|
Caelifera
The Caelifera are a suborder of orthopteran insects. They include the grasshoppers and grasshopper-like insects, as well as other superfamilies classified with them: the ground-hoppers (Tetrigoidea) and pygmy mole crickets (Tridactyloidea). The latter should not be confused with the mole crickets (Gryllotalpidae), which belong to the other Orthopteran sub-order Ensifera. The name of this suborder comes from Latin meaning ''chisel-bearing'' ("chisel" in Latin: ''caelum''), referring to the "stout" shape of its species' ovipositors. Subdivisions and their distribution The Caelifera include some 2,400 valid genera and about 12,000 known species. Many undescribed species probably exist, especially in tropical forests. The Caelifera have a predominantly tropical distribution (as with most Orthoptera) with fewer species known from temperate climate zones. Caelifera are divided into two infraorders: the more basal Tridactylidea and the Acrididea or grasshopper-like species. Thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grasshopper
Grasshoppers are a group of insects belonging to the suborder Caelifera. They are among what is possibly the most ancient living group of chewing herbivorous insects, dating back to the early Triassic around 250 million years ago. Grasshoppers are typically ground-dwelling insects with powerful hind legs which allow them to escape from threats by leaping vigorously. As hemimetabolous insects, they do not undergo complete metamorphosis; they hatch from an egg into a nymph or "hopper" which undergoes five moults, becoming more similar to the adult insect at each developmental stage. The grasshopper hears through the tympanal organ which can be found in the first segment of the abdomen attached to the thorax; while its sense of vision is in the compound eyes, the change in light intensity is perceived in the simple eyes (ocelli). At high population densities and under certain environmental conditions, some grasshopper species can change color and behavior and form swarms. Under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthoptera
Orthoptera () is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets, including closely related insects, such as the bush crickets or katydids and wētā. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – grasshoppers, locusts, and close relatives; and Ensifera – crickets and close relatives. More than 20,000 species are distributed worldwide. The insects in the order have incomplete metamorphosis, and produce sound (known as a "stridulation") by rubbing their wings against each other or their legs, the wings or legs containing rows of corrugated bumps. The tympanum, or ear, is located in the front tibia in crickets, mole crickets, and bush crickets or katydids, and on the first abdominal segment in the grasshoppers and locusts. These organisms use vibrations to locate other individuals. Grasshoppers and other orthopterans are able to fold their wings (i.e. they are members of Neoptera). Etymology The name is derived from the Greek ὀρθό ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ensifera
Ensifera is a suborder of insects that includes the various types of crickets and their allies including: true crickets, camel crickets, bush crickets or katydids, grigs, weta and Cooloola monsters. This and the suborder Caelifera (grasshoppers and their allies) make up the order Orthoptera. Ensifera is believed to be a more ancient group than Caelifera, with its origins in the Carboniferous period, the split having occurred at the end of the Permian period. Unlike the Caelifera, the Ensifera contain numerous members that are partially carnivorous, feeding on other insects, as well as plants. ''Ensifer'' is Latin for "sword bearer", and refers to the typically elongated and blade-like ovipositor of the females. Characteristics Characteristics shared by the two orthopteran suborders, Caelifera and Ensifera, are the mouthparts adapted for biting and chewing, the modified prothorax, the hind legs modified for jumping, the wing shape and venation, and the sound-producing stridu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tridactyloidea
Tridactyloidea is a superfamily in the order Orthoptera. The insects are sometimes known as pygmy mole crickets but they are Caelifera and not members of the mole cricket suborder Ensifera, unlike the true mole crickets, the Gryllotalpidae Mole crickets are members of the insect family Gryllotalpidae, in the order Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets). Mole crickets are cylindrical-bodied, fossorial insects about long as adults, with small eyes and shovel-like fore .... It is composed of three families that contain a total of about 50 species. Insects in this superfamily can be 4 to 9 millimeters in length and generally have short antennae and long wings. They live along the banks of bodies of water in tropical areas and are good swimmers and jumpers. Fossils of this subfamily have been found in Siberian deposits dating back to the Cretaceous. Families According to thOrthoptera Species Filethere are three families: * Cylindrachetidae Giglio-Tos, 1914: "sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tridactylidea
The infraorder Tridactylidea has a single extant superfamily which includes pygmy mole crickets; they are thought to represent living representatives of the most basal Caelifera: the Orthopteran suborder that includes grasshoppers. Superfamilies and families The infraorder consists of two superfamilies, one living and one extinct; the ''Orthoptera Species File'' lists the following: * † Dzhajloutshelloidea Gorochov, 1994 ** † Dzhajloutshellidae Gorochov, 1994 ** † Regiatidae Gorochov, 1995 * Tridactyloidea Tridactyloidea is a superfamily in the order Orthoptera. The insects are sometimes known as pygmy mole crickets but they are Caelifera and not members of the mole cricket suborder Ensifera, unlike the true mole crickets, the Gryllotalpidae ... Brullé, 1835 ** Cylindrachetidae Giglio-Tos, 1914 ** Ripipterygidae Ander, 1939 ** Tridactylidae Brullé, 1835 References External links * {{taxonbar, from=Q21060983 Caelifera Insect infraorders Taxa named ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eumastacoidea
Eumastacoidea is a superfamily within the order Orthoptera, suborder Caelifera. The family has a mainly tropical distribution and have sometimes been called "monkey grasshoppers". Description Some of the characters of the members of the superfamily are the lack of an abdominal tympanum, wings if present widen towards the tip, the antennae are short in some groups the hindlegs are spread out laterally at rest. Families The overall classification based on characteristics of the genitalia and the geographic distribution of family groups are as follows: * Family Chorotypidae ** Subfamily Chininae ** Subfamily Chorotypinae ** Subfamily Erianthinae ** Subfamily Eruciinae ** Subfamily Mnesicleinae ** Subfamily Prionacanthinae * Family Episactidae ** Subfamily Episactinae ** Subfamily Espagnolinae ** Subfamily Miraculinae * Family Eumastacidae ** Subfamily Eumastacinae ** Subfamily Gomphomastacinae ** Subfamily Masynteinae ** Subfamily Morseinae ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gryllotalpidae
Mole crickets are members of the insect family Gryllotalpidae, in the order Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets). Mole crickets are cylindrical-bodied, fossorial insects about long as adults, with small eyes and shovel-like fore limbs highly developed for burrowing. They are present in many parts of the world and where they have arrived in new regions, may become agricultural pests. Mole crickets have three life stages: eggs, nymphs, and adults. Most of their lives in these stages are spent underground, but adults have wings and disperse in the breeding season. They vary in their diet: some species are herbivores, mainly feeding on roots; others are omnivores, including worms and grubs in their diet; and a few are largely predatory. Male mole crickets have an exceptionally loud song; they sing from a burrow that opens out into the air in the shape of an exponential horn. The song is an almost pure tone, modulated into chirps. It is used to attract females, eithe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acrididae
The AcrididaeMacLeay WS (1821) ''Horae Entomologicae or Essays on the Annulose Animals'' 2 are the predominant family of grasshoppers, comprising some 10,000 of the 11,000 species of the entire suborder Caelifera. The Acrididae are best known because all locusts (swarming grasshoppers) are of the Acrididae. The subfamily Oedipodinae is sometimes classified as a distinct family Oedipodidae in the superfamily Acridoidea. Acrididae grasshoppers are characterized by relatively short and stout antennae, and tympana on the side of the first abdominal segment. Subfamilies The ''Orthoptera Species File'' (September 2021) lists the following subfamilies of Acrididae. The numbers of genera and species are approximate and may change over time. # Acridinae MacLeay, 1821 (140 genera, 470 species), Worldwide: temperate and tropical # Calliptaminae Jacobson, 1905 (12 genera, 90 species), Africa, Europe, Asia # Caryandinae Yin & Liu, 1987 (3 genera, 100 species), Africa, Asia ## ''C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acrididea
Acrididea including the Acridomorpha is an infraorder of insects that describe the grasshoppers (thus also locusts) and ground-hoppers. It contains a large majority of species in the suborder Caelifera and the taxon Acridomorpha may also be used, which excludes the Tetrigoidea. Both names are derived from older texts, such as Imms,Imms AD, rev. Richards OW & Davies RG (1970) ''A General Textbook of Entomology'' 9th Ed. Methuen 886 pp. which placed the "short-horned grasshoppers" and locusts at the family level ( Acrididae). The study of grasshopper species is called acridology. Acridomorpha The ''Orthoptera Species File'' lists the following superfamilies: most families and species belong to the Acridoidea. *Acridoidea (MacLeay, 1821) *Eumastacoidea Burr, 1899 ** Chorotypidae Stål, 1873 ** Episactidae Burr, 1899 ** Eumastacidae Burr, 1899 ** Euschmidtiidae Rehn, 1948 ** Mastacideidae Rehn, 1948 ** Morabidae Rehn, 1948 ** †Promastacidae Kevan & Wighton, 1981 ** Theric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acridoidea
Acridoidea is the largest superfamily of grasshoppers in the order Orthoptera with species found on every continent except Antarctica. Classification ''Orthoptera Species File'' includes the following families: *Acrididae MacLeay, 1821 * Dericorythidae Jacobson & Bianchi, 1905 *Lathiceridae Dirsh, 1954 *Lentulidae Dirsh, 1956 *Lithidiidae Dirsh, 1961 *Ommexechidae Bolívar, 1884 *Pamphagidae Burmeister, 1840 * Pamphagodidae Bolívar, 1884 *Pyrgacrididae Kevan, 1974 * Romaleidae Pictet & Saussure, 1887 *Tristiridae Rehn, 1906 Chromosomes Among the families Acrididae, Ommexechidae and Romaleidae there is reported to be chromosomal stability with a high frequency of species harbouring diploid number (2n) of 23♂/24♀ chromosomes. In species of Acrididae and Romaleidae it is common to have acrocentric chromosomes with a fundamental number (FN), i.e. number of chromosome arms, of 23♂/24♀. However, chromosomal rearrangements are frequently found as deviations from the standar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrigoidea
Tetrigidae is an ancient family in the order Orthoptera, which also includes similar families such as crickets, grasshoppers, and their allies. Species within the Tetrigidae are variously called groundhoppers, pygmy grasshoppers,Borror DJ, Tripplehorn CA, Johnson NF (1989) An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 6th edition. Harcourt Brace College Publishers. New York. pg 213 pygmy devils or (mostly historical) "grouse locusts".Imms AD, rev. Richards OW & Davies RG (1970) ''A General Textbook of Entomology'' 9th Ed. Methuen 886 pp. Diagnostic characteristics Tetrigidae are typically less than 20 mm in length and are recognizable by a long pronotum. This pronotum extends over the length of the abdomen, sometimes to the tip of the wings, and ends in a point. In other Orthoptera, the pronotum is short and covers neither the abdomen nor the wings. Tetrigidae are generally cryptic in coloration. Some species have enlarged pronota that mimic leaves, stones or twigs. Other chara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
