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Bretha Déin Chécht
''Bretha Déin Chécht'' (Old Irish for "Judgments of Dian Cécht") is an early Irish legal text on the law of illegal injury, detailing the fines due to the injured in a great multitude of cases. The title attributes it to the mythological physician Dian Cecht. It is the 34th text of the ''Senchas Már''. It directly follows ''Bretha Crólige'', a sister-tract on illegal injury. Manuscripts A single manuscript preserves the complete text of ''Bretha Déin Chécht'' (National Library of Ireland MS G 11), alongside three other texts from the final third of the ''Senchas Már''. D. A. Binchy edited this copy of the ''Bretha Déin Chécht'', with translation and commentary, in 1966. A number of excerpts and commentaries on it have also survived, though fewer than have survived of ''Bretha Crólige''. A purported quote from ''Bretha Déin Chécht'' in ''Bretha Étgid'' is probably a later invention. Contents ''Bretha Déin Chécht'' is the 34th text of the collection of legal texts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Irish
Old Irish, also called Old Gaelic (, Ogham, Ogham script: ᚌᚑᚔᚇᚓᚂᚉ; ; ; or ), is the oldest form of the Goidelic languages, Goidelic/Gaelic language for which there are extensive written texts. It was used from 600 to 900. The main contemporary texts are dated 700–850; by 900 the language had already transitioned into early Middle Irish. Some Old Irish texts date from the 10th century, although these are presumably copies of texts written at an earlier time. Old Irish is forebear to Modern Irish, Manx language, Manx and Scottish Gaelic. Old Irish is known for having a particularly complex system of morphology (linguistics), morphology and especially of allomorphy (more or less unpredictable variations in stems and suffixes in differing circumstances), as well as a complex phonology, sound system involving grammatically significant Irish initial mutations, consonant mutations to the initial consonant of a word. Apparently,It is difficult to know for sure, giv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Irish Legal
Early Irish law, also called Brehon law (from the old Irish word breithim meaning judge), comprised the statutes which governed everyday life in Early Medieval Ireland. They were partially eclipsed by the Norman invasion of 1169, but underwent a resurgence from the 13th until the 17th century, over the majority of the island, and survived into Early Modern Ireland in parallel with English law. Early Irish law was often mixed with Christian influence and juristic innovation. These secular laws existed in parallel, and occasionally in conflict, with canon law throughout the early Christian period. The laws were a civil rather than a criminal code, concerned with the payment of compensation for harm done and the regulation of property, inheritance and contracts; the concept of state-administered punishment for crime was foreign to Ireland's early jurists. They show Ireland in the early medieval period to have been a hierarchical society, taking great care to define social status ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dian Cecht
In Irish mythology, Dian Cécht (; also known as ''Cainte'' or ''Canta'') was the god of healing, the healer for the Tuatha Dé Danann, and son of the Dagda according to the '' Dindsenchas''. He was the father of Cu, Cethen and Cian. His other children were Miach, Airmed, Étan the poet and Ochtriullach (Octriuil). Through Cian, he is also Lugh's paternal grandfather. Etymology The name Dian Cecht may be a combination of the Old Irish common words ''dían'' 'swift' and ''cécht'', glossed as 'power', hence the literal meaning may be literally "swift power".Koch, J. T. (2006),Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia', Vols. 1-4 - p. 586. The refers to him as the "god of power", with ''cécht'' glossed as "power" (). In Old Irish, there is also the word ''cécht'' meaning 'plough-beam' (or less accurately 'ploughshare'), but this makes "little sense in the light of his activities", and this lexical meaning is "presumably not relevant". Linguistic knowledge about regular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senchas Már
''Senchas Már'' (Old Irish for "Great Tradition") is the largest collection of early Irish legal texts, compiled into a single group sometime in the 8th century, though individual tracts vary in date. These tracts were almost certainly written by a variety of authors, though some suggest that certain authors wrote more than one of the included tracts. The collection was apparently made somewhere in the north midlands. The ''Senchas Már'' tracts have been subjected to the greatest amount of glossing and commentary in later manuscripts. Moreover, one of the few examples of Old Irish glossing has been given to the various texts of ''Senchas Már''. These glosses were apparently made in Munster. The text has been arranged into thirds; three was apparently an important number to the Irish. A number of laws were grouped into threes, called ''triads''—a practice also common in the Welsh. One scholar has recently suggested that there were a number of groups of six including one sing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bretha Crólige
''Bretha Crólige'' (Old Irish for "Judgements on Blood-lyings") is an early Irish legal tract on the law of illegal injury and the institution of "sick-maintenance". It is the 33rd text in the ''Senchas Már''. It directly precedes '' Bretha Déin Chécht'', a sister-tract on illegal injury. Manuscripts A single manuscript preserves ''Bretha Crólige'' (National Library of Ireland MS G 11), alongside three other texts from the final third of the ''Senchas Már''. D. A. Binchy produced an edition of this copy, with translation and commentary, in 1938. Binchy calls this manuscript a "remarkably good copy". Other manuscripts contain fragments of the text or commentaries on it. On the basis of some internal inconsistencies, Rudolf Thurneysen suggested the existing text of ''Bretha Crólige'' was the composite of two separate texts. Binchy rejected this hypothesis. Contents ''Bretha Crólige'' deals with the law of illegal injury and the institution of "sick-maintenance" in early ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Library Of Ireland
The National Library of Ireland (NLI; ) is Ireland's national library located in Dublin, in a building designed by Thomas Newenham Deane. The mission of the National Library of Ireland is "To collect, preserve, promote and make accessible the documentary and intellectual record of the life of Ireland and to contribute to the provision of access to the larger universe of recorded knowledge." The library is a reference library and, as such, does not lend. It has a large quantity of Irish and Irish-related material which can be consulted without charge; this includes books, maps, manuscripts, music, newspapers, periodicals and photographs. Included in its collections are materials issued by private as well as government publishers. Among the library's major holdings are an archive of Irish newspapers and collections donated by individual authors or their estates. The library is also the ISSN National Centre for Ireland. The office of the Chief Herald of Ireland, the National ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bretha Étgid
''Bretha Étgid'' or ''Éitgid'' (Old Irish for "Judgments of Inadvertence") is an early Irish legal text on liability for injury. It is only fragmentarily preserved, and written in a condensed style, but is our main source for the early Irish law of accidents. A section on pica has also been noted for giving valuable insight into the lives of women in medieval Irish society. It dates to the 8th century CE. Manuscripts and editions There are seven manuscripts of ''Bretha Étgid'', none complete. Only one of these manuscripts (Royal Irish Academy, MS 23 P 3) preserves the text of ''Bretha Étgid'' in a continuous fashion; the rest only give excerpts or quotes. This continuous manuscript preserves a much less abbreviated text than appears in the quotes or excerpts. In addition to this, O'Davoren's Glossary preserves a number of quotes from ''Bretha Étgid''. D. A. Binchy described these manuscripts as using the quotes from ''Bretha Étgid'' as "pegs on which to hang voluminous co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irish Mythology
Irish mythology is the body of myths indigenous to the island of Ireland. It was originally Oral tradition, passed down orally in the Prehistoric Ireland, prehistoric era. In the History of Ireland (795–1169), early medieval era, myths were Early Irish literature, written down by Celtic Christianity, Christian scribes, who Christianized them to some extent. Irish mythology is the best-preserved branch of Celtic mythology. The myths are conventionally grouped into 'List of literary cycles, cycles'. The Mythological Cycle consists of tales and poems about the god-like Tuatha Dé Danann, who are based on Ireland's pagan deities, and other mythical races like the Fomorians. Important works in the cycle are the ''Lebor Gabála Érenn'' ("Book of Invasions"), a legendary history of Ireland, the ''Cath Maige Tuired'' ("Battle of Moytura"), and the ''Aided Chlainne Lir'' ("Children of Lir"). The Ulster Cycle consists of heroic legends relating to the Ulaid, the most important of whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuatha Dé Danann
The Tuatha Dé Danann (, meaning "the folk of the goddess Danu"), also known by the earlier name Tuath Dé ("tribe of the gods"), are a supernatural race in Irish mythology. Many of them are thought to represent deities of pre-Christian Gaelic Ireland. The Tuath Dé Danann are often depicted as kings, queens, druids, bards, warriors, heroes, healers and craftsmen who have supernatural powers. They dwell in the Otherworld but interact with humans and the human world. They are associated with the ''sídhe'': prominent ancient burial mounds such as Brú na Bóinne, which are entrances to Otherworld realms. Their traditional rivals are the Fomorians (Fomoire), who might represent the destructive powers of nature, and whom the Tuatha Dé Danann defeat in the Battle of Mag Tuired. Prominent members include the Dagda ("the great god"); The Morrígan ("the great queen" or "phantom queen"); Lugh; Nuada; Aengus; Brigid; Manannán; Dian Cecht the healer; and Goibniu the smith ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euhemerized
In the fields of philosophy and mythography, euhemerism () is an approach to the interpretation of mythology in which mythological accounts are presumed to have originated from real historical events or personages. Euhemerism supposes that historical accounts become myths as they are exaggerated in the retelling, accumulating elaborations and alterations that reflect cultural mores. It was named after the Greek mythographer Euhemerus, who lived in the late 4th century BC. In the more recent literature of myth, such as '' Bulfinch's Mythology'', euhemerism is termed the "historical theory" of mythology. Euhemerus was not the first to attempt to rationalize mythology in historical terms: euhemeristic views are found in earlier writings including those of Sanchuniathon, Xenophanes, Herodotus, Hecataeus of Abdera and Ephorus. However, the enduring influence of Euhemerus upon later thinkers such as the classical poet Ennius (b. 239 BC) and modern author Antoine Banier (b. 1673 AD) ide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Patrick
Saint Patrick (; or ; ) was a fifth-century Romano-British culture, Romano-British Christian missionary and Archbishop of Armagh, bishop in Gaelic Ireland, Ireland. Known as the "Apostle of Ireland", he is the primary patron saint of Ireland, the other patron saints being Brigid of Kildare and Columba. He is also the patron saint of Nigeria. Patrick was never formally Canonization, canonised by the Catholic Church, having lived before the current laws were established for such matters. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, the Lutheran Church, the Church of Ireland (part of the Anglican Communion), and in the Eastern Orthodox Church, where he is regarded as equal-to-apostles, equal-to-the-apostles and Enlightener of Ireland. The dates of Patrick's life cannot be fixed with certainty, but there is general agreement that he was active as a missionary in Ireland during the fifth century. A recent biography on Patrick shows a late fourth-century date for the saint i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
