Odisha and the second official language of Jharkhand.[12][13][14] The language is also spoken by a sizeable population of at least 1 million people in Chhattisgarh. Odia is the sixth Indian language to be designated a Classical Language in India
India on the basis of having a long literary history and not having borrowed extensively from other languages.[15][16][17][18] The earliest known inscription in Odia dates back to the 10th century AD.[19]
Contents
1 Geographical distribution
1.1 India 1.2 Foreign countries
2 Forms
2.1 Standard Odia 2.2 Major forms or dialects 2.3 Minor non literary and tribal forms or dialects
3 History
3.1
Charyapada
Charyapada of 8th Century and its affinity with Odia language
3.2 Poet Jayadeva's literary contribution
4 Phonology 5 Morphology 6 Writing system 7 Literature 8 Language sample 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External links
Geographical distribution[edit]
India[edit]
Odia is mainly spoken in the state of Odisha, but there are
significant Odia-speaking populations in the neighbouring states, such
as Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand, and
Chhattisgarh; as well as in the neighbouring country of
Bangladesh.[20]
Due to the increasing migration of labour, the west Indian state of
Gujarat
Gujarat also has a significant population of Odia speakers, with Surat
being the city with largest Odia-speaking population in
Gujarat.[21][better source needed] Significant numbers of
Odia speakers can also be found in the cities of Vishakhapatnam,
Hyderabad, Pondicherry, Bangalore, Chennai, Goa, Mumbai, Raipur,
Jamshedpur, Baroda, Ahmedabad, New Delhi, Kolkata, Kharagpur,
Guwahati, Shillong, Pune, and Silvassa.[22][not in citation given]
Foreign countries[edit]
The Odia diaspora constitute a sizeable number in several countries
around the world, totalling the number of Odia speakers on a global
scale to 55 million.[23][page needed][need quotation to verify]
It has a significant presence in eastern countries such as Bangladesh,
Indonesia, mainly carried by the sadhaba, ancient traders from Odisha
who carried the language along with the culture during the old-day
trading,[24] and in western countries such as the United States,
Canada,
Australia
Australia and
England
England as well. The language has also spread to
Burma, Malaysia, Fiji,
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka and
Middle East
.svg/440px-Middle_East_(orthographic_projection).svg.png)
Middle East countries.[23]
Forms[edit]
This section's factual accuracy is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced. (May 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Standard Odia[edit]
Kataki Odia or The Odia of Mughalbandi region is considered as
Standard Odia due to literary traditions. It is spoken mainly in the
eastern half of the state of Odisha, in districts like Khurdha, Puri,
Cuttack, Jajpur, Jagatsinghpur, Kendrapada, Dhenkanal,
Angul
Angul and
Nayagarh
Nayagarh district with little variation.[25]
Major forms or dialects[edit]
Midnapori Odia: Spoken in the undivided
Midnapore
Midnapore District of West
Bengal.
Singhbhumi Odia: Spoken in East Singhbhum,
West Singhbhum
West Singhbhum and
Saraikela-Kharsawan
Saraikela-Kharsawan district of Jharkhand
Baleswari Odia: Spoken in Baleswar,
Bhadrak
Bhadrak and
Mayurbhanj
Mayurbhanj district of
Odisha.
Ganjami Odia: Spoken in
Ganjam
Ganjam and Gajapati districts of
Odisha
Odisha and
Srikakulam
Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh.
Sambalpuri Odia Spoken in Bargarh, Bolangir, Boudh, Debagarh,
Jharsuguda, Kalahandi, Nuapada, Sambalpur, Subarnapur and Sundargarh
districts of
Odisha
Odisha and by some people in Raigarh, Mahasamund, Raipur
districts of
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh state.
Desiya Odia: Spoken in Koraput, Rayagada,
Nowrangpur
Nowrangpur and Malkangiri
Districts of
Odisha
Odisha and in the hilly regions of Vishakhapatnam,
Vizianagaram
Vizianagaram District of Andhra Pradesh.
Bhatri: Spoken in South-western
Odisha
Odisha and eastern-south Chhattisgarh.
Halbi: Spoken in undivided Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. Halbi is a
mixture of Odia and Marathi with influence of Chatishgarhi tribal
languages.
Phulbani
Phulbani Odia: spoken in Phulbani,
Phulbani
Phulbani Town, Khajuripada block of
Kandhamal, and in nearby areas bordering
Boudh district
Boudh district .This language
gained momentum during the amalgamation of kandhamal(Phulbani), and
Boudh, region into a single district Phulabani,
Minor non literary and tribal forms or dialects[edit] Odia's minor dialects include:[26]
Sundargadi Odia : Variation of Odia Spoken in Sundargarh
district of
Odisha
Odisha and in adjoining pockets of
Jharkhand
Jharkhand and
Chhattisgarh.
Kalahandia Odia : Variation of Odia spoken in undivided
Kalahandi
Kalahandi District and neighboring districts of Chhattisgarh.
Kurmi: Spoken in Northern
Odisha
Odisha and South west Bengal.
Sounti: Spoken in Northern
Odisha
Odisha and South west Bengal.
Bathudi: Spoken in Northern
Odisha
Odisha and South west Bengal.
Kondhan: A tribal dialect spoken in Western Odisha..
Laria: Spoken in bordering areas of Chatishgarh and Western Odisha.
Aghria: Spoken mostly by the ingenious people of Aghria caste in
Western Odisha.
Bhulia: Tribal form spoken in Western Odisha.
Sadri: A mixture of Odia and
Hindi
Hindi language with major regional tribal
influence.
Bodo Parja / Jharia: Tribal dialect of Odia spoken mostly in Koraput
district of Southern
Odisha
Odisha .
Matia: Tribal dialect of Odia spoken in Southern Odisha.
Bhuyan: Tribal dialect of Odia spoken in Southern Odisha.
Reli: Spoken in Southern
Odisha
Odisha and bordering areas of Andhra Pradesh.
Kupia: Spoken by Valmiki caste people in the Indian state
of
Telangana
Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, mostly in Hyderabad,
Mahabubnagar, Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, East Godavari and
Visakhapatnam districts.
History[edit]
A detailed chart depicting evolution of the Odia script as displayed in a museum at Ratnagiri, Odisha
Odia is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language belonging to the Indo-Aryan
language family. It is thought to be directly descended from an
Odra
Magadhi Prakrit similar to Ardha Magadhi, which was spoken in
eastern
India
India over 1,500 years ago, and is the primary language used
in early Jain texts.[27] Odia appears to have had relatively little
influence from Persian and Arabic, compared to other major North
Indian languages.
The history of the
Odia language
Odia language is divided into eras:
Old Odia (3rd century BC): The earliest evidence of Old Odia is found
in the 3rd century BC Ashoka edit of Dhauli and 1st century BC
Hathigumpha inscription.[28] The old colloquial literature is the
Charyapada, poetry written in an
Apabhraṃśa ancestral to Odia,
Bengali and Assamese.
Early Middle Odia (1200–1400): The earliest use of prose can be
found in the
Madala Panji
Madala Panji of the Jagannath Temple at Puri, which dates
back to the 12th century. Such works as Shishu Veda, Amara Kosha,
Gorakha Samhita, Kalasha Chautisha, and Saptanga are written in this
form of Odia.[29][30][31]
Middle Odia (1400–1700):
Sarala Das
Sarala Das writes the Vilanka
Ramayana.[32][33] Towards the 16th century, poets emerged around the
Vaishnava leader Acyutananda, These five poets are Balaram Das,
Jagannatha Dasa, Acyutananda, Ananta Das and Jasobanta Das.
Late Middle Odia (1700–1850): Ushabhilasa of Sisu Sankara Das, the
Rahasy Manjari of Deba Durlabha Dasa and the Rukmini Bibha of Kartika
Dasa were written. A new form of metrical epic-poems (called
Chhanda-Kabya) evolved during the beginning of the 17th century when
Ramachandra Pattanayaka wrote Haravali.
Upendra Bhanja
Upendra Bhanja took a leading
role in this period- his creations Baidehisha Bilasa, Koti Brahmanda
Sundari, Labanyabati were landmarks in Odia Literature. Dinakrushna
Dasa’s Rasokallola and Abhimanyu Samanta Singhara’s Bidagdha
Chintamani are prominent Kavyas of this time. Four major poets emerged
in the end of the era are Baladeba Rath, Bhima Bhoi, Brajanath
Badajena and Gopala Krushna Pattanaik.
Modern Odia (1850 till present day): The first Odia printing typeset
was cast in 1836 by the Christian missionaries which made a great
revolution in
Odia literature
Odia literature and language.
Eastern Hemisphere in the year 200.
Charyapada
Charyapada of 8th Century and its affinity with Odia language[edit]
The beginnings of Odia poetry coincide with the development of charya
sahitya, the literature started by
Vajrayana
Vajrayana Buddhist poets such as in
the Charyapada. This literature was written in a specific metaphor
called twilight language and prominent poets included Luipa, Tilopa
and Kanha. Quite importantly, the Ragas that have mentioned for
singing the Charyapadas are found abundantly in latter Odia
literature.
Poet Jayadeva's literary contribution[edit]
Jayadeva
Jayadeva was a
Sanskrit
Sanskrit poet. He was born in an
Utkala Brahmin family
of
Puri
Puri in circa 1200 AD. He is most known for his composition,
the epic poem Gita Govinda, which depicts the divine love of the Hindu
deity Krishna and his consort, Radha, and is considered an important
text in the Bhakti movement of Hinduism. About the end of the 13th
century and the beginning of the 14th, the influence of Jayadeva's
literary contribution changed the pattern of versification in
Odia.[citation needed]
John Beames, a British author and civil servant in British
India
India who
stayed for a considerable time in
Odisha
Odisha and worked for the survival
of
Odia language
Odia language quotes:
At a period when Odia was already a fixed and settled language,
Bengali did not exist. The Bengalis spoke a vast variety of corrupt
forms of Eastern Hindi. It is not till quite recent times that we find
anything that can with propriety be called a Bengali language.[34]
Dialects have bit of variety from the literary language, and bengal
circulated in a vast region so that it have some varieties, called
dialects.[35] Odia circulated in a small region and less no of speaker
that's why variety is very less, rather it have a similarity to
bengali language.
We may place the
Hindi
Hindi with its subsidiary forms Gujurati and Punjabi
first fixing their rise and establishment as a modern languages
distinct from their previous existence as Prakrit till the 12th or
13th century. Odia must have quite completed its transformation by the
end of the 14th century. Bengali was no separate independent language
but a maze of dialects without a distinct national or provincial type
till the 17th or beginning of the 18th century. It was not till the
gradual decay of the central Mohammedan power of Delhi enabled the
provincial governors to assume an independent position that Bengali
severed itself from
Hindi
Hindi and assumed characteristics which now
vindicate for its right to be called a separate language.[36]
Phonology[edit] Main article: Odia phonology
Play media
Pronunciation of Odia alphabet.
Odia has twenty-eight consonant phonemes, two semivowel phonemes and six vowel phonemes.
Odia vowel phonemes[citation needed]
Front Back
High i u
Mid e o
Low a ɔ
All vowels except /o/ also have nasal counterparts, but these are not always contrastive. Final vowels are standard and pronounced, e.g. Odia [pʰulɔ] contra Bengali [pʰul] "flower".[37]
Odia consonant phonemes[citation needed]
Bilabial Alveolar /Dental Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɳ
(ŋ)
Stop/ Affricate voiceless p t̪ ʈ tʃ k
voiceless aspirated pʰ t̪ʰ ʈʰ tʃʰ kʰ
voiced b d̪ ɖ dʒ ɡ
voiced aspirated bʱ d̪ʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ ɡʱ
Fricative
s
h
Flap
ɾ ɺ̢[38]
Lateral approximant
l
The velar nasal [ŋ] is given phonemic status in some[which?]
analyses. Nasals assimilate for place in nasal–stop clusters. /ɖ
ɖʱ/ have the flap allophones [ɽ ɽʱ] in intervocalic position and
in final position (but not at morpheme boundaries). Stops are
sometimes deaspirated between /s/ and a vowel or an open syllable
/s/+vowel and a vowel. Some speakers distinguish between single and
geminate consonants.[39]
Morphology[edit]
Main article: Odia morphology
Unlike Hindi, Odia retains most of the cases of Sanskrit, though the
nominative and vocative have merged (both without a separate marker),
as have the accusative and dative. There are three genders (masculine,
feminine and neuter) and two grammatical numbers (singular and
plural). There are three true tenses (present, past and future),
others being formed with auxiliaries.
Writing system[edit]
Main articles:
Odia alphabet
Odia alphabet and Odia braille
Literature[edit]
Main article: Odia literature
The earliest literature in
Odia language
Odia language can be traced to the
Charyapadas composed in the 7th to 9th centuries.[40] Before Sarala
Das, the most important works in
Odia literature
Odia literature are the Shishu Veda,
Saptanga, Amara Kosha, Rudrasudhanidhi, Kesaba Koili, Kalasha
Chautisha etc.[29][30][31] In the 14th century, the poet Sarala Dasa's
wrote the Sarala Mahabharata, Chandi Purana, and Vilanka Ramayana, in
praise of the goddess Durga. Rama-bibaha, written by Arjuna Dasa, was
the first long poem written in the Odia language.
The following era is termed the Panchasakha Age and stretches until
the year 1700. The period begins with the writings of Shri Chaitanya
Mahaprabhu whose Vaishnava influence brought in a new evolution in
Odia literature. Notable religious works of the Panchasakha Age
include those of Balarama Dasa, Jagannatha Dasa, Yasovanta, Ananta and
Acyutananda. The authors of this period mainly translated, adapted, or
imitated
Sanskrit
Sanskrit literature. Other prominent works of the period
include the Usabhilasa of Sisu Sankara Dasa, the Rahasya-manjari of
Deva-durlabha Dasa and the Rukmini-bibha of Kartikka Dasa. A new form
of novels in verse evolved during the beginning of the 17th century
when Ramachandra Pattanayaka wrote Haravali. Other poets like
Madhusudana, Bhima Bhoi, Dhivara,
Sadasiva
Sadasiva and Sisu Isvara-dasa
composed another form called kavyas (long poems) based on themes from
Puranas, with an emphasis on plain, simple language.
However, during the Bhanja Age (also known as the Age of Riti Yuga)
beginning with turn of the 18th century, verbally tricky Odia became
the order of the day. Verbal jugglery, obscenity and eroticism
characterise the period between 1700 and 1850, particularly in the
works of the era's eponymous poet
Upendra Bhanja
Upendra Bhanja (1670–1720).
Bhanja's work inspired many imitators of which the most notable is
Arakshita Das. Family chronicles in prose relating religious festivals
and rituals are also characteristic of the period.
The first Odia printing typeset was cast in 1836 by Christian
missionaries. Although the handwritten Odia script of the time closely
resembled the Bengali and Assamese scripts, the one adopted for the
printed typesets was significantly different, leaning more towards the
Tamil script
Tamil script and Telugu script.
Amos Sutton produced an Oriya Bible
(1840), Oriya Dictionary (1841–43) and[41] An Introductory Grammar
of Oriya (1844).[42]
Odia has a rich literary heritage dating back to the thirteenth
century.
Sarala Dasa
Sarala Dasa who lived in the fourteenth century is known as
the
Vyasa
Vyasa of Odisha. He translated the
Mahabharata
Mahabharata into Odia. In fact,
the language was initially standardised through a process of
translating classical
Sanskrit
Sanskrit texts such as the Mahabharata, Ramayana
and Srimad Bhagabatam. The translation of the Srimad Bhagabatam by
Jagannatha Das was particularly influential on the written form of the
language. Odia has had a strong tradition of poetry, especially
devotional poetry.
Other eminent Odia poets include Kabi Samrat
Upendra Bhanja
Upendra Bhanja and
Kabisurya Baladev Ratha.
Prose in the language has had a late development.
Three great poets and prose writers, Kabibar Radhanath Ray
(1849–1908),
Fakir Mohan Senapati
Fakir Mohan Senapati (1843–1918) and Madhusudan Rao
(1853–1912) made Odia their own. They brought in a modern outlook
and spirit into Odia literature. Around the same time the modern drama
took birth in the works of Rama Sankara Ray beginning with
Kanci-Kaveri (1880).
Among the contemporaries of Fakir Mohan, four novelists deserve
special mention: Aparna Panda, Mrutyunjay Rath, Ram Chandra Acharya
and Brajabandhu Mishra. Aparna Panda's Kalavati and Brajabandhu
Mishra's Basanta Malati were both published in 1902, the year in which
Chha Mana Atha Guntha came out in the book form. Brajabandhu Mishra's
Basanta Malati, which came out from Bamanda, depicts the conflict
between a poor but highly educated young man and a wealthy and highly
egoistic young woman whose conjugal life is seriously affected by ego
clashes. Through a story of union, separation and reunion, the
novelist delineates the psychological state of a young woman in
separation from her husband and examines the significance of marriage
as a social institution in traditional Indian society. Ram Chandra
Acharya wrote about seven novels during 1924-1936. Interestingly all
his novels are historical romances based on the historical events in
Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Odisha. Mrutyunjay Rath's novel, Adbhuta
Parinama, published in 1915, centres round a young Hindu who gets
converted to Christianity to marry a Christian girl.
One of the great writers in the 19th century was Pandit Krushna
Chandra Kar (1907-1995) from Cuttack, who wrote many books for
children like Pari Raija, Kuhuka Raija, Panchatantra, Adi Jugara Galpa
Mala, etc. He was last felicitated by the Sahitya Academy in the year
1971-72 for his contributions to Odia literature, development of
children's fiction, and biographies.
One of the prominent writers of the 19th and 20th centuries was
Muralidhar Mallick (1927–2002). His contribution to Historical
novels is beyond words. He was last felicitated by the Sahitya Academy
in the year 1998 for his contributions to Odia literature. His son
Khagendranath Mallick (born 1951) is also a well-known writer. His
contribution towards poetry, criticism, essays, story and novels is
commendable. He was the former President of Utkal Kala Parishad and
also former President of
Odisha
Odisha Geeti Kabi Samaj. Presently he is a
member of the Executive Committee of Utkal Sahitya Samaj. Another
illustrious writer of the 20th century was Mr. Chintamani Das. A noted
academician, he was written more than 40 books including fiction,
short stories, biographies and storybooks for children. Born in 1903
in Sriramachandrapur village under Satyabadi block, Chintamani Das is
the only writer who has written biographies on all the five 'Pancha
Sakhas' of Satyabadi namely Pandit Gopabandhu Das, Acharya Harihara,
Nilakantha Das, Krupasindhu Mishra and Pandit Godabarisha. Having
served as the Head of the Odia department of Khallikote College,
Berhampur, Chintamani Das was felicitated with the Sahitya Akademi
Samman in 1970 for his outstanding contribution to
Odia literature
Odia literature in
general and Satyabadi Yuga literature in particular. Some of his
well-known literary creations are 'Bhala Manisha Hua', 'Manishi
Nilakantha', 'Kabi Godabarisha', 'Byasakabi Fakiramohan', 'Usha',
'Barabati'.
20th century writers in Odia include Pallikabi Nanda Kishore Bal
(1875–1928),
Gangadhar Meher
Gangadhar Meher (1862–1924), Chintamani Mahanti and
Kuntala-Kumari Sabat Utkala-Bharati, besides Niladri Dasa and
Gopabandhu Das
Gopabandhu Das (1877–1928). The most notable novelists were Umesa
Sarakara, Divyasimha Panigrahi, Gopala Praharaja and Kalindi Charan
Panigrahi. Sachi Kanta Rauta Ray is the great introducer of the
ultra-modern style in modern Odia poetry. Others who took up this form
were Godabarisha Mohapatra, Mayadhara Manasimha, Nityananda Mahapatra
and Kunjabihari Dasa. Prabhasa Chandra Satpathi is known for his
translations of some western classics apart from Udayanatha Shadangi,
Sunanda Kara and Surendranatha Dwivedi. Criticism, essays and history
also became major lines of writing in the Odia language. Esteemed
writers in this field were Professor Girija Shankar Ray, Pandit
Vinayaka Misra, Professor Gauri Kumara Brahma, Jagabandhu Simha and
Harekrushna Mahatab.
Odia literature
Odia literature mirrors the industrious, peaceful
and artistic image of the
Odia people
Odia people who have offered and gifted much
to the Indian civilization in the field of art and literature. Now
Writers Manoj Das's creations motivated and inspired people towards a
positive lifestyle .Distinguished prose writers of the modern period
include Fakir Mohan Senapati, Madhusudan Das, Godabarisha Mohapatra,
Kalindi Charan Panigrahi, Surendra Mohanty, Manoj Das, Kishori Charan
Das, Gopinath Mohanty, Rabi Patnaik, Chandrasekhar Rath, Binapani
Mohanty, Bhikari Rath, Jagadish Mohanty, Sarojini Sahoo, Yashodhara
Mishra, Ramchandra Behera, Padmaja Pal. But it is poetry that makes
modern
Odia literature
Odia literature a force to reckon with. Poets like Kabibar
Radhanath Ray, Sachidananda Routray, Guruprasad Mohanty, Soubhagya
Misra, Ramakanta Rath, Sitakanta Mohapatra, Rajendra Kishore Panda,
Pratibha Satpathy have made significant contributions towards Indian
poetry.
Anita Desai's novella, Translator Translated, from her collection The
Art of Disappearance, features a translator of a fictive Odian short
story writer; the novella contains a discussion of the perils of
translating works composed in regional Indian languages into English.
Four writers in Odia - Gopinath Mohanty, Sachidananda Routray,
Sitakant Mahapatra
Sitakant Mahapatra and
Pratibha Ray
Pratibha Ray - have been awarded the Jnanpith,
a prestigious Indian literary award.
Language sample[edit]
The first article of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights in
Odia:
ସବୁ ମନୁଷ୍ଯ ଜନ୍ମକାଳରୁ ସ୍ୱାଧୀନ । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ମର୍ଯ୍ୟାଦା ଓ ଅଧିକାର ସମାନ । ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପ୍ରଜ୍ଞା ଓ ବିବେକ ନିହିତ ଅଛି । ସେମାନେ ପରସ୍ପର ପ୍ରତି ଭାତୃଭାବ ପୋଷଣ କରି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିବା ଦରକାର ।
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
See also[edit]
Languages of India Languages with official status in India List of Indian languages by total speakers Brahmic family of scripts Kalahandia Language Laxmi Puran Madala Panji Sambalpuri Language
References[edit]
^ Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's
100 Largest Languages in 2007), in Nationalencyklopedin
^ Bureau, Odishatv. "Odia as official language from tomorrow;
linguists doubtful on efficacy of Act
Odisha
Odisha Television Limited".
odishatv.in. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
^ Hammarström (2015)
Ethnologue
Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive
review: online appendices
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds.
(2017). "Macro-Oriya".
Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck
Institute for the Science of Human History.
^ "PRS Bill Track The Constitution (113th Amendment) Bill, 2010".
www.prsindia.org. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
^ http://www.internetworldstats.com/languages.htm
^ "Constitution amended: Orissa is Odisha, Oriya is Odia".
hindustantimes.com/. 2011-09-06. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
^ Mahapatra, B.P. (2002). Linguistic Survey of India: Orissa (PDF).
Kolkata, India: Language Division, Office of the Registrar General.
p. 14. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
^
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/Ordeal-of-Oriya-speaking-students-in-West-Bengal-to-end-soon/article16600272.ece
^
http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/raipur/govt-to-provide-study-facility-to-odia-speaking-people-in-state.html
^
http://www.dnaindia.com/locality/news-tags/odia-medium-schools-andhra-pradesh
^ "Oriya gets its due in neighbouring state- Orissa- IBNLive".
Ibnlive.in.com. 2011-09-04. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
^ Naresh Chandra Pattanayak (2011-09-01). "Oriya second language in
Jharkhand
Jharkhand - Times Of India". Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com.
Retrieved 2012-11-29.
^ "Bengali, Oriya among 12 dialects as 2nd language in Jharkhand".
daily.bhaskar.com. 2011-08-31. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
^
http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/orissareview/2014/mar/engpdf/5-14.pdf
^ "Odia gets classical language status". The Hindu. 20 February 2014.
Retrieved 20 February 2014.
^ "Odia becomes sixth classical language". The Telegraph. Retrieved 29
March 2015.
^ "Milestone for state as Odia gets classical language status". The
Times of India. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
^ Pattanayak, Debi Prasanna; Prusty, Subrat Kumar. Classical Odia
(PDF). Bhubaneswar: KIS Foundation. p. 54. Retrieved 26 July
2016.
^ James Minahan (2012). Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific:
An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 233.
ISBN 978-1-59884-659-1.
^ http://indiapopulation2018.in/population-of-surat-2018.html
^ "Official and Regional Languages of India". 2011-01-25. Archived
from the original on 2013-03-08. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
^ a b Institute of Social Research and Applied Anthropology (2003).
Man and Life. 29. Institute of Social Research and Applied
Anthropology. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
^ Subhakanta Behera (2002). Construction of an identity discourse:
Oriya literature and the Jagannath cult (1866-1936). Munshiram
Manoharlal Publishers. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
^ Oriya at
Ethnologue
Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
^ Rabindra Nath Pati, Jagannatha Dash (2002). Tribal and Indigenous
People of India: Problems and Prospects. New Delhi: APH PUBLISHING
CORPORATION. pp. 51–59. ISBN 81-7648-322-2. CS1
maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
^ Misra, Bijoy (April 11, 2009). Oriya Language and Literature (PDF)
(Lecture). Languages and Literature of India. Harvard University.
^ Classical Odia (PDF). Bhubaneswar: Government of Odisha. Retrieved
16 July 2015.
^ a b Patnaik,
Durga
.jpg/440px-Shrinika_performing_Abhinaya_(Kede_Chhanda_Janilu_Tuhi).jpg)
Durga (1989). Palm Leaf Etchings of Orissa. New Delhi:
Abhinav Publications. p. 11. ISBN 978-8170172482.
^ a b Panda, Shishir (1991). Medieval Orissa: A Socio-economic Study.
New Delhi: Mittal Publications. p. 106.
ISBN 978-8170992615.
^ a b Patnaik, Nihar (1997). Economic History of Orissa. New Delhi:
Indus Publishing. p. 149. ISBN 978-8173870750.
^ Sukhdeva (2002). Living Thoughts of the Ramayana. Jaico Publishing
House. p. 7. ISBN 978-81-7992-002-2.
^ Sujit Mukherjee (1998). A Dictionary of Indian Literature:
Beginnings-1850. Orient Blackswan. p. 420.
ISBN 978-81-250-1453-9.
^ Beames, Comparative Grammar of Four Languages Vol I, p. 119
^ Bondyopadhyay, Asit kumar (1959). Bangla Sahityer Itibritwwo.
Kolkata: Morden Book Agency Pvt, Limited.
^ Beames, Comparative Grammar of Four Languages, Vol I, p.120
^ Ray (2003:488–489)
^ Masica (1991:97)
^ Ray (2003:490–491)
^ Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections. Sahitya Akademi.
1997-01-01. ISBN 9788126003655.
^ Biswamoy Pati Situating social history: Orissa, 1800-1997 p30
^ The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume Two) (Devraj To
Jyoti): 2 p1030 ed. Amaresh Datta - 2006 "
Amos Sutton also prepared a
dictionary named Sadhu bhasharthabhidhan, a vocabulary of current
Sanskrit
Sanskrit terms with Odia definitions which was also printed in Odisha
Mission Press in 1844."
Further reading[edit]
Tripathi, Kunjabihari (1962). The Evolution of Oriya Language and Script (PDF). Cuttack: Utkal University. Archived from the original on 2013-05-10. CS1 maint: Unfit url (link) Masica, Colin (1991). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2. Neukom, Lukas; Patnaik, Manideepa (2003). A Grammar of Oriya. Arbeiten des Seminars für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Zürich. Zurich: University of Zurich. ISBN 9783952101094. Ray, Tapas S. (2003). "Oriya". In Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh. The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. pp. 485–522. ISBN 978-0-7007-1130-7. Rabindra Nath Pati, Jagannatha Dash (2002). Tribal and Indigenous People of India: Problems and Prospects. India: APH PUBLISHING CORPORATION. pp. 51–59. ISBN 81-7648-322-2. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) Ghosh, A. (2003). An ethnolinguistic profile of Eastern India: a case of South Orissa. Burdwan: Dept. of Bengali (D.S.A.), University of Burdwan. Mohanty, Prasanna Kumar (2007). The History of: History of Oriya Literature (Oriya Sahityara Adya Aitihasika Gana). "Oriya Language and Literature" (PDF). Odia.org. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
External links[edit]
Odia edition of, the free encyclopedia
Media related to
Odia language
Odia language at Wikimedia Commons
Odia phrasebook travel guide from Wikivoyage
Odia
Praharaj, G.C. Purnnachandra Ordia Bhashakosha. Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya
Press, 1931-1940.
A Comprehensive English-Oriya Dictionary (1916–1922)
v t e
Languages of India
Official languages
Union-level
Hindi English
8th schedule to the Constitution of India
Assamese Bengali Bodo Dogri Gujarati Hindi Kannada Kashmiri Konkani Maithili Malayalam Meitei (Manipuri) Marathi Nepali Odia Punjabi Sanskrit Sindhi Santali Tamil Telugu Urdu
State-level only
Garo Gurung Khasi Kokborok Lepcha Limbu Mangar Mizo Newari Rai Sherpa Sikkimese Sunwar Tamang
Major unofficial languages
Over 1 million speakers
Angika Awadhi Bagheli Bagri Bajjika Bhili Bhojpuri Bundeli Chhattisgarhi Dhundhari Garhwali Gondi Harauti Haryanvi Ho Kangri Khandeshi Khortha Kumaoni Kurukh Lambadi Magahi Malvi Marwari Mewari Mundari Nimadi Rajasthani Sadri Surjapuri Tulu Wagdi Varhadi
100,000 – 1 million speakers
Adi Angami Ao Dimasa Halbi Karbi Kharia Kodava Kolami Konyak Korku Koya Kui Kuvi Ladakhi Lotha Malto Mishing Nishi Phom Rabha Sema Sora Tangkhul Thadou
v t e
Modern Indo-Aryan languages
Dardic
Dameli Domaaki Gawar-Bati Indus Kohistani Kalami Kalash Kashmiri Khowar Kundal Shahi Mankiyali Nangalami Palula Pashayi Sawi Shina Shumashti Torwali Ushoji
Northern
Eastern
Doteli Jumli Nepali Palpa
Central
Garhwali Kumaoni
Western
Dogri Kangri Mandeali
North- western
Punjabi
Punjabi
dialects
Lahnda
Hindko Khetrani Pahari-Pothwari Saraiki
Sindhi
Jadgali Kutchi Luwati Memoni Sindhi
Western
Gujarati
Aer Gujarati Jandavra Koli Lisan ud-Dawat Parkari Koli Saurashtra Vaghri
Bhil
Bhili Gamit Kalto Vasavi
Rajasthani
Bagri Goaria Gujari Jaipuri Malvi Marwari Mewari Dhatki
Others
Domari Khandeshi Romani
list of languages
Central
Western
Braj Bhasha Bundeli Haryanvi Hindustani
Hindi
Bombay Hindi
Urdu
Dakhini Hyderabadi Urdu Rekhta
Khariboli Kannauji Sansi Sadhukadi
Eastern
Awadhi
Bagheli
Chhattisgarhi
Fiji
Fiji Hindi
Others
Danwar Parya
Eastern
Bihari
Angika Bajjika Bhojpuri Caribbean Hindustani Kurmali Magahi Maithili Majhi Musasa Sadri
Bengali– Assamese
Assamese Bengali
dialects
Bishnupriya Manipuri Chakma Chittagonian Goalpariya Hajong Kamrupi Kharia Thar Kurmukar Rangpuri Rohingya Surjapuri Sylheti Tanchangya
Odia
Odia Kosli Bodo Parja Kupia Reli
Halbic
Halbi Bhatri Kamar Mirgan Nahari
Others
Mal Paharia
Southern
Marathi–Konkani
Konkani Kukna Marathi others..
Insular
Maldivian Sinhalese
Unclassified
Chinali Sheikhgal
Pidgins/ creoles
Andaman Creole Hindi Haflong Hindi Nagamese Nefamese Vedda
See also: Old and Middle Indo-Aryan; Indo-Iranian languages; Nuristani languages; Iranian languages
v t e
State of Odisha
Capital: Bhubaneswar
Governance
Governors Chief Ministers Legislative Assembly Political parties High Court Police
Topics
Arts Cinema Cuisine Culture Economy Education Elections Flora and Fauna Geography Highest point History
Historic sites Rulers
Language
Act Alphabet Literature Morphology
People Politics Tourism
GI Products
Berhampur
Berhampur Patta
Bomkai Sari
Dhalapathar Parda & Fabrics
Ganjam
Ganjam Kewda Flower
Ganjam
Ganjam Kewda Rooh
Gopalpur Tussar Fabrics
Habaspuri Saree & Fabrics
Khandua
Konark Stone Carving
Kotpad Handloom fabrics
Orissa Ikat
Pattachitra
Pipili applique work
Sambalpuri saree
Districts and divisions
Northern Division
Angul Balangir Bargarh Deogarh Dhenkanal Jharsuguda Kendujhar Sambalpur Subarnapur Sundargarh
Central Division
Balasore Bhadrak Cuttack Jagatsinghpur Jajpur Kendrapada Khordha Mayurbhanj Nayagarh Puri
Southern Division
Boudh Gajapati Ganjam Kalahandi Kandhamal Koraput Malkangiri Nabrangpur Nuapada Rayagada
Cities
Angul Balasore Barbil Bargarh Baripada Bhadrak Bhubaneswar Berhampur Cuttack Dhenkanal Jajpur Jharsuguda Puri Rourkela Sambalpur
Odisha
Odisha portal
Authority control
N