Petah Tikva ( he, פֶּתַח תִּקְוָה, , ), also known as ''Em HaMoshavot'' (), is a city in the Central District of Israel, east of Tel Aviv. It was founded in 1878, mainly by Haredi Jews of the Old Yishuv, and became a permanent settlement in 1883 with the financial help of Baron Edmond de Rothschild. In , the city had a population of . Its population density is approximately . Its jurisdiction covers 35,868

dunam A dunam ( Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: ; tr, dönüm; he, דונם), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area equivalent to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amount ...

s (~35.9 km² or 15 sq mi). Petah Tikva is part of the

Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area Gush Dan ( he, גּוּשׁ דָּן, ''lit.'' "Dan bloc") or Tel Aviv metropolitan area ( he, מֶטְרוֹפּוֹלִין תֵּל אָבִיב) is a conurbation in Israel, located along the country's Mediterranean coastline. There is no sing ...

Etymology

Petah Tikva takes its name (meaning "Door of Hope") from the biblical allusion in Hosea 2:15: "... and make the valley of Achor a door of hope." The Achor Valley, near

Jericho Jericho ( ; ar, أريحا ; he, יְרִיחוֹ ) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank. It is located in the Jordan Valley, with the Jordan River to the east and Jerusalem to the west. It is the administrative seat of the Jericho Gove ...

, was the original proposed location for the town. The city and its inhabitants are sometimes known by the nickname "Mlabes" after the Arab village preceding the town. (See "Ottoman era" under "History" below.)

History

Tell Mulabbis, an archaeological mound in modern Petah Tikva, is an important archaeological site from the

Yarkon River The Yarkon River, also Yarqon River or Jarkon River ( he, נחל הירקון, ''Nahal HaYarkon'', ar, نهر العوجا, ''Nahr al-Auja''), is a river in central Israel. The source of the Yarkon ("Greenish" in Hebrew) is at Tel Afek (Antip ...

basin, with habitation remains from the Roman, Byzantine, Early Islamic, Crusader, Mamluk and Late Ottoman periods. The place was inhabited sporadically, and was known in Arabic as Mulabbis.

Crusader and Mamluk periods

Khirbat Mulabbis is believed to have been built on the site of the Crusader village of ''Bulbus'', an identification proposed in the nineteenth century by French scholar fr. A Crusader source from 1133 CE states that the

Count of Jaffa Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: ...

granted the land to the Hospitaller order, including “the mills of the three bridges” (“des moulins des trios ponts”). In 1478 CE (AH 883), the Mamluk

Sultan of Egypt Sultan of Egypt was the status held by the rulers of Egypt after the establishment of the Ayyubid dynasty of Saladin in 1174 until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. Though the extent of the Egyptian Sultanate ebbed and flowed, it generally i ...

, Qaitbay, endowed a quarter of the revenues of Mulabbis to two newly established institutions: Madrasa Al-Ashrafiyya in Jerusalem, and a mosque in Gaza.

Ottoman period

Mulabbis

It has been suggested that Mulabbis was "Milus", a village with 42

Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...

households, mentioned in the Ottoman tax records in 1596. The village appeared under the name of "Melebbes" on Jacotin's map drawn up during

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

's invasion in 1799, and shows up as "el Mulebbis" on Kiepert's map of Palestine, published in 1856. Following the invasion of the Levant by Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt (1831-1841), the village was repopulated by Egyptian emigrants belonging to the Abu Hamed al-Masri clan, as part of a wider wave of migration that settled in Palestine's coastal lowlands.Marom
The village of Mulabbis
, Cathedra 176, 2020, pp. 48-64. In 1870, Victor Guérin noted that "Melebbes" was a small village with 140 inhabitants, surrounded by fields of watermelon and tobacco. An Ottoman village list from about the same year showed that "Mulebbes" had 43 houses and a population of 125, though the population count included men only. It was also noted that the village was located on a hill, ("Auf einer Anhöhe"), 2 3/4 hours northeast of

Jaffa Jaffa, in Hebrew Yafo ( he, יָפוֹ, ) and in Arabic Yafa ( ar, يَافَا) and also called Japho or Joppa, the southern and oldest part of Tel Aviv-Yafo, is an ancient port city in Israel. Jaffa is known for its association with the b ...

. The

Palestine Exploration Fund The Palestine Exploration Fund is a British society based in London. It was founded in 1865, shortly after the completion of the Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem, and is the oldest known organization in the world created specifically for the study ...

's Survey of Western Palestine visited "Mulebbis" in 1874 and described it as "a similar

mud A MUD (; originally multi-user dungeon, with later variants multi-user dimension and multi-user domain) is a Multiplayer video game, multiplayer Time-keeping systems in games#Real-time, real-time virtual world, usually Text-based game, text-bas ...

village s Al-Mirr">Al-Mirr.html" ;"title="s Al-Mirr">s Al-Mirr with a well">Al-Mirr">s_Al-Mirr<_a>.html" ;"title="Al-Mirr.html" ;"title="s Al-Mirr">s Al-Mirr">Al-Mirr.html" ;"title="s Al-Mirr">s Al-Mirr with a well." Following the sale of Mulabbis' lands to Jewish entrepreneurs, its residents dispersed in neighboring villages like Jaljulia and

Fajja Fajja ( ar, فجّة) was a Palestinian town located 15 kilometers northeast of Jaffa. Depopulated and destroyed during the Arab-Israeli war, its land area is today part of the Israeli city of Petah Tikva. History Pottery remains from the Chalco ...

Petah Tikva

Petah Tikva was founded in 1878 by Haredi Jewish pioneers from Europe, among them

Yehoshua Stampfer Yehoshua Stampfer (born 8 June 1852, Komárno – died 4 July 1908; he, יהושע שטַמפּפֶר) was one of the founders of the city of Petah Tikva in Israel. He was a member of its first municipal council. Biography Yehoshua Stampfer w ...

, Moshe Shmuel Raab,

Yoel Moshe Salomon Joel or Yoel is a name meaning "Yahweh Is God" and may refer to: * Joel (given name), origin of the name including a list of people with the first name. * Joel (surname), a surname * Joel (footballer, born 1904), Joel de Oliveira Monteiro, Brazili ...

, Zerach Barnett, and David Gutmann, as well as

Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...

n Rabbi Aryeh Leib Frumkin who built the first house. It was the first modern Jewish agricultural settlement in Ottoman Southern Syria (hence its nickname as "Mother of the

Moshavot A moshava ( he, מושבה, plural: ''moshavot'' , lit. ''colony'') was a form of rural Jewish settlement in Ottoman Palestine, established by the members of the Old Yishuv since late 1870s and during the first two waves of Jewish Zionist im ...

"). Originally intending to establish a new settlement in the Achor Valley, near

, the pioneers purchased land in that area. However, Abdülhamid II cancelled the purchase and forbade them from settling there, but they retained the name Petah Tikva as a symbol of their aspirations. In 1878 the founders of Petah Tikva learned of the availability of land northeast of

near the village of Mulabes (or Umlabes). The land was owned by two

Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...

businessmen from Jaffa, Antoine Bishara Tayan and Selim Qassar, and was worked by some thirty tenant farmers. Tayan's property was the larger, some 8,500 dunams, but much of it was in the malarial swamp of the Yarkon Valley. Qassar's property, approximately 3,500 dunams, lay a few kilometers to the south of the Yarkon, away from the swampland. It was Qassar's that was purchased on July 30, 1878. Tayan's holdings were purchased when a second group of settlers, known as the Yarkonim, arrived in Petah Tikva the following year.

Ottoman Sultan The sultans of the Ottoman Empire ( tr, Osmanlı padişahları), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922. At its hei ...

Abdul Hamid II Abdülhamid or Abdul Hamid II ( ota, عبد الحميد ثانی, Abd ül-Hamid-i Sani; tr, II. Abdülhamid; 21 September 1842 10 February 1918) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 31 August 1876 to 27 April 1909, and the last sultan to ...

allowed the purchase because of the poor quality of the land. A malaria epidemic broke out in 1880, forcing the abandonment of the settlements on both holdings. Those who remained in the area moved south to Yehud. After Petah Tikva was reoccupied by

Bilu Bilu may refer to: People * Bilú (footballer, 1900-1965), Virgílio Pinto de Oliveira, Brazilian football manager and former centre-back * Asher Bilu (born 1936), Australian artist * Bilú (footballer, born 1974), Luciano Lopes de Souza, Brazi ...

immigrants in 1883 some of the original families returned. With funding for swamp drainage provided by Baron Edmond de Rothschild, the colony became more stable. Upon learning that the Austrian post office in Jaffa wanted to open a branch in Petah Tikva, Yitzchak Goldenhirsch, an early resident, offered his assistance on condition that the Austrian consulate issued a Hebrew stamp and a special postmark for Petah Tikva. The stamp was designed by an unknown artist featuring a plow, green fields and a blossoming orange tree. The price was 14 paras (a Turkish coin) and displayed the name 'Petah Tikva' in Hebrew letters. David Ben Gurion (then known as David Grün) lived in Petah Tikva for a few months on his arrival in

Palestine __NOTOC__ Palestine may refer to: * State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia * Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia * Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East ...

in 1906. It had a population of around 1000, half of them farmers. He found occasional work in the orange groves. But he soon caught malaria and his doctor recommended he return to Europe. The following year, after moving to

, he set up a Jewish workers organisation in Petah Tikva. During the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I, Petah Tikva served as a refugee town for residents of Tel Aviv and

, following their exile by the Ottoman authorities. The town suffered heavily as it lay between the Ottoman and British fronts during the war.

British Mandate era (1917–1948)

In the early 1920s, industry began to develop in the Petah Tikva region. In 1921, Petah Tikva was granted local council status by the British authorities. In May 1921 Petah Tikva was the target of an Arab attack, which left four of its Jewish inhabitants dead - an extension of the Jaffa riots of 1921. In 1927, Petah Tikva concluded a local peace treaty with the Arabs living nearby (see photo); subsequently, Petah Tikva was untouched by the

1929 Palestine riots The 1929 Palestine riots, Buraq Uprising ( ar, ثورة البراق, ) or the Events of 1929 ( he, מאורעות תרפ"ט, , ''lit.'' Events of 5689 Anno Mundi), was a series of demonstrations and riots in late August 1929 in which a longst ...

. According to the

1922 census of Palestine The 1922 census of Palestine was the first census carried out by the authorities of the British Mandate of Palestine, on 23 October 1922. The reported population was 757,182, including the military and persons of foreign nationality. The divisi ...

conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Petah Tikva had a total population of 3,032; 3,008 Jews, 22 Muslims and 2 Orthodox Christians. In the 1931 census the population had increased to 6,880 inhabitants, in 1,688 houses.Mills, 1932, p
14
/ref> In 1937 it was recognized as a city. Its first mayor,

Shlomo Stampfer Shlomo (, Polish: Szlomo, Szlama, Szlamek, Szloma), meaning "peaceable", is a common Hebrew male given name. The following individuals are often referred to only by the name Shlomo: * Solomon, king of ancient Israel, according to various religiou ...

, was the son of one of its founders,

. Petah Tikva, a center of citrus farming, was considered by both the British government and the Jaffa Electric Company as a potentially important consumer of electricity for irrigation. The Auja Concession, which was granted to the Jaffa Electric Company on 1921, specifically referred to the relatively large Jewish settlement of Petah-Tikva. But it was only in late 1929 that the company submitted an irrigation scheme for Petah-Tikva, and it was yet to be approved by the government in 1930. In 1931 Ben Gurion wrote that Petah Tikva had 5000 inhabitants and employed 3000 Arab labourers. In the 1930s, the pioneering founders of Kibbutz Yavneh from the

Religious Zionist movement Religious Zionism ( he, צִיּוֹנוּת דָּתִית, Romanization of Hebrew, translit. ''Tziyonut Datit'') is an ideology that combines Zionism and Orthodox Judaism. Its adherents are also referred to as ''Dati Leumi'' ( "National Religiou ...

immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine, settling near Petah Tikva on land purchased by a Jewish-owned German company. Refining the agricultural skills they learned in Germany, these pioneers began in 1941 to build their kibbutz in its intended location in the south of Israel, operating from Petah Tikva as a base. File:13-16-PetahTiqva-1928.jpg, Petah Tiqva 1928 1:20,000 File:Petah Tiqva 1945.jpg, Petah Tiqva 1945 1:250,000

State of Israel (1948-)

1948 Arab–Israeli War and aftermath

After the

1948 Arab–Israeli War The 1948 (or First) Arab–Israeli War was the second and final stage of the 1948 Palestine war. It formally began following the end of the British Mandate for Palestine at midnight on 14 May 1948; the Israeli Declaration of Independence had ...

, Petah Tikva took over all of the lands of the newly depopulated Palestinian village of

.Khalidi, 1992, p. 240

Israeli–Palestinian conflict

The city has suffered a series of attacks in the 21st century as a result of the ongoing regional conflict. During the

Second Intifada The Second Intifada ( ar, الانتفاضة الثانية, ; he, האינתיפאדה השנייה, ), also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada ( ar, انتفاضة الأقصى, label=none, '), was a major Palestinian uprising against Israel. ...

, Petah Tikva suffered three terrorist attacks: On May 27, 2002, a suicide bomber blew himself up at a small cafe outside a shopping mall, leaving two dead, including a baby; on December 25, 2003, a suicide bomber blew himself up at a bus stop near the Geha bridge, killing 4 civilians, and on February 5, 2006, a Palestinian got into a shuttle taxi, pulled out a knife, and began stabbing passengers killing two of them, but a worker from a nearby factory hit him with a log, subduing him.

Urban development

After the creation of the State of Israel in 1948, several adjoining villages – Amishav and

Ein Ganim Ein Ganim ( he, עין גנים) was the first ''moshav po'alim'' ("workers' moshav") in Ottoman Palestine. The moshav was established in 1908 near Petah Tikva by members of the Second Aliyah and was named after the Levitical city of Ein Ganim ...

to the east (named after the biblical village (Joshua 15:34)), Kiryat Matalon to the west, towards

Bnei Brak Bnei Brak or Bene Beraq ( he, בְּנֵי בְּרַק ) is a city located on the central Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean Israeli coastal plain, coastal plain in Israel, just east of Tel Aviv. A center of Haredi Judaism, Bnei Brak covers an are ...

, Kfar Ganim and Mahaneh Yehuda to the south and

Kfar Avraham Kfar Avraham ( he, כפר אברהם) was a moshav founded by Hapoel HaMizrachi organization in March 1932. Kfar Avraham officially became part of Petah Tikva in 1952 and is today a neighborhood in the northern part of the city. History In 19 ...

on the north – were merged into the municipal boundaries of Petah Tikva, boosting its population to 22,000. As of 2018, with a population of over 240,000 inhabitants, Petah Tikva is the third most populous city in the

("Gush Dan"). Petah Tikva is divided into 33 neighborhoods for municipal purposes.

Economy

Petah Tikva is the second-largest industrial sector in Israel after the northern city of Haifa. The industry is divided into three zones—Kiryat Aryeh (named after Aryeh Shenkar, founder and first president of the Manufacturers Association of Israel and a pioneer in the Israeli textile industry), Kiryat Matalon (named after Moshe Yitzhak Matalon), and Segula, and includes textiles, metalwork, carpentry, plastics, processed foods, tires and other rubber products, and soap. Numerous

high-tech High technology (high tech), also known as advanced technology (advanced tech) or exotechnology, is technology that is at the cutting edge: the highest form of technology available. It can be defined as either the most complex or the newest te ...

companies and start-ups have moved into the industrial zones of Petah Tikva, which now house the Israeli headquarters for the

Oracle Corporation Oracle Corporation is an American multinational computer technology corporation headquartered in Austin, Texas. In 2020, Oracle was the third-largest software company in the world by revenue and market capitalization. The company sells da ...

, IBM, Intel, Alcatel-Lucent,

ECI Telecom ECI Telecom Ltd is an Israel-based manufacturer of telecommunications equipment that provides packet optical transport products, software-defined networking applications, cybersecurity and professional services. History The Electronics Corpora ...

, and

GlaxoSmithKline GSK plc, formerly GlaxoSmithKline plc, is a British multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company with global headquarters in London, England. Established in 2000 by a merger of Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham. GSK is the ten ...

Pharmaceuticals. The largest

data center A data center (American English) or data centre (British English)See spelling differences. is a building, a dedicated space within a building, or a group of buildings used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunic ...

in Israel, operated by the company TripleC, is also located in Petah Tikva. Furthermore, the Israeli

Teva Teva is the Hebrew word for nature ( he, טבע, "nature"). Teva may refer to: Companies * Teva Footwear, American footwear manufacturer * Teva Naot, Israeli footwear manufacturer * Teva Pharmaceuticals, Israeli multinational pharmaceutical com ...

company, the world's largest generic drug manufacturer, is headquartered in Petah Tikva. One of Israel's leading food processing corporations, Osem opened in Petah Tikva in 1976 and has since been joined by the company's administrative offices, distribution center and sauce factory. Strauss is also based in Petach Tikva. Over time, the extensive citrus groves that once ringed Petah Tikva have disappeared as real-estate developers acquired the land for construction projects. Many new neighborhoods are going up in and around Petah Tikva. A quarry for building stone is located east of Petah Tikva. As well as general hi-tech firms, Petah Tikva has developed a position as a base for many communications firms. As such, the headquarters of the Bezeq International international phone company is located in the Kiryat Matalon industrial zone as are those of the

012 Smile Partner Communications Company Ltd. ( he, חברת פרטנר תקשורת בע"מ) doing business as Partner ( he, פרטנר), formerly known as Orange Israel ( he, אורנג' ישראל), is a mobile network operator, internet Wi-Fi, fixed te ...

Internet Service Provider. The headquarters of

Tadiran Telecom Tadiran Telecom (TTL) L.P., is a privately held Israeli Unified Communications and Collaboration (UC&C) company, providing UC&C systems globally. TTL is owned by Afcon Industries, which in turn is controlled by the Shlomo Group (TASE:SHLD), ...

are in the Ramat Siv industrial zone.

Arutz Sheva ''Arutz Sheva'' ( he, ערוץ 7, lit=''Channel 7''), also known in English as ''Israel National News'', is an Israeli media network identifying with religious Zionism. It offers online news articles in Hebrew, English, and Russian as well as l ...

, the right wing

Religious Zionist Religious Zionism ( he, צִיּוֹנוּת דָּתִית, translit. ''Tziyonut Datit'') is an ideology that combines Zionism and Orthodox Judaism. Its adherents are also referred to as ''Dati Leumi'' ( "National Religious"), and in Israel, the ...

Israeli media network, operates an internet radio studio in Petah Tikva, where Arutz Sheva internet TV is located as well as the printing press for its '' B'Sheva'' newspaper. The Israeli secret service, Shin Bet, has an interrogation facility in Petah Tikva.

Transportation

Petah Tikva is served by a large number of buses. A large number of intercity Egged buses stop there, and the city has a network of local buses operated by the Kavim company. The Dan bus company operates lines to Ramat Gan,

and Tel Aviv. Petah Tikva's largest bus terminal is the Petah Tikva Central Bus Station (Tahana Merkazit), while other major stations are located near

Beilinson Hospital Rabin Medical Center ( he, מרכז רפואי רבין) is a major hospital and medical center located in Petah Tikva, Israel. It is owned and operated by Clalit Health Services, Israel's largest health maintenance organization. In January 1996, ...

and

Beit Rivka A Beit (also spelled bait, ar, بيت , literally "a house") is a metrical unit of Arabic, Iranian, Urdu and Sindhi poetry. It corresponds to a line, though sometimes improperly renderered as "couplet" since each ''beit'' is divided into t ...

. A rapid transit/ light rail system is in the works that will connect Petah Tikva to

, Ramat Gan, Tel Aviv and Bat Yam. Israel Railways maintains two suburban railroad stations in Segula and

Kiryat Aryeh , wiktionary:בית, :he:בית, house * * * * E , wiktionary:עין, spring, fountain * * , wiktionary:עמק, :he:עמק, valley * G , wiktionary:גן, :he:גן, "garden" * , wiktionary:גבעה, :he:גבעה ...

, in the northern part of the city. A central train station near the main bus station is envisioned as part of Israel Railways's long-term expansion plan. There are eight taxi fleets based in Petah Tikva, and the city is bordered by three of the major vehicle arteries in Israel: Geha Highway (

Highway 4 Route 4, or Highway 4, may refer to several highways in the following countries: International * AH4, Asian Highway 4 * European route E04 * European route E004 * Cairo – Cape Town Highway Albania * SH-4 road in Albania from Durres to Kakav ...

) on the west, the Trans-Samaria Highway ( Highway 5) on the north, and the Trans-Israel Highway (

Highway 6 Route 6, or Highway 6, may refer to routes in the following countries: International * Asian Highway 6 * European route E6 * European route E006 Albania * National Road SH6 Argentina * Buenos Aires Provincial Route 6 Australia New ...

) on the east. Santiago Calatrava's bridge, a long span Y-shaped cable-stayed pedestrian three-way bridge connecting Rabin Hospital to a shopping mall, a residential development and a public park. The structure is supported from a high inclined steel pylon, which is situated where the three spans intersect. Light in construction, the bridge is built principally of steel with a glass-paved deck. The Red Line of the Tel Aviv Light Rail system currently under construction will split into 2 branches upon entrance to Petah Tikva. One branch will travel to an underground terminal at the Kiryat Aryeh railway station, while the other will continue east to the Petach Tikva Central Bus Station. The Light Rail's train depot will also be located at Kiryat Aryeh. It is expected to be completed in 2022

Local government

Petah Tikva's history of government goes back to 1880, when the pioneers elected a council of seven members to run the new colony. From 1880 to 1921, members of the council were David Meir Guttman, Yehoshua Stampfer,

Ze'ev Wolf Branda Ze'ev ( he, זאב \ זְאֵב ''zeév''), also spelled Zeev or Zev, is a name of Hebrew origin which means wolf. The given name is a masculine form used among Ashkenazi Jews. It is a Biblical name, adapted from a reference to Benjamin in Genesi ...

Abraham Ze'ev Lipkis Abraham, ; ar, , , name=, group= (originally Abram) is the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In Judaism, he is the founding father of the special relationship between the Jews ...

Yitzhak Goldenhirsch Yitzhak( ()) is a male first name, and is Hebrew for Isaac (name), Isaac. Yitzhak may refer to: People *Yitzhak ha-Sangari, rabbi who converted the Khazars to Judaism *Yitzhak Rabin (1922–1995), Israeli politician and Prime Minister *Yitzhak Sh ...

Chaim Cohen-Rice The name ''Haim'' can be a first name or surname originating in the Hebrew language, or deriving from the Old German name ''Haimo''. Hebrew etymology Chayyim ( he, חַיִּים ', Classical Hebrew: , Israeli Hebrew: ), also transcribed ''Haim ...

, Moshe Gissin, Shlomo Zalman Gissin and Akiva Librecht. This governing body was declared a local council in 1921, and Petah Tikva became a city in 1937. Kadima, the political party founded by former Israeli prime minister

Ariel Sharon Ariel Sharon (; ; ; also known by his diminutive Arik, , born Ariel Scheinermann, ; 26 February 1928 – 11 January 2014) was an Israeli general and politician who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Israel from March 2001 until April 2006. S ...

, had its headquarters in Petah Tikva. YehoshuaStampfer

Council heads and mayors

*Shlomo Zalman Gissin (1921) *Pinchas Meiri (1922–1928) *Shlomo Stampfer (1928–1937) *

(1938–1940) * Yosef Sapir (1940–1950) * Mordechai Krausman (1951) *

Pinchas Rashish According to the Hebrew Bible, Phinehas or Phineas (; , ''Phinees'', ) was a priest during the Israelites’ Exodus journey. The grandson of Aaron and son of Eleazar, the High Priests (), he distinguished himself as a youth at Shittim with hi ...

(1951–1966) *

Yisrael Feinberg Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

(1966–1978) * Dov Tavori (1978–1989) *

Giora Lev Giora Lev (born 30 June 1939) ( he, גיורא לב) was the 7th mayor of Petah Tikva (1989-1998) and Brigadier-general in the Israel Defense Forces. He was born in Haifa and studied in Kadoorie Agricultural High School. Once conscripted, he join ...

(1989–1999) *

Yitzhak Ohayon Yitzhak( ()) is a male first name, and is Hebrew for Isaac. Yitzhak may refer to: People *Yitzhak ha-Sangari, rabbi who converted the Khazars to Judaism *Yitzhak Rabin (1922–1995), Israeli politician and Prime Minister *Yitzhak Shamir (1915–2 ...

(1999–2013) * Uri Ohad (2013) *

Itzik Braverman Izak is a given name. Izak may also refer to: * Izak catshark, a type of cat shark * Izak, a character in Suikoden IV * Piotr "Izak" Skowyrski, Polish esports commentator and streamer * Vian Izak, American singer/songwriter, producer, and audio ...

(2013–2018) *

Rami Greenberg Rami Greenberg (born 18 May 1978) is an Israeli Politician, currently serving as the Mayor of Petah Tikva. Biography Greenberg was born in Neve Yarak, and grew up in Petah Tikva. at the age of 14, he was elected to serve as the chairman of ...

(2018–)

Schools and religious institutions

Petah Tikva is home to 300 educational institutions from kindergarten through high school, catering to the secular, religious and Haredi populations. There are over 43,000 students enrolled in these schools, which are staffed by some 2,400 teachers. In 2006, five schools participated in the nationwide Mofet program, which promotes academic excellence. Petah Tikva has seventeen public libraries, the main one located in the city hall building. Some 70,000 Orthodox Jews live in Petah Tikva. The community of Petah Tikva is served by 300 synagogues, including the 120-year-old Great Synagogue, eight

mikvaot Tractate Miqwaʾoth (Hebrew: מקואות, lit. "Pools of Water"; in Talmudic Hebrew: ''Miqwaʾoth'') is a section of the Mishna discussing the laws pertaining to the building and maintenance of a mikvah, a Jewish ritual bath. Like most of Seder To ...

(ritual baths) and two major Haredi yeshivot, ''Lomzhe Yeshiva'' and ''Or-Yisrael'' (founded by the Chazon Ish, Rabbi Avraham Yeshayahu Karelitz).

Yeshivat Hesder Petah Tikva Yeshivat Hesder Petah Tikva is a Hesder Yeshiva located in Petah Tikva, Israel. Established in 1998, it currently has approximately 200 students, of whom 25% are actively serving in the Israel Defense Forces, IDF. History Yeshivat Hesder Petah Ti ...

, a Modern Orthodox Hesder Yeshiva affiliated with the

movement, directed by Rabbi

Yuval Cherlow Yuval Cherlow (born 1957) is a Modern Orthodox rabbi and posek. He is Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshivat Hesder Amit Orot Shaul in Tel Aviv, Israel. Cherlow was one of the founders of Tzohar, an organization of religious Zionist Orthodox rabbis in Israe ...

, is also located in Petah Tikva. Additionally, Rav Michael Laitman, PhD in Philosophy and Kabbalah (see Bnei Baruch), daily leads 200-300 students and hundreds of thousands virtually (some estimates of up to 2 million) in the method of Kabbalah learned from his teacher Rav

Baruch Ashlag Baruch Shalom HaLevi Ashlag ( he, ברוך שלום הלוי אשלג) (also known as the RABASH) (January 22, 1907 – September 13, 1991) was a kabbalist, the firstborn and successor of Yehuda Ashlag also known as Baal Hasulam, the author o ...

, known as the RABASH. Petah Tikva has two cemeteries: Segula Cemetery, east of the city, and Yarkon Cemetery, to the northeast.

Health care

Six hospitals are located in the city. The

Rabin Medical Center Rabin Medical Center ( he, מרכז רפואי רבין) is a major hospital and medical center located in Petah Tikva, Israel. It is owned and operated by Clalit Health Services, Israel's largest health maintenance organization. In January 1996, B ...

Beilinson complex includes the Beilinson Medical Center, the Davidoff Oncologic Center, the Geha Psychiatric Hospital, the Schneider Pediatric Hospital and Tel Aviv University's Faculty of Medical Research. Other medical facilities in Petah Tikva are HaSharon Hospital, the Beit Rivka Geriatric Center, the Kupat Holim Medical Research Center and a private hospital, Ramat Marpeh, affiliated with Assuta Hospital. The Schneider Pediatric Center is one of the largest and most modern children's hospitals in the Middle East. In addition, there are many family health clinics in Petah Tikva as well as Kupat Holim clinics operated by Israel's health maintenance organizations. The city is also served by

Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center (MHMC) is a Haredi hospital in Bnei Brak, Israel. Initially focusing on maternity, it is now a general hospital. MHMC's affairs are managed in strict accordance with ''halakha'' (Jewish law). History Mayanei ...

, a Haredi hospital in nearby Bnei Brak.

Landmarks and cultural institutions

Petah Tikva's Independence Park includes a zoo at its northeastern edge, the Museum of Man and Nature, a memorial to the victims of the 1921 Arab riots, an archaeological display, Yad Labanim soldiers memorial, a local history museum, a Holocaust museum and the

Petah Tikva Museum of Art The Petah Tikva Museum of Art is an art museum in Arlozorov Street, Petah Tikva, Israel. History The museum is part of Petah Tikva's Museum Complex. Most of the art at the museum (roughly 3188 items) is art in memory and perpetuation of other ...

Sports

The main stadium in Petah Tikva is the 11,500-seat

HaMoshava Stadium The HaMoshava Stadium ( he, אִצְטַדְיוֹן הַמוֹשָׁבָה), also known as Petah Tikva Stadium, is a football stadium in Petah Tikva, Israel. It was completed in 2011, and is used mainly for football matches and is home to both ...

. Petah Tikva has two

football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly c ...

teams –

Hapoel Petah Tikva Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. ( he, הפועל פתח תקווה) is an Israeli football club based in the city of Petah Tikva, currently playing in the Liga Leumit. Its most successful period was throughout the 1950s and 1960s, in which the club won ...

and Maccabi Petah Tikva. The local baseball team, the Petach Tikva Pioneers, played in the inaugural 2007 season of the

Israel Baseball League The Israel Baseball League (IBL; Hebrew: ליגת הבייסבול הישראלית, ''Ligat ha-Beisbol ha-Israelit'') was a six-team professional baseball league in Israel. The first game was played on June 24, 2007. League structure The six ...

. The league folded the following year. In 2014, Hapoel Petah Tikva's women's football team recruited five Arab-Israeli women to play on the team. One of them is now a team captain.

Archaeology

In November–December 2006 and May 2007, a salvage excavation was conducted at Khirbat Mulabbis, east of Moshe Sneh Street in Petah Tikva on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority. Four main strata (I–IV) were identified, dating to the Byzantine period (fourth–seventh centuries CE; Stratum IV), Early Islamic period (eighth–tenth centuries CE; Stratum III), Crusader period (twelfth–thirteenth centuries CE; Stratum II) and Ottoman period (Stratum I).Haddad, 2013
Petah Tikva, Kh. Mulabbis

Notable people

Gila Almagor Gila Almagor Agmon ( he, גילה אלמגור אגמון; born Gila Alexandrowitz; July 22, 1939) is an Israeli actress, film star, and author. In Israel, she is known as "queen of the Israeli cinema and theatre". Biography Gila Alexandrowitz (A ...

(born 1939), actress and author * Yehuda Amichai (1924–2000), poet * Zvi Arad (1942–2018), mathematician, acting president of Bar-Ilan University, president of

Netanya Academic College Netanya Academic College ( he, האקדמית נתניה, ''HaAkademit Netanya'') is a private college based in Netanya, Israel. Established in 1994 by a team from Bar-Ilan University, it has an enrolment of around 4,000 undergraduate students. It ...

Hannah Barnett-Trager Hannah Barnett-Trager (born Hannah Barnett) (1870–1943) was an English writer and activist. She resided and worked primarily in Palestine. Personal life Trager was born in London, but emigrated with her parents to Jerusalem in December 1871 ...

(1870–1943), wrote about early Petah Tikva * Hanoch Bartov (1926-2016), author * Apollo Braun (born 1976), artist, author, playwright * Mor Bulis (born 1996), tennis player *

Tal Burstein Tal Burstein ( he, טל בורשטיין; born February 19, 1980) is an Israeli professional basketball coach and a former professional basketball player. He played at the point guard position, and also as a swingman. He is 198 cm (6 f ...

(born 1980), basketball player *

Moran Buzovski Moran Buzovski ( he, מורן בוזובסקי) (born March 23, 1992) is a retired Israeli rhythmic gymnast, and a member of the National Israeli Rhythmic Gymnastics Team. Personal life Buzovski was born in Petah Tikva Petah Tikva ( he, ...

(born 1992), Olympic rhythmic gymnast *

Shmuel Dayan Shmuel Dayan ( he, שמואל דיין; 8 August 1891 – 11 August 1968) was a Zionist activist during the British Mandate of Palestine and an Israeli politician who served in the first three Knessets. Biography Born in the town of Zhashkiv in th ...

(1891–1968), Zionist activist *

Israel Finkelstein Israel Finkelstein ( he, ישראל פינקלשטיין, born March 29, 1949) is an Israeli archaeologist, professor emeritus at Tel Aviv University and the head of the School of Archaeology and Maritime Cultures at the University of Haifa. Fin ...

(born 1949), archaeologist * Dudu Fisher (born 1951), cantor and stage performer * Gal Gadot (born 1985), actress and model * Zehava Gal-On (born 1956),

Meretz Meretz ( he, מֶרֶצ, ) is a left-wing political party in Israel. The party was formed in 1992 by the merger of Ratz, Mapam and Shinui, and was at its peak between 1992 and 1996 when it had 12 seats. It currently has no seats in the Knesset ...

politician *

A. D. Gordon Aaron David Gordon ( he, אהרן דוד גורדון; ), more commonly known as A. D. Gordon, was a Labour Zionist thinker and the spiritual force behind practical Zionism and Labor Zionism. He founded Hapoel Hatzair, a movement that set the t ...

(1856–1922), Labor Zionist ideologue *

Tamar Gozansky Tamar Gozansky ( he, תמר גוז'נסקי, also spelt Tamar Gozhansky; born 3 October 1940) is an Israeli politician. Biography Tamar Gozansky was born in Petah Tikva during the Mandate period to a Russian Jewish family. She earned an MSc i ...

(born 1940), politician * Avraham Grant (born 1955), football coach * Tzofit Grant (born 1964), television personality *

Tzachi Halevy Tzachi Halevy (or Tsahi HaLevi, he, צחי הלוי; born March 12, 1975) is an Israeli film and television actor and a singer. Early and personal life Tzachi Halevy was born in Petah Tikva, Israel, to a Sephardic Jewish family.Simcha Jacobovici (born 1953), filmmaker * Doron Jamchi (born 1961), basketball player * Nimrod Kamer (born 1981), poet and class warrior residing in London *

Yosef Karduner Yosef Karduner ( he, יוסף קרדונר, born 1969) is an Israeli Hasidic singer, songwriter, and composer. His biggest hit, ''Shir LaMaalot'' (Psalm 121), appeared on his debut album, ''Road Marks'' (2000). Biography Born Gilad Kardunos, he ...

(born 1969),

Hasidic Hasidism, sometimes spelled Chassidism, and also known as Hasidic Judaism (Ashkenazi Hebrew: חסידות ''Ḥăsīdus'', ; originally, "piety"), is a Jewish religious group that arose as a spiritual revival movement in the territory of contem ...

singer-songwriter * Haim Kaufman (1934–1995), Knesset member *

Yehoshua Kenaz Yehoshua Kenaz ( he, יהושע קנז) (2 March 1937 – 12 October 2020) was an Israeli novelist who studied at the Hebrew University and at the Sorbonne. Kenaz is best known for his novel ''Infiltration'', published in 1986. Biography Yehoshua ...

(born 1937), novelist *

Itzik Kol Itzik Kol ( he, איציק קול; January 12, 1932 – July 8, 2007) was an Israeli television and film producer considered by many to be a pioneer and originator of Israeli cinema. He died following complications from pneumonia. Biography Yitc ...

(1932–2007), television and movie producer *

Alona Koshevatskiy Alona Koshevatskiy ( he, אלונה קושבצקי; born 8 October 1997) is an Israeli female rhythmic gymnast. She's a two-time (2014, 2016) European Group All-Around bronze medalist and the 2015 European Games Group All-Around silver medalist ...

(born 1997), Olympic

rhythmic gymnast Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport in which gymnasts perform on a floor with an apparatus: hoop, ball, clubs, ribbon. The sport combines elements of gymnastics, dance and calisthenics; gymnasts must be strong, flexible, agile, dexterous and coordi ...

Amnon Krauz Amnon Krauz (אמנון קראו; born August 10, 1952) is an Israeli former Olympic swimmer. He was born in Petah Tikva, Israel. Swimming career Krauz competed for Israel at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City Mexico City ( es, link=no, C ...

(born 1952), Olympic swimmer *

Peretz Lavie use both this parameter and , birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> , death_place = , death_cause = , body_discovered = , resting_place = , resting_place_coordinates = ...

(born 1949), expert in the

psychophysiology Psychophysiology (from Ancient Greek, Greek , ''psȳkhē'', "breath, life, soul"; , ''physis'', "nature, origin"; and , ''wiktionary:-logia, -logia'') is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the physiology, physiological bases of psych ...

of sleep and sleep disorders, 16th president of the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Dean of the

Rappaport Faculty of Medicine The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine is a medical school that operates in Bat Galim, Haifa and is part of the Technion's Faculty of Medicine. The faculty was established in the late 1960s by a group of physicians who found the need f ...

Karina Lykhvar Karina Lykhvar ( he, קרינה ליחבר; born 11 December 1998) is an Israeli female rhythmic gymnast. Karina has won a total of two bronze medals, as a member of the national squad, at the European Championships (2014 and 2016), and eventua ...

(born 1998), Olympic rhythmic gymnast * Menachem Magidor (born 1946), mathematician; President of the

Hebrew University of Jerusalem The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI; he, הַאוּנִיבֶרְסִיטָה הַעִבְרִית בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם) is a public research university based in Jerusalem, Israel. Co-founded by Albert Einstein and Dr. Chaim Weiz ...

Samir Naqqash Samir Naqqash ( he, סמיר נקאש, ar, سمير نقاش; 1938 in Baghdad – 6 July 2004, in Petah Tikva) was an Israeli novelist, short-story writer, and playwright who immigrated from Iraq at the age of 13. Biography Samir Naqqash was bo ...

(1938–2004), Iraqi-Jewish author * Zvi Nishri (Orloff) (1878–1973), physical education pioneer *

Uri Orbach Uri Shraga Orbach ( he, אורי שרגא אורבך; 28 March 1960 – 16 February 2015) was an Israelis, Israeli Religious Zionism, Religious Zionist writer, journalist, and politician. He served as a member of the Knesset for the Jewish Home p ...

(1960–2015),

The Jewish Home The Jewish Home ( he, הַבַּיִת הַיְהוּדִי, HaBayit HaYehudi) is an Orthodox Jewish and religious Zionist political party in Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the ...

politician, journalist and writer *

Elyakum Ostashinski Elyakum Ostashinski or Elyakum Austshinsky ( he, אליקום אוסטשינסקי), born 1909, died 1983, was the first mayor of Rishon LeZion, and later CEO of the Vineyard Association. Education Ostashinski was born in Petah Tikva. His par ...

(1909–1983), first mayor of

Rishon LeZion Rishon LeZion ( he, רִאשׁוֹן לְצִיּוֹן , ''lit.'' First to Zion, Arabic: راشون لتسيون) is a city in Israel, located along the central Israeli coastal plain south of Tel Aviv. It is part of the Gush Dan metropolitan ar ...

* Leah Rabin (1928–2000), wife of Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin *

Neta Rivkin Neta Rivkin ( he, נטע ריבקין; born June 19, 1991) is a retired Israeli individual rhythmic gymnast. She is one of Israel's most successful rhythmic gymnasts. A three-time Olympian, in 2011 she won the silver medal in clubs at the 20 ...

(born 1991), rhythmic gymnast *

Pnina Rosenblum Pnina Rosenblum ( he, פנינה רוזנבלום, born ) is an Israeli businesswoman, model, media personality, and a former politician. Former Knesset parliament member for Likud from 2005 to 2006. Biography Pnina Rosenblum was born in Petah T ...

(born 1954), actress, fashion model, businesswoman and politician * Michal Rozin (born 1969),

politician * Rami Saari (born 1963), poet, translator and linguist * Dan Shechtman (born 1941), winner of Nobel Prize for Chemistry * Sigal Shachmon (born 1971), model, actress and television presenter *

Giora Spiegel Giora Spiegel ( he, גיורא שפיגל), (born July 27, 1947) is an Israeli former footballer and coach. As a footballer, he holds the record for the longest Israeli international career, spanning 14 years and 357 days. Biography Born in P ...

(born 1947), football player and coach * Nahum Stelmach (1936–1999), football player *

Pnina Tamano-Shata Pnina Tamano-Shata ( he, פְּנִינָה תַּמֶנוֹ־שֶׁטֶה; born 1 November 1981) is an Israeli lawyer, journalist, and politician. The first Ethiopian-born woman to enter the Knesset in 2013, in 2020 she also became the first Eth ...

(born 1981), politician

In popular culture

Petah Tikva is referenced in the Tony Award-winning 2016 musical ''

The Band's Visit ''The Band's Visit'' ( he, ביקור התזמורת, Bikur Ha-Tizmoret) is a 2007 comedy-drama film, directed and written by Eran Kolirin, and starring Saleh Bakri, Ronit Elkabetz, Sasson Gabai and Uri Gavriel. It is an international co-pro ...

'', as the main plot derives from a mix-up between the city and the fictional town of "Bet Hatikva" in the Negev Desert of southern Israel.

International relations

Petah Tikva is twinned with: * Bacău, Romania * Cherkasy, Ukraine * Chernihiv, Ukraine * Chicago, United States *

Las Condes Las Condes is a commune of Chile located in Santiago Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region. The area is inhabited primarily by upper-mid- to high income families, and known in the Chilean collective consciousness as home to the country's economi ...

, Chile * Gabrovo, Bulgaria * Gyumri, Armenia * Kadıköy, Turkey *

Koblenz Koblenz (; Moselle Franconian language, Moselle Franconian: ''Kowelenz''), spelled Coblenz before 1926, is a German city on the banks of the Rhine and the Moselle, a multi-nation tributary. Koblenz was established as a Roman Empire, Roman mili ...

, Germany *

Międzyrzec Podlaski Międzyrzec Podlaski ( la, Meserici, german: Meseritz) is a city in Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland, with the population of 17,162 inhabitants . The total area of the city is . Międzyrzec is located near the Krzna river, not f ...

, Poland * Șimleu Silvaniei, Romania * Taichung, Taiwan * Trondheim, Norway *

Norrköping Norrköping (; ) is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland County, about 160 km southwest of the national capital Stockholm, 40 km east of county seat Linköp ...

, Sweden

References

Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * (p
216
* * *

External links

*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 13
IAA

Wikimedia commons

Municipality's official website

Photos of Petah TikvaCadastral map of Petah Tiqva, Ein Ganim, Al Mirr, Mahne Yehuda, 1934
- Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, The National Library of Israel {{Authority control Populated places established in 1878 Jewish villages in the Ottoman Empire Cities in Central District (Israel) 1878 establishments in Ottoman Syria 1878 in Ottoman Syria