New wave in Yugoslavia ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Нови талас, Novi talas; hr, Novi val; sl, Novi val; mk, Нов бран) was the

new wave music New wave is a loosely defined music genre that encompasses pop-oriented styles from the late 1970s and the 1980s. It was originally used as a catch-all for the various styles of music that emerged after punk rock, including punk itself. La ...

scene of the

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply as Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe. It emerged in 1945, following World War II, and lasted until 1992, with the breakup of Yu ...

. As its counterparts, the British and the American new wave, from which the main influences came, the Yugoslav scene was also closely related to punk rock,

ska Ska (; ) is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae. It combined elements of Caribbean mento and calypso with American jazz and rhythm and blues. Ska is characterized by a walki ...

reggae Reggae () is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s. The term also denotes the modern popular music of Jamaica and its diaspora. A 1968 single by Toots and the Maytals, " Do the Reggay" was the first popular song to use ...

, 2 Tone,

power pop Power pop (also typeset as powerpop) is a form of pop rock based on the early music of bands such as the Who, the Beatles, the Beach Boys, and the Byrds. It typically incorporates melodic hooks, vocal harmonies, an energetic performance, and c ...

and

mod revival The mod revival was a subculture that started in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s and later spread to other countries (to a lesser degree). The mod revival's mainstream popularity was relatively short, although its influence lasted for de ...

. Some of its acts are also counted as belonging to the Yugoslav punk scene which already existed prior to new wave. Such artists were labeled as both punk rock and new wave (the term "new wave" was initially interchangeable with "punk").

Overview

The Non-Aligned

socialist Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the ...

Yugoslavia was never part of the Eastern Bloc and it was open to western influences (the

West West or Occident is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east and is the direction in which the Sun sets on the Earth. Etymology The word "west" is a Germanic word passed into some ...

to some extent even supported Yugoslavia as a " buffer zone" to the

Warsaw Pact The Warsaw Pact (WP) or Treaty of Warsaw, formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist repub ...

). The new wave scene in Yugoslavia emerged in the late

1970s File:1970s decade montage.jpg, Clockwise from top left: U.S. President Richard Nixon doing the V for Victory sign after his resignation from office following the Watergate scandal in 1974; The United States was still involved in the Vietnam War ...

and had a significant impact on the Yugoslav culture. The

Yugoslav rock scene Popular music in Yugoslavia includes the pop and rock music of the former SFR Yugoslavia, including all their genres and subgenres. The scene included the constituent republics: SR Slovenia, SR Croatia, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SR Montenegro, S ...

in general, including the freshly arrived new wave music, was socially accepted, well developed and covered in the media. New wave was especially advocated by the magazines ''Polet'' from

Zagreb Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slov ...

and ''

Džuboks ''Džuboks'' ( sr-cyr, italic=yes, Џубокс, trans. ''Jukebox'') was a Yugoslav music magazine. Launched in 1966, it was the very first magazine in SFR Yugoslavia dedicated predominantly to rock music and the first rock music magazine to be p ...

'' from Belgrade, as well as the TV show ''Rokenroler'', which was famous for its artistic music videos. This anti-establishment movement was even supported, although moderately, by the Communist authorities, particularly by the Communist youth organisation which often organized concerts, festivals, parties, exhibitions, and other cultural events. The lyrics that were criticizing and satirizing the flaws of the Yugoslav socialism were considered by the authorities as a "useful and friendly critique" and were often tolerated with certain cases of

censorship Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information. This may be done on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient". Censorship can be conducted by governments ...

. Especially the Zagreb-based band Azra, who were known for their

political Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that stud ...

and

social criticism Social criticism is a form of academic or journalistic criticism focusing on social issues in contemporary society, in particular with respect to perceived injustices and power relations in general. Social criticism of the Enlightenment The or ...

in their songs. The Yugoslav new wave scene also cooperated with various conceptual or artistic movements related to pop art,

avant-garde The avant-garde (; In 'advance guard' or ' vanguard', literally 'fore-guard') is a person or work that is experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society.John Picchione, The New Avant-garde in Italy: Theoretical ...

etc. Important artists of Yugoslav new wave were: Azra,

Šarlo Akrobata Šarlo Akrobata ( sr-Cyrl, Шарло Акробата; trans. ''Charlot the Acrobat'', a Serbo-Croatian language version of Charlie Chaplin's name in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) were a seminal Serbian new wave/post-punk band from Belgrade. Short-l ...

Idoli Idoli ( sr-cyr, Идоли; trans. The Idols) were a Serbian new wave band from Belgrade. They are considered to be one of the most notable acts of the Yugoslav rock scene, and their 1982 album '' Odbrana i poslednji dani'' was on several occa ...

(famous for their song " Maljčiki" and its respective video in which they ridiculed the

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...

soc-realism),

Pankrti Pankrti (The ''Bastards'' in Slovene) are a punk rock band from Ljubljana, Slovenia, active in the late 1970s and 1980s. They were known for provocative and political songs. They billed themselves as ''The First Punk Band Behind The Iron Curtai ...

(first Yugoslav punk band), Prljavo kazalište (started as a punk unit; the title of their second album '' Crno-bijeli svijet,'' which means "the black and white world", holds a reference to the 2 Tone movement),

Električni Orgazam Električni Orgazam ( sr-cyr, Електрични Оргазам, lit=Electric Orgasm, translit=) is a Serbian rock band from Belgrade. Originally starting as a combination of new wave, punk rock and post-punk, the band later slowly changed ...

(punk at the beginning, they moved towards

post-punk Post-punk (originally called new musick) is a broad music genre, genre of Punk Music, punk music that emerged in the late 1970s as musicians departed from punk's traditional elements and raw simplicity, instead adopting a variety of avant-garde s ...

and

psychedelia Psychedelia refers to the psychedelic subculture of the 1960s and the psychedelic experience. This includes psychedelic art, psychedelic music and style of dress during that era. This was primarily generated by people who used psychedelic ...

later and were described as "The Punk

Doors A door is a hinged or otherwise movable barrier that allows ingress (entry) into and egress (exit) from an enclosure. The created opening in the wall is a ''doorway'' or ''portal''. A door's essential and primary purpose is to provide security by ...

"),

Slađana Milošević Aleksandra Milošević Hagadone ( sr-cyr, Александра Милошевић Хагадон; born 3 October 1955), better known as Slađana Milošević ( sr-Cyrl, Слађана Милошевић, ) is a Serbian singer-songwriter, composer, ...

Haustor Haustor ( hr, Hallway or front door) was a Yugoslav rock band from Zagreb, SR Croatia, a member of the new wave movement, and an important act of the former Yugoslav rock scene. History The basis of the band was formed in 1977, when singer ...

(mostly

and similar influences, but with a more poetic and intellectual approach compared to some danceable bands),

Buldožer Buldožer (meaning " bulldozer"), was a Yugoslav-Slovenian progressive rock band from the 1970s and 1980s. They were one of the first bands in communist Yugoslavia that could be considered Avant-prog, and forefathers of the Yugoslav new wave ...

, Laboratorija Zvuka, Film (one of the first Yugoslav new wave groups), Lačni Franz and many others. Some of them genuinely started as new wave bands, while others previously adhered other styles (for example the members of Azra were previously into a somewhat hippie style prior to becoming a new wave band). With the decreasing popularity of 1970s hard rock and

progressive rock Progressive rock (shortened as prog rock or simply prog; sometimes conflated with art rock) is a broad genre of rock music that developed in the United Kingdom and United States through the mid- to late 1960s, peaking in the early 1970s. In ...

among the youths after the expansion of punk and new wave, even the cult rock band

Bijelo Dugme Bijelo Dugme (trans. ''White Button'') was a Yugoslav rock band, formed in Sarajevo, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1974. Bijelo Dugme is widely considered to have been the most popular band ever to exist in the former Socialist Federal Republic ...

decided to change its rural

folk Folk or Folks may refer to: Sociology *Nation *People * Folklore ** Folk art ** Folk dance ** Folk hero ** Folk music *** Folk metal *** Folk punk *** Folk rock ** Folk religion * Folk taxonomy Arts, entertainment, and media * Folk Plus or Fo ...

-ish hard rock style and jump onto the new wave bandwagon. They adopted the 2 Tone style for a short period of time while it was fashionable on their album '' Doživjeti stotu'' which featured the ska theme "Ha, ha, ha". The chorus lyrics were used as a title for the compilation album '' Svi marš na ples!''. Cult symbols of the Yugoslav new wave era are the compilation albums '' Paket aranžman'', '' Novi Punk Val'', '' Artistička radna akcija'' and especially the movie '' The Promising Boy''.

Decline

As new wave perished into the mid-

1980s File:1980s replacement montage02.PNG, 420px, From left, clockwise: The first Space Shuttle, ''Columbia'', lifts off in 1981; US president Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev ease tensions between the two superpowers, leading to the ...

, some of the bands split or took different musical directions. The period around 1982 is considered especially crucial concerning the decline of new wave in Yugoslavia. There were several other reasons why Yugoslav new wave started to fade beside the notable general decline of new wave around the world: the economical crisis in Yugoslavia in the first half of the 1980s and the political instability, especially in the

Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo The Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo, sh-Latn-Cyrl, Socijalistička Autonomna Pokrajina Kosovo, Социјалистичка Аутономна Покрајина Косово, separator=" / ", sq, Krahina Socialiste Autonome e Kosovë ...

1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major offensiv ...

after Josip Broz Tito's

death Death is the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain an organism. For organisms with a brain, death can also be defined as the irreversible cessation of functioning of the whole brain, including brainstem, and brain ...

. Also, the musical genres such as post-punk,

dark wave Dark wave (also typeset as darkwave) is a music genre that emerged from the new wave and post-punk movement of the late 1970s. Dark wave compositions are largely based on minor key tonality and introspective lyrics and have been perceived as be ...

and gothic rock, as well as New Romantic and synth-pop already saw a great expansion around the world, including Yugoslavia too.

changed from its initial ska and reggae-inspired period, embracing a deeper post-punk sound. They were also a support act of Gang of Four in Zagreb, before they finally split in 1981.

Milan Mladenović Milan Mladenović ( sr-Cyrl, Милан Младеновић; 21 September 1958 – 5 November 1994) was a Serbian and Yugoslavian musician best known as the frontman of the Yugoslav art rock band Ekatarina Velika. Early life Born to Serbia ...

, the band's notable

vocalist Singing is the act of creating musical sounds with the voice. A person who sings is called a singer, artist or vocalist (in jazz and/or popular music). Singers perform music (arias, recitatives, songs, etc.) that can be sung with or withou ...

and guitarist in 1982 formed the cult band Ekatarina Velika which was noted for its dark poetic post-punk style and intellectual attitude. In the same year, his bandmate Dušan "Koja" Kojić formed the group Disciplin A Kitschme (), a band influenced by a variety of music styles, which later rose to international prominence. Idoli, Prljavo kazalište and Film (the latter under the moniker '' Jura Stublić i Film'') later became pop or

pop rock Pop rock (also typeset as pop/rock) is a fusion genre with an emphasis on professional songwriting and recording craft, and less emphasis on attitude than rock music. Originating in the late 1950s as an alternative to normal rock and roll, earl ...

and all of them respectively achieved great mainstream success. During the 1980s, Azra gradually moved to more conventional rock with occasional use of

folk rock Folk rock is a hybrid music genre that combines the elements of folk and rock music, which arose in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom in the mid-1960s. In the U.S., folk rock emerged from the folk music revival. Performers s ...

elements. Johnny Štulić's poetic trademarks were still notable throughout their lyrics; Električni Orgazam soon became a successful mainstream rock band inspired mostly by the 1960s including artists such as

The Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones are an English Rock music, rock band formed in London in 1962. Active for six decades, they are one of the most popular and enduring bands of the album era, rock era. In the early 1960s, the Rolling Stones pioneered the g ...

Legacy

The Yugoslav new wave period is still considered the golden age of pop and rock music in the countries that emerged after the breakup of Yugoslavia. The Yugoslav new wave scene gave birth to some of the most important Yugoslav acts ever and it was acclaimed by the Western media (notably by '' Melody Maker'') for its quality and originality as well. In 2004, Igor Mirković made a film titled ''

Sretno dijete ''Sretno dijete'' (English: ''Happy child'') is a Croatian documentary film directed by Igor Mirković, and produced by Rajko Grlić, an Ohio University professor of film, in 2003. The film is a nostalgic autobiographical overview of the authors a ...

'' (''Happy Child'') named after a song by Prljavo kazalište. The movie covers the events in the former Yugoslav new wave scene.

Bands

* In SR Slovenia: ** Avtomobili (

Nova Gorica A nova (plural novae or novas) is a transient astronomical event that causes the sudden appearance of a bright, apparently "new" star (hence the name "nova", which is Latin for "new") that slowly fades over weeks or months. Causes of the dramat ...

) - early period ** Borghesia (

Ljubljana Ljubljana (also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia. It is the country's cultural, educational, economic, political and administrative center. During antiquity, a Roman city called Emona stood in the are ...

) **

(Ljubljana) ** Demolition Group (

Brežice Brežice (; german: Rann ) is a town in eastern Slovenia in the Lower Sava Valley, near the Croatian border. It is the seat of the Municipality of Brežice. It lies in the center of the Brežice Plain ( sl, Brežiško polje), which is part of the ...

) ** Gast'r'bajtr's ** Lačni Franz ( Maribor) **

(Ljubljana) **

Otroci Socializma Otroci ( sr-Cyrl, отроци) is a Serbian word literally meaning 'children' ( sr, отрок, otrok, child). The meaning of the word implies a higher degree of dependence of this population category. They represented a category of dependent peo ...

(Ljubljana) ** Videosex (Ljubljana) * In

SR Croatia The Socialist Republic of Croatia ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska, Социјалистичка Република Хрватска), or SR Croatia, was a constituent republic and federated state of the Sociali ...

: ** Aerodrom (

) - on album ''Tango Bango'' only ** Animatori (Zagreb) ** Azra (Zagreb) ** Boa (Zagreb) **

Denis & Denis Denis & Denis was a Croatian and Yugoslav synth-pop group formed in Rijeka in 1982. They were one of the most popular acts of the Yugoslav synth-pop scene. Formed as a duo consisting of keyboardist and vocalist Davor Tolja and vocalist Marina Per ...

( Rijeka) ** Film (Zagreb) **

(Zagreb) ** Metak (Split) ** Neki to vole vruće (Zagreb) ** Parlament (Croatian band) (Zagreb) ** Patrola (Zagreb) ** Problemi (Pula) ** Paraf (Rijeka) **

Parni Valjak Parni Valjak (; "steamroller") is a Croatian and former Yugoslav rock band. They were one of the top acts of the former Yugoslav rock scene, and one of the top rock bands in Croatia. Biography Parni Valjak was founded in 1975 in Zagreb. Unl ...

(Zagreb) - on album ''Vruće Igre'' only ** Prljavo kazalište (Zagreb) ** Stidljiva ljubičica (Vrbovec) ** Termiti (Rijeka) ** Zvijezde (Zagreb) ** Xenia (Rijeka/Zagreb) - early period * In

SR Serbia , life_span = 1944–1992 , status = Constituent state of Yugoslavia , p1 = Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia , flag_p1 = Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg , p2 ...

, including

Vojvodina Vojvodina ( sr-Cyrl, Војводина}), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia. It lies within the Pannonian Basin, bordered to the south by the national capital ...

and

Kosovo Kosovo ( sq, Kosova or ; sr-Cyrl, Косово ), officially the Republic of Kosovo ( sq, Republika e Kosovës, links=no; sr, Република Косово, Republika Kosovo, links=no), is a partially recognised state in Southeast Euro ...

: **

Bezobrazno Zeleno Bezobrazno Zeleno ( sr-cyr, Безобразно Зелено, trans. ''Rudely Green'') was a Yugoslav rock band formed in Belgrade in 1980. Led by bass guitarist Bojan Vasić, the band belonged to the second generation of Belgrade new wave ba ...

( Belgrade) - early period ** Bigoti (Niš) ** Boye (

Novi Sad Novi Sad ( sr-Cyrl, Нови Сад, ; hu, Újvidék, ; german: Neusatz; see below for other names) is the second largest city in Serbia and the capital of the autonomous province of Vojvodina. It is located in the southern portion of the Pan ...

) - early period ** Bulevar (Belgrade) ** Čista Proza (Novi Sad) ** Defektno Efektni (Belgrade) ** Dobri Isak (Niš) **

Doktor Spira i Ljudska Bića Doktor Spira i Ljudska Bića ( sr-cyr, Доктор Спира и Људска Бића; trans. ''Doctor Spira and the Human Beings'') were a Serbian new wave/alternative rock band from Belgrade. They were a prominent act of the Yugoslav new wav ...

(Belgrade) **

Grupa I Grupa I ( sr-Cyrl, Група И; trans. ''Group I'') was a Serbian and former Yugoslav new wave band from Belgrade, active in the late 1970s and early 1980s. History The band was formed in January 1979 by guitarists Dejan Kostić and Predrag ...

(Belgrade) ** Gjurmët (

Pristina Pristina, ; sr, / (, ) is the capital and largest city of Kosovo. The city's municipal boundaries in Pristina District form the largest urban center in Kosovo. After Tirana, Pristina has the second largest population of ethnic Albanians an ...

) **

(Belgrade) ** Kontraritam (Novi Sad) ** Kozmetika (Belgrade) **

Laki Pingvini Laki Pingvini ( sr-Cyrl, Лаки Пингвини; transl. ''The Easy Penguins'') were a Serbian and Yugoslav rock band formed in Belgrade in 1979. Initially a part of the Yugoslav new wave scene, the band later turned towards synth-pop and ...

(Belgrade) - early period **

La Strada ''La strada'' () is a 1954 Italian drama film directed by Federico Fellini and co-written by Fellini, Tullio Pinelli and Ennio Flaiano. The film tells the story of Gelsomina, a simple-minded young woman ( Giulietta Masina) bought from her mothe ...

(Novi Sad) - early period **

Luna Luna commonly refers to: * Earth's Moon, named "Luna" in Latin * Luna (goddess), the ancient Roman personification of the Moon Luna may also refer to: Places Philippines * Luna, Apayao * Luna, Isabela * Luna, La Union * Luna, San Jose Roma ...

(Novi Sad) ** Laboratorija Zvuka (Novi Sad) - on album ''Duboko u tebi'' only **

Obojeni Program Obojeni Program ( sr-cyr, Обојени Програм, trans. ''Colored Program'') is a Serbian alternative rock band from Novi Sad. The band are pioneers of the Serbian alternative rock scene. The first letters of the band's first seven studio a ...

(Novi Sad) - early period **

Pekinška Patka Pekinška Patka (Serbian Cyrillic: Пекиншка Патка; trans. ''Peking Duck'') is an eminent Serbian and former Yugoslav punk rock band from Novi Sad. Their debut album, '' Plitka poezija'', released in 1980, is considered the first pu ...

(Novi Sad) ** Pasta ZZ ( Belgrade) **

Petar i Zli Vuci Petar i Zli Vuci ( sr-cyr, Петар и Зли Вуци; trans. ''Peter and the Wolf Pack'') were a former Yugoslav new wave/ ska band from Belgrade, notable as the participant of the '' Artistička radna akcija'' project. History During the ...

(Belgrade) ** Piloti (Belgrade) **

Profili Profili Profili Profili ( sr-cyr, Профили Профили, trans: ''Profiles Profiles'') was a Serbian and former Yugoslav new wave/experimental music duo from Belgrade, notable as the participant of the '' Artistička radna akcija'' project in 19 ...

(Belgrade) ** Propaganda (Belgrade) ** Radnička Kontrola (Belgrade) **

(Belgrade) - on album ''Neutral Design'' only **

(Belgrade) ** TV Moroni (Belgrade) **

Urbana Gerila Urbana Gerila ( sr-cyr, Урбана Герила, trans: '' Urban Guerrilla'') was a former Yugoslav punk rock and new wave band from Belgrade. The band is notable as the participant of the '' Artistička radna akcija'' project in 1981. In 19 ...

(Belgrade) ** U Škripcu (Belgrade) - early period **

VIA Talas VIA Talas ( sr-cyr, ВИА Талас; trans. ''VIE The Wave'') was a former Yugoslav new wave band, notable as one of the participants of the '' Artistička radna akcija'' project. The band name featured the prefix ''VIA'' added to the former Y ...

(Belgrade) ** Zana (Belgrade) - early period * In

SR Bosnia and Herzegovina The Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Socijalistička Republika Bosna i Hercegovina, Социјалистичка Pепублика Босна и Херцеговина), commonly referred to as Socia ...

: **

(

Sarajevo Sarajevo ( ; cyrl, Сарајево, ; ''see names in other languages'') is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area including Sarajevo ...

) - on album '' Doživjeti stotu'' only ** Kongres (

) **

Pauk Pauk may refer to: People * Alex Pauk (born 1945), Canadian conductor and composer * Goran Pauk (born 1962), Croatian politician * György Pauk (born 1936), Hungarian violinist * Ke Pauk (1934–2002), Cambodian communist * Paul Pauk (1912– ...

(

Zavidovići Zavidovići ( sr-cyrl, Завидовићи) is a town and municipality located in Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, located b ...

) ** Zabranjeno Pušenje (Sarajevo) - on album '' Das ist Walter'' only **Bonton Baya (Sarajevo) - ELPI 1983 * In SR Macedonia: ** Cilinder (

Skopje Skopje ( , , ; mk, Скопје ; sq, Shkup) is the capital and List of cities in North Macedonia by population, largest city of North Macedonia. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre. The territory of Sk ...

) **

Haos in Laos Haos in Laos ( mk, Хаос ин Лаос) was a Macedonian new wave and pop-rock band from Skopje, SR Macedonia from 1984–1987. Its frontman Risto Samardžiev, formerly a vocalist of the band Cilindar, later started a successful solo career as ...

(

) **

Mizar Mizar is a second- magnitude star in the handle of the Big Dipper asterism in the constellation of Ursa Major. It has the Bayer designation ζ Ursae Majoris ( Latinised as Zeta Ursae Majoris). It forms a well-known naked eye ...

(

) - early period ** Badmingtons (

) ** Bastion (

) ** Padot na Vizantija (

)- early period **

Aleksandar Makedonski Aleksandar Makedonski (Macedonian language: Александар Македонски, meaning in English: Alexander of Macedonia) was a North Macedonia, Macedonian and former Yugoslavia, former Yugoslav rock band. Biography Aleksandar Makedonski ...

(

) ** Fol Jazik (

)

References

*Petar Janjatović "Drugom stranom - Almanah novog talasa u SFRJ" (co-authors David Albahari and Dragan Kremer), 1983
Petar Janjatović "Ilustrovana Enciklopedija Yu Rocka 1960-1997", publisher: Geopoetika, 1997

Petar Janjatović "EX YU ROCK enciklopedija 1960-2006"
*Dragan Pavlov and Dejan Šunjka "Punk u Jugoslaviji" (Punk in Yugoslavia), publisher: IGP Dedalus, Yugoslavia, 1990. *

documentary film A documentary film or documentary is a non-fictional motion-picture intended to "document reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education or maintaining a historical record". Bill Nichols has characterized the documentary in te ...

Notes

Related movies

*''

'' *'' Davitelj protiv davitelja'' *''Dečko koji obećava'' *''Dezerteri Roka''

External links

Film "Neprilagodjen" videoIdoli "Maljčiki" videoŠarlo Akrobata "Pečati" video"Paket Aranžman" and "Artistička radna akcija" review at terapija.net e-zine

Essay: "Singing Cities: Images of the City in Ex-Yu Popular Music"
at Blesok literature magazine, Skopje, Macedonia {{Rock music , state=collapsed New wave music Yugoslav rock music Yugoslav music Serbian rock music Bosnia and Herzegovina music Macedonian music Montenegrin styles of music Music history of Slovenia Croatian music history Music in Vojvodina Music scenes 1970s in Yugoslavia 1980s in Yugoslavia

Overview

Decline

Legacy

Bands

See also

References

Notes

Related movies

External links