Columbiana County is a

county A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposes Chambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...

located in the U.S. state of

Ohio Ohio () is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Of the List of states and territories of the United States, fifty U.S. states, it is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 34th-l ...

. As of the 2020 census, the population was 101,877.2020 census
/ref> The

county seat A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish. The term is in use in Canada, China, Hungary, Romania, Taiwan, and the United States. The equivalent term shire town is used in the US ...

Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administrative limits w ...

and its largest city is Salem. The county

name A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent. A persona ...

is derived from the explorer of the Americas,

Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus * lij, Cristoffa C(or)ombo * es, link=no, Cristóbal Colón * pt, Cristóvão Colombo * ca, Cristòfor (or ) * la, Christophorus Columbus. (; born between 25 August and 31 October 1451, died 20 May 1506) was a ...

. Columbiana County comprises the Salem, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the larger Youngstown-Warren, OH-PA Combined Statistical Area. Due to its location, Columbiana County is traditionally considered a part of

Appalachian Ohio Appalachian Ohio is a bioregion and political unit in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio, characterized by the western foothills of the Appalachian Mountains and the Appalachian Plateau. The Appalachian Regional Commission defines th ...

. While northern communities are more associated with

Northeast Ohio The region Northeast Ohio, in the US state of Ohio, in its most expansive usage contains six metropolitan areas ( Cleveland–Elyria, Akron, Canton–Massillon, Youngstown–Warren, Mansfield, and Weirton–Steubenville) along with eight ...

, southern communities generally share more in common culturally with Greater Pittsburgh and the Upper Ohio Valley. The largely rural county sits midway between the two urban clusters. Officially considered part of the Youngstown

media market A media market, broadcast market, media region, designated market area (DMA), television market area, or simply market is a region where the population can receive the same (or similar) television and radio station offerings, and may also incl ...

, the Steubenville market media stations regularly report in the area as well.

History

The principal historic Native American peoples in the area were the

Lenape The Lenape (, , or Lenape , del, Lënapeyok) also called the Leni Lenape, Lenni Lenape and Delaware people, are an indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands, who live in the United States and Canada. Their historical territory inclu ...

, Mingo, and Wyandot. The Wyandot had an encampment where the city of Salem now stands. Several important indigenous trails ran through the county, the most important being the Great Trail which ran through the southern parts of the county towards Sandusky. Throughout the second half of the 18th century, starting with Christopher Gist in 1750, American colonists explored the area as the

Ohio Company The Ohio Company, formally known as the Ohio Company of Virginia, was a land speculation company organized for the settlement by Virginians of the Ohio Country (approximately the present U.S. state of Ohio) and to trade with the Native Americ ...

surveyed.

George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of ...

, while engaged in land examinations, camped in the area of present-day East Liverpool in October 1770. In the 1780s the Native Americans relinquished control of the area, and the region was surveyed in accordance with the Land Ordinance of 1785. The ensuing Public Land Survey System of the United States started by surveyor Thomas Hutchins on north bank of the

Ohio River The Ohio River is a long river in the United States. It is located at the boundary of the Midwestern and Southern United States, flowing southwesterly from western Pennsylvania to its mouth on the Mississippi River at the southern tip of ...

in present-day East Liverpool resulted in the Seven Ranges, believed to be "the first mathematically designed system and nationally conducted cadastral survey in any modern country." The first permanent settlement in the area was in 1792 or 1793, by hunter John Quinn, who settled near present-day

Calcutta Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal, on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary business, commer ...

in St. Clair Township. Columbiana County was founded in 1803 and named in honor of

, combining his surname with the suffix -iana. It was settled early on by

Quakers Quakers are people who belong to a historically Protestant Christian set of denominations known formally as the Religious Society of Friends. Members of these movements ("theFriends") are generally united by a belief in each human's abili ...

and Scotch-Irish from

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

, but was later settled primary by

Germans , native_name_lang = de , region1 = , pop1 = 72,650,269 , region2 = , pop2 = 534,000 , region3 = , pop3 = 157,000 3,322,405 , region4 = , pop4 = ...

. The county was the scene of one of the northernmost action fought during the

American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and t ...

; on July 26, 1863 Confederate raiders under John Morgan were surrounded and captured by

Union forces Union commonly refers to: * Trade union, an organization of workers * Union (set theory), in mathematics, a fundamental operation on sets Union may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Union (band), an American rock group ** ''Un ...

at the

Battle of Salineville The Battle of Salineville occurred July 26, 1863, near Salineville, Ohio, during Morgan's Raid in the American Civil War. It was the northernmost military action involving an official command of the Confederate States Army. The Union victory sh ...

. The county was home to the largest

pottery Pottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other ceramic materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form. Major types include earthenware, stoneware and ...

industry in the world, in East Liverpool & surrounding communities, which produced more than half of the United States' annual ceramics output. Throughout East Liverpool's ceramics history, there were more than 300 potteries. Other chief industries included iron and brick making, as well as transportation via the Ohio River, Sandy and Beaver Canal, and Pennsylvania Railroad system.

Geography

According to the

U.S. Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau (USCB), officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The Census Bureau is part of the ...

, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.5%) is water.

Adjacent counties

* Mahoning County (north) * Lawrence County, Pennsylvania (northeast) * Beaver County, Pennsylvania (east) * Hancock County, West Virginia (southeast) * Jefferson County (south) * Carroll County (southwest) * Stark County (west)

Major highways

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Demographics

2000 census

As of the

census A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating information about the members of a given population. This term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses inc ...

of 2000, there were 112,075 people, 42,973 households, and 30,682 families residing in the county. The

population density Population density (in agriculture: standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term.Matt RosenberPopu ...

was 210 people per square mile (81 per km²). There were 46,083 housing units at an average density of 86 per square mile (33/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 96.43%

White White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no hue). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully reflect and scatter all the visible wavelengths of light. White ...

, 2.20%

Black Black is a color which results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without hue, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness. Black and white ha ...

African American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of ens ...

, 0.18% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.02%

Pacific Islander Pacific Islanders, Pasifika, Pasefika, or rarely Pacificers are the peoples of the Pacific Islands. As an ethnic/ racial term, it is used to describe the original peoples—inhabitants and diasporas—of any of the three major subregions of O ...

, 0.15% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. 1.17% of the population were

Hispanic The term ''Hispanic'' ( es, hispano) refers to people, cultures, or countries related to Spain, the Spanish language, or Hispanidad. The term commonly applies to countries with a cultural and historical link to Spain and to viceroyalties for ...

or Latino of any race. 24.0% were of

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

, 12.9%

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ...

, 12.8%

American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, pe ...

, 12.3% Irish and 9.3% Italian ancestry according to Census 2000. There were 42,973 households, out of which 31.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.10% were

married couples Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognized union between people called spouses. It establishes rights and obligations between them, as well as between them and their children, and between ...

living together, 10.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.60% were non-families. 24.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.00. In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.30% under the age of 18, 7.80% from 18 to 24, 28.60% from 25 to 44, 24.20% from 45 to 64, and 15.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 98.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.60 males. The median income for a household in the county was $34,226, and the median income for a family was $40,486. Males had a median income of $32,134 versus $20,331 for females. The

per capita income Per capita income (PCI) or total income measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. It is calculated by dividing the area's total income by its total population. Per capita i ...

for the county was $16,655. About 9.00% of families and 11.50% of the population were below the

poverty line The poverty threshold, poverty limit, poverty line or breadline is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. The poverty line is usually calculated by estimating the total cost of one year's worth of necessities for ...

, including 16.20% of those under age 18 and 8.40% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the

2010 United States Census The United States census of 2010 was the twenty-third United States national census. National Census Day, the reference day used for the census, was April 1, 2010. The census was taken via mail-in citizen self-reporting, with enumerators serving ...

, there were 107,841 people, 42,683 households, and 29,101 families residing in the county. The population density was . There were 47,088 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 95.5% white, 2.2% black or African American, 0.3% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.2% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 29.2% were

, 17.7% were Irish, 14.6% were

, 9.1% were Italian, and 7.6% were

. Of the 42,683 households, 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.4% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 31.8% were non-families, and 26.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.92. The median age was 42.3 years. The median income for a household in the county was $39,502 and the median income for a family was $48,948. Males had a median income of $39,614 versus $27,179 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,635. About 12.1% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the

, including 25.6% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.

Politics

Unlike most counties in

, Columbiana County has been predominantly Republican throughout most of its history. In only eight elections from 1856 to the present has a Democratic Party candidate won the county, the most recent being

Bill Clinton William Jefferson Clinton (né Blythe III; born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He previously served as governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and again ...

in 1996. Despite this, the county was a swing county in the latter half of the 20th century, voting for the national winner in all but two elections from 1952 to 2004. However, it has trended strongly Republican in recent elections, with the party's candidates garnering increasing amounts of the vote in each presidential election from 2000 on. This trend was most apparent in 2016 when

Donald Trump Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021. Trump graduated from the Wharton School of the University of P ...

posted the best showing by a Republican in the county since

Herbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 and a member of the Republican Party, holding office during the onset of the Gre ...

in 1928 with a 41.4 point margin of victory over

Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician, diplomat, and former lawyer who served as the 67th United States Secretary of State for President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013, as a United States sen ...

Government

File:Seal of Columbiana County (Ohio) Auditor.svg, Seal of the Columbiana County Auditor File:Seal of Columbiana County (Ohio) Board of Commissioners.svg, Seal of the Columbiana County Board of Commissioners File:Seal of Columbiana County (Ohio) Board of Elections.svg, Seal of the Columbiana County Board of Elections File:Seal of Columbiana County (Ohio) Common Pleas Court.svg, Seal of the Common Pleas Court of Columbiana County File:Seal of Columbiana County (Ohio) Court House.svg, Seal of the Columbiana County Court House File:Seal of Columbiana County (Ohio) Recorder.svg, Seal of the Columbiana County Recorder File:Seal of Columbiana County (Ohio) Treasurer.svg, Seal of the Columbiana County Treasurer

County commissioners

County officials

Judgeships

Ohio House of Representatives

Ohio State Senate

United States House of Representatives

United States Senate

Education

Colleges and universities

* Allegheny Wesleyan College *

Kent State University at East Liverpool Kent State University at East Liverpool (Kent State East Liverpool) is a satellite campus of Kent State University in East Liverpool, Ohio. Administered with Kent State University at Salem as part of Kent State University Columbiana County, Kent S ...

* Kent State University at Salem

Community, junior, and technical colleges

* Columbiana County Career and Technical Center *East Ohio College * New Castle School of Trades

Public school districts

* Alliance City School District * Beaver Local School District *

Columbiana Exempted Village School District Columbiana may refer to: Taxonomy In botany: * ''Arctostaphylos columbiana'' or hairy manzanita, a plant species native to North America * '' Calatola columbiana'', a species of plant in the family Icacinaceae endemic to Colombia * '' Clematis col ...

* Crestview Local School District *

East Liverpool City School District The East Liverpool City School District is a public school district serving the communities of East Liverpool, La Croft, Glenmoor, and Liverpool Township in southeastern Columbiana County in the U.S. state of Ohio Ohio () is a state in ...

East Palestine City School District The East Palestine City School District is a public school district serving East Palestine and parts of surrounding Middleton and Unity townships in northeastern Columbiana County in Ohio, in the United States. It also includes Negley and a s ...

* Leetonia Exempted Village School District * Lisbon Exempted Village School District *

Minerva Local School District Minerva Local School District is a rural public school district serving students in the tri-county area between Columbiana, Carroll, and Stark counties, and the village of Minerva, also a part of Paris township. The district is made up of 3 scho ...

* Salem City School District *

Southern Local School District Southern may refer to: Businesses * China Southern Airlines, airline based in Guangzhou, China * Southern Airways, defunct US airline * Southern Air, air cargo transportation company based in Norwalk, Connecticut, US * Southern Airways Express, ...

* United Local School District * Wellsville Local School District * West Branch Local School District

High schools

Beaver Local High School Beaver Local High School is a public high school near East Liverpool, Ohio, United States. It is the only secondary school in the Beaver Local School District, and serves the communities of Calcutta, Lake Tomahawk, and Rogers in southeastern Co ...

* Columbiana High School * Crestview High School * David Anderson Junior/Senior High School *

East Liverpool Junior/Senior High School East Liverpool Junior/Senior High School is a public high school in East Liverpool, Ohio, United States. It is the only secondary school in the East Liverpool City School District, serving the city and surrounding Glenmoor, La Croft and Liverp ...

* East Palestine High School * Leetonia High School * Salem High School *

Southern Local Junior/Senior High School Southern Local Junior/Senior High School is a public high school near Salineville, Ohio, United States. It is the only secondary school in the Southern Local School District. Athletic teams compete as the Southern Local Indians in the Ohio High Sc ...

* United High School * Wellsville Junior/Senior High School

Private schools

* Heartland Christian School – Columbiana *East Liverpool Christian School – Glenmoor *St. Paul Elementary School – Salem

Communities

Cities

* Columbiana * East Liverpool * Salem

Villages

* East Palestine * Hanoverton * Leetonia *

(county seat) *

Minerva Minerva (; ett, Menrva) is the Roman goddess of wisdom, justice, law, victory, and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy. Minerva is not a patron of violence such as Mars, but of strategic war. From the second century BC onward, the R ...

* New Waterford *

Rogers Rogers may refer to: Places Canada *Rogers Pass (British Columbia) * Rogers Island (Nunavut) United States * Rogers, Arkansas, a city * Rogers, alternate name of Muroc, California, a former settlement * Rogers, Indiana, an unincorporated communit ...

* Salineville * Summitville * Washingtonville * Wellsville

Townships

* Butler * Center * Elkrun * Fairfield * Franklin *

Hanover Hanover (; german: Hannover ; nds, Hannober) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony. Its 535,932 (2021) inhabitants make it the 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-largest city in Northern Germany ...

* Knox *

Liverpool Liverpool is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the List of English districts by population, 10th largest English district by population and its E ...

Madison Madison may refer to: People * Madison (name), a given name and a surname * James Madison (1751–1836), fourth president of the United States Place names * Madison, Wisconsin, the state capital of Wisconsin and the largest city known by this ...

* Middleton * Perry * Salem * St. Clair *

Unity Unity may refer to: Buildings * Unity Building, Oregon, Illinois, US; a historic building * Unity Building (Chicago), Illinois, US; a skyscraper * Unity Buildings, Liverpool, UK; two buildings in England * Unity Chapel, Wyoming, Wisconsin, US; a ...

Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered o ...

* Wayne *

West West or Occident is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east and is the direction in which the Sun sets on the Earth. Etymology The word "west" is a Germanic word passed into some ...

* Yellow Creek https://web.archive.org/web/20160715023447/http://www.ohiotownships.org/township-websites

Census-designated places

Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...

* East Rochester * Glenmoor * Homeworth * La Croft * Lake Tomahawk * Negley * Salem Heights

Unincorporated communities

* Achor *

Bayard Bayard may refer to: People *Bayard (given name) * Bayard (surname) *Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard (1473–1524) French knight Places * Bayard, Delaware, an unincorporated community * Bayard (Jacksonville), Florida, a neighborhood * Bayard ...

* Cannons Mill *

Chambersburg Chambersburg is a borough in and the county seat of Franklin County, in the South Central region of Pennsylvania, United States. It is in the Cumberland Valley, which is part of the Great Appalachian Valley, and north of Maryland and the Ma ...

* Clarkson * Dungannon * East Carmel * East Fairfield * Elkton * Franklin Square * Fredericktown * Gavers *

Glasgow Glasgow ( ; sco, Glesca or ; gd, Glaschu ) is the most populous city in Scotland and the fourth-most populous city in the United Kingdom, as well as being the 27th largest city by population in Europe. In 2020, it had an estimated popu ...

* Guilford *

Highlandtown Highlandtown is a neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Description and history The area currently known as Highlandtown was established in 1866 when the area known as "Snake Hill" was established as a village outside the Baltimor ...

* Kensington * Lynchburg * Middleton *

Mill Rock Mill Rock is a small uninhabited island between Manhattan and Queens in New York City. It lies about off Manhattan's East 96th Street, south of Randalls and Wards Islands, where the East River and Harlem River converge. Mill Rock is located a ...

* Millport * Moultrie * New Alexander * New Garden * New Middleton * New Salisbury * North Georgetown *

Reading Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of letters, symbols, etc., especially by sight or touch. For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spell ...

* Signal * Teegarden * Unionville *

Valley A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains, which will typically contain a river or stream running from one end to the other. Most valleys are formed by erosion of the land surface by rivers or streams ove ...

* West Point * Williamsport *

Winona Winona, Wynona or Wynonna may refer to: Places Canada * Winona, Ontario United States * Winona, Arizona * Winona, Indiana * Winona Lake, Indiana * Winona, Kansas * Winona, Michigan * Winona County, Minnesota ** Winona, Minnesota, the seat of ...

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Columbiana County. * ''majority of municipality in Columbiana County''
** ''minority of municipality in Columbiana County''
† ''county seat''

Notable residents

* Harvey Firestone, businessman and founder of the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company * William M. Fogo, Wisconsin legislator and newspaper editor * Mark Hanna,

U.S. senator The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and power ...

from Ohio; grew up in

* Ammon Hennacy,

Christian anarchist Christian anarchism is a Christian movement in political theology that claims anarchism is inherent in Christianity and the Gospels. It is grounded in the belief that there is only one source of authority to which Christians are ultimately ans ...

; grew up in Negley *

Lou Holtz Louis Leo Holtz (born January 6, 1937) is an American former football player, coach, and analyst. He served as the head football coach at The College of William & Mary (1969–1971), North Carolina State University (1972–1975), the New Yo ...

, former college football coach; grew up in East Liverpool * Robert Justice, early Ohio statesman *

William McKinley William McKinley (January 29, 1843September 14, 1901) was the 25th president of the United States, serving from 1897 until his assassination in 1901. As a politician he led a realignment that made his Republican Party largely dominant in t ...

, 25th president of the United States; grew up in

William Ralston William "Billy" Chapman Ralston (January 12, 1826 – August 27, 1875) was a San Francisco businessman and financier, and the founder of the Bank of California. Biography William Chapman Ralston was born at Wellsville, Ohio, son of Robert Ralsto ...

, who founded the Bank of California and became for a time the richest man in California; born in Columbiana County *

Clement Vallandigham Clement Laird Vallandigham ( ; July 29, 1820 – June 17, 1871) was an American politician and leader of the Copperhead faction of anti-war Democrats during the American Civil War. He served two terms for Ohio's 3rd congressional district in t ...

, Copperhead leader; born and lived for several years in

Derek Wolfe Derek Wolfe (born February 24, 1990) is a former American football defensive end and a current sports radio host. He played college football at the University of Cincinnati and was selected 36th overall by the Denver Broncos in the 2012 NFL Dr ...

, NFL defensive end for the

Baltimore Ravens The Baltimore Ravens are a professional American football team based in Baltimore, Maryland. The Ravens compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) North division. The team plays its ...

; grew up in Negley

References

External links

Official Columbiana County website
{{coord, 40.77, -80.78, display=title, type:adm2nd_region:US-OH_source:UScensus1990 Appalachian Ohio Counties of Appalachia Ohio counties on the Ohio River 1803 establishments in Ohio Populated places established in 1803