Fungus classes Lichen classes Taxa described in 1997 {{Arthoniomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synonym (taxonomy)
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of scientific nomenclature) to the Norway spruce, which he called ''Pinus abies''. This name is no longer in use, so it is now a synonym of the current scientific name, ''Picea abies''. * In zoology, moving a species from one genus to another results in a different binomen, but the name is considered an alternative combination rather than a synonym. The concept of synonymy in zoology is reserved for two names at the same rank that refers to a taxon at that rank - for example, the name ''Papilio prorsa'' Linnaeus, 1758 is a junior synonym of ''Papilio levana'' Linnaeus, 1758, being names for different seasonal forms of the species now referred to as ''Araschnia le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conserved Name
A conserved name or ''nomen conservandum'' (plural ''nomina conservanda'', abbreviated as ''nom. cons.'') is a scientific name that has specific nomenclatural protection. That is, the name is retained, even though it violates one or more rules which would otherwise prevent it from being legitimate. ''Nomen conservandum'' is a Latin term, meaning "a name to be conserved". The terms are often used interchangeably, such as by the ''International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants'' (ICN), while the ''International Code of Zoological Nomenclature'' favours the term "''conserved name''". The process for conserving botanical names is different from that for zoological names. Under the botanical code, names may also be "suppressed", ''nomen rejiciendum'' (plural ''nomina rejicienda'' or ''nomina utique rejicienda'', abbreviated as ''nom. rej.''), or rejected in favour of a particular conserved name, and combinations based on a suppressed name are also listed as “''nom. re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Zahlbruckner
Alexander Zahlbruckner (31 May 1860, Svätý Jur – 1938, Vienna) was an Austrian- Hungarian botanist who specialized in the study of lichens. Johann Babtist Zahlbruckner, an earlier Austrian botanist, was his grandfather. From 1878 to 1883 he studied at the University of Vienna, where his instructors included Anton Kerner von Marilaun and Julius Wiesner. Afterwards, he served as a voluntary assistant to Günther Beck von Mannagetta und Lerchenau at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, where he later attained the titles of assistant curator (from 1897), curator (from 1899) and head curator (from 1912). From 1918 until his retirement in 1922, he was director of the museum's botany department. From 1920, he was member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences In retirement, he continued his studies in the field of lichenology. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropical
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to as the tropical zone and the torrid zone (see geographical zone). In terms of climate, the tropics receive sunlight that is more direct than the rest of Earth and are generally hotter and wetter as they aren't affected as much by the solar seasons. The word "tropical" sometimes refers to this sort of climate in the zone rather than to the geographical zone itself. The tropical zone includes deserts and snow-capped mountains, which are not tropical in the climatic sense. The tropics are distinguished from the other climatic and biomatic regions of Earth, which are the middle latitudes and the polar regions on either side of the equatorial zone. The tropics constitute 40% of Earth's surface area and contain 36% of Earth's landmass. , the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Arthoniales")
