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Acridoidea
Acridoidea is the largest superfamily of grasshoppers in the order Orthoptera with species found on every continent except Antarctica. Classification ''Orthoptera Species File'' includes the following families: *Acrididae MacLeay, 1821 * Dericorythidae Jacobson & Bianchi, 1905 *Lathiceridae Dirsh, 1954 *Lentulidae Dirsh, 1956 *Lithidiidae Dirsh, 1961 *Ommexechidae Bolívar, 1884 *Pamphagidae Burmeister, 1840 * Pamphagodidae Bolívar, 1884 *Pyrgacrididae Kevan, 1974 * Romaleidae Pictet & Saussure, 1887 *Tristiridae Rehn, 1906 Chromosomes Among the families Acrididae, Ommexechidae and Romaleidae there is reported to be chromosomal stability with a high frequency of species harbouring diploid number (2n) of 23♂/24♀ chromosomes. In species of Acrididae and Romaleidae it is common to have acrocentric chromosomes with a fundamental number (FN), i.e. number of chromosome arms, of 23♂/24♀. However, chromosomal rearrangements are frequently found as deviations from the standar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caelifera
The Caelifera are a suborder of orthopteran insects. They include the grasshoppers and grasshopper-like insects, as well as other superfamilies classified with them: the ground-hoppers (Tetrigoidea) and pygmy mole crickets (Tridactyloidea). The latter should not be confused with the mole crickets (Gryllotalpidae), which belong to the other Orthopteran sub-order Ensifera. The name of this suborder comes from Latin meaning ''chisel-bearing'' ("chisel" in Latin: ''caelum''), referring to the "stout" shape of its species' ovipositors. Subdivisions and their distribution The Caelifera include some 2,400 valid genera and about 12,000 known species. Many undescribed species probably exist, especially in tropical forests. The Caelifera have a predominantly tropical distribution (as with most Orthoptera) with fewer species known from temperate climate zones. Caelifera are divided into two infraorders: the more basal Tridactylidea and the Acrididea or grasshopper-like species. Thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grasshopper
Grasshoppers are a group of insects belonging to the suborder Caelifera. They are among what is possibly the most ancient living group of chewing herbivorous insects, dating back to the early Triassic around 250 million years ago. Grasshoppers are typically ground-dwelling insects with powerful hind legs which allow them to escape from threats by leaping vigorously. As hemimetabolous insects, they do not undergo complete metamorphosis; they hatch from an egg into a nymph or "hopper" which undergoes five moults, becoming more similar to the adult insect at each developmental stage. The grasshopper hears through the tympanal organ which can be found in the first segment of the abdomen attached to the thorax; while its sense of vision is in the compound eyes, the change in light intensity is perceived in the simple eyes (ocelli). At high population densities and under certain environmental conditions, some grasshopper species can change color and behavior and form swarms. Under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthoptera
Orthoptera () is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets, including closely related insects, such as the bush crickets or katydids and wētā. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – grasshoppers, locusts, and close relatives; and Ensifera – crickets and close relatives. More than 20,000 species are distributed worldwide. The insects in the order have incomplete metamorphosis, and produce sound (known as a "stridulation") by rubbing their wings against each other or their legs, the wings or legs containing rows of corrugated bumps. The tympanum, or ear, is located in the front tibia in crickets, mole crickets, and bush crickets or katydids, and on the first abdominal segment in the grasshoppers and locusts. These organisms use vibrations to locate other individuals. Grasshoppers and other orthopterans are able to fold their wings (i.e. they are members of Neoptera). Etymology The name is derived from the Greek ὀρθό ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acrididae
The AcrididaeMacLeay WS (1821) ''Horae Entomologicae or Essays on the Annulose Animals'' 2 are the predominant family of grasshoppers, comprising some 10,000 of the 11,000 species of the entire suborder Caelifera. The Acrididae are best known because all locusts (swarming grasshoppers) are of the Acrididae. The subfamily Oedipodinae is sometimes classified as a distinct family Oedipodidae in the superfamily Acridoidea. Acrididae grasshoppers are characterized by relatively short and stout antennae, and tympana on the side of the first abdominal segment. Subfamilies The ''Orthoptera Species File'' (September 2021) lists the following subfamilies of Acrididae. The numbers of genera and species are approximate and may change over time. # Acridinae MacLeay, 1821 (140 genera, 470 species), Worldwide: temperate and tropical # Calliptaminae Jacobson, 1905 (12 genera, 90 species), Africa, Europe, Asia # Caryandinae Yin & Liu, 1987 (3 genera, 100 species), Africa, Asia ## ''C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lentulidae
The LentulidaeDirsh (1956) The phallic complex in Acridoidea (Orthoptera) in relation to taxonomy. ''Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London'', vol. 108, 223-356. are a family of flightless grasshoppers found in sub-Saharan Africa. Subfamilies and Genera The ''Orthoptera Species File'' includes: Lentulinae Auth. Dirsh, 1956 *'' Altiusambilla'' Jago, 1981 *'' Bacteracris'' Dirsh, 1956 *'' Basutacris'' Dirsh, 1953 *'' Betiscoides'' Sjöstedt, 1923 *'' Chromousambilla'' Jago, 1981 *'' Devylderia'' Sjöstedt, 1923 *'' Eremidium'' Karsch, 1896 *'' Gymnidium'' Karsch, 1896 *'' Helwigacris'' Rehn, 1944 *'' Karruia'' Rehn, 1945 *''Lentula ''Lentula'' is a small genus of grasshoppers native to southern Africa. It is the type genus of the family Lentulidae. Species include: *''Lentula callani'' Dirsh, 1956 *''Lentula minuta'' Dirsh, 1956 *''Lentula obtusifrons'' Stål, 1878 *''Lent ...'' Stål, 1878 *'' Limpopoacris'' Brown, 2011 *'' Malawia'' Dirsh, 1968 *'' Mec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithidiidae
The Lithidiidae are a family of grasshoppers, in the Orthoptera: suborder Caelifera. Species in this family can be found in Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area .... Genera The ''Orthoptera Species File'' (31 March 2010) lists: * '' Eneremius'' Saussure, 1888 * '' Lithidiopsis'' Dirsh, 1956 * '' Lithidium'' Uvarov, 1925 * '' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pamphagidae
Pamphagidae is a family of grasshoppers belonging to the superfamily Acridoidea. The species in this family can be found in Africa, Europe and Asia. Subfamilies, Tribes and selected Genera The Orthoptera Species File lists the following: Akicerinae Auth.: Bolívar, 1916 – southern Africa; all genera: ;tribe Akicerini Bolívar, 1916 (monotypic) # '' Akicera'' Serville, 1831 ;''Incertae sedis'' # '' Adephagus'' Saussure, 1887 # '' Batrachornis'' Saussure, 1884 # '' Batrachotetrix'' Burmeister, 1838 # '' Eremotettix'' Saussure, 1888 Echinotropinae Auth.: Dirsh, 1961 – southern Africa; all genera: # '' Echinotropis'' Uvarov, 1944 # '' Geloiomimus'' Saussure, 1899 # '' Parageloiomimus'' Dirsh, 1961 # '' Thrincotropis'' Saussure, 1899 Pamphaginae Auth.: Burmeister, 1840 – northern Africa, Europe, W. Asia; selected genera: ;tribe Euryparyphini La Greca, 1993 * '' Eunapiodes'' Bolívar, 1907 * '' Euryparyphes'' Fischer, 1853 ;tribe Finotiini Bolívar, 1916 (monotypic) * '' Finot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tristiridae
The Tristiridae are a family of grasshoppers, in the Orthoptera: suborder Caelifera. Species in this family can be found in the Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. Along with th .... Genera The ''Orthoptera Species File'' (31 March 2010) lists: * Atacamacridinae Carbonell & A. Mesa, 1972 *** '' Atacamacris'' Carbonell & Mesa, 1972 * Tristirinae Rehn, 1906 ** Elasmoderini Cigliano, 1989 *** '' Elasmoderus'' Saussure, 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miramella Alpina
''Miramella alpina'', the 'Green Mountain Grasshopper', is a species of 'short-horned grasshoppers' belonging to the family Acrididae subfamily Melanoplinae. Subspecies * ''Miramella alpina'' var. ''alpina'' (Kollar, 1833) * ''Miramella alpina'' var. ''subalpina'' (Fischer, 1850) * ''Miramella alpina'' var. ''albanica'' Mishchenko, L.L., 1952 - ''Galvagniella albanica'' Mishchenko, L.L., 1952 * ''Miramella alpina'' var. ''collina'' (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1864) - ''Miramella alpina'' var. ''alpina'' (Kollar, 1833) Distribution This common alpine grasshopper is present in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and Switzerland. Description [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romaleidae
The Romaleidae or lubber grasshoppers are a family of grasshoppers, based on the type genus ''Romalea''. The species in this family can be found in the Americas. Tribes and selected genera The Orthoptera Species File Online database lists two subfamilies: Bactrophorinae Auth. Amédégnato, 1974;Amédégnato (1974) ''Acrida'' 3(3): 199. distribution: central and tropical South America. * Bactrophorini (Amédégnato, 1974) ** '' Andeomezentia'' Amédégnato & Poulain, 1994 ** '' Bactrophora'' Westwood, 1842 ** '' Bora'' Amédégnato & Descamps, 1979 ** '' Cristobalina'' Rehn, 1938 ** '' Hyleacris'' Amédégnato & Descamps, 1979 ** '' Mezentia'' Stål, 1878 ** '' Panamacris'' Rehn, 1938 ** '' Rhicnoderma'' Gerstaecker, 1889 ** '' Silacris'' Amédégnato & Descamps, 1979 * Ophthalmolampini (Descamps, 1977) ** '' Adrolampis'' Descamps, 1977 ** '' Aphanolampis'' Descamps, 1978 ** '' Apophylacris'' Descamps, 1983 ** '' Caenolampis'' Descamps, 1978 ** '' Chromolampis'' Descamps, 1977 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Submetacentric
The centromere links a pair of sister chromatids together during cell division. This constricted region of chromosome connects the sister chromatids, creating a short arm (p) and a long arm (q) on the chromatids. During mitosis, spindle fibers attach to the centromere via the kinetochore. The physical role of the centromere is to act as the site of assembly of the kinetochores – a highly complex multiprotein structure that is responsible for the actual events of chromosome segregation – i.e. binding microtubules and signaling to the cell cycle machinery when all chromosomes have adopted correct attachments to the spindle, so that it is safe for cell division to proceed to completion and for cells to enter anaphase. There are, broadly speaking, two types of centromeres. "Point centromeres" bind to specific proteins that recognize particular DNA sequences with high efficiency. Any piece of DNA with the point centromere DNA sequence on it will typically form a centromere if pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autosome
An autosome is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. The members of an autosome pair in a diploid cell have the same morphology, unlike those in allosome, allosomal (sex chromosome) pairs, which may have different structures. The DNA in autosomes is collectively known as atDNA or auDNA. For example, humans have a diploid human genome, genome that usually contains 22 pairs of autosomes and one allosome pair (46 chromosomes total). The autosome pairs are labeled with numbers (1–22 in humans) roughly in order of their sizes in base pairs, while allosomes are labelled with their letters. By contrast, the allosome pair consists of two X chromosomes in females or one X and one Y chromosome in males. Unusual combinations of XYY syndrome, XYY, Klinefelter syndrome, XXY, Triple X syndrome, XXX, XXXX syndrome, XXXX, XXXXX syndrome, XXXXX or XXYY syndrome, XXYY, among Aneuploidy, other Salome combinations, are known to occur and usually cause developmental abnormalities. Autosomes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
