This is a list of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000) AD, such as the heads of state,

heads of government The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a gro ...

, and the general secretaries of single-party states. These polities are generally

sovereign state A sovereign state or sovereign country, is a polity, political entity represented by one central government that has supreme legitimate authority over territory. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defin ...

s, including

states with limited recognition A number of polities have declared independence and sought diplomatic recognition from the international community as sovereign states, but have not been universally recognised as such. These entities often have ''de facto'' control of thei ...

(when recognised by at least one UN member state), but excludes ''minor''

dependent territories A dependent territory, dependent area, or dependency (sometimes referred as an external territory) is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state, yet remains politically outside the controlli ...

, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 20th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies,

protectorate A protectorate, in the context of international relations, is a State (polity), state that is under protection by another state for defence against aggression and other violations of law. It is a dependent territory that enjoys autonomy over m ...

s, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.

Africa

Africa: Central

''Angola'' * Portuguese Angola, ( complete list) – :''Colony, 1575–1951; Overseas province, 1951–1975'' :''For details see the

Kingdom of Portugal The Kingdom of Portugal ( la, Regnum Portugalliae, pt, Reino de Portugal) was a monarchy in the western Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of the modern Portuguese Republic. Existing to various extents between 1139 and 1910, it was also kno ...

under Southwest Europe'' *

Democratic People's Republic of Angola The Democratic People's Republic of Angola was a rival government to that of the People's Republic of Angola. It was declared by the FNLA and UNITA in the city of Huambo. It was formed during the dawn of Angolan independence, in November 1975, th ...

:*Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

Holden Roberto Álvaro Holden Roberto (January 12, 1923 – August 2, 2007) was an Angolan politician who founded and led the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) from 1962 to 1999. His memoirs are unfinished. Early life Roberto, son of Garcia Diasiwa ...

, President (1975–1976) ::*

Jonas Savimbi Jonas Malheiro Savimbi (; 3 August 1934 – 22 February 2002) was an Angolan revolutionary politician and rebel military leader who founded and led the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). UNITA waged a guerrilla war agai ...

, President (1975–1976, 1979–2002) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

José Ndele José Ndele (13 August 1940 — 19 April 2000) served as Joint Prime Minister of the Democratic People's Republic of Angola, alongside Johnny Eduardo Pinnock, from 23 November 1975 to 11 February 1976. His political party was UNITA The Nati ...

Johnny Eduardo Pinnock Johnny Eduardo Pinnock (1942 - 2000) served as Joint Prime Minister of the Democratic People's Republic of Angola, alongside José Ndele, from November 23, 1975 to February 11, 1976. His political party was FNLA The National Front for the Liber ...

, joint Prime ministers (1975–1976) * People's Republic of Angola :* Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

Agostinho Neto António Agostinho da Silva Neto (17 September 1922 – 10 September 1979) was an Angolan politician and poet. He served as the first president of Angola from 1975 to 1979, having led the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) i ...

, President (1975–1979) ::*

Lúcio Lara Lúcio Rodrigo Leite Barreto de Lara (April 9, 1929 – February 27, 2016), also known by the pseudonym Tchiweka, was a physicist-mathematician, politician, professor, anti-colonial ideologist and one of the founding members (and president) of t ...

, Interim President (1979) ::*

José Eduardo dos Santos José Eduardo dos Santos (; 28 August 1942 – 8 July 2022) was the president of Angola from 1979 to 2017. As president, dos Santos was also the commander-in-chief of the Angolan Armed Forces (FAA) and president of the People's Movement for the ...

, President (1979–2017) :* Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

Lopo do Nascimento Lopo Fortunato Ferreira do Nascimento (born 10 July 1942) is an Angolan retired politician. He served as the first Prime Minister of Angola from 11 November 1975 to 9 December 1978 and was Secretary-General of the Popular Movement for the Liberat ...

, Prime minister (1975–1978) ::* Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime minister (1991–1992, 1996–1999, 2002–2008) *Republic of

Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...

:* Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

, President (1979–2017) :* Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

Marcolino Moco Marcolino José Carlos Moco (Chitue, Ekunha, June 19, 1953) is an Angolan politician. He was the 3rd Prime Minister of Angola from December 2, 1992, until June 3, 1996."Do something" ''The Economist'' (London); Jun 8, 1996; p. 45 He served as ...

, Prime minister (1992–1996) ::* Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime minister (1991–1992, 1996–1999, 2002–2008) * Republic of Cabinda – :*

Henrique N'zita Tiago Henrique N'zita Tiago (14 July 1927 – 3 June 2016) was President of the Armed Forces of Cabinda, a rebel group that fights for the independence of Cabinda from Angola. He died in Paris on 3 June 2016. It was reported that Tiago was 88 years ol ...

, Provisional government leader (1975) :*

Luis Ranque Franque Luis Ranque Franque was Cabinda Nationalist Leader who served as the President of Cabinda and first president and founder of Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda The Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda ( pt, Fren ...

, President (1975–1976) ''Cameroon'' * French Cameroons, part of French Equatorial Africa ( complete list) – :''United Nations trust territory, 1946–1960'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' * British Cameroons part of

British West Africa British West Africa was the collective name for British colonies in West Africa during the colonial period, either in the general geographical sense or the formal colonial administrative entity. British West Africa as a colonial entity was orig ...

( complete list) – :''United Nations trust territory, 1946–1961'' :''For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Republic of

Cameroon Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cameroun, links=no), is a country in west-central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the C ...

:*Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

Ahmadou Ahidjo Ahmadou Babatoura Ahidjo (24 August 192430 November 1989) was a Cameroonian politician who was the first List of Presidents of Cameroon, President of Cameroon, holding the office from 1960 until 1982. Ahidjo played a major role in Cameroon's inde ...

, President (1960–1982) ::* Paul Biya, President (1982–present) :* Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

, Prime minister (1958–1960) ::*

Charles Assalé Charles Assalé (4 November 1911 in South Province – 10 December 1999 in Yaoundé) was a Cameroonian politician of the Union of the Peoples of Cameroon. He served as Minister of Finance of French Cameroon French Cameroon or French Cameroons ...

, Prime minister (1960–1961) ::''East Cameroon'' ::*

, Prime minister (1961–1965) ::*

Vincent de Paul Ahanda Vincent de Paul Ahanda (24 June 1918 – 12 September 1975) was the prime minister of Cameroon in the Federal Republic of Cameroon Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cam ...

, Prime minister (1965) ::*

Simon Pierre Tchoungui Simon Pierre Tchoungui (28 October 1916 – 23 July 1997) was a medical doctor who was appointed Prime Minister of Cameroon from October 1965 until 20 May 1972, when the United Republic of Cameroon came into being. Early years Simon Pierre Tchoun ...

, Prime minister (1965–1972) ::''West Cameroon'' ::* John Ngu Foncha, Prime minister (1961–1965) ::*

Augustine Ngom Jua Augustine Ngom Jua (24 November 1924 – 30 December 1977) was the prime minister of the state of West Cameroon (formerly British Cameroons) in the Federal Republic of Cameroon from 13 May 1965 to 11 January 1968. Early life, education and care ...

, Prime minister (1965–1968) ::* Salomon Tandeng Muna, Prime minister (1968–1972) ::''United Cameroon'' ::* Paul Biya, Prime minister (1972–1982) ::* Bello Bouba Maigari, Prime minister (1982–1983) ::* Luc Ayang, Prime minister (1983–1984) ::* Sadou Hayatou, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::* Simon Achidi Achu, Prime minister (1992–1996) ::* Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime minister (1996–2004) ''Central African Republic'' *

Ubangi-Shari Ubangi-Shari (french: Oubangui-Chari) was a French colony in central Africa, a part of French Equatorial Africa. It was named after the Ubangi and Chari rivers along which it was colonised. It was established on 29 December 1903, from the U ...

part of French Equatorial Africa ( complete list) – :''French colony, 1903–1958'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' *

Central African Republic The Central African Republic (CAR; ; , RCA; , or , ) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the southeast, the DR Congo to the south, the Republic of th ...

:*Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

David Dacko David Dacko (; 1927 – 21 November 2003) was a Central African politician who served as the first president of the Central African Republic from 14 August 1960 to 1 January 1966, and 3rd President from 21 September 1979 to 1 September 1981. Af ...

, President (1960–1966) ::* Jean-Bédel Bokassa :::*President (1966–1976) :::*Emperor of the Central African Empire (1976–1979) ::*

, President (1979–1981) ::* André Kolingba, President (1981–1993) ::*

Ange-Félix Patassé Ange-Félix Patassé (January 25, 1937 – April 5, 2011) was a Central African politician who was President of the Central African Republic from 1993 until 2003, when he was deposed by the rebel leader François Bozizé in the 2003 coup d'ét ...

, President (1993–2003) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

, Prime minister (1959–1960) ::*

Elisabeth Domitien Elisabeth Domitien (1925 – 26 April 2005) served as the prime minister of the Central African Republic from 1975 to 1976. She was the first and only woman to hold the position. Family background Domitien was born in Lobaye. The family ha ...

, Prime minister (1975–1976) ::*

, Prime minister of the Central African Empire (1976–1978) ::*

Henri Maïdou Henri Maïdou (born 14 February 1936) is a retired Central African politician who served as Prime Minister of the Central African Empire (Central African Republic) from 14 July 1978 to 26 September 1979, and Vice President of the CAR in the ca ...

, Prime minister of the Central African Empire (1978–1979) ::*

Bernard Ayandho Bernard Ayandho (15 December 1930 – 18 December 1993) was a Central African politician and diplomat. He was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 26 September 1979 to 22 August 1980. Biography Ayandho was born on 15 December 1930 ...

, Prime minister (1979–1980) ::* Jean-Pierre Lebouder, Prime minister (1980–1981) ::*

Simon Narcisse Bozanga Simon Narcisse Bozanga (26 December 1942 – 7 July 2010) was a Central African politician. He was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 4 April 1981 to 1 September 1981, when his government was overthrown by a military coup. Biogra ...

, Prime minister (1981) ::* Édouard Frank, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*

Timothée Malendoma Timothée Malendoma (1935 – 12 December 2010) was a Central African politician who served as the 12th Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 4 December 1992 to 26 February 1993. He was the President of the Civic Forum party. Early ...

, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*

Enoch Derant Lakoué Enoch Derant Lakoué (born 5 October 1944) is a Central African politician who was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 26 February 1993 to 25 October 1993. Early life Lakoué was born on 5 October 1944 in Fort Lamy (now N'Djamena) ...

, Prime minister (1993) ::*

Jean-Luc Mandaba Jean-Luc Mandaba (15 August 1943 – 22 October 2000) was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 25 October 1993 to 12 April 1995 under President Ange-Félix Patassé. Biography Mandaba was born on 15 August 1943 in Bangui. He receive ...

, Prime minister (1993–1995) ::* Gabriel Koyambounou, Prime minister (1995–1996) ::*

Jean-Paul Ngoupandé Jean-Paul Ngoupandé (6 December 1948 – 4 May 2014) was a Central African politician who was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 1996 to 1997. He stood as a presidential candidate in 1999 and 2005, and he served as Minister o ...

, Prime minister (1996–1997) ::* Michel Gbezera-Bria, Prime minister (1997–1999) ::* Anicet-Georges Dologuélé, Prime minister (1999–2001) ''Chad'' *

French Chad Chad was a part of the French colonial empire from 1900 to 1960. Colonial rule under the French began in 1900 when the Military Territory of Chad was established. From 1905, Chad was linked to the federation of French colonial possessions in Mi ...

, part of French Equatorial Africa ( complete list) – :''Colony, 1900–1960'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' *Republic of

Chad Chad (; ar, تشاد , ; french: Tchad, ), officially the Republic of Chad, '; ) is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic ...

:*Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

François Tombalbaye François Tombalbaye ( ar, فرنسوا تومبالباي '; 15 June 1918 – 13 April 1975), also known as N'Garta Tombalbaye, was a Chadian politician who served as the first President of Chad from the country's independence in 1960 until ...

, President (1960–1975) ::* Noël Milarew Odingar, President (1975) ::*

Félix Malloum Félix Malloum or Félix Malloum Ngakoutou Bey-Ndi ( ar, فليكس معلوم '; 10 September 1932 – 12 June 2009) was a Chadian military officer and politician who served as the second President of Chad from 1975 to 1978. A native of s ...

, President (1975–1979) ::*

Goukouni Oueddei Goukouni Oueddei ( ar, كوكوني عويدي '; born 1944 in Zouar) is a Chadian politician who served as President of Chad from 1979 to 1982. A northerner, Goukouni commanded FROLINAT rebels with Libyan support during the first Chadian Civi ...

, President (1979) ::*

Lol Mahamat Choua Lol Mahamat Choua ( ar, لول محمد شوا; 15 June 1939 – 15 September 2019) was a Chadian politician who served as his country's head of state for four months in 1979. He was the President of the Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP) po ...

, President (1979) ::*

, President (1979–1982) ::* Hissène Habré, President (1982–1990) ::*

Idriss Déby Idriss Déby Itno ' (18 June 1952 – 20 April 2021) was a Chadian politician and military officer who was the president of Chad from 1990 until his death in 2021. Déby was a member of the Bidayat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. A high-ranki ...

, President (1990–2021) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::* Hissène Habré, Prime minister (1978–1979) ::*

Djidingar Dono Ngardoum Djidingar Dono Ngardoum (1928 – February 19, 2000) was Prime Minister of Chad from May 19, 1982 to June 19, 1982. He was minister of finance A finance minister is an executive or cabinet position in charge of one or more of government f ...

, Prime minister (1982) ::*

Jean Alingué Bawoyeu Jean Alingué Bawoyeu (born August 18, 1937), known in French as the ''vieux sage'', which translates as "wise elder", is a Chadian politician who was Prime Minister of Chad from 1991 to 1992. During the 1970s, he served successively as Ambassado ...

, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*

Joseph Yodoyman Joseph Yodoyman (1950 – November 22, 1993) was a Chadian politician and civil servant, who held the post of Prime Minister under President Idriss Déby from 1992 to 1993. Originally from southern Chad, he graduated at the Institut international ...

, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::* Fidèle Moungar, Prime minister (1993) ::*

Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye Nouradine Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye ( ar, نور الدين دلوا كوماكوي; born December 31, 1949 Koibla Djimasta Koibla Djimasta (1950 – January 30, 2007) was a Chadian politician of Sara ethnicity from the southern Chari-Baguirmi Prefecture. An administrator, Djimasta held various cabinet positions under Presidents Hissène Habré and Idriss Déby, ...

, Prime minister (1995–1997) ::*

Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido (born 1947) is a Chadian politician who was Prime Minister of Chad from 1997 to 1999 and was President of the National Assembly of Chad from 2002 to 2011. He was Secretary-General of the Economic Community of Central ...

, Prime minister (1997–1999) ::*

Nagoum Yamassoum Nagoum Yamassoum (born 1954) is a Chadian politician who was Prime Minister of Chad from 1999 to 2002 and Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from 2003 to 2005. He is from the district of Grande Sido in the region of Moyen Chari. Early life a ...

, Prime minister (1999–2002) ''Congo, Democratic Republic of the'' *

Belgian Congo The Belgian Congo (french: Congo belge, ; nl, Belgisch-Congo) was a Belgian colony in Central Africa from 1908 until independence in 1960. The former colony adopted its present name, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), in 1964. Colo ...

( complete list) – :''Colony, 1908–1960'' :''For details see the

Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to th ...

under Western Europe'' * Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) :*Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

Joseph Kasa-Vubu Joseph Kasa-Vubu, alternatively Joseph Kasavubu, ( – 24 March 1969) was a Congolese politician who served as the first President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Republic of the Congo) from 1960 until 1965. A member of the Kong ...

, President (1960–1965) ::*

Antoine Gizenga Antoine Gizenga (5 October 1925 – 24 February 2019) was a Congolese (DRC) politician who was the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 30 December 2006 to 10 October 2008. He was the Secretary-General of the Unified Lumum ...

, ''Rebel'' President (1961) ::*

Mobutu Sese Seko Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga (; born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; 14 October 1930 – 7 September 1997) was a Congolese politician and military officer who was the president of Zaire from 1965 to 1997 (known as the Democratic Republic o ...

, President (1965–1971) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::* Patrice Lumumba, Prime minister (1960) ::*

Joseph Iléo Joseph Iléo (15 September 1921 – 19 September 1994), subsequently Zairianised as Sombo Amba Iléo, was a politician in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and was prime minister for two periods. Early life Joseph Iléo was born on 15 ...

, Prime minister (1960) ::*

Justin Marie Bomboko Justin-Marie Bomboko Lokumba Is Elenge (22 September 1928 – 10 April 2014), was a Congolese politician and statesman. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Congo. He served as leader of the Congolese government as chairman of the Coll ...

, Prime minister (1960–1961) ::*

, Prime minister (1961) ::*

, ''Rebel'', Prime minister (1960–1961) ::*

Cyrille Adoula Cyrille Adoula (13 September 1921 – 24 May 1978) was a Congolese trade unionist and politician. He was the prime minister of the Republic of the Congo, from 2 August 1961 until 30 June 1964. Early life and career Cyrille Adoula was born to ...

, Prime minister (1961–1964) ::* Moise Tshombe, Prime minister (1964–1965) ::*

Évariste Kimba Évariste Leon Kimba Mutombo (16 July 1926 – 2 June 1966) was a Congolese journalist and politician who served as Foreign Minister of the State of Katanga from 1960 to 1963 and Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 13 Oct ...

, Prime minister (1965) ::*

Léonard Mulamba Major-General Léonard Mulamba (1928 – 12 August 1986), subsequently Zairianised as Mulamba Nyunyi wa Kadima, was a military and political leader of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Biography Then-Colonel Mulamba was Chief of Staff of t ...

, Prime minister (1965–1966) *

State of Katanga The State of Katanga; sw, Inchi Ya Katanga) also sometimes denoted as the Republic of Katanga, was a breakaway state that proclaimed its independence from Congo-Léopoldville on 11 July 1960 under Moise Tshombe, leader of the local ''Co ...

– :*

Moïse Tshombe Moïse Kapenda Tshombe (sometimes written Tshombé) (10 November 1919 – 29 June 1969) was a Congolese businessman and politician. He served as the president of the secessionist State of Katanga from 1960 to 1963 and as prime minister of the Re ...

, President (1960–1963) * South Kasai – :*

Albert Kalonji Albert Kalonji Ditunga (6 June 1929 – 20 April 2015) was a Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congolese politician best known as the leader of the short-lived secessionist state of South Kasai (''Sud-Kasaï'') during the Congo Crisis. Ear ...

, President (1960–1961), Mulopwe (1961–1962) *

Zaire Zaire (, ), officially the Republic of Zaire (french: République du Zaïre, link=no, ), was a Congolese state from 1971 to 1997 in Central Africa that was previously and is now again known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Zaire was, ...

:* Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

, President (1971–1997) :*Heads of government ( complete list) – ::* Mpinga Kasenda, Prime minister (1977–1979) ::* Bo-Boliko Lokonga, Prime minister (1979–1980) ::* Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond, First state commissioner (1980–1981) ::*

N'Singa Udjuu Joseph N'Singa Udjuu Ongwabeki Untubwe (29 September 1934 – 24 February 2021) was a Congolese politician. He served as the First State Commissioner of Zaire from 23 April 1981 to 5 November 1982. From 1966 to 1969, he also served as Minister of ...

, First state commissioner (1981–1982) ::*

Léon Kengo Leon, Léon (French) or León (Spanish) may refer to: Places Europe * León, Spain, capital city of the Province of León * Province of León, Spain * Kingdom of León, an independent state in the Iberian Peninsula from 910 to 1230 and again fro ...

, First state commissioner (1982–1986) ::*

Mabi Mulumba Évariste Mabi Mulumba (born 22 April 1941) is a Congolese former politician. He was Minister of Finance of Zaire from October 1986 to January 1987. He served as the First State Commissioner of Zaire Zaire (, ), officially the Republic of ...

, First state commissioner (1987–1988) ::*

Jules Fontaine Sambwa Jules-Fontaine Sambwa (12 November 1940 – 4 March 1998) was a Zairean political officeholder and economist. Biography Jules-Fontaine Sambwa Pida Nbagui was born in Mbandaka, on 12 November 1940. He died on 4 March 1998. After graduating in Econom ...

, First state commissioner (1988) ::*

, First state commissioner (1988–1990) ::*

Lunda Bululu Vincent de Paul Lunda Bululu (born 15 October 1942) is a Congolese former politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Zaire from 5 July 1990 to 1 April 1991. He previously served as First State Commissioner of Zaire from 4 May 1990 to 5 July 19 ...

, Prime minister (1990–1991) ::*

Mulumba Lukoji Crispin Mulumba Lukoji (5 March 1943 – 3 March 1997), was a Congolese politician. An academic by profession, he became Prime Minister of Zaire on 1 April 1991 after Lunda Bululu resigned. He was relatively unknown prior to his selection, but wa ...

, Prime minister (1991) ::* Étienne Tshisekedi, Prime minister (1991) ::*

Bernardin Mungul Diaka Bernardin Mungul Diaka ( Kirondo ( Bandundu), 12 November 1933 – Kinshasa, 3 June 1999) was a Congolese/Zairean diplomat and politician. He started his career as the director of Minister of Defence Patrice Lumumba in 1960. After the Dissolutio ...

, Prime minister (1991) ::* Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::* Étienne Tshisekedi, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::* Faustin Birindwa, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*

, First state commissioner (1994–1997) ::* Étienne Tshisekedi, Prime minister (1997) ::* Likulia Bolongo, Prime minister (1997) *

Democratic Republic of the Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...

( complete list) – :* Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President (1997–2001) ''Congo: Republic of the'' * French Equatorial Africa ( complete list) – :''Federation of colonies, 1910–1934; Colony, 1934–1958'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' *

Republic of the Congo The Republic of the Congo (french: République du Congo, ln, Republíki ya Kongó), also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa to the w ...

(Brazzaville) :*Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

Fulbert Youlou Abbé Fulbert Youlou (29 June,In ''African Powder Keg: Revolt and Dissent in Six Emergent Nations'', author Ronald Matthews lists Youlou's date of birth as 9 June 1917. This date is also listed in ''Annuaire parlementaire des États d'Afrique noi ...

, President (1960–1963) ::* Alphonse Massamba-Débat, President (1963–1968) ::* Alfred Raoul, President (1968–1969) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::* Alphonse Massamba-Débat, Prime minister (1963) ::* Pascal Lissouba, Prime minister (1963–1966) ::*

Ambroise Noumazalaye Ambroise Édouard Noumazalaye (September 23, 1933Rémy Bazenguissa-Ganga, ''Les voies du politique au Congo: essai de sociologie historique'' (1997), Karthala Editions, page 442.November 17, 2007Alfred Raoul, Prime minister (1968–1969) * People's Republic of the Congo :*Presidents ( complete list) – ::* Marien Ngouabi, President (1969–1977) ::*''

Military Committee of the Congolese Party of Labour The Military Committee of the Congolese Party of Labour () was a military Committee which briefly ruled the People's Republic of the Congo between 18 March 1977 and 3 April 1977. Membership in 1977 *Col. Joachim Yhombi-Opango, Head of State *Maj ...

'' (1977) ::* Joachim Yhombi-Opango, President (1977–1979) ::*

Denis Sassou Nguesso Denis Sassou Nguesso (born 23 November 1943) is a Congolese politician and former military officer. He became president of the Republic of the Congo in 1997. He served a previous term as president from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as p ...

, President (1979–1992) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

Henri Lopès Henri Lopes (born 12 September 1937)''International Who's Who of Authors and Writers 2004'', Europa Publications, p. 339.

, Prime minister (1973–1975) ::*

Louis Sylvain Goma Louis Sylvain Goma (born 24 June 1941 in Pointe-Noire) is a Congolese politician who was Prime Minister of Congo-Brazzaville from 18 December 1975 to 7 August 1984, serving under three successive Heads of State: Marien Ngouabi, Jacques Yhombi- ...

, Prime minister (1975–1984) ::*

Ange Édouard Poungui Ange Édouard Poungui (born 4 January 1942) is a Congolese politician. Poungui was the Prime Minister of Congo-Brazzaville from 7 August 1984 to 7 August 1989 under President Denis Sassou Nguesso. He was chosen as the candidate of the Pan-African ...

, Prime minister (1984–1989) ::* Alphonse Poaty-Souchlaty, Prime minister (1989–1990) ::* Pierre Moussa, Acting Prime minister (1990–1991) ::*

, Prime minister (1991) ::* André Milongo, Prime minister (1991–1992) *

(Brazzaville) :*Presidents ( complete list) – ::* Pascal Lissouba, President (1992–1997) ::*

, President (1997–present) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::* André Milongo, Prime minister (1992) ::* Stéphane Maurice Bongho-Nouarra, Prime minister (1992) ::*

Claude Antoine Dacosta Claude Antoine Dacosta (1931 – 1 May 2007Obituary
(in French)) was a Joachim Yhombi-Opango, Prime minister (1993–1996) ::*

Charles David Ganao Charles David Ganao (20 July 1926 – 6 July 2012) was a Congolese politician who served as Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo from 27 August 1996 to 8 September 1997. Ganao was born in Djambala, in the present-day Plateaux Department ...

, Prime minister (1996–1997) ::*

Bernard Kolélas Bernard Bakana Kolélas (12 June 1933Alain Kounzilat, , Kimpwanza (planeteafrique.com) . – 13 November 2009Thierry Noungou"Parlement - Bernard Bakana Kolélas décédé ce 13 novembre à Paris", ''Les Dépêches de Brazzaville'', 13 November 2 ...

, Prime minister (1997) ''Guinea'' *

Spanish Guinea Spanish Guinea (Spanish: ''Guinea Española'') was a set of insular and continental territories controlled by Spain from 1778 in the Gulf of Guinea and on the Bight of Bonny, in Central Africa. It gained independence in 1968 as Equatorial G ...

( complete list) – :''Colony, 1778–1968'' :''For details see Spain in southwest Europe'' *

Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea ( es, Guinea Ecuatorial; french: Guinée équatoriale; pt, Guiné Equatorial), officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea ( es, link=no, República de Guinea Ecuatorial, french: link=no, République de Guinée équatoria ...

:*Presidents ( complete list) – ::* Francisco Macías Nguema, President (1968–1979) ::* Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President (1979–present) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

Cristino Seriche Bioko Cristino Seriche Bioko (born 1940) is an Equatoguinean soldier and politician who was the prime minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of ...

, Prime minister (1982–1992) ::*

Silvestre Siale Bileka Silvestre Siale Bileka (born 1939?) is an Equato-Guinean politician. Bileka served as Prime Minister from 4 March 1992 to 1 April 1996. He is a member of the Partido Democrático de Guinea Ecuatorial (Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea). Bile ...

, Prime minister (1992–1996) ::*

Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan (born 1946) was Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea from April 1, 1996 to March 4, 2001. Beginning in 2000, Dougan's government was subjected to serious criticism from the parliamentary majority with regard to alle ...

, Prime minister (1996–2001) ''Gabon'' *

Gabon Gabon (; ; snq, Ngabu), officially the Gabonese Republic (french: République gabonaise), is a country on the west coast of Central Africa. Located on the equator, it is bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north ...

:*Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

Léon M'ba Gabriel Léon M'ba (9 February 1902 – 28 November 1967) was a Gabonese politician who served as both the first Prime Minister of Gabon, Prime Minister (1959–1961) and President of Gabon, President (1961–1967) of Gabon. A member of th ...

, President (1960–1967) ::*

Omar Bongo El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba (born Albert-Bernard Bongo; 30 December 1935 – 8 June 2009) was a Gabonese politician who was the second President of Gabon for 42 years, from 1967 until his death in 2009. Omar Bongo was promoted to key positions as ...

, President (1967–2009) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

, Prime minister (1957–1961) ::*

Léon Mébiame Léon Mébiame (1 September 1934 – 18 December 2015) was a Gabonese politician who was the 2nd Prime Minister of Gabon. From 1975 to 1990, he served as the longest-serving Prime Minister in Gabonese history, at 15 years and 17 days.

, Prime minister (1975–1990) ::*

Casimir Oyé-Mba Casimir Marie Ange Oyé-Mba (20 April 1942 – 16 September 2021) was a Gabonese politician. After serving as Governor of the Bank of Central African States (BEAC) from 1978 to 1990, Oyé-Mba was Prime Minister of Gabon from 3 May 1990 to 2 Nove ...

, Prime minister (1990–1994) ::*

Paulin Obame-Nguema Paulin Obame-Nguema (born 28 December 1934.) is a Gabonese politician who was the Prime Minister of Gabon from 2 November 1994 to 23 January 1999. He is currently a Deputy in the National Assembly of Gabon. Prime Minister (1994–1999) Obame ...

, Prime minister (1994–1999) ::*

Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane (born 6 October 1939Samy Ghorbal"« Nous avons su garder le cap »" ''Jeune Afrique'', 20 November 2005 .) is a Gabonese politician who was Prime Minister of Gabon from 23 January 1999 to 20 January 2006. He was May ...

, Prime minister (1999–2006) ''São Tomé and Príncipe'' * Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe ( complete list) – :''Colony, 1470–1951; Overseas province, 1951–1975'' :''For details see the

under Southwest Europe'' *Democratic Republic of

São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe (; pt, São Tomé e Príncipe (); English: " Saint Thomas and Prince"), officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe ( pt, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe), is a Portuguese-speaking i ...

:*Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

Manuel Pinto da Costa Manuel Pinto da Costa (born 5 August 1937) is a Santomean economist and politician who served as the first president of São Tomé and Príncipe from 1975 to 1991. He again served as president from 2011 to 2016. Life and career Educated in Eas ...

, President (1975–1991) ::*

Miguel Trovoada Miguel dos Anjos da Cunha Lisboa Trovoada (born December 27, 1936) was the prime minister from 1975 to 1979 and second president of São Tomé and Príncipe 1991 to 2001. On 16 July 2014, he was appointed the Special Representative of the United ...

, President (1991–2001) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

, Prime minister (1975–1979) ::*

Celestino Rocha da Costa Celestino Rocha da Costa (25 September 1938 – 23 December 2010) was a prime minister of São Tomé and Príncipe. He held the post from 8 January 1988 to 7 February 1991. He was the last head of a single party Movement for the Liberation ...

, Prime minister (1988–1991) ::* Daniel Daio, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*

Norberto Costa Alegre Norberto José d'Alva Costa Alegre (born 1951) is a former prime minister of São Tomé and Príncipe. He held the post from 16 May 1992 to 2 July 1994. He is a member of the Democratic Convergence Party-Reflection Group (PCD-GR) and is married ...

, Prime minister (1992–1994) ::*

Evaristo Carvalho Evaristo do Espírito Santo Carvalho (22 October 1941 – 28 May 2022) was a São Toméan politician who served as the fourth president of São Tomé and Príncipe from 2016 to 2021. He was previously the prime minister of the country on two o ...

, Prime minister (1994) ::*

Carlos Graça Carlos Alberto Monteiro Dias da Graça (22 December 1931 – 17 April 2013) served as the 6th Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe. Biography Graça was one of the co-founders of the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncip ...

, Prime minister (1994–1995) ::* Armindo Vaz d'Almeida, Prime minister (1995–1996) ::*

Raul Bragança Neto Raul Wagner da Conceição Bragança Neto (1946 – April 17, 2014
) was the eighth

Guilherme Posser da Costa Guilherme Posser da Costa (born 18 May 1953) is a São Toméan who served as the ninth prime minister of São Tomé and Príncipe from 1999 to 2001. Posser da Costa served as Minister of Foreign Affairs: 1987–1988, 1990–1991, and 1994–1996. ...

, Prime minister (1999–2001)

Africa: East

''Burundi'' *

Ruanda-Urundi Ruanda-Urundi (), later Rwanda-Burundi, was a colonial territory, once part of German East Africa, which was occupied by troops from the Belgian Congo during the East African campaign in World War I and was administered by Belgium under militar ...

( complete list) – :''United Nations trust territory, 1946–1962'' :''For details see Belgium under western Europe'' * Kingdom of Burundi :*Kings ( complete list) – ::* Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng, King (1915–1966) ::*

Ntare V Ntare V of Burundi (born Charles Ndizeye; 2 December 1947 – 29 April 1972) was the last king of Burundi (or ''mwami''), reigning from July to November 1966. Until his accession, he was known as Crown Prince Charles Ndizeye. Early life Charle ...

, King (1966) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

André Muhirwa André Muhirwa (1920–2003) was a Burundian politician as a member of the Union for National Progress (''Union pour le Progrès national'', UPRONA) and the third Prime Minister of Burundi from 19 October 1961 to 7 June 1963. His term coincided ...

, Prime minister (1961–1963) ::* Pierre Ngendandumwe, Prime minister (1963–1964) ::* Albin Nyamoya, Prime minister (1964–1965) ::* Pierre Ngendandumwe, Prime minister (1965) ::*

Pié Masumbuko Pié Masumbuko (born 29 September 1931) is a Burundian retired politician and physician as a member of the Union for National Progress and the acting Prime Minister of Burundi from January 15 to January 26 of 1965. He represented the nation of Bu ...

, Prime minister (1965) ::*

Joseph Bamina Joseph Bamina (15 March 1927 – 15 December 1965) was a Burundian politician and member of the Union for National Progress (French: Union pour le Progrès national) (UPRONA) party. Bamina was Prime Minister from 26 January to 30 September 196 ...

, Prime minister (1965) ::*

Léopold Biha Léopold Bihumugani or Biha (1919–2003) was a Burundian politician who served as Prime Minister of Burundi from 13 September 1965 until 8 July 1966. A Ganwa born to a chief in Ruanda-Urundi, he became a close confidant of Mwami Mwambutsa IV in ...

, Prime minister (1965–1966) ::*

Michel Micombero Michel Micombero (26 August 194016 July 1983) was a Burundian politician and army officer who ruled the country as ''de facto'' military dictator for the decade between 1966 and 1976. He was the last Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Burundi from ...

, Prime minister (1966) *Republic of

Burundi Burundi (, ), officially the Republic of Burundi ( rn, Repuburika y’Uburundi ; Swahili language, Swahili: ''Jamuhuri ya Burundi''; French language, French: ''République du Burundi'' ), is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley at the ...

:*Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

, President (1966–1976) ::* Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, President (1976–1987) ::*

Pierre Buyoya Pierre Buyoya (24 November 1949 – 17 December 2020) was a Burundian army officer and politician who served two terms as President of Burundi in 1987 to 1993 and 1996 to 2003. He was the second-longest serving president in Burundian history. An ...

, President (1987–1993) ::* Melchior Ndadaye, President (1993) ::* François Ngeze, President (1993) ::* Sylvie Kinigi, Acting President (1993–1994) ::*

Cyprien Ntaryamira Cyprien Ntaryamira (6 March 1955 – 6 April 1994) was a Burundian politician who served as President of Burundi from 5 February 1994 until his death two months later. A Hutu born in Burundi, Ntaryamira studied there before fleeing to Rwanda ...

, President (1994) ::* Sylvestre Ntibantunganya, President (1994–1996) ::*

, President (1996–2003) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::* Albin Nyamoya, Prime minister (1972–1973) ::*

Édouard Nzambimana Édouard Nzambimana (born 20 December 1945 – September 2015) was Prime Minister of Burundi from 12 November 1976 until 13 October 1978, when the post was abolished. He then became foreign affairs minister, serving until 1982. Prior to becoming P ...

, Prime minister (1976–1978) ::*

Adrien Sibomana Adrien Sibomana (born 4 September 1953, in Bukeye, Muramvya) was the prime minister of Burundi from 19 October 1988 until 10 July 1993. He was a member of UPRONA. He is an ethnic Hutu and was appointed by the Tutsi President Pierre Buyoya in an uns ...

, Prime minister (1988–1993) ::* Sylvie Kinigi, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*

Anatole Kanyenkiko Anatole Kanyenkiko (born 1952) was the Prime Minister of Burundi from 7 February 1994 to 22 February 1995. An ethnic Tutsi from Ngozi Province, Kanyenkiko was a member of the Union for National Progress (UPRONA), a political party. On 14 November 2 ...

, Prime minister (1994–1995) ::*

Antoine Nduwayo Antoine Nduwayo (born 1942) was the Prime Minister of Burundi from February 22, 1995, until July 31, 1996. He is an ethnic Tutsi Pascal-Firmin Ndimira Pascal-Firmin Ndimira (born 9 April 1956) was Prime Minister of Burundi from 31 July 1996 until 12 June 1998, when the post was abolished. Ndimira, an ethnic Hutu from Ngozi province, is a member of the Union for National Progress (UPRONA) party ...

, Prime minister (1996–1998) ''Comoros'' *

French Comoros The history of the Comoros extends to about 800–1000 AD when the archipelago was first inhabited. The Comoros have been inhabited by various groups throughout this time. France colonised the islands in the 19th century, and they became independe ...

( complete list) – :''Overseas territory, 1946–1961'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' *

Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros Federal or foederal (archaic) may refer to: Politics General *Federal monarchy, a federation of monarchies *Federation, or ''Federal state'' (federal system), a type of government characterized by both a central (federal) government and states or ...

:*Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

Ahmed Abdallah Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane ( ar, أحمد عبد الله عبد الرحمن, , 12 June 1919 – 26 November 1989) was a Comorian politician. He was a member of the French Senate from 1959 to 1973, and President of the Comoros from 25 Octobe ...

, President (1975) ::*

Said Mohamed Jaffar Prince Said Mohamed Jaffar ( ar, سعيد محمد جعفر), full name Said Mohamed Jaffar El Amjad, (born April 14, 1918 in Comoros, and died October 22, 1993) was the 2nd President of Comoros ''(État comorien)'' from August 1975 until January ...

, President (1975–1976) ::* Ali Soilih, President (1976–1978) ::* Mohamed Ahmed, Co-Chairman of the Directorate (1978) ::*

, Co-Chairman of the Directorate (1978), President (1978–1989) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

Abdallah Mohamed Abdallah Mohamed (died 3 February 2000) was a Comorian politician. He served as prime minister of Comoros from January 7, 1976, until December 22, 1978. He was a nephew of Mohamed Ahmed. For most of that time he was serving under President Ali Soi ...

, Prime minister (1976–1978) ::*

, Prime minister (1978–1978) ::*

Salim Ben Ali Salim Ben Ali Al-Qasimi () served as Prime Minister of Comoros under President Ahmed Abdallah Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane ( ar, أحمد عبد الله عبد الرحمن, , 12 June 1919 – 26 November 1989) was a Comorian politician. He ...

, Prime minister (1978–1982) ::* Ali Mroudjaé, Prime minister (1982–1984) *Union of the

Comoros The Comoros,, ' officially the Union of the Comoros,; ar, الاتحاد القمري ' is an independent country made up of three islands in southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. It ...

:*Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

Haribon Chebani Haribou Chebani was chief of the Supreme Court of the Comoros in the 1980s. Although Said Mohamed Djohar had already become head of the Supreme Court in 1988, initial reports after the 1989 assassination of President Ahmed Abdallah Ahmed Abdall ...

, Provisional President (1989) ::*

Said Mohamed Djohar Said Mohammed Djohar ( ar, سعيد محمد جوهر 22 August 1918 – 22 February 2006) was a Comorian politician who served as the 4th President of the Comoros from 1989 to 1995. Climb to power Born in Majunga, Madagascar, Djohar was ...

, Acting President (1989–1990), President (1990–1995) ::* Combo Ayouba, Coordinator of the Transitional Military Committee (1995) ::* Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, Acting President (1995) ::*

Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed (born 1949) is a Comorian politician. He was the country's Vice-President from May 2002 until 27 February 2006, when he resigned in order to participate in the upcoming election for a new Union president. He was elimina ...

, President (1995–1996) ::*

, President (1996) ::* Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, Acting President (1996–1998) ::*

Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde ( ar, تاج الدين بن سعيد مسوندي, 1933 in Anjouan – February 29, 2004) was a Comoros, Comorian politician. Biography Massounde served as Heads of government of the Comoros, Prime Minister from ...

, President (1998–1999) ::*

Azali Assoumani Azali Assoumani ( ar, غزالي عثماني; born 1 January 1959) is a Comorian politician and military officer who has served as President of the Comoros since April 2019. He was also president from 2002 to 2006 and 2016 to February 2019. He ...

, President (1999–2001) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::* Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, Prime minister (1992) ::* Ibrahim Halidi, Prime minister (1993) ::* Said Ali Mohamed, Prime minister (1993) ::* Ahmed Ben Cheikh Attoumane, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::* Mohamed Abdou Madi, Prime minister (1994) ::* Halifa Houmadi, Prime minister (1994–1995) ::*

, Prime minister (1995–1996) ::*

, Prime minister (1996) ::*

Ahmed Abdou Ahmed Abdou (born 1936) is a Comorian politician. He was prime minister of Comoros from 27 December 1996 to 9 September 1997. Biography He was born in Mutsamudu on the island of Anjouan. He served as finance minister in the autonomous governmen ...

, Prime minister (1996–1997) ::*

Nourdine Bourhane Nourdine Bourhane (born in 1950 in Mamoudzou, Mayotte) is a politician from the Comoros and one of the Vice Presidents of the Comoros from May 2011 to May 2016.

, Prime minister (1997–1998) ::* Abbas Djoussouf, Prime minister (1998–1999) ::* Bianrifi Tarmidi, Prime minister (1999–2000) ::*

Hamada Madi Hamada Madi, widely known as "Boléro", is a Comorian politician, former Prime Minister and interim President. He is Secretary General of the Indian Ocean Commission. Biography Born on the island of Mohéli in 1965, he gained a degree in consti ...

, Prime minister (2000–2002) ''Djibouti'' *

French Somaliland French Somaliland (french: Côte française des Somalis, lit= French Coast of the Somalis so, Xeebta Soomaaliyeed ee Faransiiska) was a French colony in the Horn of Africa. It existed between 1884 and 1967, at which time it became the French Ter ...

( complete list) – :''Overseas territory, 1946–1967'' *

French Territory of the Afars and the Issas The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas (FTAI; french: Territoire français des Afars et des Issas) was the name given to present-day Djibouti between 1967 and 1977, while it was still an overseas territory of France. The area was former ...

( complete list) – :''Overseas territory, 1967–1977'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' *Republic of

Djibouti Djibouti, ar, جيبوتي ', french: link=no, Djibouti, so, Jabuuti officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red ...

:*Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

Hassan Gouled Aptidon Hassan Gouled Aptidon ( so, Xasan Guuleed Abtidoon; ar, حسن جوليد أبتيدون) (October 15, 1916 – November 21, 2006) was the first President of Djibouti from 1977 to 1999. Biography He was born in the small village of Gerisa in th ...

, President (1977–1999) ::*

Ismaïl Omar Guelleh Ismaïl Omar Guelleh ( so, Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle ar, إسماعيل عمر جليه) (born 27 November 1947) is the current President of Djibouti. He has been in office since 1999, making him one of the longest-serving rulers in Africa. He is ...

, President (1999–present) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

, Prime minister (1977) ::*

Ahmed Dini Ahmed Ahmed Dini Ahmed (1932 – 12 September 2004) ( aa, Acmad Diini Acmad, ar, أحمد ديني أحمد) was a Djiboutian politician. He was trained as a health technician and entered the political realm at age 26. He served as Vice-president ...

, Prime minister (1977–1978) ::* Abdallah Mohamed Kamil, Prime minister (1978) ::* Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime minister (1978–2001) ''Eritrea'' *

Eritrea Eritrea ( ; ti, ኤርትራ, Ertra, ; ar, إرتريا, ʾIritriyā), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital and largest city at Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia ...

( complete list) – :*

Isaias Afwerki Isaias Afwerki ( ti, ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ, ; born 2 February 1946) is an Eritrean politician and partisan who has been the president of Eritrea since shortly after he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) to victory in M ...

, President (1993–present) ''Ethiopia '' *

Ethiopian Empire The Ethiopian Empire (), also formerly known by the exonym Abyssinia, or just simply known as Ethiopia (; Amharic and Tigrinya: ኢትዮጵያ , , Oromo: Itoophiyaa, Somali: Itoobiya, Afar: ''Itiyoophiyaa''), was an empire that historical ...

( complete list) – :*

Haile Selassie Haile Selassie I ( gez, ቀዳማዊ ኀይለ ሥላሴ, Qädamawi Häylä Səllasé, ; born Tafari Makonnen; 23 July 189227 August 1975) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. He rose to power as Regent Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia (' ...

I, Emperor (1930–1974) *

Derg The Derg (also spelled Dergue; , ), officially the Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), was the military junta that ruled Ethiopia, then including present-day Eritrea, from 1974 to 1987, when the military leadership formally " c ...

: Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia ( complete list) – :* Aman Andom, Chairmen (1974) :* Mengistu Haile Mariam, Acting Chairmen (1974) :*

Tafari Benti Brigadier General Tafari Benti (; 11 October 1921 – 3 February 1977) was an Ethiopian military officer and politician who served as head of state of Ethiopia from 1974 to 1977 in his role as second chairman of the Derg, the ruling military ...

, Chairmen (1974–1977) :* Mengistu Haile Mariam, Chairmen (1977–1987) *

People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia The People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE) () was a socialist state that existed in Ethiopia and present day Eritrea from 1987 to 1991. The PDRE was established in February 1987 as a Marxist-Leninist one-party state upon the adoption o ...

:* Presidents ( complete list) – ::* Mengistu Haile Mariam, President (1987–1991) ::*

Tesfaye Gebre Kidan Tesfaye Gebre Kidan Geletu ( am, ተስፋዬ ገብረ ኪዳን ገለቱ, Täsfaye Gäbrä Kidan Gälätu, – 4 June 2004) was an Ethiopian general who was the acting president of Ethiopia for one week in late May 1991. Biography Military ...

, Acting President (1991) :* Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

Fikre Selassie Wogderess Fikre Selassie Wogderess ( gez, ፍቅረ ሥላሴ ወግደረስ; 13 July 1945 – 12 December 2020) was an Ethiopian politician who was the first Prime Minister of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE) from 10 September 1987 to ...

, Prime minister (1987–1989) ::*

Hailu Yimenu Hailu Yimenu (died May 26, 1991) was an Ethiopian politician who was the acting prime minister of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia from November 8, 1989 until May 1991. In May 1991, after hearing of Mengistu Haile Mariam's fall from p ...

, Acting Prime minister (1989–1991) ::* Tesfaye Dinka, Acting Prime minister (1991) * Transitional Government of Ethiopia :* Acting Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

Meles Zenawi Meles Zenawi Asres (Tigrinya and ; , born Legesse Zenawi Asres; 9 May 1955 – 20 August 2012) was an Ethiopian soldier and politician who served as President of Ethiopia from 1991 to 1995 and then Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 1995 until his ...

, Acting President (1991–1995) :*

Prime minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

( complete list) – ::*

Tamrat Layne Tamrat Layne Admassu ( gez, ታምራት ላይኔ አድማሱ; born 1955) is an Ethiopian former politician and a converted born-again Christian. He had served as Prime Minister of Ethiopia during the Transitional Government of Ethiopia after ...

, Acting Prime minister (1991–1995) *Federal Democratic Republic of

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

:* Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

Negasso Gidada Negasso Gidada Solon ( gez, ነጋሶ ጊዳዳ; 8 September 1943 – 27 April 2019) was an Ethiopian politician who was the president of Ethiopia from 1995 until 2001. Biography Negasso was the son of Gidada Solon, one of the first local mini ...

, President (1995–2001) :* Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

, Prime minister (1995–2012) ''Kenya'' *

Kenya Colony The Colony and Protectorate of Kenya, commonly known as British Kenya or British East Africa, was part of the British Empire in Africa. It was established when the former East Africa Protectorate was transformed into a British Crown colony in ...

( complete list) – :''British colony and protectorate, 1920–1963'' :''For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *

Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...

:* Heads of state ( complete list) – ::*

Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...

, Queen (1963–1964) ::*

Jomo Kenyatta Jomo Kenyatta (22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978. He was the country's first indigenous ...

, President (1964–1978) ::* Daniel arap Moi, President (1978–2002) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

, Prime minister (1963–1964) ''Madagascar'' *

French Madagascar The Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies (french: Colonie de Madagascar et dépendances) was a French colony off the coast of Southeast Africa between 1897 and 1958 in what is now Madagascar. The colony was formerly a protectorate of France kn ...

( complete list) – :''Colony, 1897–1958'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' *

Malagasy Republic The Malagasy Republic ( mg, Repoblika Malagasy, french: République malgache) was a state situated in Southeast Africa. It was established in 1958 as an autonomous republic within the newly created French Community, became fully independent in ...

:*Presidents ( complete list) – ::* Philibert Tsiranana, President (1959–1972) ::*

Gabriel Ramanantsoa Gabriel Ramanantsoa (13 April 1906 Antananarivo – 9 May 1979 Paris) was the President and Prime Minister of Madagascar from 1972 to 1975. Ramanantsoa was a member of the Merina ethnic group, and came from a wealthy family. He graduated from Sai ...

, President (1972–1975) ::*

Richard Ratsimandrava Colonel Richard Ratsimandrava (March 21, 1931 Antananarivo – February 11, 1975 Antananarivo) was President of Madagascar for six days in February 1975 before his assassination in office. Biography Military career He was born in 1931 an ...

, President (1975) ::*

Gilles Andriamahazo General Gilles Andriamahazo (5 May 1919 – 13 September 1989) was a Malagasy general and political figure. Originally he was a Merina and served as the military president of Madagascar (''Chairman of the National Military Leadership Committee' ...

, President (1975) ::* Didier Ratsiraka, President (1975–1993) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::* Philibert Tsiranana, Prime minister (1958–1959) ::*

, Prime minister (1972–1975) * Democratic Republic of Madagascar :*Presidents ( complete list) – ::* Didier Ratsiraka, President of Supreme Revolutionary Council (1975–1993) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::* Joel Rakotomalala, Prime minister (1976) ::*

Justin Rakotoniaina Justin Rakotoniaina (14 December 1933 – November 2001) was a diplomat who briefly served as Prime Minister of Madagascar in 1976–1977 after Joël Rakotomalala was killed in a helicopter accident. He was a member of the Association for the ...

, Prime minister (1976–1977) ::*

Désiré Rakotoarijaona Lieutenant-Colonel Désiré Rakotoarijaona (born 19 June 1934) is a Malagasy politician. He was Minister of Economy and Finance from February 1975 to June 1975. He was Prime Minister of Madagascar from 1 August 1977 to 12 February 1988, under Pre ...

, Prime minister (1977–1988) ::*

Victor Ramahatra Victor Ramahatra (born 6 September 1945) is a former politician in Madagascar. He was born in Antananarivo. During the presidency of Didier Ratsiraka, Ramahatra served as Prime Minister of Madagascar from 12 February 1988 until 8 August 1991, repl ...

, Prime minister (1988–1991) ::*

Guy Razanamasy Guy Willy Razanamasy (19 December 1928 – 18 May 2011) was a Malagasy politician who served as Prime Minister of Madagascar from 1991 to 1993.

, Prime minister (1991–1993) *

Third Republic of Madagascar The Third Republic of Madagascar (officially called the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, french: République de Madagascar) refers to the 18-year-long period in Malagasy history after the dissolution of the socialist regime ...

:*Presidents ( complete list) – ::* Didier Ratsiraka, President (1975–1993) ::* Albert Zafy, President (1993–1996) ::*

Norbert Ratsirahonana Norbert Lala Ratsirahonana (born November 18, 1938) is a Malagasy politician. Life and career He was born in Antsiranana, Diana Region He founded and led the '' Asa Vita no Ifampitsarana'' (Judged By Your Work) Party, which opposed President Di ...

, Acting President (1996–1997) ::* Didier Ratsiraka, President (1997–2002) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

Guy Razanamasy Guy Willy Razanamasy (19 December 1928 – 18 May 2011) was a Malagasy politician who served as Prime Minister of Madagascar from 1991 to 1993.

, Prime minister (1991–1993) ::*

Francisque Ravony Francisque Ravony (December 2, 1942, Vohipeno, Vatovavy-Fitovinany Region, Madagascar – February 15, 2003, Soavinandriana, Itasy Region, Madagascar) was a Malagasy lawyer and politician. He was a key political figure in Madagascar during the ...

, Prime minister (1993–1995) ::*

Emmanuel Rakotovahiny Emmanuel Rakotovahiny (16 August 1938 – 1 July 2020) was a Malagasy politician who was Prime Minister of Madagascar from 1995 to 1996. A close ally of Albert Zafy Albert Zafy (1 May 1927 – 13 October 2017) was a Malagasy politician and e ...

, Prime minister (1995–1996) ::*

, Prime minister (1996–1997) ::*

Pascal Rakotomavo Pascal Joseph Rakotomavo (1 April 1934Biographical page at Antananarivo Provinc ...

, Prime minister (1997–1998) ::*

Tantely Andrianarivo René Tantely Gabrio Andrianarivo (born 25 May 1954) is a former Malagasy politician who was Prime Minister of Madagascar from 23 July 1998 to 31 May 2002, under President Didier Ratsiraka. Life and career Andrianarivo was born in Ambositra, ...

, Prime minister (1998–2002) ''Mauritius'' *

British Mauritius Mauritius was a Crown colony off the Southeast coast of Africa. Formerly part of the French colonial empire, British rule in Mauritius was established de facto with the Invasion of Isle de France in November 1810, and de jure by the subsequent T ...

( complete list) – :''Colony, 1810–1968'' :''For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' * Mauritius (Commonwealth realm) :*Queen ( complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1968–1992) :* Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

Seewoosagur Ramgoolam Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (in traditional Hindi: Shivsagar Ram Gulam) (18 September 1900 – 15 December 1985; often referred to as ''Chacha Ramgoolam'' or ''SSR'') was a Mauritian physician, politician, and statesman. He served as the island's o ...

, Prime minister (1968–1982) ::* Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (1982–1992) *Republic of

Mauritius Mauritius ( ; french: Maurice, link=no ; mfe, label=Mauritian Creole, Moris ), officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent, east of Madagascar. It incl ...

:* Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

Veerasamy Ringadoo Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo, GCMG, GCSK, QC, (born Vīracāmi Riṅkāṭu; 20 October 1920 – 9 September 2000) was a Mauritian politician, minister, the sixth and last governor-general of Mauritius from 1986 to 1992, and then the first presid ...

, President (1992) ::*

Cassam Uteem Cassam Uteem, GCSK (born in Port Louis on 22 March 1941) is a Mauritian political figure who served as the second president of Mauritius from 30 June 1992 to 15 February 2002. He is the longest served president of Mauritius, having served for nea ...

, President (1992–2002) :* Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::* Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (1992–1995) ::* Navin Ramgoolam, Prime minister (1995–2000) ::* Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (2000–2003) ''Rwanda'' *

Kingdom of Rwanda The Kingdom of Rwanda was a kingdom in East Africa which grew to be ruled by a Tutsi monarchy. It was later annexed under German and Belgian colonial rule while retaining some of its autonomy. The Tutsi monarchy was abolished in 1961 after et ...

( complete list) – :*

Mutara III Rudahigwa Mutara III Rudahigwa (March 1911 – 25 July 1959) was King ('' umwami'') of Rwanda between 1931 and 1959. He was the first Rwandan king to be baptised, and Roman Catholicism took hold in Rwanda during his reign. His Christian names were C ...

, King (1931–1959) :*

Kigeli V Ndahindurwa Kigeli V Ndahindurwa (born Jean-Baptiste Ndahindurwa; 29 June 1936 – 16 October 2016) was the last ruling King (''Mwami'') of Rwanda, from 28 July 1959 until the end of the UN-mandate with Belgian administration and the declaration of an indepen ...

, King (1959–1961) *Republic of

Rwanda Rwanda (; rw, u Rwanda ), officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator ...

:*Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

Dominique Mbonyumutwa Dominique Mbonyumutwa (January 1921 – 26 July 1986) was a Rwandan politician who served as the interim first President of Rwanda for a period of nine months in 1961, during a transitional phase between the overthrow of the Rwandan monarchy in ...

, Interim President (1961) ::*

Grégoire Kayibanda Grégoire Kayibanda (1 May 192415 December 1976) was a Rwandan politician and revolutionary who was the first elected List of Presidents of Rwanda, President of Rwanda from 1962 to 1973. An ethnic Hutu, he was a pioneer of the Rwandan Revolutio ...

, President (1961–1973) ::*

Juvénal Habyarimana Juvénal Habyarimana (, ; 8 March 19376 April 1994) was a Rwandan politician and military officer who served as the second president of Rwanda, from 1973 until 1994. He was nicknamed ''Kinani'', a Kinyarwanda word meaning "invincible". An ethn ...

, President (1973–1994) ::*

Théodore Sindikubwabo Théodore Sindikubwabo (1928 – March 1998) was the interim President of Rwanda during the genocide against Tutsis, from 9 April to 19 July 1994. Prior to that, he was President of the Rwandan legislature National Development Council from 1988 ...

, Interim President (1994) ::*

Pasteur Bizimungu Pasteur Bizimungu (born April 1950) is a Rwandan politician who served as the third President of Rwanda, holding office from 19 July 1994 until 23 March 2000. A Hutu, Bizimungu had previously held several positions under President Juvenal Habyar ...

, President (1994–2000) ::*

Paul Kagame Paul Kagame (; born 23 October 1957) is a Rwandan politician and former military officer who is the 4th and current president of Rwanda since 2000. He previously served as a commander of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a Uganda-based rebel ...

, President (2000–present) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

, Prime minister (1961–1962) ::*

Sylvestre Nsanzimana Sylvestre Nsanzimana (5 January 1936 – 1999) born in Gikongoro Province, Rwanda served as Prime Minister of Rwanda from 12 October 1991 to 2 April 1992. He belonged to the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development and previo ...

, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*

Dismas Nsengiyaremye Dismas Nsengiyaremye (born 1945) served as Prime Minister of Rwanda from 2 April 1992 to 18 July 1993. A native of Gitarama, he was a member of the Republican Democratic Movement and was appointed prime minister following an agreement between Pr ...

, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*

Agathe Uwilingiyimana Agathe Uwilingiyimana (; 23 May 1953 – 7 April 1994), sometimes known as Madame Agathe, was a Rwandan political figure. She served as Prime Minister of Rwanda from 18 July 1993 until her assassination on 7 April 1994, during the opening stage ...

, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::* Jean Kambanda, Prime minister (1994) ::* Faustin Twagiramungu, Prime minister (1994–1995) ::* Pierre-Célestin Rwigema, Prime minister (1995–2000) ::*

Bernard Makuza Bernard Makuza (born 30 September 1962) is a Rwandan politician who was Prime Minister of Rwanda from 8 March 2000 to 6 October 2011. He also served as President of the Senate of Rwanda from 14 October 2014 to 17 October 2019. Background Makuza ...

, Prime minister (2000–2011) ''Seychelles'' * Colony of Seychelles :''British colony, 1903–1976'' :''For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Republic of

Seychelles Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (french: link=no, République des Seychelles; Creole: ''La Repiblik Sesel''), is an archipelagic state consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, V ...

:*Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

James Mancham Sir James Richard Marie Mancham KBE (11 August 1939 – 8 January 2017) was a Seychellois politician who founded the Seychelles Democratic Party and was the first President of Seychelles from 1976 to 1977. Political career James's father, ...

, President (1976–1977) ::*

France-Albert René France-Albert René (; 16 November 1934 – 27 February 2019) was a Seychellois lawyer, politician and statesman who served as the second President of Seychelles from 1977 to 2004. He also served as the country's 2nd Prime Minister from its in ...

, President (1977–2004) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

, Prime minister (1976–1977) ''Somalia'' *

British Somaliland British Somaliland, officially the Somaliland Protectorate ( so, Dhulka Maxmiyada Soomaalida ee Biritishka), was a British Empire, British protectorate in present-day Somaliland. During its existence, the territory was bordered by Italian Soma ...

( complete list) – :''Protectorate, 1884–1940, 1941–1960'' :''For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' * Trust Territory of Somaliland ( complete list) – :''United Nations trust territory of Italy, 1950–1960'' :''For details see

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

under southcentral Europe'' * State of Somaliland – :*

Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal ( so, Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal, ar, محمد الحاج ابراهيم عقال; August 15, 1928 – May 3, 2002) was a Somali politician who served as the President of Somaliland from 1993 to his death in 2002. H ...

, Prime minister (1960) * Somali Republic :* Presidents ( complete list) – ::* Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, President (1960–1967) ::* Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, President (1967–1969) ::* Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein, Interim President (1969) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

, Prime minister (1960) ::* Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, Prime minister (1960–1964) ::*

Abdirizak Haji Hussein Abdirizak Haji Hussein ( so, Cabdirisaaq Xaaji Xuseen; ar, عبد الرزاق حاجي حسين‎; 24 December 192431 January 2014) was a Somali diplomat and politician. He was the Prime Minister of Somali Republic from 14 June 1964 to 15 Ju ...

, Prime minister (1964–1967 ) ::*

, Prime minister (1967–1969) *

Somali Democratic Republic The Somali Democratic Republic ( so, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya Soomaaliyeed; ar, الجمهورية الديمقراطية الصومالية, ; it, Repubblica Democratica Somala) was the name that the socialist military government gave to Som ...

:* Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

Siad Barre Mohamed Siad Barre ( so, Maxamed Siyaad Barre, Osmanya script: ; ar, محمد سياد بري; c. 1910 – 2 January 1995) was a Somali head of state and general who served as the 3rd president of the Somali Democratic Republic from 1969 to 199 ...

, President (1969–1991) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

Muhammad Ali Samatar Mohamed Ali Samatar ( so, Maxamed Cali Samatar; 1 January 193119 August 2016), also known as Ali Samatar was a Somali politician and lieutenant general. A senior member of the Supreme Revolutionary Council, he also served as the Prime Minister o ...

, Prime minister (1987–1990) ::*

Muhammad Hawadle Madar Muhammad Hawadle Madar ( so, Maxamed Xawaadle Madar, ar, محمد حواضلي مذر , 1939–2005), also known as Hawadle Madar was the Prime Minister of Somalia from September 3, 1990, to January 24, 1991.Interim Government of Somalia :* Presidents ( complete list) – ::* Ali Mahdi Muhammad, President (1991–1997) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

Umar Arteh Ghalib Umar Arteh Ghalib or Omer Carte Qalib ( so, Cumar Carte Qaalib, ar, عمر عرتي غالب) (1930 – 18 November 2020) was a Somali politician. He was Prime Minister of the Somali Democratic Republic from January 24, 1991 to May 1993. Previou ...

, Prime minister (1991–1997) * Transitional National Government of the Republic of Somalia :* Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

Abdiqasim Salad Hassan Abdiqasim Salad Hassan ( so, Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan; ar, عبد القاسم سلطة حسن; born on January 1, 1941) or Abdiqasim Salad is a Somali politician. He helped found the Transitional National Government which he served as Presiden ...

, President (2000–2004) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::* Ali Khalif Galaydh, Prime minister (2000–2001) *Republic of

Somaliland Somaliland,; ar, صوماليلاند ', ' officially the Republic of Somaliland,, ar, جمهورية صوماليلاند, link=no ''Jumhūrīyat Ṣūmālīlānd'' is a ''de facto'' sovereign state in the Horn of Africa, still conside ...

( complete list) – :*

Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur Abd al-Rahman ( ar, عبد الرحمن, translit=ʿAbd al-Raḥmān or occasionally ; DMG ''ʿAbd ar-Raḥman''; also Abdul Rahman) is a male Arabic Muslim given name, and in modern usage, surname. It is built from the Arabic words '' Abd'', '' ...

, President (1991–1993) :*

, President (1993–2002) ''Tanzania'' * Sultanate of Zanzibar ( complete list) – :* Khalifa II, Sultan (1911–1960) :* Abdullah, Sultan (1960–1963) :*

Jamshid Jamshid () ( fa, جمشید, ''Jamshīd''; Middle- and New Persian: جم, ''Jam'') also known as ''Yima'' (Avestan: 𐬫𐬌𐬨𐬀 ''Yima''; Pashto/Dari: یما ''Yama'') is the fourth Shah of the mythological Pishdadian dynasty of Iran acco ...

, Sultan (1963–1964) * Tanganyika under Britain ( complete list) – :''United Nations trust territory, 1946–1961'' :''For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *United Republic of

Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ...

:* Presidents ( complete list) – ::* Julius Nyerere, President (1964–1985) ::*

Ali Hassan Mwinyi Ali Hassan Mwinyi (born 8 May 1925) is a Tanzanian politician, who served as the second President of the United Republic of Tanzania from 1985 to 1995. Previous posts include Interior Minister and Vice President. He also was chairman of the rul ...

, President (1985–1995) ::* Benjamin Mkapa, President (1995–2005) :* Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

Rashidi Kawawa Rashidi Mfaume Kawawa (27 May 1926 – 31 December 2009) was the Prime Minister of Tanganyika in 1962 and of Tanzania in 1972 to 1977. He was the effective ruler of the country from January to December 1962 while Julius Nyerere toured the c ...

, Prime minister (1972–1977) ::*

Edward Sokoine Edward Moringe Sokoine (1 August 1938 – 12 April 1984) was a Tanzanian politician who served two terms as Prime Minister of Tanzania, from 13 February 1977 to 7 November 1980 and again from 24 February 1983 to 12 April 1984. Life and career ...

, prime minister (1977–1980) ::*

Cleopa Msuya Cleopa David Msuya (born 4 January 1931
at tanemb.se.

, Prime minister (1980–1983) ::*

, Prime minister (1983–1984) ::*

Salim Ahmed Salim Salim Ahmed Salim ( ar, سليم احمد سليم, sw, Salim Ahmad Salim, born 23 January 1942) is a Tanzanian politician and diplomat who has worked in the international diplomatic arena since the early 1960s. Early life Salim was born in wh ...

, Prime minister (1984–1985) ::* Joseph Warioba, Prime minister (1985–1990) ::*

John Malecela John Samuel Malecela (born 19 April 1934 in Bugiri Dodoma) was Prime Minister of Tanzania from November 1990 to December 1994. He served as the vice-chairman of the CCM from 1995 to 2007, and a member of the CCM Central Committee to date. Pri ...

, Prime minister (1990–1994) ::*

Cleopa Msuya Cleopa David Msuya (born 4 January 1931
at tanemb.se.

, Prime minister (1994–1995) ::* Frederick Sumaye, Prime minister (1995–2005) ''Uganda'' *

Ankole Ankole (Nkore language, Runyankore: ''Nkore''), was a traditional Bantu peoples, Bantu kingdom in Uganda and lasted from the 15th century until 1967. The kingdom was located in south-western Uganda, east of Lake Edward. History Ankole Realm, K ...

( complete list) – :* Gasyonga II, Omugabe (1944–1967) *

Buganda Buganda is a Bantu peoples, Bantu kingdom within Uganda. The kingdom of the Baganda, Baganda people, Buganda is the largest of the traditional kingdoms in present-day East Africa, consisting of Buganda's Districts of Uganda, Central Region, inclu ...

( complete list) – :*

Muteesa II Sir Edward Frederick William David Walugembe Mutebi Luwangula Mutesa II (modern spelling: Muteesa) (19 November 1924 – 21 November 1969) was Kabaka of the Kingdom of Buganda in Uganda from 22 November 1939 until his death. He was the thirty- ...

, Kabaka (1939–1969) *

Bunyoro Bunyoro or Bunyoro-Kitara is a Bantu kingdom in Western Uganda. It was one of the most powerful kingdoms in Central and East Africa from the 13th century to the 19th century. It is ruled by the King (''Omukama'') of Bunyoro-Kitara. The current ...

( complete list) – :* Winyi IV, Omukama (1925–1967) * Uganda Protectorate ( complete list) – :''British protectorate, 1894–1962'' :''For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Republic of

Uganda }), is a landlocked country in East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territor ...

:* Presidents ( complete list) – ::* Mutesa II, President (1963–1966) ::* Milton Obote, President (1966–1971) ::*

Idi Amin Idi Amin Dada Oumee (, ; 16 August 2003) was a Ugandan military officer and politician who served as the third president of Uganda from 1971 to 1979. He ruled as a military dictator and is considered one of the most brutal despots in modern w ...

, President (1971–1979) ::* Yusuf Lule, Interim President (1979) ::* Godfrey Binaisa, President (1979–1980) ::*

Paulo Muwanga Paulo Frobisher Muwanga Seddugge Muyanja (4 April 1924 – 1 April 1991) was a Ugandan politician who served briefly as ''de facto'' president, and later as prime minister, of Uganda. Career Paulo Frobisher Muwanga Seddugge Muyanja was born in ...

, President (1980) ::*

Presidential Commission of Uganda The Presidential Commission of Uganda held the office of President of Uganda between 22 May and 15 December 1980. It was composed as follows: Leaders and member Interim Government of Presidential Commission of Uganda See also *Uganda *Uganda si ...

(1980) ::* Milton Obote, President (1980–1985) ::* Bazilio Olara-Okello, ''de facto'' Head of state (1985) ::*

Tito Okello Tito Lutwa Okello (1914 – 3 June 1996) was a Ugandan military officer and politician. He was the eighth president of Uganda from 29 July 1985 until 26 January 1986. Background Tito Okello was born into an ethnic Acholi family in circa 1914 ...

, President (1985–1986) ::*

Yoweri Museveni Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa (born 15 September 1944) is a Ugandan politician and retired senior military officer who has been the 9th and current President of Uganda since 26 January 1986. Museveni spearheaded rebellions with aid of then ...

, President (1986–present) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

Benedicto Kiwanuka Benedicto Kagimu Mugumba Kiwanuka (8 May 1922 – 22 September 1972) was the first prime minister of Uganda, a leader of the Democratic Party, and one of the persons that led the country in the transition between colonial British rule and indepe ...

, Prime minister (1962) ::* Milton Obote, Prime minister (1962–1966) ::* Otema Allimadi, Prime minister (1980–1985) ::*

, Prime minister (1985) ::*

Abraham Waligo Abraham Waligo (28 July 1928 – 6 March 2000) was the 4th Prime Minister of Uganda from 25 August 1985 to 26 January 1986. Biography Waligo studied electrical engineering in South Africa and the United Kingdom. After graduating in 1955, he wa ...

, Prime minister (1985–1986) ::*

Samson Kisekka Samson Babi Mululu Kisekka (23 June 1912 – 25 October 1999) was a Ugandan politician who was Prime Minister of Uganda from 1986 to 1991 and the fifth Vice President of Uganda from 1991 to 1994. He also worked as a medical doctor and diplomat. ...

, Prime minister (1986–1991) ::* George Cosmas Adyebo, Prime minister (1991–1994) ::* Kintu Musoke, Prime minister (1994–1999) ::* Apolo Nsibambi, Prime minister (1999–2011)

Africa: Northcentral

''Libya'' *

Allied administration of Libya The Allied administration of Libya was the control of the ex-Italian colony of Italian Libya by the Allies from 13 May 1943 until Libyan independence was granted in 1951. It was divided into two parts: * British Military Administration of Liby ...

( UK &

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

) – :''Allied military administration, 1942–1951'' *

Cyrenaica Emirate The Emirate of Cyrenaica ( ar, إمارة برقة) came into existence when Sayyid Idris unilaterally proclaimed Cyrenaica an independent Senussi emirate on 1 March 1949, backed by the United Kingdom. Sayyid Idris proclaimed himself Emir of Cyr ...

( complete list) – :*

Idris Idris may refer to: People * Idris (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or surname * Idris (prophet), Islamic prophet in the Qur'an, traditionally identified with Enoch, an ancestor of Noah in the Bible * Idris G ...

, Emir (1949–1951), King (1951–1969) *

Kingdom of Libya The Kingdom of Libya ( ar, المملكة الليبية, lit=Libyan Kingdom, translit=Al-Mamlakah Al-Lībiyya; it, Regno di Libia), known as the United Kingdom of Libya from 1951 to 1963, was a constitutional monarchy in North Africa which ca ...

:*Monarch ( complete list) – ::*

, Emir (1949–1951), King (1951–1969) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

Mahmud al-Muntasir Mahmud al-Muntasir () (8 August 1903 – 28 September 1970) was the first Prime minister of Libya from March 29, 1951 to February 19, 1954, and again from January 20, 1964 to March 20, 1965. He was also the Minister of Foreign Affairs during his ...

, Prime minister (1951–1954) ::*

Muhammad Sakizli Muhammad Sakizli ( ar, محمد الساقزلي) (1892–14 January 1976) was the Prime Minister of Cyrenaica from 18 March 1950 to 24 December 1951. He was later appointed as the Prime Minister of Libya from 19 February to 12 April 1954. Person ...

, Prime minister (1954) ::*

Mustafa Ben Halim Mustafa Ahmed Ben Halim ( ar, مصطفى احمد بن حليم; 29 January 1921 – 7 December 2021) was a Libyan politician and businessman who served in a number of leadership positions in the Kingdom of Libya from 1953 to 1960. Ben Halim wa ...

, Prime minister (1954–1957) ::*

Abdul Majid Kubar Abdul Majid Kabar (; Arabic: عبد المجيد كعبار / ''ʿbd āl-Mağid Kaʿbār'' ) (9 May 1909 – 4 October 1988), also known as Abdulmegid Coobar, was the Prime Minister of Libya This article lists the heads of government of Libya ...

, Prime minister (1957–1960) ::*

Muhammad Osman Said Muhammad Osman Said (17 October 1924 – 31 December 2007) was a Libyan politician who held many positions in the era of the Kingdom of Libya including the Prime Minister of Libya from 17 October 1960 to 19 March 1963. Biography Mohammed Osman a ...

, Prime minister (1960–1963) ::*

Mohieddin Fikini Mohieddin Fikini ( ar, محي الدين فكيني; 10 March 1925 – 9 July 1994), last name also spelled Fekini, was the Prime Minister of Libya from 19 March 1963 to 22 January 1964. He was also the Minister of foreign affairs from 19 March 19 ...

, Prime minister (1963–1964) ::*

, Prime minister (1964–1965) ::*

Hussein Maziq Hussein Yousef Maziq ( ar, حسين يوسف مازق) a Libyan politician (26 June 1918 – 12 May 2006) was Prime Minister of Libya from 20 March 1965 to 2 July 1967. He was one of the most important men in the Kingdom era of Libya. Family ...

, Prime minister (1965–1967) ::* Abdul Qadir al-Badri, Prime minister (1967) ::* Abdul Hamid al-Bakkoush, Prime minister (1967–1968) ::*

Wanis al-Qaddafi Wanis al-Qaddafi ( ar, ونيس القذافي) (22 November 1922 – 1 December 1986) was a Libyan politician. He held many positions in the era of the Kingdom of Libya and was the tenth Prime Minister of Libya from 4 September 1968 to 31 Au ...

, Prime minister (1968–1969) * Libyan Arab Republic / Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya :*Heads of state and Secretaries-General ( complete list) – ::*

Muammar Gaddafi Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi, . Due to the lack of standardization of transcribing written and regionally pronounced Arabic, Gaddafi's name has been romanized in various ways. A 1986 column by ''The Straight Dope'' lists 32 spellin ...

, :::* Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (1969–1977) :::*

Secretary General of the General People's Congress This article lists the heads of state of Libya since the country's independence in 1951. Libya is in a tumultuous state since the start of the Arab Spring-related Libyan Crisis in 2011; the crisis resulted in the collapse of the Libyan Arab Ja ...

(1977–1979) :::* Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution (1979–2011) ::*

Abdul Ati al-Obeidi Abdul Ati al-Obeidi (; ar, عبد العاطي العبيدي; born 10 October 1939) is a Libyan politician and diplomat. He held various top posts in Libya under Muammar Gaddafi; he was Prime Minister from 1977 to 1979 and General Secretary of ...

, Secretary-General (1979–1981) ::*

Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab ( ar, محمد الزروق رجب) (born 1940) was a former Head of State and General Secretary of the People's Committee (Prime Minister) in Libya. Rajab was General Secretary of the General People's Congress from Janu ...

, Secretary-General (1981–1984) ::*

Mifta al-Usta Umar Mifta al-Usta Umar ( ar, مفتاح الاسطى عمر ) (1935–22 March 2010) was the General Secretary of Libya's General People's Congress from 15 February 1984 to 7 October 1990. In this role, he was officially Libya's head of state ...

, Secretary-General (1984–1990) ::*

Abdul Razzaq as-Sawsa Abdul Razzaq as-Sawsa ( ar, عبد الرزاق الصوصاع ) (February 3, 1933 – March 10, 2016) was the General Secretary of the General People's Congress, and as such the head of state of Libya Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), o ...

, Secretary-General (1990–1992) ::*

Muhammad az-Zanati Muhammad al-Zanati ( ) is a Libyan politician who was the General Secretary of the General People's Congress, and as such the head of state of Libya from 18 January 1992 until 3 March 2008. He was reappointed on 1 March 2000. He is of the Qadhadhf ...

, Secretary-General (1992–2008) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

Mahmud Sulayman al-Maghribi Mahmood Suleiman Maghribi ( ar, محمود سليمان المغربي) (29 November 1935 – 17 July 2009) was the Prime Minister of Libya from 8 September 1969 to 16 January 1970. Biography Maghribi, who was born and raised in Haifa before ...

, Prime minister (1969–1970) ::*

, Prime minister (1970–1972) ::*

Abdessalam Jalloud Abdessalam Jalloud ( ar, عبد السلام جلود, ‘Abd al-Salmān Julūd) (born 15 December 1944) is the former Prime Minister of Libya. His tenure lasted from 16 July 1972 to 2 March 1977, during the government of Muammar Gaddafi. He was al ...

, Prime minister (1972–1977) ::*

, Prime minister (1977–1979) ::*

Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi ( ar, جاد الله عزوز الطلحي; born 1939) is a Libyan diplomat and politician who served as prime minister of Libya for two terms. Education Born in 1939, Talhi obtained a geology degree from Louvain Universi ...

, Prime minister (1979–1984) ::*

, Prime minister (1984–1986) ::*

, Prime minister (1986–1987) ::*

Umar Mustafa al-Muntasir Umar Mustafa Al-Muntassar ( ar, عمر مصطفى المنتصر) (1939 – 23 January 2001) was Secretary of the General People's Committee (Prime Minister) of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Muammar Gaddafi became the ''de facto'' leade ...

, Prime minister (1987–1990) ::*

Abuzed Omar Dorda Abuzed Omar Dorda ( ar, أبو زيد عمر دوردة; 4 April 1944 – 28 February 2022) was a Libyan politician who was the General Secretary of the People's Committee (Prime Minister) of Libya from 7 October 1990 to 29 January 1994, and L ...

, Prime minister (1990–1994) ::*

Abdul Majid al-Qa′ud Abdul Majid al-Qaʿud ( ar, عبد المجيد القعود) (born 1943) was General Secretary of the People's Committee in Libya (prime minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of t ...

, Prime minister (1994–1997) ::* Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush, Prime minister (1997–2000) ::*

Imbarek Shamekh Imbarek Shamekh ( ar, امبارك عبدالله الشامخ) (sometimes Mubarak Abdallah al-Shamikh or Embarek Shamekh) (born 15 May 1952) is a Libyan politician and bureaucrat. He served as the Secretary-General of General People's Congress ...

, Prime minister (2000–2003) ''Tunisia'' *

Beylik of Tunis The Beylik of Tunis (), also known as Kingdom of Tunis ( ar, المملكة التونسية) was a largely autonomous beylik of the Ottoman Empire located in present-day Tunisia. It was ruled by the Husainid dynasty from 1705 until the abolit ...

Bey Bey ( ota, بك, beğ, script=Arab, tr, bey, az, bəy, tk, beg, uz, бек, kz, би/бек, tt-Cyrl, бәк, translit=bäk, cjs, пий/пек, sq, beu/bej, sh, beg, fa, بیگ, beyg/, tg, бек, ar, بك, bak, gr, μπέης) is ...

s ( complete list) – ::*

Muhammad VIII al-Amin Muhammad VIII al-Amin ( ar, محمد الثامن الأمين; 4 September 1881 – 30 September 1962) commonly known as Lamine Bey ( ar, الأمين باي), was the last Bey of Tunis (15 May 1943 – 20 March 1956),Werner Ruf, ''Introduction ...

, Bey (1943–1956) :*Grand viziers ( complete list) – ::*

Mohamed Chenik Mohamed Chenik also known as M'hamed Chenik (محمد شنيق) (Tunis, May 1889 – Radès, November 20, 1976) was a Tunisian politician and businessman. He served as Prime Minister of Tunisia twice, in 1943 under Muhammad VII al-Munsif, and aga ...

, Prime minister (1950–1952) ::*

Slaheddine Baccouche Slaheddine Baccouche (August 14, 1883 – December 24, 1959) was a Tunisian politician. He served as grand vizier of Tunis under Muhammad VIII al-Amin Muhammad VIII al-Amin ( ar, محمد الثامن الأمين; 4 September 1881 – 30 ...

, Prime minister (1952–1954) ::*

Mohamed Salah Mzali Mohamed Salah Mzali (11 February 1896 – 22 November 1984) was a Tunisian educator, historian and politician. He was Prime Minister of Tunisia for a brief period in 1954 under Muhammad VIII al-Amin. Mohamed Salah Mzali is a descent of the A ...

, Prime minister (1954) ::* Georges Dupoizat, Interim Prime minister (1954) ::*

Tahar Ben Ammar Tahar Ben Ammar (November 25, 1889 – May 10, 1985http://www.taharbenammar.com/chronologie.php) (Arabic: الطاهر بن عمار) was a Tunisian politician. Biography He was born in Tunis. He served as the last Prime Minister of Tunisia u ...

, Prime minister (1954–1956) *

French protectorate of Tunisia The French protectorate of Tunisia (french: Protectorat français de Tunisie; ar, الحماية الفرنسية في تونس '), commonly referred to as simply French Tunisia, was established in 1881, during the French colonial Empire era, ...

( complete list) – :''Protectorate, 1881–1956'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' *

Kingdom of Tunisia The Kingdom of Tunisia (french: Royaume de Tunisie; ar, المملكة التونسية ') was a short-lived country established as a monarchy on 20 March 1956 after Tunisian independence and the end of the French protectorate period. It appear ...

:*King ( complete list) – ::*

, King (1956–1957) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::*

, Prime minister (1956) ::*

Habib Bourguiba Habib Bourguiba (; ar, الحبيب بورقيبة, al-Ḥabīb Būrqībah; 3 August 19036 April 2000) was a Tunisian lawyer, nationalist leader and statesman who led the country from 1956 to 1957 as the prime minister of the Kingdom of T ...

, Prime minister (1956–1957) *Republic of

Tunisia ) , image_map = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = Location of Tunisia in northern Africa , image_map2 = , capital = Tunis , largest_city = capital , ...

:* Presidents ( complete list) – ::*

, President (1957–1987) ::*

Zine El Abidine Ben Ali Zine El Abidine Ben Ali ( ar, زين العابدين بن علي, translit=Zayn al-'Ābidīn bin 'Alī; 3 September 1936 – 19 September 2019), commonly known as Ben Ali ( ar, بن علي) or Ezzine ( ar, الزين), was a Tunisian politician ...

, President (1987–2011) :*Prime ministers ( complete list) – ::* Bahi Ladgham, Prime minister (1969–1970) ::*

Hedi Amara Nouira Hedi may refer to: Geography *Hedi language Afro-Asiatic language of Cameroon and Nigeria *Hedi List of prisons in Shanxi province *Hedi List of township-level divisions of Zhejiang Film *Hedi (film) People *Hédi (name), list of people with the n ...

, Prime minister (1970–1980) ::*

Mohammed Mzali Mohammed Mzali ( ar, محمد مزالي, 23 December 1925 – 23 June 2010) was a Tunisian politician who served as Prime Minister between 1980 and 1986. Early life Mzali was born in Monastir, Tunisia on 23 December 1925. His family has ancest ...

, Prime minister (1980–1986) ::*

Rachid Sfar Rachid Sfar ( ar, رشيد صفر; born September 11, 1933), is the former Prime Minister of Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba, was born in Mahdia, the ancient Fatimite capital of Tunisia. He is the son of the Destourian leader Tahar Sfar, an ...

, Prime minister (1986–1987) ::*

, Prime minister (1987) ::*

Hédi Baccouche Hédi Baccouche (15 January 1930 – 21 January 2020) was the Prime Minister of Tunisia from 7 November 1987 to 27 September 1989. Baccouche led the Socialist Destourian Party until it changed its name to the Constitutional Democratic Rally in 19 ...

, Prime minister (1987–1989) ::*

Hamed Karoui Hamed Karoui ( ar, حامد القروي) (30 December 1927 – 27 March 2020) was Prime Minister of Tunisia from 27 September 1989 to 17 November 1999. From 1986 to 1987 he was Minister of Youth and Sports and from 1988 to 1989 he was Minister ...

, Prime minister (1989–1999) ::*

Mohamed Ghannouchi Mohamed Ghannouchi ( ar, محمد الغنوشي ''Muhammad Al-Ghannushi''; born 18 August 1941) is a Tunisian politician who was Prime Minister of Tunisia from 1999 to 2011. Regarded as a technocrat, Ghannouchi was a long-standing figure in the ...

, Prime minister (1999–2011)

Africa: Northeast

''Egypt'' * Kingdom of Egypt :*

King King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...

( complete list) – ::* Farouk I, King (1936–1952) ::*

Fuad II Fuad II (, full name: Ahmed Fuad bin Farouk bin Ismail bin Ibrahim bin Muhammad Ali; born 16 January 1952), or alternatively Ahmed Fuad II, is a member of the Egyptian Muhammad Ali dynasty. He formally reigned as the last King of Egypt and the S ...

, King (1952–1953) :*Prime Minister of Egypt, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Egypt, complete list) – ::*Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime minister (1950–1952) ::*Aly Maher Pasha, Prime minister (1952) ::*Ahmed Naguib el-Hilaly, Prime minister (1952) ::*Hussein Serry Pasha, Prime minister (1952) ::*Ahmed Naguib el-Hilaly, Prime minister (1952) ::*Aly Maher Pasha, Prime minister (1952) ::*Mohammed Naguib, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1952–1953) *Republic of Egypt (1953–58), Republic of Egypt (1953–1958) :*President of Egypt, Presidents (List of presidents of Egypt, complete list) – ::*Mohammed Naguib, President (1953–1954) ::*Gamal Abdel Nasser, President (1954–1970) :*Prime Minister of Egypt, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Egypt, complete list) – ::*Mohammed Naguib, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1953–1954) ::*Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1954) ::*Mohammed Naguib, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1954) ::*Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1954–1962) *United Arab Republic – :*Gamal Abdel Nasser, President and Prime minister (1958–1961) *Arab Republic of Egypt :*President of Egypt, Presidents (List of presidents of Egypt, complete list) – ::*Gamal Abdel Nasser, President (1954–1970) ::*Anwar Sadat, President (1970–1981) ::*Sufi Abu Taleb, Interim President (1981) ::*Hosni Mubarak, President (1981–2011) :*Prime Minister of Egypt, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Egypt, complete list) – ::*Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1954–1962) ::*Ali Sabri, Prime minister (1962–1965) ::*Zakaria Mohieddin, Prime minister (1965–1966) ::*Mohamed Sedki Sulayman, Prime minister (1966–1967) ::*Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime minister (1967–1970) ::*Mahmoud Fawzi, Prime minister (1970–1972) ::*Aziz Sedky, Prime minister (1972–1973) ::*Anwar Sadat, Prime minister (1973–1974) ::*Abd El Aziz Mohamed Hegazi, Prime minister (1974–1975) ::*Mamdouh Salem, Prime minister (1975–1978) ::*Mustafa Khalil, Prime minister (1978–1980) ::*Anwar Sadat, Prime minister (1980–1981) ::*Hosni Mubarak, Prime minister (1981–1982) ::*Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin, Prime minister (1982–1984) ::*Kamal Hassan Ali, Prime minister (1984–1985) ::*Aly Lotfy Mahmoud, Prime minister (1985–1986) ::*Atef Sedky, Prime minister (1986–1996) ::*Kamal Ganzouri, Prime minister (1996–1999) ::*Atef Ebeid, Prime minister (1999–2004) ''Sudan'' *Anglo-Egyptian Sudan ( complete list / complete list) – :''Condominium (international law), Condominium of the United Kingdom and Egypt, 1899–1956'' :''For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *History of Sudan (1956–69), Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969) :*Presidents (List of heads of state of Sudan, complete list) – ::*Ibrahim Abboud, President (1958–1964) ::*Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, President (1964–1965) ::*Ismail al-Azhari, President (1965–1969) :*Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Sudan, complete list) – ::*Ismail al-Azhari, Prime minister (1954–1956) ::*Abdallah Khalil, Prime minister (1956–1958) ::*Ibrahim Abboud, Prime minister (1958–1964) ::*Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, Prime minister (1964–1965) ::*Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub, Prime minister (1965–1966) ::*Sadiq al-Mahdi, Prime minister (1966–1967) ::*Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub, Prime minister (1967–1969) *History of Sudan (1969–85), Democratic Republic of the Sudan :*Presidents (List of heads of state of Sudan, complete list) – ::*Gaafar Nimeiry, President (1969–1985) :*Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Sudan, complete list) – ::*Babiker Awadalla, Prime minister (1969) ::*Gaafar Nimeiry, Prime minister (1969–1976) ::*Rashid Bakr (politician), Rashid Bakr, Prime minister (1976–1977) ::*Gaafar Nimeiry, Prime minister (1977–1985) ::*Al-Jazuli Daf'allah, Prime minister (1985) *Republic of the Sudan :*Presidents (List of heads of state of Sudan, complete list) – ::*Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab, President (1985–1986) ::*Ahmed al-Mirghani, President (1986–1989) ::*Omar al-Bashir, President (1989–2019) :*Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Sudan, complete list) – ::*Al-Jazuli Daf'allah, Prime minister (1985–1986) ::*Sadiq al-Mahdi, Prime minister (1986–1989)

Africa: Northwest

''Algeria'' *French Algeria ( complete list) – :''French Départements, 1830–1962'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' *People's Democratic Republic of Algeria :*President of Algeria, Presidents (List of heads of state of Algeria, complete list) – ::*Abderrahmane Farès, President (1962) ::*Ferhat Abbas, President (1962–1963) ::*Ahmed Ben Bella, President (1963–1965) ::*Houari Boumediene :::*Chairman of the Revolutionary Council (1965–1976) :::*President (1976–1978) ::*Rabah Bitat, Interim President (1978–1979) ::*Chadli Bendjedid, President (1979–1992) ::*Abdelmalek Benhabyles, Interim President (1992) ::*Mohamed Boudiaf, Chairman of the High Council (1992) ::*Ali Kafi, President (1992–1994) ::*Liamine Zéroual, President (1994–1999) ::*Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President (1999–2019) :*Prime Minister of Algeria, Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Algeria, complete list) – ::*Ahmed Ben Bella, Prime minister (1962–1963) ::*Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani, Prime minister (1979–1984) ::*Abdelhamid Brahimi, Prime minister (1984–1988) ::*Kasdi Merbah, Prime minister (1988–1989) ::*Mouloud Hamrouche, Prime minister (1989–1991) ::*Sid Ahmed Ghozali, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Belaid Abdessalam, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Redha Malek, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Mokdad Sifi, Prime minister (1994–1995) ::*Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime minister (1995–1998) ::*Smail Hamdani, Prime minister (1998–1999) ::*Ahmed Benbitour, Prime minister (1999–2000) ::*Ali Benflis, Prime minister (2000–2003) ''Morocco'' *Sultanate/ Kingdom of Morocco :''French protectorate in Morocco, French protectorate, 1912–1956; Spanish protectorate in Morocco, Spanish protectorate, 1912–1956; Tangier International Zone, 1924–1956'' :*Alaouite dynasty (List of rulers of Morocco#Alaouite dynasty, complete list) – ::*Mohammed V of Morocco, Mohammed V, Sultan (1927–1953, 1955–1957), King (1957–1961) ::*Mohammed Ben Aarafa, Sultan (1953–1955) ::*Hassan II of Morocco, Hassan II, King (1961–1999) ::*Mohammed VI of Morocco, Mohammed VI, King (1999–present) :*Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Morocco, complete list) – ::*Mbarek Bekkay, Prime minister (1955–1958) ::*Ahmed Balafrej, Prime minister (1958) ::*Abdallah Ibrahim, Prime minister (1958–1960) ::*Ahmed Bahnini, Prime minister (1963–1965) ::*Mohamed Benhima, Prime minister (1967–1969) ::*Ahmed Laraki, Prime minister (1969–1971) ::*Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime minister (1971–1972) ::*Ahmed Osman (politician), Ahmed Osman, Prime minister (1972–1979) ::*Maati Bouabid, Prime minister (1979–1983) ::*Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime minister (1983–1986) ::*Azzeddine Laraki, Prime minister (1986–1992) ::*Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime minister (1992–1994) ::*Abdellatif Filali, Prime minister (1994–1998) ::*Abderrahmane Youssoufi, Prime minister (1998–2002) *Spanish Sahara, ( complete list) – :''Overseas territory, 1884–1958; Overseas province, 1958–1975'' :''For details see Spain in southwest Europe'' *Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, has limited recognition: Morocco claims Western Sahara :*Presidents (President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, complete list) – ::*El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed, President (1976) ::*Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Acting President (1976) ::*Mohamed Abdelaziz (Sahrawi politician), Mohamed Abdelaziz, President (1976–2016) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, complete list) – ::*Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed, Prime minister (1976–1982) ::*Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime minister (1982–1985) ::*Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed, Prime minister (1985–1988) ::*Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime minister (1988–1993) ::*Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime minister (1993–1995) ::*Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime minister (1995–1999) ::*Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime minister (1999–2003)

Africa: South

''Botswana'' *Bechuanaland Protectorate ( complete list) – :''British protectorate, 1885–1966'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Republic of Botswana :*Presidents (President of Botswana, complete list) – ::*Seretse Khama, President (1966–1980) ::*Quett Masire, President (1980–1998) ::*Festus Mogae, President (1998–2008) :*Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Botswana, complete list) – ::*Seretse Khama, Prime minister (1965–1966) ''Eswatini/ Swaziland'' *History of Eswatini#Swaziland Protectorate (1906–1968), Protectorate of Swaziland :*Kings (List of monarchs of Swaziland, complete list) – ::*Sobhuza II, Paramount Chief under British rule (1921–1968), King (1968–1982) :*tiNdlovukati (Ndlovukati#List of tiNdlovukati, complete list) – ::*Nukwase Ndwandwe, Ndlovukati (1938–1957) ::*Zihlathi Ndwandwe/Mkhatjwa, Ndlovukati (1957–1975) *Kingdom of Eswatini (Swaziland) :*Kings (List of monarchs of Eswatini, complete list) – ::*Sobhuza II, Paramount Chief under British rule (1921–1968), King (1968–1982) ::*Dzeliwe of Swaziland, Dzeliwe, Regent (1982–1983) ::*Prince Sozisa Dlamini, Sozisa Dlamini, Acting Regent (1983) ::*Ntfombi of Swaziland, Ntfombi, Regent (1983–1986) ::*Mswati III, King (1986–present) :*tiNdlovukati (Ndlovukati#List of tiNdlovukati, complete list) – ::*Zihlathi Ndwandwe/Mkhatjwa, Ndlovukati (1957–1975) ::*Seneleleni Ndwandwe, Seneleleni, Ndlovukati (1975–1982) ::*Dzeliwe of Swaziland, Dzeliwe, Queen Regent and Ndlovukati (1982–1983) ::*Ntfombi of Swaziland, Ntfombi, Queen Regent (1983–1986), Ndlovukati (1983–present) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Eswatini, complete list) – ::*Makhosini Dlamini, Prime minister (1967–1976) ::*Maphevu Dlamini, Prime minister (1976–1979) ::*Ben Nsibandze, Acting Prime minister (1979) ::*Mabandla Dlamini, Prime minister (1979–1983) ::*Bhekimpi Dlamini, Prime minister (1983–1986) ::*Sotsha Dlamini, Prime minister (1986–1989) ::*Obed Dlamini, Prime minister (1989–1993) ::*Andreas Fakudze, Acting Prime minister (1993) ::*Jameson Mbilini Dlamini, Prime minister (1993–1996) ::*Sishayi Nxumalo, Acting Prime minister (1996) ::*Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime minister (1996–2003) ''Lesotho'' *Basutoland ( complete list) – :''British colony, 1884–1966'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' :*Paramount Chiefs (List of monarchs of Lesotho, complete list) – ::*'Mantšebo, Regent (1941–1960) ::*Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho, Moshoeshoe II, Paramount Chief (1960–1966), King (1966–1990, 1995–1996) *Kingdom of Lesotho :*Monarchs (List of monarchs of Lesotho, complete list) – ::*Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho, Moshoeshoe II, Paramount Chief (1960–1966), King (1966–1990, 1995–1996) ::*Letsie III of Lesotho, Letsie III, King (1990–1995, 1996–present) :*Heads of government (List of prime ministers of Lesotho, complete list) – ::*Leabua Jonathan, Prime minister (1965–1986) ::*Justin Lekhanya, Chairman of the Military Council (1986–1991) ::*Elias Phisoana Ramaema, Chairman of the Military Council (1991–1993) ::*Ntsu Mokhehle, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Hae Phoofolo, Interim Prime minister (1994) ::*Ntsu Mokhehle, Prime minister (1994–1998) ::*Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime minister (1998–2012) ''Malawi'' *Nyasaland ( complete list) – :''British protectorate, 1907–1964'' :''For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Malawi (1964–1966), Malawi (Commonwealth realm) : :*Queen of Malawi, Monarch (List of heads of state of Malawi, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1964–1966) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Malawi, complete list) – ::*Hastings Banda, Prime minister (1964–1966) *Republic of Malawi (List of heads of state of Malawi#President of Malawi, complete list) – :*Hastings Banda, President (1966–1994) :*Bakili Muluzi, President (1994–2004) ''Mozambique'' *Portuguese Mozambique ( complete list) – :''Colony, 1498–1972; Territory, 1972–1975'' :''For details see the

under Southwest Europe'' *People's Republic of Mozambique :*Presidents (List of heads of state of Mozambique, complete list) – ::*Samora Machel, President (1975–1986) ::*Political Bureau of the Central Committee of FRELIMO (1986) ::*Joaquim Chissano, President (1986–1990) :*Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Mozambique, complete list) – ::*Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime minister (1986–1990) *Republic of Mozambique :*Presidents (List of heads of state of Mozambique, complete list) – ::*Joaquim Chissano, President (1990–2005) :*Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Mozambique, complete list) – ::*Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime minister (1990–1994) ::*Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime minister (1994–2004) ''Namibia'' *South West Africa (State President of the South African Republic, complete list) – :''United Nations trust territory, 1946–1990'' :''For details see the South African Republic under southern Africa '' *Namibia :*Presidents (President of Namibia, complete list) – ::*Sam Nujoma, President (1990–2005) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Namibia, complete list) – ::*Hage Geingob, Prime minister (1990–2002) ''South Africa'' *Union of South Africa :*Monarchy of South Africa, Monarchs (List of heads of state of South Africa, complete list) – ::*George VI, King (1936–1952) ::*

, Queen (1952–1961) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of South Africa, complete list) – ::*Daniel François Malan, Prime minister (1948–1954) ::*Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom, Prime minister (1954–1958) ::*Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime minister (1958–1966) *Republic of South Africa :*State presidents (State President of South Africa, complete list) – ::*Charles Robberts Swart, State President (1961–1967) ::*Jozua Naudé (politician), Jozua François Naudé, Acting State President (1967–1968) ::*Jacobus Johannes Fouché, State President (1968–1975) ::*Johannes de Klerk, Acting State President (1975) ::*Nico Diederichs, State President (1975–1978) ::*Marais Viljoen, Acting State President (1978) ::*B. J. Vorster, Balthazar Johannes Vorster, State President (1978–1979) ::*Marais Viljoen, State President (1979–1984) ::*P. W. Botha, State President (1984–1989) ::*F. W. de Klerk, State President (1989–1994) :*Presidents (President of South Africa, complete list) – ::*Nelson Mandela, President (1994–1999) ::*Thabo Mbeki, President (1999–2008) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of South Africa, complete list) – ::*Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime minister (1958–1966) ::*B. J. Vorster, Balthazar Johannes Vorster, Prime minister (1966–1978) ::*P. W. Botha, Pieter Willem Botha, Prime minister (1978–1984) *Bophuthatswana (List of leaders of the TBVC states#Bophuthatswana, complete list) – :*Lucas Mangope, Chief Executive officer/Councillor (1968–1972), Chief Minister (1972–1977), President (1977–1994) :*Rocky Malebane-Metsing, President (1994) *Ciskei (List of leaders of the TBVC states#Ciskei, complete list) – :*Lennox Sebe, President (1981–1990) :*Oupa Gqozo, Chairman (1990–1994) *Transkei :*Presidents (List of leaders of the TBVC states#Transkei, complete list) – ::*Botha Sigcau, President (1976–1978) ::*Zwelibanzi Maneli Mabandla, Acting President (1978–1979) ::*Kaiser Matanzima, President (1979–1986) ::*Tutor Nyangelizwe Vulindlela Ndamase, President (1986–1994) :*Prime ministers (List of leaders of the TBVC states#Transkei, complete list) – ::*Kaiser Matanzima, Prime minister (1976–1979) ::*George Matanzima, Prime minister (1979–1987) ::*Dumnisani Gladstone Gwadiso, Acting Prime minister (1987) ::*Stella Sigcau, Prime minister (1987) ::*Bantu Holomisa, Head of the Military Council (1987–1994) *Venda (List of leaders of the TBVC states#Venda, complete list) – :*Patrick Mphephu, President (1979–1988) :*Frank Ravele, Acting President (1988–1990) :*Gabriel Ramushwana, Military Chairman (1990–1994) :*Tshamano Ramabulana, Military Chairman (1994) ''Zambia'' *Barotseland (Litunga#List of Litungas, complete list) – :*Mwanawina III, Mbumu wa Litunga (1948–1968) *Northern Rhodesia ( complete list) – :''British protectorate, 1924–1964'' :''For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland ( complete list) – :''Self-governing British colony, 1953–1963'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Republic of Zambia :*Presidents (List of presidents of Zambia, complete list) – ::*Kenneth Kaunda, President (1964–1991) ::*Frederick Chiluba, President (1991–2002) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Zambia, complete list) –''Zambia'' ::*Mainza Chona, Prime minister (1973–1975) ::*Elijah Mudenda, Prime minister (1975–1977) ::*Mainza Chona, Prime minister (1977–1978) ::*Daniel Lisulo, Prime minister (1978–1981) ::*Nalumino Mundia, Prime minister (1981–1985) ::*Kebby Musokotwane, Prime minister (1985–1989) ::*Malimba Masheke, Prime minister (1989–1991) ''Zimbabwe'' *Southern Rhodesia ( complete list) – :''British protectorate, 1924–1964'' :''For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Rhodesia, ''unrecognised state'' :*President of Rhodesia, Presidents (List of presidents of Zimbabwe, complete list) – ::*Clifford Dupont, President (1970–1975) ::*Henry Everard, Acting President (1975–1976) ::*John Wrathall, President (1976–1978) ::*Henry Everard, Acting President (1978) ::*Jack William Pithey, Acting President (1978–1979) ::*Henry Everard, Acting President (1979) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Rhodesia, complete list) – ::*Ian Smith, Prime minister (1964–1979) *Zimbabwe Rhodesia :*President of Zimbabwe Rhodesia, Presidents (List of presidents of Zimbabwe, complete list) – ::*Josiah Zion Gumede, President (1979) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Zimbabwe Rhodesia, complete list) – ::*Abel Muzorewa, Prime minister (1979) *Republic of Zimbabwe :*Presidents (List of presidents of Zimbabwe, complete list) – ::*Canaan Banana, President (1980–1987) ::*Robert Mugabe, President (1987–2017) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Zimbabwe, complete list) – ::*Robert Mugabe, Prime minister (1980–1987)

Africa: West

''Benin'' *French Dahomey, part of French West Africa ( complete list) – :''Colony, 1904–1958'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' *Republic of Dahomey :*Presidents (List of presidents of Benin, complete list) – ::*Hubert Maga, President (1960–1963) ::*Christophe Soglo, Head of the Provisional Government (1963–1964) ::*Sourou-Migan Apithy, President (1964–1965) ::*Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin, Acting President (1965) ::*Tahirou Congacou, Acting President (1965) ::*Christophe Soglo, President (1965–1967) ::*Jean-Baptiste Hachème, Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee (1967) ::*Maurice Kouandété, Head of State (1967) ::*Alphonse Alley, Head of State (1967–1968) ::*Émile Derlin Zinsou, President (1968–1969) ::*Maurice Kouandété, Chief of Staff of the Army (1969) ::*Paul-Émile de Souza, Chairman of the Directory (1969–1970) ::*Hubert Maga, Chairman of the Presidential Council (1970–1972) ::*Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin, Chairman of the Presidential Council (1972) ::*Mathieu Kérékou, President (1972–1975) :*Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Benin, complete list) – ::*Hubert Maga, Prime minister (1960) ::*Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin, Prime minister (1964–1965) ::*Christophe Soglo, Prime minister (1965–1967) ::*Maurice Kouandété, Prime minister (1967–1972) *People's Republic of Benin (List of presidents of Benin, complete list) – :*Mathieu Kérékou, President (1975–1990) *Republic of Benin :*Presidents (List of presidents of Benin, complete list) – ::*Mathieu Kérékou, President (1990–1991) ::*Nicéphore Soglo, President (1991–1996) ::*Mathieu Kérékou, President (1996–2006) :*Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Benin, complete list) – ::*Nicéphore Soglo, Prime minister (1990–1991) ::*Adrien Houngbédji, Prime minister (1996–1998) ''Burkina Faso'' *List of rulers of Liptako, Kingdom of Koala (List of rulers of Liptako#Kings of Koala, complete list) – :*Yempaabu, King (1941–1986) *Mossi Kingdoms, Mossi Kingdom of Bilanga (List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilanga, complete list) – :*Banyikuba, Bilanbedo (1927–1970) *Mossi Kingdoms, Mossi Kingdom of Con (Burkina Faso), Con (List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Con, complete list) – :*Yencabri, ruler (1942–1969) *Mossi Kingdoms, Mossi Kingdom of Liptako (List of rulers of the Mossi state of Liptako, complete list) – :*Abdullahi Sandu bi Faruku, Almami (1932–1956) :*Usman bi Amiru, Almami (1956–1959) *Mossi Kingdoms, Mossi Kingdom of Macakoali (List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Macakoali, complete list) – :*Yendieri, Boopo (1945–1976) *Mossi Kingdoms, Mossi Kingdom of Pama (Burkina Faso), Pama – :*Huntani, Jafuali (1938–1952) :*Yempaabu, Jafuali (1952–?) *Mossi Kingdoms, Mossi Kingdom of Tenkodogo (List of rulers of the Mossi state of Tenkodogo, complete list) – :*Yamba Sorgo, Naaba (1933–1957) *Wogodogo Monarchy, Mossi Kingdom of Wogodogo (List of rulers of the Mossi state of Wogodogo, complete list) – :*Naaba Saaga II, Moogo-naaba (1942–1957) :*Naaba Kugri, Moogo-naaba (1957–1982) *Mossi Kingdoms, Mossi Kingdom of Yatenga Province, Yatenga (List of rulers of the Mossi state of Yatenga, complete list) – :*Naaba Tigre, Yatenga naaba (1914–1954) :*Naaba Sigiri, Yatenga naaba (1954–1960) *French Upper Volta part of French West Africa ( complete list) – :''Colony, 1919–1932, 1947–1958'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' *Republic of Upper Volta :*Presidents (List of heads of state of Burkina Faso, complete list) – ::*Maurice Yaméogo, President (1960–1966) ::*Sangoulé Lamizana, President (1966–1980) ::*Saye Zerbo, President (1980–1982) ::*Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo, President (1982–1983) ::*Thomas Sankara, President (1983–1984) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Burkina Faso, complete list) – ::*Gérard Kango Ouédraogo, Prime minister (1971–1974) ::*Sangoulé Lamizana, Prime minister (1974–1978) ::*Joseph Conombo, Prime minister (1978–1980) ::*Saye Zerbo, Prime minister (1980–1982) ::*Thomas Sankara, Prime minister (1983) *Republic of Burkina Faso :*Presidents (List of heads of state of Burkina Faso, complete list) – ::*Thomas Sankara, President (1984–1987) ::*Blaise Compaoré, President (1987–2014) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Burkina Faso, complete list) – ::*Youssouf Ouédraogo, Prime minister (1992–1994) ::*Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, Prime minister (1994–1996) ::*Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo, Prime minister (1996–2000) ::*Paramanga Ernest Yonli, Prime minister (2000–2007) ''Cape Verde'' *Portuguese Cape Verde ( complete list) – :''Colony, 1462–1951; Overseas province, 1951–1975'' :''For details see the

under Southwest Europe'' *Republic of Cape Verde :*Presidents (List of presidents of Cape Verde, complete list) – ::*Aristides Pereira, President (1975–1991) ::*António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President (1991–2001) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Cape Verde, complete list) – ::*Pedro Pires, Prime minister (1975–1991) ::*Carlos Veiga, Prime minister (1991–2000) ::*Gualberto do Rosário, Prime minister (2000–2001) ''Gambia'' *Gambia Colony and Protectorate ( complete list) – :''British colony and protectorate, 1821–1965'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *The Gambia (1965–1970) :*Head of State (List of heads of state of the Gambia, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1965–1970) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of the Gambia, complete list) – ::*Dawda Jawara, Prime minister (1965–1970) *Republic of the Gambia (List of heads of state of the Gambia, complete list) – :*Dawda Jawara, President (1970–1994) :*Yahya Jammeh, Chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council (1994–1996), President (1996–2017) ''Ghana'' *Ashanti Empire, Kingdom of Ashanti (List of rulers of Asante, complete list) – :*Osei Tutu Agyeman Prempeh II, King (1935–1957) *Gold Coast (British colony), Gold Coast ( complete list) – :''British colony, 1821–1957'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Dominion of Ghana :*Head of State (List of heads of state of Ghana, complete list) – :*

, Queen (1957–1960) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Guinea, complete list) – ::*Kwame Nkrumah, Prime minister (1957–1960) *Republic of Ghana (List of heads of state of Ghana, complete list) – :*Kwame Nkrumah, President of the First Republic (1960–1966) :*Joseph Arthur Ankrah, Military Head of State (1966–1969) :*Akwasi Afrifa, Military Head of State (1969) :*Akwasi Afrifa, President of the Second Republic (1969–1970) :*Nii Amaa Ollennu, Acting President of the Second Republic (1970) :*Edward Akufo-Addo, President of the Second Republic (1970–1972) :*Ignatius Kutu Acheampong, Military Head of State (1972–1978) :*Fred Akuffo, Military Head of State (1978–1979) :*Jerry Rawlings, Military Head of State (1979) :*Hilla Limann, President of the Third Republic (1979–1981) :*Jerry Rawlings, Military Head of State (1981–1993), President of the Fourth Republic (1993–2001) ''Guinea'' *French Guinea part of French West Africa ( complete list) – :''French colony, 1894–1958'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' *Republic of Guinea :*Presidents (List of presidents of Guinea, complete list) – ::*Ahmed Sékou Touré, President (1958–1984) ::*Louis Lansana Beavogui, Acting President (1984) ::*Lansana Conté, President (1984–2008) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Guinea, complete list) – ::*Louis Lansana Beavogui, Prime minister (1972–1984) ::*Diarra Traoré, Prime minister (1984) ::*Sidya Touré, Prime minister (1996–1999) ::*Lamine Sidimé, Prime minister (1999–2004) ''Guinea-Bissau'' *Portuguese Guinea ( complete list) – :''Colony, 1474–1951; Overseas province, 1951–1974'' :''For details see the

under Southwest Europe'' *Guinea-Bissau :*Presidents (List of presidents of Guinea-Bissau, complete list) – ::*Luís Cabral, President (1973–1980) ::*João Bernardo Vieira, President (1980–1984) ::*Carmen Pereira, Acting President (1984) ::*João Bernardo Vieira, President (1984–1999) ::*Ansumane Mané, Chairman of the Supreme Command of the Military Junta (1999) ::*Malam Bacai Sanhá, Acting President (1999–2000) ::*Kumba Ialá, President (2000–2003) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Guinea-Bissau, complete list) – ::*Francisco Mendes, Prime minister (1973–1978) ::*Constantino Teixeira, Prime minister (1978) ::*João Bernardo Vieira, Prime minister (1978–1980) ::*Victor Saúde Maria, Prime minister (1982–1984) ::*Carlos Correia, Prime minister (1991–1994) ::*Manuel Saturnino da Costa, Prime minister (1994–1997) ::*Carlos Correia, Prime minister (1997–1998) ::*Francisco Fadul, Prime minister (1998–2000) ::*Caetano N'Tchama, Prime minister (2000–2001) ''Ivory Coast'' *History of Ivory Coast#French colonial era, French Ivory Coast part of French West Africa ( complete list) – :''Colony, 1893–1960'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' *Republic of Ivory Coast :*Presidents (List of heads of state of Ivory Coast, complete list) – ::*Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President (1960–1993) ::*Henri Konan Bédié, President (1993–1999) ::*Robert Guéï, President (1999–2000) ::*Laurent Gbagbo, President (2000–2011) :*Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Ivory Coast, complete list) – ::*Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Prime minister (1960) ::*Alassane Ouattara, Prime minister (1990–1993) ::*Daniel Kablan Duncan, Prime minister (1993–1999) ::*Seydou Diarra, Prime minister (2000) ::*Pascal Affi N'Guessan, Prime minister (2000–2003) ''Liberia'' *Liberia (President of Liberia#List, complete list) – :*William Tubman, President (1944–1971) :*William R. Tolbert Jr., President (1971–1980) :*Samuel Doe, Chairman of the People's Redemption Council (1980–1986), president (1986–1990) :*Amos Sawyer, President of the Interim Government of National Unity (1990–1994) :*David D. Kpormakpor, Chairman of the Council of State (1994–1995) :*Wilton G. S. Sankawulo, Chairman of the Council of State (1995–1996) :*Ruth Perry, Chairwoman of the Council of State (1996–1997) :*Charles Taylor (Liberian politician), Charles Taylor, President (1997–2003) ''Mali'' *French Sudan part of French West Africa ( complete list) – :''Colony, 1880–1958'' *Mali Federation ( complete list) – :''French territory, united together with Senegal 1959–1960'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' *Republic of Mali :*Heads of state (List of presidents of Mali, complete list) – ::*Modibo Keïta, Head of State (1960–1965), President (1965–1968) ::*Moussa Traoré, Chairman of the Military Committee for National Liberation (1968–1969), Head of State (1969–1979), President (1979–1991) ::*Amadou Toumani Touré, Chairman of the National Reconciliation Council (1991), Chairman of the Transitional Committee (1991–1992) ::*Alpha Oumar Konaré, President (1992–2002) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Mali, complete list) – ::*Modibo Keïta, Prime minister (1960–1965) ::*Yoro Diakité, Prime minister (1968–1969) ::*Mamadou Dembelé, Prime minister (1986–1988) ::*Soumana Sacko, Acting Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Younoussi Touré, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Abdoulaye Sékou Sow, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, Prime minister (1994–2000) ::*Mandé Sidibé, Prime minister (2000–2002) ''Mauritania'' *Colonial Mauritania part of French West Africa ( complete list) – :''French colony, 1903–1960'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' *Islamic Republic of Mauritania :*Heads of state (List of presidents of Mauritania, complete list) – ::*Moktar Ould Daddah, Acting Head of State (1960–1978), President (1960–1978) ::*Mustafa Ould Salek, Chairman of the Military Committee for National Recovery (1978–1979) ::*Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly, Chairman of the Military Committee for National Salvation (1979–1980) ::*Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla, Chairman of the Military Committee for National Salvation (1980–1984) ::*Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Chairman of the Military Committee for National Salvation (1984–1992), President (1992–2005) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Mauritania, complete list) – ::*Moktar Ould Daddah, Prime minister (1960–1961) ::*Ahmed Ould Bouceif, Prime minister (1979) ::*Ahmed Salim Ould Sidi, Acting Prime minister (1979) ::*Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla, Prime minister (1979–1980) ::*Sid Ahmed Ould Bneijara, Prime minister (1980–1981) ::*Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime minister (1981–1984) ::*Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla, Prime minister (1984) ::*Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime minister (1984–1992) ::*Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar, Prime minister (1992–1996) ::*Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime minister (1996–1997) ::*Mohamed Lemine Ould Guig, Prime minister (1997–1998) ::*Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime minister (1998–2003) ''Niger'' *Dosso Kingdom (Dosso Kingdom#Rulers chronology, complete list) – :*Zarmakoy Moumouni, King (1938–1953) :*Zarmakoy Hamani, King (1953–1962) *Colony of Niger part of French West Africa ( complete list) – :''French colony, 1921–1960'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' *Republic of the Niger :*Heads of state (List of heads of state of Niger, complete list) – ::*Hamani Diori, President of the Republic (1960–1974) ::*Seyni Kountché, President of the Supreme Military Council (1974–1987) ::*Ali Saibou, President of the Supreme Military Council (1987–1989), President of the Republic (1989–1993) ::*Mahamane Ousmane, President of the Republic (1993–1996) ::*Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, President of the Republic (1996–1999) ::*Daouda Malam Wanké, Chairman of the National Reconciliation Council (1999) ::*Mamadou Tandja, President of the Republic (1999–2010) :*Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Niger, complete list) – ::*Hamani Diori, Prime minister (1958–1960) ::*Mamane Oumarou, Prime minister (1983) ::*Hamid Algabid, Prime minister (1983–1988) ::*Mamane Oumarou, Prime minister (1988–1989) ::*Aliou Mahamidou, Prime minister (1990–1991) ::*Amadou Cheiffou, Prime minister (1991–1993) ::*Mahamadou Issoufou, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Souley Abdoulaye, Prime minister (1994–1995) ::*Amadou Cissé, Prime minister (1995) ::*Hama Amadou, Prime minister (1995–1996) ::*Boukary Adji, Prime minister (1996) ::*Amadou Cissé, Prime minister (1996–1997) ::*Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki, Prime minister (1997–2000) ::*Hama Amadou, Prime minister (2000–2007) ''Nigeria'' *Biafra (List of heads of state of Biafra, complete list) – :*C. Odumegwu Ojukwu, President (1967–1970) :*Philip Effiong, President (1970) *Egba Ake – :*Ladapo Ademola, Ladapo Samuel Ademola II, Alake (1872–1962), in exile (1948–1950), Ruler (1920–1962) *Ilorin Emirate – :*Abdulkadir Dan Bawa, Emir (1920–1959) :*Zulkarnayni Gambari "Aiyelabowo V", Emir (1959–1992) *Suleja Emirate (Suleja Emirate#List of rulers, complete list) – :*Sulaimanu Barau, Emir (1944–1979) *Lagos Colony ( complete list) – :''British colony, 1821–1957'' *Colonial Nigeria ( complete list) – :''British colony, 1914–1960'' :''For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Federal Republic of Nigeria (List of heads of state of Nigeria, complete list) – :*

, Queen (1960–1963) :*Nnamdi Azikiwe, President of the First Nigerian Republic, First Republic (1963–1966) :*Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, Military Head of State (1966) :*Yakubu Gowon, Military Head of State (1966–1975) :*Murtala Mohammed, Military Head of State (1975–1976) :*Olusegun Obasanjo, Military Head of State (1976–1979) :*Shehu Shagari, President of the Second Nigerian Republic, Second Republic (1979–1983) :*Muhammadu Buhari, Military Head of State (1983–1985) :*Ibrahim Babangida, Military Head of State (1985–1993) :*Ernest Shonekan, Transition Head of State Third Nigerian Republic, Third Republic (1993) :*Sani Abacha, Military Head of State (1993–1998) :*Abdulsalami Abubakar, Military Head of State (1998–1999) :*Olusegun Obasanjo, President of the Fourth Nigerian Republic, Fourth Republic (1999–2007) ''Senegal'' *Kingdom of Sine (Maad a Sinig, complete list) – :*Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof, Mahecor Joof, Maad a Sinig (1924–c.1960)Sheridan, Michael J. et Nyamweru, Celia, ''African sacred groves: ecological dynamics & social change'', James Currey, 2008, p. 141 *Saloum (Maad Saloum, complete list) – :*Fode N'Gouye Joof, Maad Saloum (1935–c.1960)Klein, Martin A., ''Islam and Imperialism in Senegal. Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914'', Edinburgh University Press, 1968, p. XV *French West Africa ( complete list) – :''Federation of colonies, 1895–1958'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' *History of Senegal#French period, French Senegal part of French West Africa ( complete list) – :''French colony, 1848–1960'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' *Senegambia Confederation :*Abdou Diouf, President (1982–1989) *Republic of Senegal :*Presidents (President of Senegal, complete list) – ::*Léopold Sédar Senghor, President (1960–1980) ::*Abdou Diouf, President (1981–2000) ::*Abdoulaye Wade, President (2000–2012) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Senegal, complete list) – ::*Mamadou Dia, Prime minister (1960–1962) ::*Abdou Diouf, Prime minister (1970–1980) ::*Habib Thiam, Prime minister (1981–1983) ::*Moustapha Niasse, Acting Prime minister (1983) ::*Habib Thiam, Prime minister (1991–1998) ::*Mamadou Lamine Loum, Prime minister (1998–2000) ::*Moustapha Niasse, Prime minister (2000–2001) ''Sierra Leone'' *Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate ( complete list) – :''British colony and protectorate, 1808–1961'' :''For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Sierra Leone (1961–1971), Sierra Leone (Commonwealth realm) :*Queen of Sierra Leone, Monarch (List of heads of state of Sierra Leone, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1961–1971) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Sierra Leone, complete list) – ::*Milton Margai, Prime minister (1961–1964) ::*Albert Margai, Prime minister (1964–1967) ::*Siaka Stevens, Prime minister (1967) ::*David Lansana, Prime minister (1967) ::*Ambrose Patrick Genda, Prime minister (1967) ::*Andrew Juxon Smith, Prime minister (1967–1968) ::*Patrick Conteh, Prime minister (1968–1968) ::*Siaka Stevens, Prime minister (1968–1971) *Republic of Sierra Leone :*Presidents (List of heads of state of Sierra Leone, complete list) – ::''First Republic'' ::*Christopher Okoro Cole, Acting President (1971) ::*Siaka Stevens, President (1971–1985) ::*Joseph Saidu Momoh, President (1985–1992) :*Prime Ministers of the First Republic (prime minister of Sierra Leone, complete list) – ::*Siaka Stevens, Prime minister (1968–1971) ::*Sorie Ibrahim Koroma, Prime minister (1971–1975) ::*Christian Alusine Kamara-Taylor, Prime minister (1975–1978) ::''Military regime'' ::*Yahya Kanu, Military Head of State (1992) ::*Valentine Strasser, Military Head of State (1992–1996) ::*Julius Maada Bio, Military Head of State (1996) ::''Second Republic'' ::*Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President (1996–1997) ::*Johnny Paul Koroma, Military Head of State (1997–1998) ::*Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President (1998–2007) ''Togo'' *British Togoland ( complete list) – :''United Nations Trust Territory, 1946–1956'' :''For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *French Togoland ( complete list) – :''United Nations Trust Territory, 1946–1960'' :''For details see France under western Europe'' *Togolese Republic :*Presidents (List of presidents of Togo, complete list) – ::*Sylvanus Olympio, President (1960–1963) ::*Emmanuel Bodjollé, Acting President (1963) ::*Nicolas Grunitzky, President (1963–1967) ::*Kléber Dadjo, Acting President (1967) ::*Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President (1967–2005) :*Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Togo, complete list) – ::*Sylvanus Olympio, Prime minister (1960–1961) ::*Joseph Kokou Koffigoh, Prime minister (1991–1994) ::*Edem Kodjo, Prime minister (1994–1996) ::*Kwassi Klutse, Prime minister (1996–1999) ::*Eugene Koffi Adoboli, Prime minister (1999–2000) ::*Agbéyomé Kodjo, Prime minister (2000–2002)

Americas

Americas: Caribbean

''Anguilla'' *Republic of Anguilla – :*Peter Adams (British governor), Peter Adams, Council Chairman (1967) :*Ronald Webster, Council Chairman (1967–1969) ''Antigua and Barbuda'' *List of colonial governors and administrators of Antigua, Colonial Antigua ( complete list) – :''British colony, 1632–1981'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Antigua and Barbuda :*Monarchs (Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1981–2022) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda, complete list) – ::*Vere Bird, Prime minister (1981–1994) ::*Lester Bird, Prime minister (1994–2004) ''The Bahamas'' *List of governors of the Bahamas, Colony of the Bahamas ( complete list) – :''British colony, 1648–1973'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *The Bahamas :*Monarchs (Monarchy of the Bahamas, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1973–2022) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of the Bahamas, complete list) – ::*Lynden Pindling, Prime minister (1973–1992) ::*Hubert Ingraham, Prime minister (1992–2002) ''Barbados'' *History of Barbados, Colonial Barbados ( complete list) – :''British colony, 1625–1966'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Barbados :*Monarchs (Monarchy of Barbados, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1966–2021) :*Prime Minister of Barbados, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Barbados, complete list) – ::*Errol Barrow, Prime minister (1966–1976) ::*Tom Adams (Barbadian politician), Tom Adams, Prime minister (1976–1985) ::*Harold Bernard St. John, Prime minister (1985–1986) ::*Errol Barrow, Prime minister (1986–1987) ::*Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, Prime minister (1987–1994) ::*Owen Arthur, Prime minister (1994–2008) ''Cuba'' *Republic of Cuba (1902–1959) :*President of Cuba, Presidents (List of presidents of Cuba, complete list) – ::*Carlos Prío Socarrás, President (1948–1952) ::*Fulgencio Batista, President (1952–1959) ::*Anselmo Alliegro y Milá, Interim President (1959) ::*Carlos Manuel Piedra, Interim President (1959) :*Prime Minister of Cuba, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Cuba, complete list) – ::*Félix Lancís Sánchez, Prime minister (1950–1951) ::*Óscar Gans, Prime minister (1951–1952) ::*Fulgencio Batista, Prime minister (1952) ::*Jorge García Montes, Prime minister (1955–1957) ::*Andrés Rivero Agüero, Prime minister (1957–1958) ::*Emilio Núñez Portuondo, Prime minister (1958) ::*Gonzalo Güell, Prime minister (1958–1959) ::*José Miró Cardona, Prime minister (1959) *Republic of Cuba :*President of Cuba, Presidents (List of presidents of Cuba, complete list) – ::*Manuel Urrutia Lleó, President (1959) ::*Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, President (1959–1976) ::*Fidel Castro, President (1976–2008) :*Prime Minister of Cuba, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Cuba, complete list) – ::*Fidel Castro, Prime minister (1959–1976), President of the Council of Ministers (1976–2008) ''Dominica'' *History of Dominica, British Dominica ( complete list) – :''British Colony, 1763–1978'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Dominica :*Presidents (List of presidents of Dominica, complete list) – ::*Louis Cools-Lartigue, Interim President (1978–1979, 1979) ::*Fred Degazon, President (1979–1980) ::*Jenner Armour, Acting President (1979–1980) ::*Aurelius Marie, President (1980–1983) ::*Clarence Seignoret, President (1983–1993) ::*Crispin Sorhaindo, President (1993–1998) ::*Vernon Shaw, President (1998–2003) :*Prime Minister of Dominica, Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Dominica, complete list) – ::*Patrick John, Prime minister (1978–1979) ::*Oliver Seraphin, Prime minister (1979–1980) ::*Eugenia Charles, Prime minister (1980–1995) ::*Edison James, Prime minister (1995–2000) ::*Rosie Douglas, Prime minister (2000) ::*Pierre Charles (Dominican politician), Pierre Charles, Prime minister (2000–2004) ''Dominican Republic'' *Third Republic (Dominican Republic), Third Dominican Republic (List of presidents of the Dominican Republic, complete list) – :*Rafael Trujillo, President (1942–1952) :*Héctor Trujillo, President (1952–1960) :*Joaquín Balaguer, President (1960–1962) ::*Armando Óscar Pacheco, Luis Amiama Tió, Antonio Imbert Barrera, Enrique Valdez Vidaurre, Wilfredo Medina Natalio, Huberto Bogaert, Civic-Military Council (1962) :*Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly, President (1962–1963) :*Juan Bosch (politician), Juan Bosch, President (1963) :*Víctor Elby Viñas Román, Chairman of the Provisional Junta (1963) ::*Emilio de los Santos y Salcié, Donald Reid Cabral, Manuel Enrique Tavares Espaillat, Ramón Tapia Espinal, Triumvirate (1963–1965) ::*Vinicio Fernández Pérez, Giovanni Gutiérrez Ramírez, Francisco Alberto Caamaño Deñó, Eladio Ramírez Sánchez, Pedro Bartolomé Benoit, Revolutionary Committee (1965) *Fourth Dominican Republic (List of presidents of the Dominican Republic, complete list) – :*José Rafael Molina Ureña, Provisional President (1965) :*Pedro Bartolomé Benoit, Provisional President (1965) :*Antonio Imbert Barrera, President (1965) :*Héctor García-Godoy, Provisional President (1965–1966) :*Joaquín Balaguer, President (1966–1978) :*Antonio Guzmán Fernández, President (1978–1982) :*Jacobo Majluta Azar, President (1982) :*Salvador Jorge Blanco, President (1982–1986) :*Joaquín Balaguer, President (1986–1996) :*Leonel Fernández, President (1996–2000) :*Hipólito Mejía, President (2000–2004) ''Grenada'' *Grenada :*Monarchs (Monarchy of Grenada, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1974–2022) :*Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Grenada, complete list) – ::*Eric Gairy, Prime minister (1974–1979) ::*Maurice Bishop, ''de facto'' Prime minister (1979–1983) ::*Bernard Coard, ''de facto'' Prime minister (1983) ::*Hudson Austin, ''de facto'' Prime minister (1983) ::*Nicholas Brathwaite, ''de facto'' Prime minister (1983–1984) ::*Herbert Blaize, Prime minister (1984–1989) ::*Ben Jones (Grenada), Prime minister (1989–1990) ::*Nicholas Brathwaite, Prime minister (1990–1995) ::*George Brizan, Prime minister (1995) ::*Keith Mitchell, Prime minister (1995–2008) ''Haiti'' *Republic of Haiti (1859–1957), Second Haitian Republic :*President of Haiti, Heads of state (List of heads of state of Haiti, complete list) – ::*Paul Magloire, President (1950–1956) ::*Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis, Provisional President (1956–1957) ::*Franck Sylvain, Provisional President (1957) ::*''Executive Government Council'' (1957) ::*Daniel Fignolé, Provisional President (1957) ::*Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau, Chairman of the Military Council (1957) *Duvalier dynasty, Haiti :*President of Haiti, Heads of state (List of heads of state of Haiti, complete list) – ::*François Duvalier, President (1957–1964), President for Life (1964–1971) ::*Jean-Claude Duvalier, President for Life (1971–1986) *Haiti, Third Haitian Republic :*President of Haiti, Heads of state (List of heads of state of Haiti, complete list) – ::*Henri Namphy, President of the National Council of Government (Haiti), National Council of Government (1986–1988) ::*Leslie Manigat, President (1988) ::*Henri Namphy, President (1988) ::*Prosper Avril, President (1988–1990) ::*Hérard Abraham, Acting President (1990) ::*Ertha Pascal-Trouillot, Provisional President (1990–1991) ::*Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President (1991) ::*Raoul Cédras, Acting President (1991) ::*Joseph Nérette, Provisional President (1991–1992) ::*Marc Bazin, Acting President (1992–1993) ::*Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President (1993–1994) ::*Émile Jonassaint, Provisional President (1994) ::*Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President (1994–1996) ::*René Préval, President (1996–2001) :*Prime Minister of Haiti, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Haiti, complete list) – ::*Martial Célestin, Prime minister (1988) ::*René Préval, Prime minister (1991) ::*Jean-Jacques Honorat, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Marc Bazin, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Robert Malval, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Smarck Michel, Prime minister (1994–1995) ::*Claudette Werleigh, Prime minister (1995–1996) ::*Rosny Smarth, Prime minister (1996–1997) ::*Jacques-Édouard Alexis, Prime minister (1999–2001) ''Jamaica'' *Jamaica :*Monarchs (Monarchy of Jamaica, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1962–2022) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Jamaica, complete list) – ::*Alexander Bustamante, Prime minister (1962–1967) ::*Donald Sangster, Prime minister (1967) ::*Hugh Shearer, Prime minister (1967–1972) ::*Michael Manley, Prime minister (1972–1980) ::*Edward Seaga, Prime minister (1980–1989) ::*Michael Manley, Prime minister (1989–1992) ::*P. J. Patterson, Prime minister (1992–2006) ''Saint Kitts and Nevis'' *Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla ( complete list) – :''British colony, 1882–1983'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Saint Kitts and Nevis :*Monarchs (Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1983–2022) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis, complete list) – ::*Kennedy Simmonds, Prime minister (1983–1995) ::*Denzil Douglas, Prime minister (1995–2015) ''Saint Lucia'' *List of colonial governors and administrators of Saint Lucia, Colonial Saint Lucia ( complete list) – :''British colony, 1802–1979'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Saint Lucia :*Monarchs (Monarchy of Saint Lucia, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1979–2022) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Saint Lucia, complete list) – ::*John Compton, Prime minister (1979) ::*Allan Louisy, Prime minister (1979–1981) ::*Winston Cenac, Prime minister (1981–1982) ::*Michael Pilgrim, Acting Prime minister (1982) ::*John Compton, Prime minister (1982–1996) ::*Vaughan Lewis, Prime minister (1996–1997) ::*Kenny Anthony, Prime minister (1997–2006) ''Saint Vincent and the Grenadines'' *History of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Colonial Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ( complete list) – :''British Colony, 1763–1979'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Saint Vincent and the Grenadines :*Monarchs (Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1979–2022) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, complete list) – ::*Milton Cato, Prime minister (1979–1984) ::*James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime minister (1984–2000) ::*Arnhim Eustace, Prime minister (2000–2001) ''Trinidad and Tobago'' *History of Trinidad and Tobago#British period, Colonial Trinidad and Tobago ( complete list) – :''British colony, 1797–1962'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Dominion of Trinidad and Tobago :*Queen of Trinidad and Tobago, Monarchs (List of heads of state of Trinidad and Tobago, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1962–1976) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, complete list) – ::*Eric Williams, Prime minister (1962–1981) *Republic of Trinidad and Tobago :*President of Trinidad and Tobago, Presidents (List of heads of state of Trinidad and Tobago, complete list) – ::*Ellis Clarke, President (1976–1987) ::*Michael J. Williams (politician), Michael J. Williams, Acting President (1987) ::*Noor Hassanali, President (1987–1997) ::*A. N. R. Robinson, President (1997–2003) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, complete list) – ::*Eric Williams, Prime minister (1962–1981) ::*George Chambers, Prime minister (1981–1986) ::*A. N. R. Robinson, Prime minister (1986–1991) ::*Patrick Manning, Prime minister (1991–1995) ::*Basdeo Panday, Prime minister (1995–2001)

Americas: Central

''Belize'' *British Honduras/ Colonial Belize ( complete list) – :''British colony, 1862–1981'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Belize :*Monarchs (Monarchy of Belize, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1981–2022) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Belize, complete list) – ::*George Cadle Price, Prime minister (1981–1984) ::*Manuel Esquivel, Prime minister (1984–1989) ::*George Cadle Price, Prime minister (1989–1993) ::*Manuel Esquivel, Prime minister (1993–1998) ::*Said Musa, Prime minister (1998–2008) ''Costa Rica'' *Republic of Costa Rica (List of presidents of Costa Rica, complete list) – :*Otilio Ulate Blanco, President (1949–1953) :*José Figueres Ferrer, President (1953–1958) :*Mario Echandi Jiménez, President (1958–1962) :*Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich, President (1962–1966) :*José Joaquín Trejos Fernández, José Trejos Fernández, President (1966–1970) :*José Figueres Ferrer, President (1970–1974) :*Daniel Oduber Quirós, President (1974–1978) :*Rodrigo Carazo Odio, President (1978–1982) :*Luis Alberto Monge, Luis Monge Álvarez, President (1982–1986) :*Óscar Arias, President (1986–1990) :*Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier, Rafael Calderón Fournier, President (1990–1994) :*José María Figueres, José Figueres Olsen, President (1994–1998) :*Miguel Ángel Rodríguez, Miguel Rodríguez Echeverría, President (1998–2002) ''El Salvador'' *El Salvador (President of El Salvador, complete list) – :*Óscar Osorio, President (1950–1956) :*José María Lemus, President (1956–1960) :*Junta of Government, (1960–1961) :*Civic-Military Directory, (1961–1962) :*Eusebio Rodolfo Cordón Cea, Provisional President (1962) :*Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo, President (1962–1967) :*Fidel Sánchez Hernández, President (1967–1972) :*Arturo Armando Molina, President (1972–1977) :*Carlos Humberto Romero, President (1977–1979) *Revolutionary Government Junta of El Salvador – :*First Junta: Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez, Mario Antonio Andino, Román Mayorga Quirós, Guillermo Ungo, Adolfo Arnoldo Majano (1979–1980) :*Second Junta: Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez, José Ramón Ávalos Navarrete, Adolfo Arnoldo Majano, Héctor Dada Hirezi, José Antonio Morales Ehrlich (1980) :*Third Junta: José Ramón Ávalos Navarrete, Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez, José Napoleón Duarte, José Antonio Morales Ehrlich (1980–1982) *El Salvador (President of El Salvador, complete list) – :*Álvaro Magaña, President (1982–1984) :*José Napoleón Duarte, President (1984–1989) :*Alfredo Cristiani, President (1989–1994) :*Armando Calderón Sol, President (1994–1999) :*Francisco Flores Pérez, President (1999–2004) ''Guatemala'' *Guatemala (President of Guatemala, complete list) – :*Juan José Arévalo, President (1945–1951) :*Jacobo Árbenz, President (1951–1954) :*Carlos Enrique Díaz de León, Provisional President (1954) :*Elfego Hernán Monzón Aguirre, Chairman of Military Junta (1954) :*Carlos Castillo Armas, President (1954–1957) :*Luis Arturo González López, Acting President (1957) :*Óscar Mendoza Azurdia, Chairman of Military Junta (1957) :*Guillermo Flores Avendaño, Acting President (1957–1958) :*Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes, President (1958–1963) :*Enrique Peralta Azurdia, President (1963–1966) :*Julio César Méndez Montenegro, President (1966–1970) :*Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio, President (1970–1974) :*Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García, President (1974–1978) :*Fernando Romeo Lucas García, President (1978–1982) :*Efraín Ríos Montt, President (1982–1983) :*Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores, President (1983–1986) :*Vinicio Cerezo, President (1986–1991) :*Jorge Serrano Elías, President (1991–1993) :*Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero, President (1993) :*Ramiro de León Carpio, President (1993–1996) :*Álvaro Arzú, President (1996–2000) :*Alfonso Portillo, President (2000–2004) ''Honduras'' *Honduras (List of presidents of Honduras, complete list) – :*Juan Manuel Gálvez, President (1949–1954) :*Julio Lozano Díaz, President (1954–1956) :*Military Government Council, President (1956–1957) :*Ramón Villeda Morales, President (1957–1963) :*Oswaldo López Arellano, President (1963–1971) :*Ramón Ernesto Cruz Uclés, President (1971–1972) :*Oswaldo López Arellano, President (1972–1975) :*Juan Alberto Melgar Castro, President (1975–1978) :*Policarpo Paz García, Provisional President (1978–1982) :*Roberto Suazo Córdova, President (1982–1986) :*José Azcona del Hoyo, President (1986–1990) :*Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero, President (1990–1994) :*Carlos Roberto Reina, President (1994–1998) :*Carlos Roberto Flores, President (1998–2002) ''Nicaragua'' *Nicaragua (President of Nicaragua, complete list) – :*Anastasio Somoza García, President (1950–1956) :*Luis Somoza Debayle, President (1956–1963) :*René Schick, President (1963–1966) :*Orlando Montenegro Medrano, Acting President (1966) :*Lorenzo Guerrero, President (1966–1967) :*Anastasio Somoza Debayle, President (1967–1972) :*Liberal-Conservative Junta, President (1972–1974) :*Anastasio Somoza Debayle, President (1974–1979) :*Francisco Urcuyo, Acting President (1979) :*Junta of National Reconstruction: Daniel Ortega, Coordinator (1979–1985) :*Daniel Ortega, President (1985–1990) :*Violeta Chamorro, President (1990–1997) :*Arnoldo Alemán, President (1997–2002) ''Panama'' *Panama :*Presidents (List of heads of state of Panama, complete list) – ::*Arnulfo Arias, President (1949–1951) ::*Alcibíades Arosemena, President (1951–1952) ::*José Antonio Remón Cantera, President (1952–1955) ::*José Ramón Guizado, President (1955) ::*Ricardo Arias (politician), Ricardo Arias, President (1955–1956) ::*Ernesto de la Guardia, President (1956–1960) ::*Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón, President (1960–1964) ::*Marco Aurelio Robles, President (1964–1968) ::*Arnulfo Arias, President (1968) ::*José María Pinilla Fábrega, Bolívar Urrutia Parrilla, Military junta/ Presidents (1968–1969) ::*Demetrio B. Lakas, President (1969–1978) ::*Aristides Royo, President (1978–1982) ::*Ricardo de la Espriella, President (1982–1984) ::*Jorge Illueca, President (1984) ::*Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino, President (1984–1985) ::*Eric Arturo Delvalle, Acting President (1985–1988) ::*Manuel Solís Palma, Acting President (1988–1989) ::*Francisco Rodríguez (President of Panama), Francisco Rodríguez, Provisional President (1989) ::*Guillermo Endara, President (1989–1994) ::*Ernesto Pérez Balladares, President (1994–1999) ::*Mireya Moscoso, President (1999–2004) :*Military leaders: ''de facto'' Heads of state (List of heads of state of Panama#Military (de facto) leaders of Panama (1968–1989), 1968–1989) ::*Omar Torrijos, Military Leader (1968–1981) ::*Florencio Flores Aguilar, Military Leader (1981–1982) ::*Rubén Darío Paredes, Military Leader (1982–1983) ::*Manuel Noriega, Military Leader (1983–1989)

Americas: North

''Canada'' *Canada :*Monarchy of Canada, Monarchs (List of Canadian monarchs, complete list) – ::*George VI, King (1936–1952) ::*

, Queen (1952–) :*Prime Minister of Canada, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Canada, complete list) – ::*Louis St. Laurent, Prime minister (1948–1957) ::*John Diefenbaker, Prime minister (1957–1963) ::*Lester B. Pearson, Prime minister (1963–1968) ::*Pierre Trudeau, Prime minister (1968–1979) ::*Joe Clark, Prime minister (1979–1980) ::*Pierre Trudeau, Prime minister (1980–1984) ::*John Turner, Prime minister (1984) ::*Brian Mulroney, Prime minister (1984–1993) ::*Kim Campbell, Prime minister (1993) ::*Jean Chrétien, Prime minister (1993–2003) ''Mexico'' *Mexico (List of heads of state of Mexico, complete list) – :*Miguel Alemán Valdés, President (1946–1952) :*Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, President (1952–1958) :*Adolfo López Mateos, President (1958–1964) :*Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, President (1964–1970) :*Luis Echeverría, President (1970–1976) :*José López Portillo, President (1976–1982) :*Miguel de la Madrid, President (1982–1988) :*Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President (1988–1994) :*Ernesto Zedillo, President (1994–2000) :*Vicente Fox, President (2000–2006) ''United States'' *United States (List of presidents of the United States, complete list) – :*Harry S. Truman, President (1945–1953) :*Dwight D. Eisenhower, President (1953–1961) :*John F. Kennedy, President (1961–1963) :*Lyndon B. Johnson, President (1963–1969) :*Richard Nixon, President (1969–1974) :*Gerald Ford, President (1974–1977) :*Jimmy Carter, President (1977–1981) :*Ronald Reagan, President (1981–1989) :*George H. W. Bush, President (1989–1993) :*Bill Clinton, President (1993–2001)

Americas: South

''Argentina'' *Argentina (List of heads of state of Argentina, complete list) – :*Juan Perón, President (1946–1955) :*Eduardo Lonardi, ''de facto'' President (1955) :*Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, ''de facto'' President (1955–1958) :*Arturo Frondizi, President (1958–1962) :*José María Guido, Interim President (1962–1963) :*Arturo Umberto Illia, President (1963–1966) :*Military Junta, (1966) :*Juan Carlos Onganía, ''de facto'' President (1966–1970) :*Military Junta, (1970) :*Roberto M. Levingston, ''de facto'' President (1970–1971) :*Alejandro A. Lanusse, ''de facto'' President (1971–1973) :*Héctor José Cámpora, President (1973) :*Raúl Alberto Lastiri, Interim President (1973) :*Juan Perón, President (1973–1974) :*Isabel Perón, President (1974–1976) :*Jorge Rafael Videla, President of the Military Junta (1976–1981) :*Roberto Eduardo Viola, President of the Military Junta (1981) :*Horacio Tomás Liendo, ''de facto'' Acting President (1981) :*Carlos Alberto Lacoste, ''de facto'' Interim President (1981) :*Leopoldo Galtieri, ''de facto'' President of the Military Junta (1981–1982) :*Alfredo Oscar Saint-Jean, ''de facto'' Interim President (1982) :*Reynaldo Bignone, ''de facto'' President (1982–1983) :*Raúl Alfonsín, President (1983–1989) :*Carlos Menem, President (1989–1999) :*Fernando de la Rúa, President (1999–2001) ''Bolivia'' *Bolivia (President of Bolivia, complete list) – :*Mamerto Urriolagoitía, President (1949–1951) :*Hugo Ballivián, Chairman of the Military Junta (1951–1952) :*Hernán Siles Zuazo, Provisional President (1952) :*Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President (1952–1956) :*Hernán Siles Zuazo, President (1956–1960) :*Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President (1960–1964) :*René Barrientos, Chairman of the Military Junta (1964–1965) :*René Barrientos and Alfredo Ovando Candía, Co-Chairmen of the Military Junta (1965–1966) :*Alfredo Ovando Candía, Chairman of the Military Junta (1966) :*René Barrientos, President (1966–1969) :*Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas, President (1969) :*Alfredo Ovando Candía, President (1969–1970) :*Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1970 (Bolivia), Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1970, Members: Efraín Guachalla Ibáñez, Fernando Sattori Ribera, Alberto Albarracín Crespo (1970) :*Juan José Torres, President (1970–1971) :*Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1971 (Bolivia), Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1971, Members: Andrés Selich Chop (Chairmen), Hugo Banzer, Jaime Florentino Mendieta (1971) :*Hugo Banzer, President (1971–1978) :*Víctor González Fuentes, Chairman of the Military Junta (1978) :*Juan Pereda, President (1978) :*David Padilla, Chairman of the Military Junta (1978–1979) :*Wálter Guevara, Acting President (1979) :*Alberto Natusch, President (1979) :*Lidia Gueiler Tejada, Acting President (1979–1980) :*Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1980 (Bolivia), Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1980, Members: Luis García Meza Tejada, Waldo Bernal Pereira, Ramiro Terrazas Rodríguez (1980) :*Luis García Meza Tejada, President (1980–1981) :*Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1981 (Bolivia), Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1981, Members: Waldo Bernal Pereira, Celso Torrelio, Óscar Jaime Pammo (1981) :*Celso Torrelio, President (1981–1982) :*Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1982 (Bolivia), Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1982, Members: Natalio Morales Mosquera, Óscar Jaime Pammo, Ángel Mariscal Gómez (1982) :*Guido Vildoso, President (1982) :*Hernán Siles Zuazo, President (1982–1985) :*Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President (1985–1989) :*Jaime Paz Zamora, President (1989–1993) :*Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, President (1993–1997) :*Hugo Banzer, President (1997–2001) ''Brazil'' *Second Brazilian Republic (List of presidents of Brazil, complete list) – :*Eurico Gaspar Dutra, President (1946–1951) :*Getúlio Vargas, President (1951–1954) :*Café Filho, President (1954–1955) :*Carlos Luz, President (1955) :*Nereu Ramos, President (1955–1956) :*Juscelino Kubitschek, President (1956–1961) :*Jânio Quadros, President (1961) :*Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli, Ranieri Mazzilli, President (1961) :*João Goulart, President (1961–1964) *Brazilian military government, Brazilian Military regime (List of presidents of Brazil, complete list) – :*Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli, Ranieri Mazzilli, President (1964) :*Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, Humberto Castello Branco, President (1964–1967) :*Artur da Costa e Silva, President (1967–1969) :*Brazilian Military Junta of 1969, Military Junta: Augusto Hamann Rademaker Grünewald, Augusto Rademaker, Aurélio de Lira Tavares, Márcio Melo, President (1969) :*Emílio Garrastazu Médici, President (1969–1974) :*Ernesto Geisel, President (1974–1979) :*João Figueiredo, President (1979–1985) *Federative Republic of Brazil (List of presidents of Brazil, complete list) – :*Tancredo Neves, President (1985) :*José Sarney, President (1985–1990) :*Fernando Collor de Mello, President (1990–1992) :*Itamar Franco, President (1992–1994) :*Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President (1995–2002) ''Chile'' *Presidential Republic (1925–1973) of Chile (List of presidents of Chile, complete list) – :*Gabriel González Videla, President (1946–1952) :*Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, President (1952–1958) :*Jorge Alessandri, President (1958–1964) :*Eduardo Frei Montalva, President (1964–1970) :*Salvador Allende, President (1970–1973) *Military Dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990) (List of presidents of Chile, complete list) – :*Augusto Pinochet, President of the Junta (1974–1981), President (1974–1990) :*Jose Toribio Merino, President of the Junta (1981–1990) *Republic of Chile (List of presidents of Chile, complete list) – :*Patricio Aylwin, President (1990–1994) :*Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, President (1994–2000) :*Ricardo Lagos, President (2000–2006) ''Colombia'' *Colombia (List of presidents of Colombia, complete list) – :*Laureano Gómez Castro, President (1950–1953) :*Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, President (1953–1957) :*Colombian Military Junta, Military Junta (1957–1958) :*Alberto Lleras Camargo, President (1958–1962) :*Guillermo León Valencia, President (1962–1966) :*Carlos Lleras Restrepo, President (1966–1970) :*Misael Pastrana Borrero, President (1970–1974) :*Alfonso López Michelsen, President (1974–1978) :*Julio César Turbay Ayala, President (1978–1982) :*Belisario Betancur Cuartas, President (1982–1986) :*Virgilio Barco Vargas, President (1986–1990) :*César Gaviria Trujillo, President (1990–1994) :*Ernesto Samper Pizano, President (1994–1998) :*Andrés Pastrana Arango, President (1998–2002) ''Ecuador'' *Ecuador (List of heads of state of Ecuador, complete list) – :*Galo Plaza, President (1948–1952) :*José María Velasco Ibarra, President (1952–1956) :*Camilo Ponce Enríquez (politician), Camilo Ponce Enríquez, President (1956–1960) :*José María Velasco Ibarra, President (1960–1961) :*Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy, C.J. Arosemena Monroy, President (1961–1963) :*Military Junta, Members: Ramón Castro Jijón, Luis Cabrera Sevilla, Guillermo Freile Posso, Marcos Gándara (1963–1966) :*Clemente Yerovi, Acting President (1966) :*Otto Arosemena, Interim President (1966–1967), Constitutional President (1967–1968) :*José María Velasco Ibarra, President (1968–1970), Jéfe Supremo (1970–1972) :*Guillermo Rodríguez (politician), Guillermo Rodríguez Lara, ''de facto'' President (1972–1976) :*Supreme Government Council, Alfredo Poveda, Guillermo Durán, Luis Leoro Franco (1976–1979) :*Jaime Roldós Aguilera, President (1979–1981) :*Osvaldo Hurtado, President (1981–1984) :*León Febres Cordero, President (1984–1988) :*Rodrigo Borja Cevallos, President (1988–1992) :*Sixto Durán Ballén, President (1992–1996) :*Abdalá Bucaram, President (1996–1997) :*Fabián Alarcón, Interim President (1997) :*Rosalía Arteaga, Acting President (1997) :*Fabián Alarcón, Interim President (1997–1998) :*Jamil Mahuad, President (1998–2000) :*Gustavo Noboa, President (2000–2003) ''Guyana'' *British Guiana ( complete list) – :''British colony, 1814–1966'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Guyana (1966–1970) :*Queen of Guyana, Monarch (List of heads of state of Guyana, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1966–1970) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Guyana, complete list) – ::*Forbes Burnham, Prime minister (1964–1980) *Co-operative Republic of Guyana :*President of Guyana, Presidents (List of heads of state of Guyana, complete list) – ::*Edward Luckhoo, Acting President (1970) ::*Arthur Chung, President (1970–1980) ::*Forbes Burnham, President (1980–1985) ::*Desmond Hoyte, President (1985–1992) ::*Cheddi Jagan, President (1992–1997) ::*Sam Hinds, President (1997) ::*Janet Jagan, President (1997–1999) ::*Bharrat Jagdeo, President (1999–2011) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Guyana, complete list) – ::*Forbes Burnham, Prime minister (1964–1980) ::*Ptolemy Reid, Prime minister (1980–1984) ::*Desmond Hoyte, Prime minister (1984–1985) ::*Hamilton Green, Prime minister (1985–1992) ::*Sam Hinds, Prime minister (1992–1997) ::*Janet Jagan, Prime minister (1997) ::*Sam Hinds, Prime minister (1997–1999) ::*Bharrat Jagdeo, Prime minister (1999) ::*Sam Hinds, Prime minister (1999–2015) ''Netherlands'' *Curaçao and Dependencies (List of monarchs of the Netherlands, complete list) – :''Dutch colony 1634–1828, 1845–1954'' :''For details see the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands under western Europe'' *Netherlands Antilles (List of monarchs of the Netherlands, complete list) – :''Kingdom of the Netherlands#Constituent countries, Constituent country 1954–2010'' :''For details see the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands under western Europe'' ''Saint Kitts and Nevis'' *Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla ( complete list) – :''British colony, 1882–1983'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' ''Paraguay'' *History of Paraguay, Republic of Paraguay (President of Paraguay, complete list) – :*Federico Chávez, President (1949–1954) :*Tomás Romero Pereira, Tomás Romero, President (1954) *El Stronato: Paraguay (President of Paraguay, complete list) – :*Alfredo Stroessner, President (1954–1989) *Republic of Paraguay (President of Paraguay, complete list) – :*Andrés Rodríguez (politician), Andrés Rodríguez, President (1989–1993) :*Juan Carlos Wasmosy, President (1993–1998) :*Raúl Cubas Grau, Raúl Cubas, President (1998–1999) :*Luis Ángel González Macchi, Luis González, President (1999–2003) ''Peru'' *History of Peru#Alternation between democracy and militarism (1930–1979), Republic of Peru (List of presidents of Peru, complete list) – :*Manuel A. Odría, Constitutional President (1950–1956) :*Manuel Prado y Ugarteche, Constitutional President (1956–1962) :*Ricardo Pérez Godoy, President of the Military Junta (1962–1963) :*Nicolás Lindley López, President of the Military Junta (1963) :*Fernando Belaúnde Terry, Constitutional President (1963–1968) *Peruvian Military Junta, Military Junta of Peru – :*Juan Velasco Alvarado, President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces (1968–1975) :*Francisco Morales Bermúdez, President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces (1975–1980) *Republic of Peru (List of presidents of Peru, complete list) – :*Fernando Belaúnde Terry, Constitutional President (1980–1985) :*Alan García Pérez, Constitutional President (1985–1990) :*Alberto Fujimori, Constitutional President (1990–1992), ''de facto'' President (1992–1995), Constitutional President (1995–2000) :*Valentín Paniagua, President of Transition Government (2000–2001) ''Suriname'' *Surinam (Dutch colony), Dutch Surinam (List of monarchs of the Netherlands, complete list) – :''Dutch colony 1667–1954'' :''For details see the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands under western Europe'' *Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands) (List of monarchs of the Netherlands, complete list) – :''Kingdom of the Netherlands#Constituent countries, Constituent country 1954–1975'' :''For details see the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands under western Europe'' :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Suriname, complete list) – ::*Archibald Currie (Surinamese politician), Archibald Currie, Prime minister (1954–1955) ::*Johan Ferrier, Prime minister (1955–1958) ::*Severinus Desiré Emanuels, Prime minister (1958–1963) ::*Johan Adolf Pengel, Prime minister (1963–1969) ::*Arthur Johan May, Acting Prime minister (1969) ::*Jules Sedney, Prime minister (1969–1973) ::*Henck Arron, Prime minister (1973–1980) *Republic of Suriname :*Presidents (President of Suriname, complete list) – ::*Johan Ferrier, President (1973–1980) ::*Henk Chin A Sen, President (1980–1982) ::*Fred Ramdat Misier, President (1982–1988) ::*Ramsewak Shankar, President (1988–1990) ::*Ivan Graanoogst , Acting President (1990) ::*Johan Kraag, President (1990–1991) ::*Ronald Venetiaan, President (1991–1996) ::*Jules Wijdenbosch, President (1996–2000) ::*Ronald Venetiaan, President (2000–2010) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Suriname, complete list) – ::*Henck Arron, Prime minister (1975–1980) ::*Henk Chin A Sen, Prime minister (1980–1982) ::*Henry Neijhorst, Henry Roëll Neijhorst, Prime minister (1982) ::*Errol Alibux, Liakat Ali Errol Alibux, Prime minister (1983–1984) ::*Wim Udenhout, Willem Alfred Udenhout, Prime minister (1984–1986) ::*Pretaap Radhakishun, Prime minister (1986–1987) ::*Jules Wijdenbosch, Prime minister (1987–1988) ''Uruguay'' *History of Uruguay#Collapse of the Uruguayan miracle, Uruguay (List of presidents of Uruguay, complete list) – :*Luis Batlle Berres, President (1947–1951) :*Andrés Martínez Trueba, President (1951–1955) :*Luis Batlle Berres, President (National Council of Government) (1955–1956) :*Alberto Fermín Zubiría, President (National Council of Government) (1956–1957) :*Arturo Lezama , President (National Council of Government) (1957–1958) :*Carlos Fischer, President (National Council of Government) (1958–1959) :*Martín Echegoyen, President (National Council of Government) (1959–1960) :*Benito Nardone, President (National Council of Government) (1960–1961) :*Eduardo Víctor Haedo, President (National Council of Government) (1961–1962) :*Faustino Harrison, President (National Council of Government) (1962–1963) :*Daniel Fernández Crespo, President (National Council of Government) (1963–1964) :*Luis Giannattasio, President (National Council of Government) (1964–1965) :*Washington Beltrán, President (National Council of Government) (1965–1966) :*Alberto Héber Usher, President (National Council of Government) (1966–1967) :*Óscar Diego Gestido, President (1967) :*Jorge Pacheco Areco, President (1967–1972) :*Juan María Bordaberry, President (1972–1976) *Civic-Military Dictatorship of Uruguay (List of presidents of Uruguay, complete list) – :*Juan María Bordaberry, President (1972–1976) :*Alberto Demicheli, Acting President (1976) :*Aparicio Méndez, Acting President (1976–1981) :*Gregorio Conrado Álvarez, Acting President (1981–1985) *Oriental Republic of Uruguay (List of presidents of Uruguay, complete list) – :*Rafael Addiego Bruno, Acting President (1985) :*Julio María Sanguinetti, President (1985–1990) :*Luis Alberto Lacalle, President (1990–1995) :*Julio María Sanguinetti, President (1995–2000) :*Jorge Batlle, President (2000–2005) ''Venezuela'' *United States of Venezuela (List of presidents of Venezuela, complete list) – :*Germán Suárez Flamerich, Interim President (1950–1952) :*Marcos Pérez Jiménez, Provisional President (1952–1953), President (1953–1958) *Republic of Venezuela (List of presidents of Venezuela, complete list) – :*Marcos Pérez Jiménez, Provisional President (1952–1953), President (1953–1958) :*Wolfgang Larrazábal, President (1958) :*Edgar Sanabria, Interim President (1958–1959) :*Rómulo Betancourt, President (1959–1964) :*Raúl Leoni, President (1964–1969) :*Rafael Caldera, President (1969–1974) :*Carlos Andrés Pérez, President (1974–1979) :*Luis Herrera Campins, President (1979–1984) :*Jaime Lusinchi, President (1984–1989) :*Carlos Andrés Pérez, President (1989–1993) :*Octavio Lepage, Acting President (1993) :*Ramón José Velásquez, Interim President (1993–1994) :*Rafael Caldera, President (1994–1999) *History of Venezuela (1999–present), Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (List of presidents of Venezuela, complete list) – :*Hugo Chávez, President (1999–2002, 2002–2013)

Asia

Asia: Central

*Kazakhstan :*President of Kazakhstan, Presidents (List of leaders of Kazakhstan, complete list) – ::*Nursultan Nazarbayev, President (1991–2019) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Kazakhstan, complete list) – ::*Sergey Tereshchenko, Prime minister (1991–1994) ::*Akezhan Kazhegeldin, Prime minister (1994–1997) ::*Nurlan Balgimbayev, Prime minister (1997–1999) ::*Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Prime minister (1999–2002) *Kyrgyzstan :*President of Kyrgyzstan, Presidents (President of Kyrgyzstan, complete list) – ::*Askar Akayev, President (1990–2005) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan, complete list) – ::*Nasirdin Isanov, Prime minister (1991) ::*Andrei Iordan, Acting Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Tursunbek Chyngyshev, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Almanbet Matubraimov, Acting Prime minister (1993) ::*Apas Jumagulov, Prime minister (1993–1998) ::*Kubanychbek Jumaliyev, Acting Prime minister (1998) ::*Boris Silayev, Acting Prime minister (1998) ::*Jumabek Ibraimov, Prime minister (1998–1999) ::*Boris Silayev, Acting Prime minister (1999) ::*Amangeldy Muraliyev, Prime minister (1999–2000) ::*Kurmanbek Bakiyev, Prime minister (2000–2002) *Tajikistan :*President of Tajikistan, Presidents (Leaders of Tajikistan, complete list) – ::*Qadriddin Aslonov, Acting President (1991) ::*Rahmon Nabiyev, President (1991) ::*Akbarsho Iskandrov, Acting President (1991) ::*Rahmon Nabiyev, President (1991–1992) ::*Akbarsho Iskandrov, Acting President (1992) ::*Emomali Rahmon, Chairman of the Supreme Assembly (1992–1994), President (1994–present) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Tajikistan, complete list) – ::*Izatullo Khayoyev, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Akbar Mirzoyev, Prime minister (1992) ::*Abdumalik Abdullajanov, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Abdujalil Samadov, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Jamshed Karimov, Prime minister (1994–1996) ::*Yahyo Azimov, Prime minister (1996–1999) ::*Oqil Oqilov, Prime minister (1999–2013) *Tibet (1912–1951) (List of Dalai Lamas, complete list) – :*Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama (1950–1959) *Turkmenistan :*President (President of Turkmenistan, complete list) – ::*Saparmurat Niyazov, President (1990–2006) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Turkmenistan, complete list) – ::*Han Ahmedow, Prime minister (1991–1992) *Uzbekistan :*President of Uzbekistan, Presidents (List of leaders of Uzbekistan, complete list) – ::*Islam Karimov, President (1991–2016) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Uzbekistan, complete list) – ::*Abdulhashim Mutalov, Prime minister (1992–1995) ::*Oʻtkir Sultonov, Prime minister (1995–2003)

Asia: East

*Taiwan, Republic of China: Taiwan :*President of the Republic of China, Presidents (List of presidents of the Republic of China, complete list) – ::*Chiang Kai-shek, President (1950–1975) ::*Yen Chia-kan, President (1975–1978) ::*Chiang Ching-kuo, President (1978–1988) ::*Lee Teng-hui, President (1988–2000) ::*Chen Shui-bian, President (2000–2008) :*Premiers (Premier of the Republic of China, complete list) – ::*Chen Cheng, Premier (1950–1954) ::*Yu Hung-Chun, Premier (1954–1958) ::*Chen Cheng, Premier (1958–1963) ::*Wang Yun-wu, Acting Premier (1963) ::*Chen Cheng, Premier (1963) ::*Yen Chia-kan, Premier (1963–1972) ::*Chiang Ching-kuo, Premier (1972–1978) ::*Hsu Ching-chung, Acting Premier (1978) ::*Sun Yun-suan, Premier (1978–1984) ::*Yu Kuo-hwa, Premier (1984–1989) ::*Lee Huan, Premier (1989–1990) ::*Hau Pei-tsun, Premier (1990–1993) ::*Lien Chan, Premier (1993–1997) ::*Vincent Siew, Premier (1997–2000) ::*Tang Fei, Premier (2000) ::*Chang Chun-hsiung, Premier (2000–2002) *People's Republic of China :*Chairman of the Communist Party of China, Chairmen and General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, General Secretaries of the Communist Party (List of general secretaries and chairmen of the Communist Party of China, complete list) and paramount leaders (Paramount leader, complete list) – ::*Mao Zedong, Chairman (1945–1976), Paramount Leader (1949–1976) ::*Hua Guofeng, Chairman (1976–1981), Paramount Leader (1976–1978) ::*Deng Xiaoping, Paramount Leader (1978–1989) ::*Hu Yaobang, Chairman (1981–1982), General Secretary (1982–1987) ::*Zhao Ziyang, General Secretary (1987–1989) ::*Jiang Zemin, General Secretary (1989–2002), Paramount Leader (1989–2002) :*President of the People's Republic of China, Heads of state (List of presidents of the People's Republic of China, complete list) – ::*Mao Zedong, Chairman (1949–1959) ::*Liu Shaoqi, President (1959–1968) ::*Soong Ching-ling, Acting President (1968–1972) ::*Dong Biwu, Acting President (1968–1975) ::*Zhu De, NPC Standing Committee Chairman (1975–1976) ::*Soong Ching-ling, Acting NPC Standing Committee Chairwoman (1976–1978) ::*Ye Jianying, NPC Standing Committee Chairman (1978–1983) ::*Li Xiannian, President (1983–1988) ::*Yang Shangkun, President (1988–1993) ::*Jiang Zemin, President (1993–2003) :*Premiers (List of premiers of the People's Republic of China, complete list) – ::*Zhou Enlai, Premier (1949–1976) ::*Hua Guofeng, Premier (1976–1980) ::*Zhao Ziyang, Premier (1980–1988) ::*Li Peng, Premier (1988–1998) ::*Zhu Rongji, Premier (1998–2003) *Japan :*Emperor of Japan, Emperors (List of Emperors of Japan, complete list) – ::*Hirohito, Emperor (1926–1989) ::*Akihito, Emperor (1989–2019) :*Prime Minister of Japan, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Japan, complete list) – ::*Ichirō Hatoyama, Prime minister (1954–1955) ::*Tanzan Ishibashi, Prime minister (1956–1957) ::*Nobusuke Kishi, Prime minister (1957–1958) ::*Hayato Ikeda, Prime minister (1960) ::*Eisaku Satō, Prime minister (1964–1967) ::*Kakuei Tanaka, Prime minister (1972) ::*Takeo Miki, Prime minister (1974–1976) ::*Takeo Fukuda, Prime minister (1976–1978) ::*Masayoshi Ōhira, Prime minister (1978–1979) ::*Masayoshi Ito, Acting Prime minister (1979) ::*Zenko Suzuki, Prime minister (1980–1982) ::*Yasuhiro Nakasone, Prime minister (1982–1983) ::*Noboru Takeshita, Prime minister (1987–1989) ::*Sōsuke Uno, Prime minister (1989) ::*Toshiki Kaifu, Prime minister (1989–1990) ::*Kiichi Miyazawa, Prime minister (1991–1993) ::*Morihiro Hosokawa, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Tsutomu Hata, Prime minister (1994) ::*Tomiichi Murayama, Prime minister (1994–1996) ::*Ryutaro Hashimoto, Prime minister (1996) ::*Keizō Obuchi, Prime minister (1998–2000) ::*Mikio Aoki, Acting Prime minister (2000) ::*Yoshirō Mori, Prime minister (2000–2001) *North Korea :*Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea, Chairman of the Workers' Party (List of heads of state of North Korea, complete list) – ::*Kim Il Sung, Chairman (1949–1966), General Secretary (1966–1994) ::*Kim Jong Il, General Secretary (1997–2011) :*Prime Minister of North Korea, Premiers (List of prime ministers of North Korea, complete list) – ::*Kim Il Sung, Premier (1949–1972) ::*Kim Il (politician), Kim Il, Premier (1972–1976) ::*Pak Song-chol, Premier (1976–1977) ::*Ri Jong-ok, Premier (1977–1984) ::*Kang Song-san, Premier (1984–1986) ::*Ri Kun-mo, Premier (1986–1988) ::*Yon Hyong-muk, Premier (1989–1992) ::*Kang Song-san, Premier (1992–1997) ::*Hong Song-nam, Premier (1997–2003) *South Korea :*President of South Korea, Presidents (List of presidents of South Korea, complete list) – ::*Syngman Rhee, President (1948–1960) ::*Yun Posun, President (1960–1962) ::*Park Chung Hee, Acting President (1962–1963), President (1963–1979) ::*Choi Kyu-hah, President (1979–1980) ::*Chun Doo-hwan, President (1980–1988) ::*Roh Tae-woo, President (1988–1993) ::*Kim Young-sam, President (1993–1998) ::*Kim Dae-jung, President (1998–2003) :*Prime Minister of South Korea, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of South Korea, complete list) – ::*Chang Myon, Prime minister (1950–1952) ::*Heo Jeong, Acting Prime minister (1952) ::*Yi Yun-yong, Acting Prime minister (1952) ::*Chang Taek-sang, Prime minister (1952) ::*Paik Too-chin, Acting Prime minister (1952–1953), Prime minister (1953–1954) ::*Pyon Yong-tae, Prime minister (1954) ::*Paek Han-song, Acting Prime minister (1954) ::*Ho Chong, Prime minister (1960) ::*Chang Myon, Prime minister (1960–1961) ::*Jang Do-young, Prime minister (1961) ::*Song Yo-chan, Prime minister (1961–1962) ::*Park Chung Hee, Prime minister (1962) ::*Kim Hyun-chul (politician), Kim Hyun-chul, Prime minister (1962–1963) ::*Choi Tu-son, Prime minister (1963–1964) ::*Chung Il-kwon, Prime minister (1964–1970) ::*Paik Too-chin, Prime minister (1970–1971) ::*Kim Jong-pil, Prime minister (1971–1975) ::*Choi Kyu-hah, Acting Prime minister (1975–1976), Prime minister (1976–1979) ::*Shin Hyun-hwak, Prime minister (1979–1980) ::*Pak Choong-hoon, Acting Prime minister (1980) ::*Nam Duck-woo, Prime minister (1980–1982) ::*Yoo Chang-soon, Prime minister (1982) ::*Kim Sang-hyup, Prime minister (1982–1983) ::*Chin Iee-chong, Prime minister (1983–1984) ::*Shin Byung-hyun, Acting Prime minister (1984–1985) ::*Lho Shin-yong, Prime minister (1985–1987) ::*Lee Han-key, Acting Prime minister (1987) ::*Kim Chung-yul, Prime minister (1987–1988) ::*Lee Hyun-jae, Prime minister (1988) ::*Kang Young-hoon, Prime minister (1988–1990) ::*Ro Jai-bong, Acting Prime minister (1990–1991), Prime minister (1991) ::*Chung Won-shik, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Hyun Soong-jong, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Hwang In-sung, Prime minister (1993) ::*Lee Hoi-chang, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Lee Yung-dug, Prime minister (1994) ::*Lee Hong-koo, Prime minister (1994–1995) ::*Lee Soo-sung, Prime minister (1995–1997) ::*Goh Kun, Prime minister (1997–1998) ::*Kim Jong-pil, Prime minister (1998–2000) ::*Park Tae-joon, Prime minister (2000) ::*Lee Han-dong, Prime minister (2000–2002) *Mongolian People's Republic :*Heads of state (List of heads of state of Mongolia, complete list) – ::*Gonchigiin Bumtsend, Chairman (1940–1953) ::*Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa, Acting Chairwoman (1953–1954) ::*Jamsrangiin Sambuu, Chairman (1954–1972) ::*Tsagaanlamyn Dügersüren, Acting Chairman (1972) ::*Sonomyn Luvsan, Acting Chairman (1972–1974) ::*Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Chairman (1974–1984) ::*Nyamyn Jagvaral, Acting Chairman (1984) ::*Jambyn Batmönkh, Chairman (1984–1990) ::*Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, Chairman (1990–1992), President (1990–1992) :*Prime Minister of Mongolia, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Mongolia, complete list) – ::*Khorloogiin Choibalsan, Prime minister (1939–1952) ::*Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Prime minister (1952–1974) ::*Jambyn Batmönkh, Prime minister (1974–1984) ::*Dumaagiin Sodnom, Prime minister (1984–1990) ::*Sharavyn Gungaadorj, Prime minister (1990) ::*Dashiin Byambasüren, Prime minister (1990–1992) *Mongolia :*President of Mongolia, Presidents (List of heads of state of Mongolia, complete list) – ::*Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, President (1992–1997) ::*Natsagiin Bagabandi, President (1997–2005) :*Prime Minister of Mongolia, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Mongolia, complete list) – ::*Puntsagiin Jasrai, Prime minister (1992–1996) ::*Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan, Prime minister (1996–1998) ::*Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, Prime minister (1998) ::*Janlavyn Narantsatsralt, Prime minister (1998–1999) ::*Nyam-Osoryn Tuyaa, Acting Prime minister (1999) ::*Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal, Prime minister (1999–2000) ::*Nambaryn Enkhbayar, Prime minister (2000–2004)

Asia: Southeast

''Brunei'' *Brunei#British intervention, Protectorate of Brunei / Nation of Brunei (List of Sultans of Brunei, complete list) – :''British protectorate, 1888–1984'' :*Omar Ali Saifuddien III, Sultan (1950–1967) :*Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan (1967–present) ''Cambodia'' *Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970) :*Monarchy of Cambodia, Kings (List of heads of state of Cambodia, complete list) – ::*Norodom Sihanouk, King (1941–1955) ::*Norodom Suramarit, King (1955–1960) ::*Chuop Hell, Acting Head of state (1960) ::*Sisowath Monireth, Acting Head of state (1960) ::*Chuop Hell, Acting Head of state (1960) ::*Norodom Sihanouk, Prince (1960–1970) ::*Sisowath Kossamak, Queen Mother (1960–1970) :*Prime Minister of Cambodia, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Cambodia, complete list) – ::*Penn Nouth, Prime minister (1953) ::*Chan Nak, Prime minister (1953–1954) ::*Penn Nouth, Prime minister (1954–1955) ::*Leng Ngeth, Prime minister (1955) ::*Oum Chheang Sun, Prime minister (1956) ::*Khim Tit, Prime minister (1956) ::*Sam Yun, Prime minister (1956–1957) ::*Sim Var, Prime minister (1957–1958) ::*Ek Yi Oun, Prime minister (1958) ::*Pho Proeung, Prime minister (1960–1961) ::*Penn Nouth, Prime minister (1961) ::*Nhiek Tioulong, Prime minister (1962) ::*Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum, Prime minister (1962) ::*Norodom Kantol, Prime minister (1962–1966) ::*Lon Nol, Prime minister (1966–1967) ::*Son Sann, Prime minister (1967–1968) ::*Penn Nouth, Prime minister (1968–1969) ::*Lon Nol, Prime minister (1969–1970) *Khmer Republic :*Presidents (List of heads of state of Cambodia, complete list) – ::*Cheng Heng, President (1970–1972) ::*Lon Nol, President (1972–1975) ::*Peter Khoy Saukam, Acting President (1975) ::*Sak Sutsakhan, Chairman of the Supreme Committee (1975) :*Prime Minister of Cambodia, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Cambodia, complete list) – ::*Lon Nol, Prime minister (1970–1971) ::*Sisowath Sirik Matak, Prime minister (1971–1972) ::*Son Ngoc Thanh, Prime minister (1972) ::*Hang Thun Hak, Prime minister (1972–1973) ::*In Tam, Prime minister (1973) ::*Long Boret, Prime minister (1973–1975) *Democratic Kampuchea :*General Secretary of the Communist Party (General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kampuchea, complete list) – ::*Pol Pot, General Secretary (1963–1981) :*Heads of state (List of heads of state of Cambodia, complete list) – ::*Norodom Sihanouk, President of the State Presidium (1975–1976) ::*Khieu Samphan, President of the State Presidium (1976–1979) :*Prime Minister of Cambodia, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Cambodia, complete list) – ::*Penn Nouth, Prime minister (1975–1976) ::*Khieu Samphan, Prime minister (1976) ::*Nuon Chea, Prime minister (1976) ::*Pol Pot, Prime minister (1976, 1976–1979) *People's Republic of Kampuchea :*General Secretary (Cambodian People's Party#List of party leaders, complete list) – ::*Pen Sovan, General Secretary (1979–1981) ::*Heng Samrin, General Secretary (1981–1991) :*Heads of state (List of heads of state of Cambodia, complete list) – ::*Heng Samrin, Chairman of the Revolutionary Council (1979–1981), Chairman of the State Council (1981–1992) :*Prime Minister of Cambodia, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Cambodia, complete list) – ::*Pen Sovan, Prime minister (1981) ::*Chan Sy, Prime minister (1982–1984) ::*Hun Sen, Prime minister (1985–1989) *United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia – :''List of territories governed by the United Nations, United Nations protectorate, 1992–1993'' *People's Republic of Kampuchea#Transition, State of Cambodia :*General Secretary (Cambodian People's Party#List of party leaders, complete list) – ::*Heng Samrin, General Secretary (1981–1991) :*Heads of state (List of heads of state of Cambodia, complete list) – ::*Heng Samrin, Chairman of the State Council (1981–1992) ::*Chea Sim, Chairman of the State Council (1992–1993) ::*Norodom Sihanouk, Head of state (1993) :*Prime Minister of Cambodia, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Cambodia, complete list) – ::*Hun Sen, Prime minister (1989–1993), Second Prime minister (1993) ::*Norodom Ranariddh, First Prime minister (1993) *Kingdom of Cambodia :*List of monarchs of Cambodia, Kings (List of heads of state of Cambodia, complete list) – ::*Norodom Sihanouk, King (1993–2004) :*Prime Minister of Cambodia, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Cambodia, complete list) – ::*Norodom Ranariddh, First Prime minister (1993–1997) ::*Hun Sen, Second Prime minister (1993–1998) ::*Ung Huot, First Prime minister (1997–1998) ::*Hun Sen, Prime minister (1998–present) ''East Timor'' *East Timor (President of East Timor, complete list) – :*Francisco Xavier do Amaral, President (1975) :*Nicolau dos Reis Lobato, Acting President (1975–1978) *United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor :''List of territories governed by the United Nations, United Nations protectorate, 1999–2002'' ''Indonesia'' *Liberal democracy period in Indonesia, Liberal democracy period in Indonesia :*President of Indonesia, Presidents (List of presidents of Indonesia, complete list) – ::*Sukarno, President (1945–1967) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Indonesia, complete list) – ::*Mohammad Natsir, Prime minister (1950–1951) ::*Soekiman Wirjosandjojo, Prime minister (1951–1952) ::*Wilopo, Prime minister (1952–1953) ::*Ali Sastroamidjojo, Prime minister (1953–1955, 1956–1957) ::*Burhanuddin Harahap, Prime minister (1955–1956) ::*Djuanda Kartawidjaja, Prime minister (1957–1959) *Guided Democracy in Indonesia (List of presidents of Indonesia, complete list) – :*Sukarno, President (1945–1967) *New Order (Indonesia), New Order, Indonesia (List of presidents of Indonesia, complete list) – :*Suharto, Acting President (1967–1968), President (1968–1998) *Republic of Indonesia (List of presidents of Indonesia, complete list) – :*B. J. Habibie, President (1998–1999) :*Abdurrahman Wahid, President (1999–2001) *Darul Islam (Indonesia), Islamic State of Indonesia – :*Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwiryo, Imam (1949–1962) *United Nations Temporary Executive Authority – :''List of territories governed by the United Nations, United Nations protectorate, 1962–1963 '' *Republic of South Maluku (Republic of South Maluku#Presidents, complete list) – :*Chris Soumokil, President (1950–1966) :*Johan Manusama, President (1966–1992) :*Frans Tutuhatunewa, President (1993–2010) ''Laos'' *Kingdom of Laos :*Monarchs (List of monarchs of Laos, complete list) – ::*Sisavang Vong, King (1946–1959) ::*Sisavang Vatthana, King (1959–1975) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Laos, complete list) – ::*Phoui Sananikone, Prime minister (1950–1951) ::*Savang Vatthana, Prime minister (1951) ::*Souvanna Phouma, Prime minister (1951–1954) ::*Katay Don Sasorith, Prime minister (1954–1956) ::*Souvanna Phouma, Prime minister (1956–1958) ::*Phoui Sananikone, Prime minister (1958–1959) ::*Sounthone Pathammavong, Prime minister (1959–1960) ::*Kou Abhay, Prime minister (1960) ::*Somsanith Vongkotrattana, Prime minister (1960) ::*Souvanna Phouma, Prime minister (1960) ::*Boun Oum, Prime minister (1960–1962) ::*Souvanna Phouma, Prime minister (1962–1975) *Laos, Lao People's Democratic Republic :*General Secretaries (General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, complete list) – ::*Kaysone Phomvihane, General Secretary (1955–1991), Chairman (1991–1992) ::*Khamtai Siphandon, Chairman (1992–2006) :*Presidents (President of Laos, complete list) – ::*Souphanouvong, President (1975–1991) ::*Phoumi Vongvichit, Acting President (1986–1991) ::*Kaysone Phomvihane, President (1991–1992) ::*Nouhak Phoumsavanh, President (1992–1998) ::*Khamtai Siphandon, President (1998–2006) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Laos, complete list) – ::*Kaysone Phomvihane, Prime minister (1975–1991) ::*Khamtai Siphandon, Prime minister (1991–1998) ::*Sisavath Keobounphanh, Prime minister (1998–2001) ''Malaysia'' *Malaysia :*Elected monarchs (Yang di-Pertuan Agong, complete list) – ::*Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1957–1960) ::*Hisamuddin of Selangor, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1960) ::*Putra of Perlis, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1960–1965) ::*Ismail Nasiruddin of Terengganu, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1965–1970) ::*Abdul Halim of Kedah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1970–1975) ::*Yahya Petra of Kelantan, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1975–1979) ::*Ahmad Shah of Pahang, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1979–1984) ::*Iskandar of Johor, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1984–1989) ::*Azlan Shah of Perak, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1989–1994) ::*Jaafar of Negeri Sembilan, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1994–1999) ::*Salahuddin of Selangor, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1999–2001) :*Prime Minister of Malaysia, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Malaysia, complete list) – ::*Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime minister (1957–1970) ::*Abdul Razak Hussein, Prime minister (1970–1976) ::*Hussein Onn, Prime minister (1976–1981) ::*Mahathir Mohamad, Prime minister (1981–2003) ''Myanmar / Burma'' *Post-independence Burma (1948–1962), Union of Burma :*President of Myanmar, Presidents (List of presidents of Myanmar, complete list) – ::*Sao Shwe Thaik, President (1948–1952) ::*Ba U, President (1952–1957) ::*Win Maung, President (1957–1962) ::*Ne Win, Chairman of the Revolutionary Council (1962–1974) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Myanmar, complete list) – ::*U Nu, Prime minister (1948–1956) ::*Ba Swe, Prime minister (1956–1957) ::*U Nu, Prime minister (1957–1958) ::*Ne Win, Prime minister (1958–1960) ::*U Nu, Prime minister (1960–1962) ::*Ne Win, Prime minister (1962–1974) *Burmese Way to Socialism, Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma :*Party Chairman (List of presidents of Myanmar#Chairmen of the Burma Socialist Programme Party (1962–1988), complete list) – ::*Ne Win, Chairman (1962–1988) ::*Sein Lwin, Chairman (1988) ::*Maung Maung, Chairman (1988) :*President of Myanmar, Presidents (List of presidents of Myanmar, complete list) – ::*Ne Win, President (1974–1981) ::*San Yu, President (1981–1988) ::*Sein Lwin, President (1988) ::*Aye Ko, Acting President (1988) ::*Maung Maung, Acting President (1988) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Myanmar, complete list) – ::*Sein Win (Brigadier General), Sein Win, Prime minister (1974–1977) ::*Maung Maung Kha, Prime minister (1977–1988) ::*Tun Tin, Prime minister (1988) *Union of Burma/Myanmar :*President of Myanmar, Heads of state (List of presidents of Myanmar, complete list) – ::*Saw Maung, Chairmen (1988–1992) ::*Than Shwe, Chairmen (1992–2011) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Myanmar, complete list) – ::*Saw Maung, Prime minister (1988–1992) ::*Than Shwe, Prime minister (1992–2003) ''Philippines'' *Philippines :*President of the Philippines, Presidents (List of presidents of the Philippines, complete list) – ::''History of the Philippines (1946–65), Third Philippine Republic'' ::*Elpidio Quirino, President (1948–1953) ::*Ramon Magsaysay, President (1953–1957) ::*Carlos P. Garcia, President (1957–1961) ::*Diosdado Macapagal, President (1961–1965) ::''History of the Philippines (1965–86), Fourth Philippine Republic'' ::*Ferdinand Marcos, President (1965–1986) ::''History of the Philippines (1986–present), Fifth Philippine Republic'' ::*Corazon Aquino, President (1986–1992) ::*Fidel Ramos, President (1992–1998) ::*Joseph Estrada, President (1998–2001) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of the Philippines, complete list) – ::''History of the Philippines (1965–86), Fourth Philippine Republic'' ::*Ferdinand Marcos, Prime minister (1978–1981) ::*Cesar Virata, Prime minister (1981–1986) ::*Salvador Laurel, Prime minister (1986) ''Singapore'' *Singapore :*Presidents (President of Singapore, complete list) – ::*Yusof Ishak, President (1965–1970) ::*Benjamin Sheares, President (1970–1981) ::*Devan Nair, President (1981–1985) ::*Wee Kim Wee, President (1985–1993) ::*Ong Teng Cheong, President (1993–1999) ::*S. R. Nathan, President (1999–2011) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Singapore, complete list) – ::*Lee Kuan Yew, Prime minister (1959–1990) ::*Goh Chok Tong, Prime minister (1990–2004) ''Thailand'' *Thailand :*Monarchy of Thailand, Monarchs (List of Kings of Thailand#Rattanakosin Kingdom, complete list) – ::*Bhumibol Adulyadej, King (1946–2016) :*Prime Minister of Thailand, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Thailand, complete list) – ::*Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Prime minister (1948–1957) ::*Pote Sarasin, Prime minister (1957–1958) ::*Thanom Kittikachorn, Prime minister (1958) ::*Sarit Thanarat, Prime minister (1957, 1958–1963) ::*Thanom Kittikachorn, Prime minister (1963–1973) ::*Sanya Dharmasakti, Prime minister (1973–1975) ::*Seni Pramoj, Prime minister (1975) ::*Kukrit Pramoj, Prime minister (1975–1976) ::*Seni Pramoj, Prime minister (1976) ::*Thanin Kraivichien, Prime minister (1976–1977) ::*Kriangsak Chamanan, Prime minister (1977–1980) ::*Prem Tinsulanonda, Prime minister (1980–1988) ::*Chatichai Choonhavan, Prime minister (1988–1991) ::*Anand Panyarachun, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Suchinda Kraprayoon, Prime minister (1992) ::*Meechai Ruchuphan, Acting Prime minister (1992) ::*Anand Panyarachun, Prime minister (1992) ::*Chuan Leekpai, Prime minister (1992–1995) ::*Banharn Silpa-archa, Prime minister (1995–1996) ::*Chavalit Yongchaiyudh, Prime minister (1996–1997) ::*Chuan Leekpai, Prime minister (1997–2001) ''Vietnam'' *North Vietnam, Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) (1945–1976) :*President of Vietnam, Presidents (List of presidents of Vietnam, complete list) – ::*Ho Chi Minh, President (1945–1969) ::*Tôn Đức Thắng, President (1969–1976) :*Prime Minister of Vietnam, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Vietnam, complete list) – ::*Ho Chi Minh, Prime minister (1945–1955) ::*Phạm Văn Đồng, Prime minister (1955–1976) *State of Vietnam (South Vietnam) (1949–1955) :*General Secretaries of the Communist Party (General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, complete list) – ::*Trường Chinh, General Secretary (1941–1956) :*Presidents (Leaders of South Vietnam#Heads of state, complete list) – ::*Bảo Đại, President (1949–1955) ::*Ngo Dinh Diem, Acting President (1955) :*Prime ministers (Leaders of South Vietnam#Heads of government, complete list) – ::*Trần Văn Hữu, Prime minister (1950–1952) ::*Nguyễn Văn Tâm, Prime minister (1952–1953) ::*Bửu Lộc, Prime minister (1954) ::*Phan Huy Quát, Prime minister (1954) ::*Ngo Dinh Diem, Prime minister (1954–1955) *South Vietnam, Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) (1955–1975) :*General Secretaries of the Communist Party (General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, complete list) – ::*Trường Chinh, General Secretary (1941–1956) ::*Ho Chi Minh, Hồ Chí Minh, General Secretary (1956–1960) ::*Lê Duẩn, General Secretary (1960–1986) :*Presidents (Leaders of South Vietnam#Heads of state, complete list) – ::*Ngo Dinh Diem, President (1955–1963) ::*Dương Văn Minh, President (1963–1964) ::*Nguyễn Khánh, President (1964) ::*Dương Văn Minh, President (1964) ::*Nguyễn Khánh, President (1964) ::*Dương Văn Minh, President (1964) ::*Phan Khắc Sửu, President (1964–1965) ::*Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, President (1965–1975) ::*Trần Văn Hương, Acting President (1975) ::*Dương Văn Minh, Acting President (1975) :*Prime ministers (Leaders of South Vietnam#Heads of government, complete list) – ::*Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ, Prime minister (1963–1964) ::*Nguyễn Khánh, Prime minister (1964) ::*Nguyễn Xuân Oánh, Acting Prime minister (1964) ::*Nguyễn Khánh, Prime minister (1964) ::*Trần Văn Hương, Prime minister (1964–1965) ::*Nguyễn Xuân Oánh, Acting Prime minister (1965) ::*Phan Huy Quát, Prime minister (1965) ::*Nguyễn Cao Kỳ, Prime minister (1965–1967) ::*Nguyễn Văn Lộc, Prime minister (1967–1968) ::*Trần Văn Hương, Prime minister (1968–1969) ::*Trần Thiện Khiêm, Prime minister (1969–1975) ::*Nguyễn Bá Cẩn, Prime minister (1975) ::*Vũ Văn Mẫu, Prime minister (1975) *Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, Republic of South Vietnam (1975–1976) :*Heads of state (Leaders of South Vietnam#Heads of state, complete list) – ::*Nguyễn Hữu Thọ, Chairman of the Consultative Council (1969–1976) :*Heads of government (Leaders of South Vietnam#Heads of government, complete list) – ::*Huỳnh Tấn Phát, Prime minister (1975–1976) *Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present) :*General Secretaries of the Communist Party (General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, complete list) – ::*Lê Duẩn, General Secretary (1960–1986) ::*Trường Chinh, General Secretary (1986) ::*Nguyễn Văn Linh, General Secretary (1986–1991) ::*Đỗ Mười, General Secretary (1991–1997) ::*Lê Khả Phiêu, General Secretary (1997–2001) :*President of Vietnam, Heads of state (List of presidents of Vietnam, complete list) – ::*Tôn Đức Thắng, President (1976–1980) ::*Nguyễn Hữu Thọ, Acting President (1980–1981) ::*Trường Chinh, Chairmen of the Council of State (1981–1987) ::*Võ Chí Công, Chairmen of the Council of State (1987–1992) ::*Lê Đức Anh, President (1992–1997) ::*Trần Đức Lương, President (1997–2006) :*Prime Minister of Vietnam, Heads of government (List of prime ministers of Vietnam, complete list) – ::*Phạm Văn Đồng, Prime minister (1976–1981), Chairmen of the Council of ministers (1981–1987) ::*Phạm Hùng, Chairmen of the Council of ministers (1987–1988) ::*Võ Văn Kiệt, Acting Chairmen of the Council of ministers (1988) ::*Đỗ Mười, Chairmen of the Council of ministers (1988–1991) ::*Võ Văn Kiệt, Chairmen of the Council of ministers (1991–1992), Prime minister (1992–1997) ::*Phan Văn Khải, Prime minister (1997–2006)

Asia: South

''Afghanistan'' *Kingdom of Afghanistan :*Kings (List of heads of state of Afghanistan, complete list) – ::*Mohammed Zahir Shah, King (1933–1973) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Afghanistan, complete list) – ::*Shah Mahmud Khan, Prime minister (1946–1953) ::*Mohammed Daoud Khan, Prime minister (1953–1963) ::*Mohammad Yusuf (politician), Mohammad Yusuf, Prime minister (1963–1965) ::*Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal, Prime minister (1965–1967) ::*Abdullah Yaqta, Prime minister (1967) ::*Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi, Prime minister (1967–1971) ::*Abdul Zahir (Afghan prime minister), Sharifi Abdul Zahir, Prime minister (1971–1972) ::*Mohammad Musa Shafiq, Prime minister (1972–1973) *Republic of Afghanistan (disambiguation) (List of heads of state of Afghanistan, complete list) – :*Mohammed Daoud Khan, President (1973–1978) *Democratic Republic of Afghanistan :*General Secretary of the Central Committee (People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan#Leadership, complete list) – ::*Nur Muhammad Taraki, General Secretary (1965–1979) ::*Hafizullah Amin, General Secretary (1979) ::*Babrak Karmal, General Secretary (1979–1986) ::*Mohammad Najibullah, General Secretary (1986–1992) :*President of Afghanistan, Heads of state (List of heads of state of Afghanistan, complete list) – ::*Nur Muhammad Taraki, Chairman (1978–1979) ::*Hafizullah Amin, Chairman (1979) ::*Babrak Karmal, Chairman (1979–1986) ::*Haji Mohammad Chamkani, Acting Chairman (1986–1987) ::*Mohammad Najibullah, Chairman (1987), President (1987–1992) ::*Abdul Rahim Hatif, Acting President (1992) :*Heads of government (Prime Minister of Afghanistan, complete list) – ::*Nur Muhammad Taraki, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1978–1979) ::*Hafizullah Amin, Prime minister (1979) ::*Babrak Karmal, Prime minister (1979–1981) ::*Sultan Ali Keshtmand, Prime minister (1981–1988) ::*Mohammad Hasan Sharq, Prime minister (1988–1989) ::*Sultan Ali Keshtmand, Prime minister (1989–1990) ::*Fazal Haq Khaliqyar, Prime minister (1990–1992) *Islamic State of Afghanistan :*President of Afghanistan, Presidents (List of heads of state of Afghanistan, complete list) – ::*Sibghatullah Mojaddedi, Acting President (1992) ::*Burhanuddin Rabbani, President (1992–1996) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Afghanistan, complete list) – ::*Abdul Sabur Farid Kohistani, Prime minister (1992) ::*Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Arsala Rahmani Daulat, Prime minister (1994–1995) ::*Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai, Prime minister (1995–1996) ::*Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Prime minister (1996) *Northern Alliance of Afghanistan (List of heads of state of Afghanistan, complete list) – :*Burhanuddin Rabbani, President (1996–2001) *Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001), Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan :*Supreme Leader of Afghanistan, Supreme leaders (List of heads of state of Afghanistan, complete list) – ::*Mullah Omar (1996–2001) :*Prime Minister of Afghanistan, Prime ministers – ::*Mohammad Rabbani (1996–2001) ''Bangladesh'' *Bangladesh :*President of Bangladesh, Presidents (List of presidents of Bangladesh, complete list) – ::*Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, President (1971–1972) ::*Syed Nazrul Islam, Acting President (1971–1972) ::*Abu Sayeed Chowdhury, President (1972–1973) ::*Mohammad Mohammadullah, Acting President (1973–1974), President (1974–1975) ::*Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, President (1975) ::*Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, President (1975) ::*Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem, President (1975–1977) ::*Ziaur Rahman, President (1977–1981) ::*Abdus Sattar (president), Abdus Sattar, President (1981–1982) ::*Hussain Muhammad Ershad, President (1982) ::*A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury, President (1982–1983) ::*Hussain Muhammad Ershad, President (1983–1990) ::*Shahabuddin Ahmed, Interim President (1990–1991) ::*Abdur Rahman Biswas, President (1991–1996) ::*Shahabuddin Ahmed, President (1996–2001) :*Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Bangladesh, complete list) – ::*Tajuddin Ahmad, Prime minister (1971–1972) ::*Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Prime minister (1972–1975) ::*Muhammad Mansur Ali, Prime minister (1975) ::*Mashiur Rahman (politician from Rangpur), Mashiur Rahman, Prime minister (1978–1979) ::*Shah Azizur Rahman, Prime minister (1979–1982) ::*Ataur Rahman Khan, Prime minister (1984–1986) ::*Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury, Prime minister (1986–1988) ::*Moudud Ahmed, Prime minister (1988–1989) ::*Kazi Zafar Ahmed, Prime minister (1989–1990) ::*Khaleda Zia, Prime minister (1991–1996) ::*Muhammad Habibur Rahman, Prime minister (1996) ::*Sheikh Hasina, Prime minister (1996–2001) ''Bhutan'' *Bhutan :*Druk Gyalpo, Monarchs (List of rulers of Bhutan, complete list) – ::*Jigme Wangchuck, Druk Gyalpo (1926–1952) ::*Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, Druk Gyalpo (1952–1972) ::*Jigme Singye Wangchuck, Druk Gyalpo (1972–2006) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Bhutan, complete list) – ::*Sonam Topgay Dorji, Chief minister (1917–1952) ::*Jigme Palden Dorji, Prime minister (1952–1964) ::*Jigme Thinley, Prime minister (1998–1999) ::*Sangay Ngedup, Prime minister (1999–2000) ::*Yeshey Zimba, Prime minister (2000–2001) ''India'' *Republic of India :*President of India, Presidents (List of presidents of India, complete list) – ::*Rajendra Prasad, President (1950–1962) ::*Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, President (1962–1967) ::*Zakir Husain, President (1967–1969) ::*V. V. Giri, Acting President (1969) ::*Mohammad Hidayatullah, Acting President (1969) ::*V. V. Giri, President (1969–1974) ::*Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, President (1974–1977) ::*B. D. Jatti, Acting President (1977) ::*Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, President (1977–1982) ::*Zail Singh, President (1982–1987) ::*R. Venkataraman, President (1987–1992) ::*Shankar Dayal Sharma, President (1992–1997) ::*K. R. Narayanan, President (1997–2002) :*Prime Minister of India, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of India, complete list) – ::*Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime minister (1947–1964) ::*Gulzarilal Nanda, Acting Prime minister (1964) ::*Lal Bahadur Shastri, Prime minister (1964–1966) ::*Gulzarilal Nanda, Acting Prime minister (1966) ::*Indira Gandhi, Prime minister (1966–1977) ::*Morarji Desai, Prime minister (1977–1979) ::*Charan Singh, Prime minister (1979–1980) ::*Indira Gandhi, Prime minister (1980–1984) ::*Rajiv Gandhi, Prime minister (1984–1989) ::*V. P. Singh, Prime minister (1989–1990) ::*Chandra Shekhar, Prime minister (1990–1991) ::*P. V. Narasimha Rao, Prime minister (1991–1996) ::*Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime minister (1996) ::*H. D. Deve Gowda, Prime minister (1996–1997) ::*I. K. Gujral, Prime minister (1997–1998) ::*Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime minister (1998–2004) ''Maldives'' *First Republic of Maldives (President of the Maldives, complete list) – :*Mohamed Amin Didi, President (1952–1953) :*Ibrahim Muhammad Didi, Acting President (1953–1954) *History of the Maldives, Sultanate of the Maldives: Huraa Dynasty (List of sultans of the Maldives, complete list) – :*Muhammad Fareed Didi, Sultan (1954–1965), King (1965–1968) *United Suvadive Republic :*Abdullah Afeef, President (1959–1963) *Second Republic of Maldives (President of the Maldives, complete list) – :*Ibrahim Nasir, President (1968–1978) :*Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President (1978–2008) ''Nepal'' *Kingdom of Nepal :*King of Nepal, Kings (List of heads of state of Nepal, complete list) – ::*Gyanendra of Nepal, Gyanendra, King (1950–1951, 2001–2008) ::*Tribhuvan of Nepal, Tribhuvan, King (1951–1955) ::*Mahendra of Nepal, Mahendra, King (1955–1972) ::*Birendra of Nepal, Birendra, King (1972–2001) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Nepal, complete list) – ::*Mohan Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime minister (1948–1951) ::*Matrika Prasad Koirala, Prime minister (1951–1952) ::*Matrika Prasad Koirala, Prime minister (1953–1955) ::*Tanka Prasad Acharya, Prime minister (1956–1957) ::*Kunwar Inderjit Singh, Prime minister (1957–1958) ::*Subarna Shamsher Rana, Prime minister (1958–1959) ::*Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala, Prime minister (1959–1960) ::*Tulsi Giri, Prime minister (1960–1963) ::*Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime minister (1963–1964) ::*Tulsi Giri, Prime minister (1964–1965) ::*Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime minister (1965–1969) ::*Kirti Nidhi Bista, Prime minister (1969–1970) ::*Gehendra Bahadur Rajbhandari, Acting Prime minister (1970–1971) ::*Kirti Nidhi Bista, Prime minister (1971–1973) ::*Nagendra Prasad Rijal, Prime minister (1973–1975) ::*Tulsi Giri, Prime minister (1975–1977) ::*Kirti Nidhi Bista, Prime minister (1977–1979) ::*Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime minister (1979–1983) ::*Lokendra Bahadur Chand, Prime minister (1983–1986) ::*Nagendra Prasad Rijal, Prime minister (1986) ::*Marich Man Singh Shrestha, Prime minister (1986–1990) ::*Lokendra Bahadur Chand, Prime minister (1990) ::*Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Prime minister (1990–1991) ::*Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime minister (1991–1994) ::*Man Mohan Adhikari, Prime minister (1994–1995) ::*Sher Bahadur Deuba, Prime minister (1995–1997) ::*Lokendra Bahadur Chand, Prime minister (1997) ::*Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime minister (1997–1998) ::*Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime minister (1998–1999) ::*Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Prime minister (1999–2000) ::*Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime minister (2000–2001) ''Pakistan'' *Dominion of Pakistan :*Monarchs – ::*George VI, King (1947–1952) ::*

, Queen (1952–1956) :*Prime Minister of Pakistan, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Pakistan, complete list) – ::*Liaquat Ali Khan, Prime minister (1947–1951) ::*Khawaja Nazimuddin, Prime minister (1951–1953) ::*Muhammad Ali Bogra, Prime minister (1953–1955) ::*Chaudhry Muhammad Ali, Prime minister (1955–1956) *Islamic Republic of Pakistan :*President of Pakistan, Presidents (List of presidents of Pakistan, complete list) – ::*Iskander Mirza, President (1956–1958) ::*Ayub Khan (general), Ayub Khan, President (1958–1969) ::*Yahya Khan, President (1969–1971) ::*Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, President (1971–1973) ::*Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, President (1973–1978) ::*Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, President (1978–1988) ::*Ghulam Ishaq Khan, President (1988–1993) ::*Wasim Sajjad, Acting President (1993) ::*Farooq Leghari, President (1993–1997) ::*Wasim Sajjad, Acting President (1997) ::*Muhammad Rafiq Tarar, President (1997–2001) :*Prime Minister of Pakistan, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Pakistan, complete list) – ::*Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, Prime minister (1956–1957) ::*Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar, Prime minister (1957) ::*Feroz Khan Noon, Prime minister (1957–1958) ::*Nurul Amin, Prime minister (1971) ::*Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Prime minister (1973–1977) ::*Muhammad Khan Junejo, Prime minister (1985–1988) ::*Benazir Bhutto, Prime minister (1988–1990) ::*Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi, Acting Prime minister (1990) ::*Nawaz Sharif, Prime minister (1990–1993) ::*Balakh Sher Mazari, Acting Prime minister (1993) ::*Nawaz Sharif, Prime minister (1993) ::*Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi, Acting Prime minister (1993) ::*Benazir Bhutto, Prime minister (1993–1996) ::*Malik Meraj Khalid, Acting Prime minister (1996–1997) ::*Nawaz Sharif, Prime minister (1997–1999) ''Sri Lanka'' *Dominion of Ceylon :*Monarchs – ::*George VI, King (1948–1952) ::*

, Queen (1952–1972) :*Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Sri Lanka, complete list) – ::*D. S. Senanayake, Don Stephen Senanayake, Prime minister (1947–1952) ::*Dudley Senanayake, Prime minister (1952–1953) ::*John Kotelawala, Prime minister (1953–1956) ::*S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike, Prime minister (1956–1959) ::*Wijeyananda Dahanayake, Prime minister (1959–1960) ::*Dudley Senanayake, Prime minister (1960) ::*Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime minister (1960–1965) ::*Dudley Senanayake, Prime minister (1965–1970) ::*Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime minister (1970–1972) *Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka :*President of Sri Lanka, Presidents (List of presidents of Sri Lanka, complete list) – ::*William Gopallawa, President (1972–1978) ::*J. R. Jayewardene, Junius Richard Jayewardene, President (1978–1989) ::*Ranasinghe Premadasa, President (1989–1993) ::*Dingiri Banda Wijetunga, President (1993–1994) ::*Chandrika Kumaratunga, President (1994–2005) :*Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Sri Lanka, complete list) – ::*Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime minister (1972–1977) ::*J. R. Jayewardene, Junius Richard Jayewardene, Prime minister (1977–1978) ::*Ranasinghe Premadasa, Prime minister (1978–1989) ::*Dingiri Banda Wijetunga, Prime minister (1989–1993) ::*Ranil Wickremesinghe, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Chandrika Kumaratunga, Prime minister (1994) ::*Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime minister (1994–2000) ::*Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, Prime minister (2000–2001)

Asia: West

''Bahrain'' *History of Bahrain (1783–1971), Hakims of Bahrain/ State of Bahrain (King of Bahrain, complete list) – :''Protectorate of the United Kingdom, 1861–1971'' :*Monarchs (King of Bahrain, complete list) – ::*Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa (1894–1961), Salman ibn Hamad Al Khalifa, Hakim (1942–1961) ::*Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Hakim (1961–1971), Emir (1971–1999) ::*Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Emir (1999–2002), King (2002–present) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Bahrain, complete list) – ::*Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime minister (1971–2020) ''Cyprus'' *British Cyprus ( complete list) – :''Colony, 1878–1960'' :''For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Republic of Cyprus (List of presidents of Cyprus, complete list) – :*Makarios III, President (1960–1974) :*Nikos Sampson, ''de facto'' President (1974) :*Glafcos Clerides, Acting President (1974) :*Makarios III, President (1974–1977) :*Spyros Kyprianou, President (1977–1988) :*George Vasiliou, President (1988–1993) :*Glafcos Clerides, President (1993–2003) ''Iran'' *Pahlavi Iran, Imperial State of Iran :*Shahs (List of monarchs of Persia, complete list) – ::*Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah (1941–1979) *Iran, Islamic Republic of Iran :*Supreme Leaders (Supreme Leader of Iran, complete list) – ::*Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader (1979–1989) ::*Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader (1989–present) :*President of Iran, Presidents (List of presidents of Iran, complete list) – ::*Abolhassan Banisadr, President (1980–1981) ::*Mohammad-Ali Rajai, President (1981) ::*Ali Khamenei, President (1981–1989) ::*Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, President (1989–1997) ::*Mohammad Khatami, President (1997–2005) :*Prime Minister of Iran, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Iran, complete list) – ::*Mehdi Bazargan, Prime minister (1979) ::*Mohammad-Ali Rajai, Prime minister (1980–1981) ::*Mohammad-Javad Bahonar, Prime minister (1981) ::*Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani, Acting Prime minister (1981) ::*Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Prime minister (1981–1989) ''Iraq'' *Kingdom of Iraq :*Kings (List of kings of Iraq, complete list) – ::*'Abd al-Ilah, Regent (1939–1953) ::*Faisal II of Iraq, Faisal II, King (1939–1958) :*Prime Minister of Iraq, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Iraq, complete list) – ::*Nuri al-Said, Prime minister (1930–1932, 1938–1940, 1941–1944, 1946–1947, 1949, 1950–1952, 1954–1957, 1958) ::*Mustafa Mahmud al-Umari, Prime minister (1952–1953) ::*Nureddin Mahmud, Prime minister (1952–1953) ::*Jameel Al-Madfaai, Prime minister (1933–1934, 1935, 1937–1938, 1941, 1953) ::*Muhammad Fadhel al-Jamali, Prime minister (1953–1954) ::*Arshad al-Umari, Prime minister (1946, 1954) ::*Ali Jawdat Al-Ayyubi, Prime minister (1934–1935, 1949–1950, 1957) ::*Abdul-Wahab Mirjan, Prime minister (1957–1958) ::*Ahmad Mukhtar Baban, Prime minister (1958) *Iraqi Republic (1958–1968) :*President of Iraq, Presidents (List of presidents of Iraq, complete list) – ::*Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i, President (1958–1963) ::*Abdul Salam Arif, President (1963–1966) ::*Abd al-Rahman al-Bazzaz, Interim President (1966) ::*Abdul Rahman Arif, President (1966–1968) :*Prime Minister of Iraq, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Iraq, complete list) – ::*Abd al-Karim Qasim, Prime minister (1958–1963) ::*Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, Prime minister (1963) ::*Tahir Yahya, Prime minister (1963–1965) ::*Arif Abd ar-Razzaq, Prime minister (1965) ::*Abd ar-Rahman al-Bazzaz, Prime minister (1965–1966) ::*Naji Talib, Prime minister (1966–1967) ::*Abdul Rahman Arif, Prime minister (1967) ::*Tahir Yahya, Prime minister (1967–1968) *Ba'athist Iraq :*President of Iraq, Presidents (List of presidents of Iraq, complete list) – ::*Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, President (1968–1979) ::*Saddam Hussein, President (1979–2003) :*Prime Minister of Iraq, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Iraq, complete list) – ::*Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif, Prime minister (1968) ::*Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, Prime minister (1968–1979) ::*Saddam Hussein, Prime minister (1979–1991) ::*Sa'dun Hammadi, Prime minister (1991) ::*Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi, Mohammad Hamza al-Zubaidi, Prime minister (1991–1993) ::*Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Saddam Hussein, Prime minister (1994–2003) ''Israel'' *Israel :*President of Israel, Heads of state (List of presidents of Israel, complete list) – ::*Chaim Weizmann, Chairman (1948–1949), President (1949–1952) ::*Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, President (1952–1963) ::*Zalman Shazar, President (1963–1973) ::*Ephraim Katzir, President (1973–1978) ::*Yitzhak Navon, President (1978–1983) ::*Chaim Herzog, President (1983–1993) ::*Ezer Weizman, President (1993–2000) ::*Moshe Katsav, President (2000–2007) :*Prime Minister of Israel, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Israel, complete list) – ::*David Ben-Gurion, Prime minister (1948–1953) ::*Moshe Sharett, Prime minister (1953–1955) ::*David Ben-Gurion, Prime minister (1955–1963) ::*Levi Eshkol, Prime minister (1963–1969) ::*Yigal Allon, Acting Prime minister (1969) ::*Golda Meir, Prime minister (1969–1974) ::*Yitzhak Rabin, Prime minister (1974–1977) ::*Menachem Begin, Prime minister (1977–1983) ::*Yitzhak Shamir, Prime minister (1983–1984) ::*Shimon Peres, Prime minister (1984–1986) ::*Yitzhak Shamir, Prime minister (1986–1992) ::*Yitzhak Rabin, Prime minister (1992–1995) ::*Shimon Peres, Prime minister (1995–1996) ::*Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime minister (1996–1999) ::*Ehud Barak, Prime minister (1999–2001) ''Jordan'' *Kingdom of Jordan :*Monarchs (List of kings of Jordan, complete list) – ::*Abdullah I of Jordan, Abdullah I, Emir (1921–1946), King (1946–1951) ::*Talal of Jordan, Talal, King (1951–1952) ::*Hussein of Jordan, Hussein, King (1952–1999) ::*Abdullah II of Jordan, Abdullah II, King (1999–present) :*Prime Minister of Jordan, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Jordan, complete list) – ::*Samir al-Rifai, Prime minister (1950–1951) ::*Tawfik Abu al-Huda, Prime minister (1951–1953) ::*Fawzi al-Mulki, Prime minister (1953–1954) ::*Tawfik Abu al-Huda, Prime minister (1954–1955) ::*Sa`id al-Mufti, Prime minister (1955) ::*Hazza' al-Majali, Prime minister (1955) ::*Ibrahim Hashem, Acting Prime minister (1955–1956) ::*Samir al-Rifai, Prime minister (1956) ::*Sa`id al-Mufti, Prime minister (1956) ::*Ibrahim Hashem, Prime minister (1956) ::*Sulayman al-Nabulsi, Prime minister (1956–1957) ::*Husayin al-Khalidi, Prime minister (1957) ::*Ibrahim Hashem, Prime minister (1957–1958) ::*Samir al-Rifai, Prime minister (1958–1959) ::*Hazza' al-Majali, Prime minister (1959–1960) ::*Bahjat Talhouni, Prime minister (1960–1962) ::*Wasfi al-Tal, Prime minister (1962–1963) ::*Samir al-Rifai, Prime minister (1963) ::*Hussein ibn Nasser, Prime minister (1963–1964) ::*Bahjat Talhouni, Prime minister (1964–1965) ::*Wasfi al-Tal, Prime minister (1965–1967) ::*Hussein ibn Nasser, Prime minister (1967) ::*Saad Jumaa, Prime minister (1967) ::*Bahjat Talhouni, Prime minister (1967–1969) ::*Abdelmunim al-Rifai, Prime minister (1969) ::*Bahjat Talhouni, Prime minister (1969–1970) ::*Abdelmunim al-Rifai, Prime minister (1970) ::*Mohammad Daoud Al-Abbasi, Prime minister (1970) ::*Ahmad Toukan, Prime minister (1970) ::*Wasfi al-Tal, Prime minister (1970–1971) ::*Ahmad Lozi, Prime minister (1971–1973) ::*Zaid al-Rifai, Prime minister (1973–1976) ::*Mudar Badran, Prime minister (1976–1979) ::*Abdelhamid Sharaf, Prime minister (1979–1980) ::*Kassim al-Rimawi, Prime minister (1980) ::*Mudar Badran, Prime minister (1980–1984) ::*Ahmad Obeidat, Prime minister (1984–1985) ::*Zaid al-Rifai, Prime minister (1985–1989) ::*Zaid ibn Shaker, Prime minister (1989) ::*Mudar Badran, Prime minister (1989–1991) ::*Taher al-Masri, Prime minister (1991) ::*Zaid ibn Shaker, Prime minister (1991–1993) ::*Abdelsalam al-Majali, Prime minister (1993–1995) ::*Zaid ibn Shaker, Prime minister (1995–1996) ::*Abdul Karim al-Kabariti, Prime minister (1996–1997) ::*Abdelsalam al-Majali, Prime minister (1997–1998) ::*Fayez al-Tarawneh, Prime minister (1998–1999) ::*Abdelraouf al-Rawabdeh, Prime minister (1999–2000) ::*Ali Abu al-Ragheb, Prime minister (2000–2003) ''Kuwait'' *Sheikhdom of Kuwait (List of emirs of Kuwait, complete list) – :*Abdullah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Abdullah III, Sheikh (1950–1961), Emir (1961–1965) *State of Kuwait :*Monarchs (List of emirs of Kuwait, complete list) – ::*Abdullah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Abdullah III, Sheikh (1950–1961), Emir (1961–1965) ::*Sabah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Sabah III, Emir (1965–1977) ::*Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Jaber III, Emir (1977–2006) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Kuwait, complete list) – ::*Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Abdullah Al-Salim, Prime minister (1962–1963) ::*Sabah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Sabah Al-Salim, Prime minister (1963–1965) ::*Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, Jaber Al-Ahmad, Prime minister (1965–1978) ::*Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Saad Al-Abdullah, Prime minister (1978–2003) ''Lebanon'' *Lebanon :*President of Lebanon, Presidents (List of presidents of Lebanon, complete list) – ::*Bechara El Khoury, President (1943–1952) ::*Fuad Chehab, Acting President (1952) ::*Camille Chamoun, President (1952–1958) ::*Fuad Chehab, President (1958–1964) ::*Charles Helou, President (1964–1970) ::*Suleiman Frangieh, President (1970–1976) ::*Elias Sarkis, President (1976–1982) ::*Amine Gemayel, President (1982–1988) ::*Selim Hoss, Acting President, Disputed (1988–1989) ::*Michel Aoun, Acting President, Disputed (1988–1990) ::*René Moawad, President, Disputed (1989) ::*Selim Hoss, Acting President (1989) ::*Elias Hrawi, President (1989–1998) ::*Émile Lahoud, President (1998–2007) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Lebanon, complete list) – ::*Riad Al Solh, Prime minister (1946–1951) ::*Hussein Al Oweini, Prime minister (1951) ::*Abdallah El-Yafi, Prime minister (1951–1952) ::*Sami as-Solh, Prime minister (1952) ::*Nazem Akkari, Prime minister (1952) ::*Saeb Salam, Prime minister (1952) ::*Abdallah El-Yafi, Prime minister (1952) ::*Khaled Chehab, Prime minister (1952–1953) ::*Saeb Salam, Prime minister (1953) ::*Abdallah El-Yafi, Prime minister (1953–1954) ::*Sami as-Solh, Prime minister (1954–1955) ::*Rashid Karami, Prime minister (1955–1956) ::*Abdallah El-Yafi, Prime minister (1956) ::*Sami as-Solh, Prime minister (1956–1958) ::*Khalil al-Hibri, Prime minister (1958) ::*Rashid Karami, Prime minister (1958–1960) ::*Ahmad Daouk, Prime minister (1960) ::*Saeb Salam, Prime minister (1960–1961) ::*Rashid Karami, Prime minister (1961–1964) ::*Hussein Al Oweini, Prime minister (1964–1965) ::*Rashid Karami, Prime minister (1965–1966) ::*Abdallah El-Yafi, Prime minister (1966) ::*Rashid Karami, Prime minister (1966–1968) ::*Abdallah El-Yafi, Prime minister (1968–1969) ::*Rashid Karami, Prime minister (1969–1970) ::*Saeb Salam, Prime minister (1970–1973) ::*Amin al-Hafez (Lebanon), Amin al-Hafez, Prime minister (1973) ::*Takieddin el-Solh, Prime minister (1973–1974) ::*Rachid Solh, Prime minister (1974–1975) ::*Nureddine Rifai, Prime minister (1975) ::*Rashid Karami, Prime minister (1975–1976) ::*Selim Hoss, Prime minister (1976–1980) ::*Takieddin el-Solh, Prime minister (1980) ::*Shafik Wazzan, Prime minister (1980–1984) ::*Rashid Karami, Prime minister (1984–1987) ::*Selim Hoss, Prime minister (1987–1990) ::*Michel Aoun, Disputed Prime minister (1988–1990) ::*Omar Karami, Prime minister (1990–1992) ::*Rachid Solh, Prime minister (1992) ::*Rafic Hariri, Prime minister (1992–1998) ::*Selim Hoss, Prime minister (1998–2000) ::*Rafic Hariri, Prime minister (2000–2004) ''Oman'' *Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (List of rulers of Oman, complete list) – :*Said bin Taimur, Said III, Sultan (1932–1970) *Sultanate of Oman: House of Al Said, Al Busaidi dynasty (List of rulers of Oman, complete list) – :*Qaboos bin Said, Sultan (1970–2020) ''Palestine'' *State of Palestine (President of the State of Palestine, complete list) – ::*Yasser Arafat, President (1994–2004) ''Qatar'' *Qatar :*Emirs (List of emirs of Qatar, complete list) – ::*Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani, Emir (1949–1960) ::*Ahmad bin Ali Al Thani, Emir (1960–1972) ::*Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir (1972–1995) ::*Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir (1995–2013) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Qatar, complete list) – ::*Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Khalifa bin Hamad, Prime minister (1970–1995) ::*Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Hamad bin Khalifa, Prime minister (1995–1996) ::*Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani, Abdullah bin Khalifa, Prime minister (1996–2007) ''Saudi Arabia'' *Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (List of rulers of Saudi Arabia, complete list) – :*Ibn Saud, Emir (1902–1921), Sultan (1921–1932), King of Saudi Arabia, King (1932–1953) :*Saud of Saudi Arabia, Saud, King (1953–1964) :*Faisal of Saudi Arabia, Faisal, King (1964–1975) :*Khalid of Saudi Arabia, Khalid, King (1975–1982) :*Fahd of Saudi Arabia, Fahd, King (1982–2005) ''Syria'' *Second Syrian Republic :*President of Syria, Presidents (List of presidents of Syria, complete list) – ::*Hashim al-Atassi, President (1949–1951) ::*Adib Shishakli, Acting President (1951) ::*Fawzi Selu, President (1951–1953) ::*Adib Shishakli, President (1953–1954) ::*Maamun al-Kuzbari, Acting President (1954) ::*Hashim al-Atassi, President (1954–1955) ::*Shukri al-Quwatli, President (1955–1958) :*Prime Minister of Syria, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Syria, complete list) – ::*Nazim al-Kudsi, Prime minister (1950–1951) ::*Khalid al-Azm, Prime minister (1951) ::*Hassan al-Hakim, Prime minister (1951) ::*Zaki al-Khatib, Prime minister (1951) ::*Maarouf al-Dawalibi, Prime minister (1951) ::*Fawzi Selu, Prime minister (1951–1953) ::*Adib Shishakli, Prime minister (1953–1954) ::*Sabri al-Asali, Prime minister (1954) ::*Said al-Ghazzi, Prime minister (1954) ::*Fares al-Khoury, Prime minister (1954–1955) ::*Sabri al-Asali, Prime minister (1955) ::*Said al-Ghazzi, Prime minister (1955–1956) ::*Sabri al-Asali, Prime minister (1956–1958) *United Arab Republic (1958–1961) :*President of Syria, Presidents (List of presidents of Syria, complete list) – ::*Gamal Abdel Nasser, President (1958–1961) :*Prime Minister of Syria, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Syria, complete list) – ::*Nur al-Din Kahala, Prime minister (1958–1960) ::*Abdel Hamid al-Sarraj, Prime minister (1960–1961) *Syrian Arab Republic :*President of Syria, Presidents (List of presidents of Syria, complete list) – ::*Maamun al-Kuzbari, Acting President (1961) ::*Izzat al-Nuss, Acting President (1961) ::*Nazim al-Kudsi, President (1961–1963) ::*Lu'ay al-Atassi, President (1963) ::*Amin al-Hafiz, President (1963–1966) ::*Nureddin al-Atassi, President (1966–1970) ::*Ahmad al-Khatib, Acting President (1970–1971) ::*Hafez al-Assad, President (1971–2000) ::*Abdul Halim Khaddam, Acting President (2000) ::*Bashar al-Assad, President (2000–present) :*Prime Minister of Syria, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Syria, complete list) – ::*Maamun al-Kuzbari, Prime minister (1961) ::*Izzat al-Nuss, Prime minister (1961) ::*Maarouf al-Dawalibi, Prime minister (1961–1962) ::*Bashir al-Azma, Prime minister (1962) ::*Khalid al-Azm, Prime minister (1962–1963) ::*Salah al-Din al-Bitar, Prime minister (1963) ::*Amin al-Hafiz, Prime minister (1963–1964) ::*Salah al-Din al-Bitar, Prime minister (1964) ::*Amin al-Hafiz, Prime minister (1964–1965) ::*Yusuf Zuayyin, Prime minister (1965) ::*Salah al-Din al-Bitar, Prime minister (1966) ::*Yusuf Zuaiyin, Prime minister (1966–1968) ::*Nureddin al-Atassi, Prime minister (1968–1970) ::*Hafez al-Assad, Prime minister (1970–1971) ::*Abdul Rahman Khleifawi, Prime minister (1971–1972) ::*Mahmoud al-Ayyubi, Prime minister (1972–1976) ::*Abdul Rahman Khleifawi, Prime minister (1976–1978) ::*Muhammad Ali al-Halabi, Prime minister (1978–1980) ::*Abdul Rauf al-Kasm, Prime minister (1980–1987) ::*Mahmoud Zuabi, Prime minister (1987–2000) ::*Muhammad Mustafa Mero, Prime minister (2000–2003) ''Turkey'' *Republic of Turkey :*President of Turkey, Presidents (List of presidents of Turkey, complete list) – ::*Celâl Bayar, President (1950–1960) ::*Cemal Gürsel, Chairman (1960–1961), President (1961–1966) ::*Cevdet Sunay, President (1966–1973) ::*Fahri Korutürk, President (1973–1980) ::*Kenan Evren, Chairman (1980–1982), President (1982–1989) ::*Turgut Özal, President (1989–1993) ::*Süleyman Demirel, President (1993–2000) ::*Ahmet Necdet Sezer, President (2000–2007) :*Prime Minister of Turkey, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Turkey, complete list) – ::*Adnan Menderes, Prime minister (1950–1960) ::*Cemal Gürsel, Prime minister (1960–1961) ::*Fahri Özdilek, Acting Prime minister (1961) ::*İsmet İnönü, Prime minister (1961–1965) ::*Suat Hayri Ürgüplü, Prime minister (1965) ::*Süleyman Demirel, Prime minister (1965–1971) ::*Nihat Erim, Prime minister (1971–1972) ::*Ferit Melen, Prime minister (1972–1973) ::*Naim Talu, Prime minister (1973–1974) ::*Bülent Ecevit, Prime minister (1974) ::*Sadi Irmak, Prime minister (1974–1975) ::*Süleyman Demirel, Prime minister (1975–1977) ::*Bülent Ecevit, Prime minister (1977) ::*Süleyman Demirel, Prime minister (1977–1978) ::*Bülent Ecevit, Prime minister (1978–1979) ::*Süleyman Demirel, Prime minister (1979–1980) ::*Bülent Ulusu, Prime minister (1980–1983) ::*Turgut Özal, Prime minister (1983–1989) ::*Ali Bozer, Acting Prime minister (1989) ::*Yıldırım Akbulut, Prime minister (1989–1991) ::*Mesut Yılmaz, Prime minister (1991) ::*Süleyman Demirel, Prime minister (1991–1993) ::*Erdal İnönü, Acting Prime minister (1993) ::*Tansu Çiller, Prime minister (1993–1996) ::*Mesut Yılmaz, Prime minister (1996) ::*Necmettin Erbakan, Prime minister (1996–1997) ::*Mesut Yılmaz, Prime minister (1997–1999) ::*Bülent Ecevit, Prime minister (1999–2002) ''United Arab Emirates'' *Emirate of Abu Dhabi – :*Shakhbut bin Sultan Al Nahyan, ruler (1928–1966) :*Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, ruler (1966–2004) *Emirate of Dubai – :*Saeed bin Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum, ruler (1912–1958) :*Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, ruler (1958–1990) *Emirate of Sharjah – :*Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi II, ruler (1924–1951) :*Saqr bin Sultan Al Qasimi, ruler (1951–1965) :*Khalid bin Mohammed Al Qasimi, ruler (1965–1972) *Emirate of Ajman – :*Rashid bin Humaid Al Nuaimi III, ruler (1928–1981) *Umm Al Quwain – :*Ahmad bin Rashid Al Mualla, ruler (1929–1981) *Emirate of Fujairah – :*Mohammed bin Hamad Al Sharqi, ruler (1938–1975) *Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah – :*Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi, ruler (1948–2010) *United Arab Emirates :*Presidents (President of the United Arab Emirates, complete list) – ::*Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President (1971–2004) :*Prime ministers (prime minister of the United Arab Emirates, complete list) – ::*Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime minister (1971–1979) ::*Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Prime minister (1979–1990) ::*Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime minister (1990–2006) ''Yemen: North'' *North Yemen: Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen :*Kings (List of heads of state of Yemen#Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1970), complete list) – ::*Ahmad bin Yahya, King (1948–1962) ::*Muhammad al-Badr, King (1962) :*Prime Minister of Yemen, Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Yemen, complete list) – ::*Hassan ibn Yahya, Prime minister (1948–1955) *North Yemen: Yemen Arab Republic :*President of the Yemen Arab Republic, Heads of State (List of heads of state of Yemen#Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990), complete list) – ::*Abdullah al-Sallal, President (1962–1967) ::*Abdul Rahman al-Eryani, Chairman (1967–1974) ::*Ibrahim al-Hamdi, President (1974–1977) ::*Ahmad al-Ghashmi, President (1977–1978) ::*Abdul Karim Abdullah al-Arashi, Chairman (1978) ::*Ali Abdullah Saleh, President (1978–1990) :*Prime Minister of the Yemen Arab Republic, Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Yemen#Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990), complete list) – ::*Abdullah al-Sallal, Prime minister (1962–1963) ::*Abdul Latif Dayfallah, Prime minister (1963) ::*Abdul Rahman al-Iryani, Prime minister (1963–1964) ::*Hassan al-Amri, Prime minister (1964) ::*Hamoud al-Gayifi, Prime minister (1964–1965) ::*Hassan al-Amri, Prime minister (1965) ::*Ahmad Muhammad Numan, Prime minister (1965) ::*Abdullah al-Sallal, Prime minister (1965) ::*Hassan al-Amri, Prime minister (1965–1966) ::*Abdullah al-Sallal, Prime minister (1966–1967) ::*Mohsin Ahmad al-Aini, Prime minister (1967) ::*Hassan al-Amri, Prime minister (1967–1969) ::*Abdul Salam Sabrah, Acting Prime minister (1969) ::*Mohsin Ahmad al-Aini, Prime minister (1969) ::*Abdullah Kurshumi, Prime minister (1969–1970) ::*Mohsin Ahmad al-Aini, Prime minister (1970–1971) ::*Abdul Salam Sabrah, Acting Prime minister (1971) ::*Ahmad Muhammad Numan, Prime minister (1971) ::*Hassan al-Amri, Prime minister (1971) ::*Abdul Salam Sabrah, Acting Prime minister (1971) ::*Mohsin Ahmad al-Aini, Prime minister (1971–1972) ::*Kadhi Abdullah al-Hagri, Prime minister (1972–1974) ::*Hassan Muhammad Makki, Prime minister (1974) ::*Mohsin Ahmad al-Aini, Prime minister (1974–1975) ::*Abdul Latif Dayfallah, Acting Prime minister (1975) ::*Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime minister (1975–1980) ::*Abd Al-Karim Al-Iryani, Prime minister (1980–1983) ::*Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime minister (1983–1990) ''Yemen: South'' *Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom (Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom#Sheikhs, complete list) – :*Muhsin ibn Farid al-Yaslami al-`Awlaqi, Amir (1902–1959) :*`Abd Allah ibn Muhsin al-Yaslami al-`Awlaqi, Amir (1959–1967) *Upper Aulaqi Sultanate (Upper Aulaqi Sultanate#Sultans, complete list) – *Wahidi Balhaf of Ba´l Haf and `Azzan (Wahidi Balhaf#Wahidi Sultanate of `Azzan, complete list) – :*Nasir ibn `Abd Allah al-Wahidi, Sultan (1948–1967) :*`Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Sa`id al-Wahidi, Regent (1967) :*`Awad ibn Salih al-`Awlaqi, Sultan (1935–1967) *Emirate of Dhala (Emirate of Beihan#Emirs, complete list) – :*`Ali ibn `Ali al-`Amiri, Emir (1947–1954) :*Shafa`ul ibn `Ali al-`Amiri, Emir (1954–1967) *Wahidi Haban (Wahidi Haban#Sultans, complete list) – :*al-Husayn ibn `Abd Allah al-Wahidi, Sultan (1962), Subordinate ruler (1962–1967) *Kathiri State of Seiyun – :*al-Husain ibn 'Ali al-Kathir, Sultan (1949–1967) *Lower Yafa – :*Aydarus ibn Muhsin al-Afifi, ruler (1925–1958) :*Mahmud ibn Aydarus al-Afifi, ruler (1958–1967) *Upper Yafa – :*Muhammad ibn Salih ibn `Umar Al Harhara, Sultan (1948–1967) *Sultanate of Lahej – :*al-Fadl V ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-'Abdali, Sultan (1947–1952) :*'Ali III ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-'Abdali, Sultan (1952–1958) :*al-Fadl VI ibn 'Ali al-'Abdali, Sultan (1958–1967) *Mahra Sultanate – :*Ahmad ibn `Abd Allah Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (mid-20th century–1952) :*`Isa ibn `Ali ibn Salim Afrar al-Mahri, Sultan (1952–1967) *Colony of Aden ( complete list) – :''British Colony, 1937–1963'' :''For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *South Yemen, South Yemen: People's Democratic Republic of Yemen :*General Secretary (List of leaders of South Yemen#Heads of Party, complete list) – ::*Abdul Fattah Ismail, President (1978–1980) ::*Ali Nasir Muhammad, President (1980–1986) ::*Ali Salem al Beidh, President (1986–1990) :*Heads of state (List of leaders of South Yemen#Heads of State, complete list) – ::*Qahtan Muhammad al-Shaabi, President (1967–1969) ::*Salim Rubai Ali, Chairmen (1969–1978) ::*Ali Nasir Muhammad, Chairmen (1978) ::*Abdul Fattah Ismail, Chairmen (1978–1980) ::*Ali Nasir Muhammad, Chairmen (1980–1986) ::*Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Chairmen (1986–1990) :*Prime ministers (List of leaders of South Yemen#Heads of Government, complete list) – ::*Faysal al-Shaabi, Prime minister (1969) ::*Muhammad Ali Haitham, Prime minister (1969–1971) ::*Ali Nasir Muhammad, Prime minister (1971–1985) ::*Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Prime minister (1985–1986) ::*Yasin Said Numan, Prime minister (1986–1990) Yemen: United *Republic of Yemen :*President of Yemen, Presidents (List of heads of state of Yemen, complete list) – ::*Ali Abdullah Saleh, Chairman of the Presidential Council (1990–1994), president (1994–2012) :*Prime Minister of Yemen, Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Yemen, complete list) – ::*Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Prime minister (1990–1994) ::*Muhammad Said al-Attar, Acting Prime minister (1994) ::*Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime minister (1994–1997) ::*Faraj Said Bin Ghanem, Prime minister (1997–1998) ::*Abd Al-Karim Al-Iryani, Prime minister (1998–2001)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

''Albania'' *People's Socialist Republic of Albania :*First Secretaries (Party of Labour of Albania#First Secretaries of the Party of Labour of Albania, complete list) – ::*Enver Hoxha, First Secretary (1941–1985): Democratic Government of Albania (1944–1946) ::*Ramiz Alia, First Secretary (1985–1991) :*Chairman (List of heads of state of Albania, complete list) – ::*Omer Nishani, Chairman (1944–1953): Democratic Government of Albania (1944–1946) ::*Haxhi Lleshi, Chairman (1953–1982) ::*Ramiz Alia, Chairman (1982–1991) :*Prime Minister of Albania, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Albania, complete list) – ::*Enver Hoxha, Prime minister (1944–1954): Democratic Government of Albania (1944–1946) ::*Mehmet Shehu, Prime minister (1954–1981) ::*Adil Çarçani, Prime minister (1981–1991) *Republic of Albania :*President of Albania, President (List of heads of state of Albania, complete list) – ::*Ramiz Alia, President (1991–1992) ::*Kastriot Islami, Acting President (1992) ::*Pjetër Arbnori, Arbnori, Acting President (1992) ::*Sali Berisha, Berisha, President (1992–1997) ::*Skënder Gjinushi, Gjinushi, Acting President (1997) ::*Rexhep Meidani, President (1997–2002) :*Prime Minister of Albania, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Albania, complete list) – ::*Fatos Nano, Prime minister (1991) ::*Ylli Bufi, Prime minister (1991) ::*Vilson Ahmeti, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Aleksandër Meksi, Prime minister (1992–1997) ::*Bashkim Fino, Prime minister (1997) ::*Fatos Nano, Prime minister (1997–1998) ::*Pandeli Majko, Prime minister (1998–1999) ::*Ilir Meta, Prime minister (1999–2002) ''Bulgaria'' *People's Republic of Bulgaria :*General Secretary (List of heads of state of Bulgaria#General Secretaries of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1946–1990), complete list) – ::*Valko Chervenkov, General Secretary (1949–1954) ::*Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary (1954–1989) ::*Petar Mladenov, General Secretary (1989–1990) :*President of Bulgaria, Presidents (List of heads of state of Bulgaria#People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946–1990), complete list) – ::*Georgi Damyanov, Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly (1950–1958) ::*Dimitar Ganev, Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly (1958–1964) ::*Georgi Traykov, Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly (1964–1971) ::*Todor Zhivkov, Chairman of the State Council (1971–1990), president (1990) ::*Petar Mladenov, President (1990) :*Prime Minister of Bulgaria, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Bulgaria, complete list) – ::*Vulko Chervenkov, Prime minister (1950–1956) ::*Anton Yugov, Prime minister (1956–1962) ::*Todor Zhivkov, Prime minister (1962–1971) ::*Stanko Todorov, Prime minister (1971–1981) ::*Grisha Filipov, Prime minister (1981–1986) ::*Georgi Atanasov (politician), Georgi Atanasov, Prime minister (1986–1990) ::*Andrey Lukanov, Prime minister (1990) *Republic of Bulgaria :*President of Bulgaria, Presidents (List of heads of state of Bulgaria, complete list) – ::*Zhelyu Zhelev, Chairman (1990–1992), President (1992–1997) ::*Petar Stoyanov, President (1997–2002) :*Prime Minister of Bulgaria, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Bulgaria, complete list) – ::*Andrey Lukanov, Prime minister (1990) ::*Dimitar Iliev Popov, Prime minister (1990) ::*Philip Dimitrov, Prime minister (1990–1992) ::*Lyuben Berov, Prime minister (1992–1994) ::*Reneta Indzhova, Interim Prime minister (1994–1995) ::*Zhan Videnov, Prime minister (1995–1997) ::*Stefan Sofiyanski, Interim Prime minister (1997) ::*Ivan Yordanov Kostov, Prime minister (1997–2001) ''Cyprus'' *Turkish Federated State of Cyprus (List of prime ministers of Northern Cyprus, complete list) – ::*Nejat Konuk, Prime minister (1976–1978, 1983–1985) ::*Osman Örek, Prime minister (1978) ::*Mustafa Çağatay, Prime minister (1978–1983) *Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus :*Presidents (President of Northern Cyprus#List, complete list) – ::*Rauf Denktaş, President (1983–2005) :*Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Northern Cyprus, complete list) – ::*Mustafa Çağatay, Prime minister (1978–1983) ::*Nejat Konuk, Prime minister (1976–1978, 1983–1985) ::*Derviş Eroğlu, Prime minister (1985–1994, 1996–2004, 2009–2010)) ::*Hakkı Atun, Prime minister (1994–1996) ''Greece'' *Kingdom of Greece: 4th of August Regime :*List of kings of Greece, Monarchy (List of heads of state of Greece, complete list) – ::*Paul of Greece, Paul, King (1947–1964) ::*Constantine II of Greece, Constantine II, King (1964–1973) :*Prime Minister of Greece, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Greece, complete list) – ::*Sofoklis Venizelos, Prime minister (1950–1951) ::*Nikolaos Plastiras, Prime minister (1951–1952) ::*Dimitrios Kiousopoulos, caretaker Prime minister (1952) ::*Alexander Papagos, Prime minister (1952–1955) ::*Konstantinos Karamanlis, Prime minister (1955–1958) ::*Konstantinos Georgakopoulos, caretaker Prime minister (1958) ::*Konstantinos Karamanlis, Prime minister (1958–1961) ::*Konstantinos Dovas, Prime minister (1961) ::*Konstantinos Karamanlis, Prime minister (1961–1963) ::*Panagiotis Pipinelis, Prime minister (1963) ::*Stylianos Mavromichalis, caretaker Prime minister (1963) ::*Georgios Papandreou, prime minister (1963) ::*Ioannis Paraskevopoulos, caretaker Prime minister (1963–1964) ::*Georgios Papandreou, Prime minister (1964–1965) ::*Georgios Athanasiadis-Novas, Prime minister (1965) ::*Ilias Tsirimokos, Prime minister (1965) ::*Stefanos Stefanopoulos, Prime minister (1965–1966) ::*Ioannis Paraskevopoulos, Interim Prime minister (1966–1967) ::*Panagiotis Kanellopoulos, caretaker Prime minister (1967) *Greek military junta of 1967–1974, Military junta of Greece (1967–1974) :*Heads of state (List of heads of state of Greece, complete list) – ::*Georgios Zoitakis, Regent (1967–1972) ::*Georgios Papadopoulos, Regent (1972–1973), President (1973) ::*Phaedon Gizikis, President (1973–1974) :*Heads of government (List of prime ministers of Greece, complete list) – ::*Konstantinos Kollias, Prime minister (1967) ::*Georgios Papadopoulos, Prime minister (1967–1973) ::*Spyros Markezinis, Prime minister (1973) ::*Adamantios Androutsopoulos, Prime minister (1973–1974) *Greece: Third Hellenic Republic, Third Republic :*President of Greece, Presidents (List of heads of state of Greece, complete list) – ::*Michail Stasinopoulos, President (1974–1975) ::*Konstantinos Tsatsos, President (1975–1980) ::*Konstantinos Karamanlis, President (1980–1985) ::*Ioannis Alevras, Acting President (1985) ::*Christos Sartzetakis, President (1985–1990) ::*Konstantinos Karamanlis, President (1990–1995) ::*Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President (1995–2005) :*Prime Minister of Greece, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Greece, complete list) – ::*Konstantinos Karamanlis, Prime minister (1974–1980) ::*Georgios Rallis, Prime minister (1980–1981) ::*Andreas Papandreou, Prime minister (1981–1989) ::*Tzannis Tzannetakis, Prime minister (1989) ::*Ioannis Grivas, caretaker Prime minister (1989) ::*Xenophon Zolotas, caretaker Prime minister (1989–1990) ::*Konstantinos Mitsotakis, Prime minister (1990–1993) ::*Andreas Papandreou, Prime minister (1993–1996) ::*Costas Simitis, Prime minister (1996–2004) ''Kosovo'' *Republic of Kosova :*Presidents (President of Kosovo#Republic of Kosova (recognised only by Albania), complete list) – ::*Ibrahim Rugova, President (1992–1999) :*Prime ministers (prime minister of Kosovo#Republic of Kosova (recognised only by Albania), complete list) – ::*Jusuf Zejnullahu, Prime minister (1990–1991) ::*Bujar Bukoshi, Prime minister (1991–2000) ::*Hashim Thaçi, Interim Prime minister (1999–2000) ''Yugoslavia: Serbia & Yugoslavia'' *Yugoslavia: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia :*General Secretary (General Secretary of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, complete list) – ::*Josip Broz Tito, General Secretary (1945–1964), President of the Presidium (1964–1980) ::*Stevan Doronjski, President of the Presidium (1980) ::*Lazar Mojsov, President of the Presidium (1980–1981) ::*Dušan Dragosavac, President of the Presidium (1981–1982) ::*Mitja Ribičić, President of the Presidium (1982–1983) ::*Dragoslav Marković, President of the Presidium (1983–1984) ::*Ali Shukrija, President of the Presidium (1984–1985) ::*Vidoje Žarković, President of the Presidium (1985–1986) ::*Milanko Renovica, President of the Presidium (1986–1987) ::*Boško Krunić, President of the Presidium (1987–1988) ::*Stipe Šuvar, President of the Presidium (1988–1989) ::*Milan Pančevski, President of the Presidium (1989–1990) :*Presidents (List of heads of state of Yugoslavia, complete list) – ::*Ivan Ribar, President of the Presidency (1945–1953) ::*Josip Broz Tito, President (1953–1980) ::*Lazar Koliševski, President of the Presidency (1980) ::*Cvijetin Mijatović, President of the Presidency (1980–1981) ::*Sergej Kraigher, President of the Presidency (1981–1982) ::*Petar Stambolić, President of the Presidency (1982–1983) ::*Mika Špiljak, President of the Presidency (1983–1984) ::*Veselin Đuranović, President of the Presidency (1984–1985) ::*Radovan Vlajković, President of the Presidency (1985–1986) ::*Sinan Hasani, President of the Presidency (1986–1987) ::*Lazar Mojsov, President of the Presidency (1987–1988) ::*Raif Dizdarević, President of the Presidency (1988–1989) ::*Janez Drnovšek, President of the Presidency (1989–1990) ::*Borisav Jović, President of the Presidency (1990–1991) ::*Sejdo Bajramović, Acting President of the Presidency (1991) ::*Stjepan Mesić, President of the Presidency (1991) ::*Branko Kostić, Acting President of the Presidency (1991–1992) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Yugoslavia, complete list) – ::*Josip Broz Tito, Prime minister (1941–1963) ::*Petar Stambolić, Prime minister (1963–1967) ::*Mika Špiljak, Prime minister (1967–1969) ::*Mitja Ribičič, Prime minister (1969–1971) ::*Džemal Bijedić, Prime minister (1971–1977) ::*Veselin Đuranović, Prime minister (1977–1982) ::*Milka Planinc, Prime minister (1982–1986) ::*Branko Mikulić, Prime minister (1986–1989) ::*Ante Marković, Prime minister (1989–1991) ::*Aleksandar Mitrović (politician), Aleksandar Mitrović, Acting Prime minister (1991–1992) *Yugoslavia: Federal Republic of Yugoslavia/ Serbia and Montenegro :*Presidents (President of Serbia and Montenegro, complete list) – ::*Dobrica Ćosić, President (1992–1993) ::*Miloš Radulović, Acting President (1993) ::*Zoran Lilić, President (1993–1997) ::*Srđa Božović, Acting President (1997) ::*Slobodan Milošević, President (1997–2000) ::*Vojislav Koštunica, President (2000–2003) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro, complete list) – ::*Milan Panić, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Radoje Kontić, Prime minister (1993–1998) ::*Momir Bulatović, Prime minister (1998–2000) ::*Zoran Žižić, Prime minister (2000–2001) ''Yugoslavia: Bosnia and Herzegovina'' *Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina :*President (Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, complete list) – ::*Alija Izetbegović, President (1992–1997) :*Prime ministers (Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, complete list) – ::*Jure Pelivan, Prime minister (1992) ::*Mile Akmadžić, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Haris Silajdžić, Prime minister (1993–1996) ::*Hasan Muratović, Prime minister (1996–1997) *Bosnia and Herzegovina :*High Representatives (High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, complete list) – ::*Carl Bildt, High Representative (1995–1997) ::*Carlos Westendorp, High Representative (1997–1999) ::*Wolfgang Petritsch, High Representative (1999–2002) :*Presidency (Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, complete list) – ::*Chairmen of the Presidency (Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, complete list) – :::*Alija Izetbegović, Chairmen (1996–1998) :::*Živko Radišić, Chairmen (1998–1999) :::*Ante Jelavić, Chairmen (1999–2000) :::*Alija Izetbegović, Chairmen (2000) :::*Živko Radišić, Chairmen (2000–2001) ::*Bosniak members of the Presidency (List of Bosniak members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, complete list) – :::*Alija Izetbegović, Member (1996–2000) :::*Halid Genjac, Member (2000–2001) ::*Croat members of the Presidency (List of Croat members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, complete list) – :::*Krešimir Zubak, Member (1996–1998) :::*Ante Jelavić, Member (1998–2001) ::*Serb members of the Presidency (List of Serb members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, complete list) – :::*Momčilo Krajišnik, Member (1996–1998) :::*Živko Radišić, Member (1998–2002) :*Chairmen of the Council of Ministers (Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, complete list) – ::*Haris Silajdžić, Boro Bosić, Co-Chairmen (1997–1999) ::*Haris Silajdžić, Svetozar Mihajlović, Co-Chairmen (1999–2000) ::*Spasoje Tuševljak, Chairman (2000) ::*Martin Raguž, Chairman (2000–2001) *Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia – :*Fikret Abdić, Governor (1993–1995) ''Yugoslavia: Croatia'' *Republic of Croatia :*President of Croatia, Presidents (List of presidents of Croatia, complete list) – ::*Franjo Tuđman, President (1990–1999) ::*Vlatko Pavletić, Acting President (1999–2000) ::*Zlatko Tomčić, Acting President (2000) ::*Stjepan Mesić, President (2000–2010) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Croatia, complete list) – ::*Stjepan Mesić, Prime minister (1990) ::*Josip Manolić, Prime minister (1990–1991) ::*Franjo Gregurić, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Hrvoje Šarinić, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Nikica Valentić, Prime minister (1993–1995) ::*Zlatko Mateša, Prime minister (1995–2000) ::*Ivica Račan, Prime minister (2000–2003) *Republic of Serbian Krajina :*Presidents (Republic of Serbian Krajina#Presidents, complete list) – ::*Milan Babić, President (1991–1992) ::*Mile Paspalj, Acting President (1992–1992) ::*Goran Hadžić, President (1992–1994) ::*Milan Martić, President (1994–1995) :*Prime ministers (Republic of Serbian Krajina#prime ministers, complete list) – ::*Dušan Vještica, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Risto Matković, Acting Prime minister (1992–1992) ::*Zdravko Zečević, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Đorđe Bjegović, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Borislav Mikelić, Prime minister (1994–1995) ::*Milan Babić, Prime minister (1995–1995) *United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium – :''List of territories governed by the United Nations, United Nations protectorate, 1996–1998 '' ''Yugoslavia: Macedonia'' *North Macedonia, Republic of Macedonia :*Presidents (President of Macedonia, complete list) – ::*Kiro Gligorov, President (1991–1999) ::*Boris Trajkovski, President (1999–2004) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Macedonia, complete list) – ::*Nikola Kljusev, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Branko Crvenkovski, Prime minister (1992–1998) ::*Ljubčo Georgievski, Prime minister (1998–2002) ''Yugoslavia: Slovenia'' *Slovenia :*Presidents (President of Slovenia, complete list) – ::*Milan Kučan, President (1991–2002) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Slovenia, complete list) – ::*Lojze Peterle, Prime minister (1990–1992) ::*Janez Drnovšek, Prime minister (1992–2000) ::*Andrej Bajuk, Prime minister (2000) ::*Janez Drnovšek, Prime minister (2000–2002)

Europe: Baltic states

''Estonia'' *Republic of Estonia :*President of Estonia, Heads of state (Head of State of Estonia, complete list) – ::*Lennart Meri, President (1992–2001) :*Prime Minister of Estonia, Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Estonia, complete list) – ::*Otto Tief, Prime minister (1945–1963) ::*Edgar Savisaar, Acting Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Tiit Vähi, Acting Prime minister (1992) ::*Mart Laar, Prime minister (1992–1994) ::*Andres Tarand, Prime minister (1994–1995) ::*Tiit Vähi, Prime minister (1995–1997) ::*Mart Siimann, Prime minister (1997–1999) ::*Mart Laar, Prime minister (1999–2002) ''Latvia'' *Republic of Latvia :*Presidents (President of Latvia, complete list) – ::*Guntis Ulmanis, President (1993–1999) ::*Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President (1999–2007) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Latvia, complete list) – ::*Ivars Godmanis, Prime minister (1990–1993) ::*Valdis Birkavs, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Māris Gailis, Prime minister (1994–1995) ::*Andris Šķēle, Prime minister (1995–1997) ::*Guntars Krasts, Prime minister (1997–1998) ::*Vilis Krištopans, Prime minister (1998–1999) ::*Andris Šķēle, Prime minister (1999–2000) ::*Andris Bērziņš (Latvian prime minister), Andris Bērziņš, Prime minister (2000–2002) ''Lithuania'' *Republic of Lithuania :*Presidents (List of rulers of Lithuania, complete list) – ::*Vytautas Landsbergis, Chairman of the Supreme Council (1991–1992) ::*Algirdas Brazauskas, President (1992–1998) ::*Valdas Adamkus, President (1998–2003) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Lithuania, complete list) – ::*Kazimira Prunskienė, Prime minister (1990–1991) ::*Albertas Šimėnas, Prime minister (1991) ::*Gediminas Vagnorius, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Aleksandras Abišala, Prime minister (1992) ::*Bronislovas Lubys, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Adolfas Šleževičius, Prime minister (1993–1996) ::*Laurynas Stankevičius, Prime minister (1996) ::*Gediminas Vagnorius, Prime minister (1996–1999) ::*Irena Degutienė, Acting Prime minister (1999) ::*Rolandas Paksas, Prime minister (1999) ::*Irena Degutienė, Acting Prime minister (1999) ::*Andrius Kubilius, Prime minister (1999–2000) ::*Rolandas Paksas, Prime minister (2000–2001)

Europe: British Isles

''Ireland'' *Republic of Ireland :*Presidents (President of Ireland#List of presidents of Ireland, complete list) – ::*Seán T. O'Kelly, President (1945–1959) ::*Éamon de Valera, President (1959–1973) ::*Erskine Hamilton Childers, President (1973–1974) ::*Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh, President (1974–1976) ::*Patrick Hillery, President (1976–1990) ::*Mary Robinson, President (1990–1997) ::*Mary McAleese, President (1997–2011) :*Taoiseachs (Irish heads of government since 1919, complete list) – ::*John A. Costello, Taoiseach (1948–1951) ::*Éamon de Valera, Taoiseach (1951–1954) ::*John A. Costello, Taoiseach (1954–1957) ::*Éamon de Valera, Taoiseach (1957–1959) ::*Seán Lemass, Taoiseach (1959–1966) ::*Jack Lynch, Taoiseach (1966–1973) ::*Liam Cosgrave, Taoiseach (1973–1977) ::*Jack Lynch, Taoiseach (1977–1979) ::*Charles Haughey, Taoiseach (1979–1981) ::*Garret FitzGerald, Taoiseach (1981–1982) ::*Charles Haughey, Taoiseach (1982) ::*Garret FitzGerald, Taoiseach (1981–1987) ::*Charles Haughey, Taoiseach (1987–1992) ::*Albert Reynolds, Taoiseach (1992–1994) ::*John Bruton, Taoiseach (1994–1997) ::*Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach (1997–2008) ''United Kingdom'' *United Kingdom, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland :*Monarchy of the United Kingdom, Monarchs ( complete list) – ::*George VI, King (1936–1952) ::*

, Queen (1952–2022) :*Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom, complete list) – ::*Clement Attlee, Prime minister (1945–1951) ::*Winston Churchill, Prime minister (1951–1955) ::*Anthony Eden, Prime minister (1955–1957) ::*Harold Macmillan, Prime minister (1957–1963) ::*Alec Douglas-Home, Prime minister (1963–1964) ::*Harold Wilson, Prime minister (1964–1970) ::*Edward Heath, Prime minister (1970–1974) ::*Harold Wilson, Prime minister (1974–1976) ::*James Callaghan, Prime minister (1976–1979) ::*Margaret Thatcher, Prime minister (1979–1990) ::*John Major, Prime minister (1990–1997) ::*Tony Blair, Prime minister (1997–2007)

Europe: Central

''Austria'' *Austria :*President of Austria, Federal Presidents (List of Federal Presidents of Austria, complete list) – ::*Theodor Körner (Austrian president), Theodor Körner, President (1951–1957) ::*Adolf Schärf, President (1957–1965) ::*Franz Jonas, President (1965–1974) ::*Rudolf Kirchschläger, President (1974–1986) ::*Kurt Waldheim, President (1986–1992) ::*Thomas Klestil, President (1992–2004) :*Chancellor of Austria, Chancellors (List of Chancellors of Austria, complete list) – ::*Leopold Figl, Chancellor (1945–1953) ::*Julius Raab, Chancellor (1953–1961) ::*Alfons Gorbach, Chancellor (1961–1964) ::*Josef Klaus, Chancellor (1964–1970) ::*Bruno Kreisky, Chancellor (1970–1983) ::*Fred Sinowatz, Chancellor (1983–1986) ::*Franz Vranitzky, Chancellor (1986–1997) ::*Viktor Klima, Chancellor (1997–2000) ::*Wolfgang Schüssel, Chancellor (2000–2007) *Allied-occupied Austria :*American zone High Commissioners (List of administrators of Allied-occupied Austria#American zone, complete list) – ::*Walter J. Donnelly, High Commissioner (1950–1952) ::*Llewellyn Thompson, High Commissioner (1952–1955) :*British zone High Commissioners (List of administrators of Allied-occupied Austria#British zone, complete list) – ::*Harold Caccia, Baron Caccia, Harold Caccia, High Commissioner (1950–1954) ::*Geoffrey Wallinger, High Commissioner (1954–1955) :*French zone High Commissioners (List of administrators of Allied-occupied Austria#French zone, complete list) – ::*Antoine Béthouart, High Commissioner (1945–1955) ::*, High Commissioner (1950–1954) ::*, High Commissioner (1954–1955) ::*, High Commissioner (1955) ::*François Seydoux de Clausonne, High Commissioner (1955) :*Soviet zone Commanders (List of administrators of Allied-occupied Austria#Soviet zone, complete list) – ::*Vladimir Petrovich Sviridov, High Commissioner (1949–1953) ::*Ivan Ilyichev, High Commissioner (1953–1955) ''Czechoslovakia'' *Czechoslovak Socialist Republic :*General Secretaries (Communist Party of Czechoslovakia#Leaders, complete list) – ::*Klement Gottwald, General Secretary (1948–1953) ::*Antonín Novotny, General Secretary (1953–1968) ::*Alexander Dubček, General Secretary (1968–1969) ::*Gustáv Husák, General Secretary (1969–1987) ::*Miloš Jakeš, General Secretary (1987–1989) ::*Karel Urbánek, General Secretary (1989) :*President of Czechoslovakia, Presidents (List of presidents of Czechoslovakia, complete list) – ::*Klement Gottwald, President (1948–1953) ::*Antonín Zápotocký, President (1953–1957) ::*Antonín Novotný, President (1957–1968) ::*Ludvík Svoboda, President (1968–1975) ::*Gustáv Husák, President (1976–1989) :*Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia, complete list) – ::*Antonín Zápotocký, Prime minister (1948–1953) ::*Viliam Široký, Prime minister (1953–1963) ::*Jozef Lenárt, Prime minister (1963–1968) ::*Oldřich Černík, Prime minister (1968–1970) ::*Lubomír Štrougal, Prime minister (1970–1988) ::*Ladislav Adamec, Prime minister (1988–1989) *Czech and Slovak Federative Republic :*President of Czechoslovakia, Presidents (List of presidents of Czechoslovakia, complete list) – ::*Václav Havel, President (1989–1992) :*Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia, complete list) – ::*Marián Čalfa, Prime minister (1989–1992) ::*Jan Stráský, Prime minister (1992) *Czech Republic :*President of the Czech Republic, Presidents (List of presidents of the Czech Republic, complete list) – ::*Václav Havel, President (1993–2003) :*Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of the Czech Republic, complete list) – ::*Václav Klaus, Prime minister (1992–1998) ::*Josef Tošovský, Prime minister (1998) ::*Miloš Zeman, Prime minister (1998–2002) *Slovakia :*Presidents (President of Slovakia, complete list) – ::*Vladimír Mečiar, Acting President (1993) ::*Michal Kováč, President (1993–1999) ::*Rudolf Schuster, President (1999–2004) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Slovakia, complete list) – ::*Vladimír Mečiar, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Jozef Moravčík, Prime minister (1994) ::*Vladimír Mečiar, Prime minister (1994–1998) ::*Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime minister (1998–2006) ''Germany'' *Allied-occupied Germany :*High Commissioners (List of administrators of Allied-occupied Germany#American zone, complete list) – ::*John J. McCloy, High Commissioner (1949–1952) ::*Walter J. Donnelly, High Commissioner (1952) ::*Samuel Reber, High Commissioner (1952–1953) ::*James B. Conant, High Commissioner (1953–1955) :*High Commissioners (List of administrators of Allied-occupied Germany#British zone, complete list) – ::*Ivone Kirkpatrick, High Commissioner (1950–1953) ::*Frederick Millar, 1st Baron Inchyra, Frederick Millar, High Commissioner (1953–1955) :*High Commissioners (List of administrators of Allied-occupied Germany#French zone, complete list) – ::*André François-Poncet, High Commissioner (1949–1955) :*Commanders (List of administrators of Allied-occupied Germany#Soviet zone, complete list) – ::*Vasily Chuikov, Chief Administrator (1949), Chairman of Control Commission (1949–1953) ::*Vladimir Semyonov (diplomat), Vladimir Semyonov, High Commissioner (1953–1954) ::*Georgy Pushkin, High Commissioner (1954–1955) *East Germany :*General Secretaries (Leadership of East Germany#Leaders of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), complete list) – ::*Walter Ulbricht, General Secretary (1950–1953), First Secretary (1953–1971) ::*Erich Honecker, First Secretary (1971–1976), General Secretary (1976–1989) ::*Egon Krenz, General Secretary (1989) :*Heads of state (Leadership of East Germany#Heads of state, complete list) – ::*Wilhelm Pieck, President (1949–1960) ::*Walter Ulbricht, Chairmen of the State Council (1960–1973) ::*Willi Stoph, Chairmen of the State Council (1973–1976) ::*Erich Honecker, Chairmen of the State Council (1976–1989) ::*Egon Krenz, Chairmen of the State Council (1989) ::*Manfred Gerlach, Chairmen of the State Council (1989–1990) ::*Sabine Bergmann-Pohl, Presidents of the Volkskammer (1990) :*Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Leadership of East Germany#Heads of government, complete list) – ::*Otto Grotewohl, Chairman (1949–1964) ::*Willi Stoph, Chairman (1964–1973) ::*Horst Sindermann, Chairman (1973–1976) ::*Willi Stoph, Chairman (1976–1989) ::*Hans Modrow, Chairman (1989–1990) ::*Lothar de Maizière, Chairman (1990) *West Germany :*President of Germany, Presidents (List of German presidents, complete list) – ::*Theodor Heuss, President (1949–1959) ::*Heinrich Lübke, President (1959–1969) ::*Gustav Heinemann, President (1969–1974) ::*Walter Scheel, President (1974–1979) ::*Karl Carstens, President (1979–1984) ::*Richard von Weizsäcker, President of West Germany (1984–1990), President of reunified Germany (1990–1994) :*Chancellor of Germany, Chancellors (List of Chancellors of Germany, complete list) – ::*Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor (1945–1963) ::*Ludwig Erhard, Chancellor (1963–1966) ::*Kurt Georg Kiesinger, Chancellor (1966–1969) ::*Willy Brandt, Chancellor (1969–1974) ::*Helmut Schmidt, Chancellor (1974–1982) ::*Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of West Germany (1982–1990), Chancellor of reunified Germany (1990–1998) *Federal Republic of Germany :*President of Germany, Presidents (List of German presidents, complete list) – ::*Richard von Weizsäcker, President of West Germany (1984–1990), President of reunified Germany (1990–1994) ::*Roman Herzog, President (1994–1999) ::*Johannes Rau, President (1999–2004) :*Chancellor of Germany, Chancellors (List of Chancellors of Germany, complete list) – ::*Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of West Germany (1982–1990), Chancellor of reunified Germany (1990–1998) ::*Gerhard Schröder, Chancellor (1998–2005) ''Hungary'' *Hungarian People's Republic :*Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, General Secretaries (List of heads of state of Hungary#General Secretary of the Hungarian Working People's Party / Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, complete list) – ::*Mátyás Rákosi, General Secretary (1948–1956) ::*Ernő Gerő, General Secretary (1956) ::*János Kádár, General Secretary (1956–1988) ::*Károly Grósz, General Secretary (1988–1989) ::*Rezső Nyers, Party President (1989) :*President of Hungary, Chairmen of the Presidential Council (List of heads of state of Hungary, complete list) – ::*Sándor Rónai, Chairman (1950–1952) ::*István Dobi, Chairman (1952–1967) ::*Pál Losonczi, Chairman (1967–1987) ::*Károly Németh (politician), Károly Németh, Chairman (1987–1988) ::*Brunó Ferenc Straub, Chairman (1988–1989) :*Prime Minister of Hungary, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Hungary, complete list) – ::*István Dobi, Prime minister (1949–1952) ::*Mátyás Rákosi, Prime minister (1952–1953) ::*Imre Nagy, Prime minister (1953–1955) ::*András Hegedüs, Prime minister (1955–1956) ::*Imre Nagy, Prime minister (1956) ::*János Kádár, Prime minister (1956–1958) ::*Ferenc Münnich, Prime minister (1958–1961) ::*János Kádár, Prime minister (1961–1965) ::*Gyula Kállai, Prime minister (1965–1967) ::*Jenő Fock, Prime minister (1967–1975) ::*György Lázár, Prime minister (1975–1987) ::*Károly Grósz, Prime minister (1987–1988) ::*Miklós Németh, Prime minister (1988–1989) *Hungary: Third Republic :*President of Hungary, Presidents (List of heads of state of Hungary, complete list) – ::*Mátyás Szűrös, Acting President (1989–1990) ::*Árpád Göncz, President (1990–2000) ::*Ferenc Mádl, President (2000–2005) :*Prime Minister of Hungary, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Hungary, complete list) – ::*Miklós Németh, Provisional Prime minister (1989–1990) ::*József Antall, Prime minister (1990–1993) ::*Péter Boross, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Gyula Horn, Prime minister (1994–1998) ::*Viktor Orbán, Prime minister (1998–2002) ''Liechtenstein'' *Liechtenstein :*Monarchy of Liechtenstein, Sovereign Princes (List of monarchs of Liechtenstein, complete list) – ::*Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein, Franz Josef II, Prince (1938–1989) ::*Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein, Hans-Adam II, Prince (1989–present) :*Heads of government (List of heads of government of Liechtenstein, complete list) – ::*Alexander Frick, Prime minister (1945–1962) ::*Gerard Batliner, Prime minister (1962–1970) ::*Alfred Hilbe, Prime minister (1970–1974) ::*Walter Kieber, Prime minister (1974–1978) ::*Hans Brunhart, Prime minister (1978–1993) ::*Markus Büchel, Prime minister (1993) ::*Mario Frick (politician), Mario Frick, Prime minister (1993–2001) ''Poland'' *Polish People's Republic :*Party leaders (Polish United Workers' Party#Party leaders, complete list) – ::*Bolesław Bierut, General Secretary (1948–1956) ::*Edward Ochab, First Secretary (1956) ::*Władysław Gomułka, First Secretary (1956–1970) ::*Edward Gierek, First Secretary (1970–1980) ::*Stanisław Kania, First Secretary (1980–1981) ::*Wojciech Jaruzelski, First Secretary (1981–1989) ::*Mieczysław Rakowski, First Secretary (1989–1990) :*President of Poland, Chairman of the Council of State (List of heads of state of Poland, complete list) – ::*Bolesław Bierut, President (1947–1952) ::*Aleksander Zawadzki, Chairman (1952–1964) ::*Edward Ochab, Chairman (1964–1968) ::*Marian Spychalski, Chairman (1968–1970) ::*Józef Cyrankiewicz, Chairman (1970–1972) ::*Henryk Jabłoński, Chairman (1972–1985) ::*Wojciech Jaruzelski, Chairman (1985–1989), President (1989) :*Prime Minister of Poland, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Poland, complete list) – ::*Józef Cyrankiewicz, Prime minister (1947–1952) ::*Bolesław Bierut, Prime minister (1952–1954) ::*Józef Cyrankiewicz, Prime minister (1954–1970) ::*Piotr Jaroszewicz, Prime minister (1970–1980) ::*Edward Babiuch, Prime minister (1980) ::*Józef Pińkowski, Prime minister (1980–1981) ::*Wojciech Jaruzelski, Prime minister (1981–1985) ::*Zbigniew Messner, Prime minister (1985–1988) ::*Mieczysław Rakowski, Prime minister (1988–1989) ::*Czesław Kiszczak, Prime minister (1989) ::*Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Prime minister (1989–1991) *Republic of Poland :*President of Poland, Presidents (List of heads of state of Poland, complete list) – ::*Wojciech Jaruzelski, President (1989–1990) ::*Lech Wałęsa, President (1990–1995) ::*Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President (1995–2005) :*Prime Minister of Poland, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Poland, complete list) – ::*Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Prime minister (1989–1991) ::*Jan Krzysztof Bielecki, Prime minister (1991) ::*Jan Olszewski, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Waldemar Pawlak, Prime minister (1992) ::*Hanna Suchocka, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Waldemar Pawlak, Prime minister (1993–1995) ::*Józef Oleksy, Prime minister (1995–1996) ::*Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz, Prime minister (1996–1997) ::*Jerzy Buzek, Prime minister (1997–2001) ''Switzerland'' *Switzerland (List of presidents of the Swiss Confederation, complete list) – :*Eduard von Steiger, President of the Confederation (1951) :*Karl Kobelt, President of the Confederation (1952) :*Philipp Etter, President of the Confederation (1953) :*Rodolphe Rubattel, President of the Confederation (1954) :*Max Petitpierre, President of the Confederation (1955) :*Markus Feldmann, President of the Confederation (1956) :*Hans Streuli, President of the Confederation (1957) :*Thomas Holenstein, President of the Confederation (1958) :*Paul Chaudet, President of the Confederation (1959) :*Max Petitpierre, President of the Confederation (1960) :*Friedrich Traugott Wahlen, President of the Confederation (1961) :*Paul Chaudet, President of the Confederation (1962) :*Willy Spühler, President of the Confederation (1963) :*Ludwig von Moos, President of the Confederation (1964) :*Hans-Peter Tschudi, President of the Confederation (1965) :*Hans Schaffner, President of the Confederation (1966) :*Roger Bonvin, President of the Confederation (1967) :*Willy Spühler, President of the Confederation (1968) :*Ludwig von Moos, President of the Confederation (1969) :*Hans-Peter Tschudi, President of the Confederation (1970) :*Rudolf Gnägi, President of the Confederation (1971) :*Nello Celio, President of the Confederation (1972) :*Roger Bonvin, President of the Confederation (1973) :*Ernst Brugger, President of the Confederation (1974) :*Pierre Graber, President of the Confederation (1975) :*Rudolf Gnägi, President of the Confederation (1976) :*Kurt Furgler, President of the Confederation (1977) :*Willi Ritschard, President of the Confederation (1978) :*Hans Hürlimann, President of the Confederation (1979) :*Georges-André Chevallaz, President of the Confederation (1980) :*Kurt Furgler, President of the Confederation (1981) :*Fritz Honegger, President of the Confederation (1982) :*Pierre Aubert, President of the Confederation (1983) :*Leon Schlumpf, President of the Confederation (1984) :*Kurt Furgler, President of the Confederation (1985) :*Alphons Egli, President of the Confederation (1986) :*Pierre Aubert, President of the Confederation (1987) :*Otto Stich, President of the Confederation (1988) :*Jean-Pascal Delamuraz, President of the Confederation (1989) :*Arnold Koller, President of the Confederation (1990) :*Flavio Cotti, President of the Confederation (1991) :*René Felber, President of the Confederation (1992) :*Adolf Ogi, President of the Confederation (1993) :*Otto Stich, President of the Confederation (1994) :*Kaspar Villiger, President of the Confederation (1995) :*Jean-Pascal Delamuraz, President of the Confederation (1996) :*Arnold Koller, President of the Confederation (1997) :*Flavio Cotti, President of the Confederation (1998) :*Ruth Dreifuss, President of the Confederation (1999) :*Adolf Ogi, President of the Confederation (2000)

Europe: East

''Belarus'' *Republic of Belarus :*President of Belarus, Heads of state (List of national leaders of Belarus#Republic of Belarus (1991–present), complete list) – ::*Stanislau Shushkevich, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (1991–1994) ::*Vyacheslav Nikolayevich Kuznetsov, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (1994) ::*Myechyslaw Hryb, Acting Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (1994) ::*Alexander Lukashenko, President (1994–present) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Belarus, complete list) – ::*Vyacheslav Kebich, Prime minister (1991–1994) ::*Mikhail Chigir, Prime minister (1994–1996) ::*Sergey Ling, Prime minister (1996–2000) ::*Vladimir Yermoshin, Prime minister (2000–2001) ''Moldova'' *Republic of Moldova :*President of Moldova, Presidents (President of Moldova#List of presidents of Moldova, complete list) – ::*Mircea Snegur, President (1990–1997) ::*Petru Lucinschi, President (1997–2001) :*Prime Minister of Moldova, Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Moldova#List of prime ministers of Moldova, complete list) – ::*Valeriu Muravschi, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Andrei Sangheli, Prime minister (1992–1997) ::*Ion Ciubuc, Prime minister (1997–1999) ::*Serafim Urechean, Acting Prime minister (1999) ::*Ion Sturza, Prime minister (1999) ::*Dumitru Braghiș, Prime minister (1999–2001) *Transnistria :*Heads of State (President of Transnistria#Head of State, complete list) – ::*Igor Smirnov (politician), Igor Smirnov, Chairman of the Provisional Supreme Soviet (1990), of the Republic (1990–1991) ::*Andrey Manoylov, Acting Chairman of the Republic (1991) ::*Igor Smirnov, Chairman of the Republic (1991), President (1991–2011) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Transnistria#List of prime ministers of Transnistria, complete list) – ::*Statnislav Moroz, Acting Prime minister (1990) ''Romania'' *Socialist Republic of Romania :*General Secretaries (Romanian Communist Party#General Secretaries (1921–1989), complete list) – ::*Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, General Secretary (1944–1954) ::*Gheorghe Apostol, General Secretary (1954–1955) ::*Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, General Secretary (1955–1965) ::*Nicolae Ceaușescu, General Secretary (1965–1989) :*President of Romania, Heads of state (List of heads of state of Romania, complete list) – ::*Constantin Ion Parhon, President of the Provisional Presidium (1947–1948), President of the Presidium (1948–1952) ::*Nicolae Ceaușescu, President of the State Council (1967–1974), President (1974–1989) :*Prime Minister of Romania, Presidents of the council of ministers (List of prime ministers of Romania, complete list) – ::*Petru Groza, Prime minister (1947–1952) ::*Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, Prime minister (1952–1955) ::*Chivu Stoica, Prime minister (1955–1961) ::*Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Prime minister (1961–1974) ::*Manea Mănescu, Prime minister (1974–1979) ::*Ilie Verdeț, Prime minister (1979–1982) ::*Constantin Dăscălescu, Prime minister (1982–1989) *Republic of Romania :*President of Romania, Presidents (List of heads of state of Romania, complete list) – ::*Ion Iliescu, President (1989–1996) ::*Emil Constantinescu, President (1996–2000) ::*Ion Iliescu, President (2000–2004) :*Prime Minister of Romania, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Romania, complete list) – ::*Petre Roman, Acting Prime minister (1989–1990), Prime minister (1990–1991) ::*Theodor Stolojan, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Nicolae Văcăroiu, Prime minister (1992–1996) ::*Victor Ciorbea, Prime minister (1996–1998) ::*Gavril Dejeu, Interim Prime minister (1998–1999) ::*Radu Vasile, Prime minister (1999) ::*Alexandru Athanasiu, Interim Prime minister (1999) ::*Mugur Isărescu, Prime minister (1999–2000) ::*Adrian Năstase, Prime minister (2000–2004) ''Russia'' *Soviet Union :*General Secretary (General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union#List of chief secretaries, complete list) – ::*Nikita Khrushchev, General Secretary (1953–1964) ::*Leonid Brezhnev, First Secretary (1964–1966), General Secretary (1966–1982) ::*Yuri Andropov, General Secretary (1982–1984) ::*Konstantin Chernenko, General Secretary (1984–1985) ::*Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary (1985–1991) :*Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, Heads of state (List of heads of state of the Soviet Union, complete list) – ::*Nikolay Shvernik, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1946–1953) ::*Kliment Voroshilov, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1953–1960) ::*Leonid Brezhnev, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1960–1964) ::*Anastas Mikoyan, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1964–1965) ::*Nikolai Podgorny, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1965–1977) ::*Leonid Brezhnev, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1977–1982) ::*Yuri Andropov, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1983–1984) ::*Konstantin Chernenko, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1984–1985) ::*Andrei Gromyko, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1985–1988) ::*Mikhail Gorbachev, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (1988–1990), president (1990–1991) :*Heads of governments (Premier of the Soviet Union, complete list) – ::*Joseph Stalin, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (1941–1946), Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1946–1953) ::*Georgy Malenkov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1953–1955) ::*Nikolai Bulganin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1955–1958) ::*Nikita Khrushchev, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1958–1964) ::*Alexei Kosygin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1964–1980) ::*Nikolai Tikhonov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1980–1985) ::*Nikolai Ryzhkov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1985–1991) ::*Valentin Pavlov, Prime minister (1991) ::*Ivan Silayev, Chairman of the Interstate Economic Committee (1991) *Russia :*President of Russia, Presidents (List of presidents of Russia, complete list) – ::*Boris Yeltsin, President (1991–1999) ::*Vladimir Putin, Acting President (1999–2000), President (2000–2008) :*Prime Minister of Russia, Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Russia, complete list) – ::*Boris Yeltsin, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Viktor Chernomyrdin, Prime minister (1992–1998) ::*Sergey Kiriyenko, Prime minister (1998) ::*Yevgeny Primakov, Prime minister (1998–1999) ::*Sergei Stepashin, Prime minister (1999) ::*Vladimir Putin, Prime minister (1999–2000) ::*Mikhail Kasyanov, Prime minister (2000–2004) *Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (President of Ichkeria, complete list) – :*Dzhokhar Dudayev, President (1991–1996) :*Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev, President (1996–1997) :*Aslan Maskhadov, President (1997–2000) ''Ukraine'' *Ukraine :*President of Ukraine, Presidents (List of presidents of Ukraine, complete list) – ::*Leonid Kravchuk, President (1991–1994) ::*Leonid Kuchma, President (1994–2005) :*Prime Minister of Ukraine, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Ukraine, complete list) – ::*Vitold Fokin, Acting Prime minister (1990–1991), Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Valentyn Symonenko, Acting Prime minister (1992) ::*Leonid Kuchma, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Yukhym Zvyahilsky, Acting Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Vitaliy Masol, Prime minister (1994–1995) ::*Yevhen Marchuk, Prime minister (1995–1996) ::*Pavlo Lazarenko, Prime minister (1996–1997) ::*Vasyl Durdynets, Acting Prime minister (1997) ::*Valeriy Pustovoitenko, Prime minister (1997–1999) ::*Viktor Yushchenko, Prime minister (1999–2001)

Europe: Nordic

''Denmark'' *Denmark :*Monarchy of Denmark, Monarchs (List of Danish monarchs, complete list) – ::*Frederick IX of Denmark, Frederik IX, King (1947–1972) ::*Margrethe II of Denmark, Margrethe II, Queen (1972–present) :*Prime Minister of Denmark, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Denmark, complete list) – ::*Erik Eriksen, Prime minister (1950–1953) ::*Hans Hedtoft, Prime minister (1953–1955) ::*H. C. Hansen, Prime minister (1955–1960) ::*Viggo Kampmann, Prime minister (1960–1962) ::*Jens Otto Krag, Prime minister (1962–1968) ::*Hilmar Baunsgaard, Prime minister (1968–1971) ::*Jens Otto Krag, Prime minister (1971–1972) ::*Anker Jørgensen, Prime minister (1972–1973) ::*Poul Hartling, Prime minister (1973–1975) ::*Anker Jørgensen, Prime minister (1975–1982) ::*Poul Schlüter, Prime minister (1982–1993) ::*Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Prime minister (1993–2001) ''Finland'' *Finland :*President of Finland, Presidents (List of presidents of Finland, complete list) – ::*Juho Kusti Paasikivi, President (1946–1956) ::*Urho Kekkonen, President (1956–1982) ::*Mauno Koivisto, President (1982–1994) ::*Martti Ahtisaari, President (1994–2000) ::*Tarja Halonen, President (2000–2012) :*Prime Minister of Finland, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Finland, complete list) – ::*Urho Kekkonen, Prime minister (1950–1953) ::*Sakari Tuomioja, Prime minister (1953–1954) ::*Ralf Törngren, Prime minister (1954) ::*Urho Kekkonen, Prime minister (1954–1956) ::*Karl-August Fagerholm, Prime minister (1956–1957) ::*V. J. Sukselainen, Prime minister (1957) ::*Rainer von Fieandt, Prime minister (1957) ::*Reino Kuuskoski, Prime minister (1957–1958) ::*Karl-August Fagerholm, Prime minister (1958–1959) ::*V. J. Sukselainen, Prime minister (1959–1961) ::*Martti Miettunen, Prime minister (1961–1962) ::*Ahti Karjalainen, Prime minister (1962–1963) ::*Reino Ragnar Lehto, Prime minister (1963–1964) ::*Johannes Virolainen, Prime minister (1964–1966) ::*Rafael Paasio, Prime minister (1966–1968) ::*Mauno Koivisto, Prime minister (1968–1970) ::*Teuvo Aura, Prime minister (1970) ::*Ahti Karjalainen, Prime minister (1970–1971) ::*Teuvo Aura, Prime minister (1971–1972) ::*Rafael Paasio, Prime minister (1972) ::*Kalevi Sorsa, Prime minister (1972–1975) ::*Keijo Liinamaa, Prime minister (1975) ::*Martti Miettunen, Prime minister (1975–1977) ::*Kalevi Sorsa, Prime minister (1977–1979) ::*Mauno Koivisto, Prime minister (1979–1982) ::*Kalevi Sorsa, Prime minister (1982–1987) ::*Harri Holkeri, Prime minister (1987–1991) ::*Esko Aho, Prime minister (1991–1995) ::*Paavo Lipponen, Prime minister (1995–2003) ''Iceland'' *Iceland :*Presidents (President of Iceland#List of presidents, complete list) – ::*Sveinn Björnsson, President (1944–1952) ::*Ásgeir Ásgeirsson, President (1952–1968) ::*Kristján Eldjárn, President (1968–1980) ::*Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President (1980–1996) ::*Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President (1996–2016) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Iceland, complete list) – ::*Steingrímur Steinþórsson, Prime minister (1950–1953) ::*Ólafur Thors, Prime minister (1953–1956) ::*Hermann Jónasson, Prime minister (1956–1958) ::*Emil Jónsson, Prime minister (1958–1959) ::*Ólafur Thors, Prime minister (1959–1963) ::*Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1908), Bjarni Benediktsson, Prime minister (1963–1970) ::*Jóhann Hafstein, Prime minister (1970–1971) ::*Ólafur Jóhannesson, Prime minister (1971–1974) ::*Geir Hallgrímsson, Prime minister (1974–1978) ::*Ólafur Jóhannesson, Prime minister (1978–1979) ::*Benedikt Sigurðsson Gröndal, Prime minister (1979–1980) ::*Gunnar Thoroddsen, Prime minister (1980–1983) ::*Steingrímur Hermannsson, Prime minister (1983–1987) ::*Þorsteinn Pálsson, Prime minister (1987–1988) ::*Steingrímur Hermannsson, Prime minister (1988–1991) ::*Davíð Oddsson, Prime minister (1991–2004) ''Norway'' *Norway :*Monarchy of Norway, Monarchs (List of Norwegian monarchs, complete list) – ::*Haakon VII of Norway, Haakon VII, King (1905–1957) ::*Olav V of Norway, Olav V, King (1957–1991) ::*Harald V of Norway, Harald V, King (1991–present) :*Prime Minister of Norway, Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Norway, complete list) – ::*Einar Gerhardsen, Prime minister (1945–1951) ::*Oscar Torp, Prime minister (1951–1955) ::*Einar Gerhardsen, Prime minister (1955–1963) ::*John Lyng, Prime minister (1963) ::*Einar Gerhardsen, Prime minister (1963–1965) ::*Per Borten, Prime minister (1965–1971) ::*Trygve Bratteli, Prime minister (1971–1972) ::*Lars Korvald, Prime minister (1972–1973) ::*Trygve Bratteli, Prime minister (1973–1976) ::*Odvar Nordli, Prime minister (1976–1981) ::*Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime minister (1981) ::*Kåre Willoch, Prime minister (1981–1986) ::*Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime minister (1986–1989) ::*Jan P. Syse, Prime minister (1989–1990) ::*Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime minister (1990–1996) ::*Thorbjørn Jagland, Prime minister (1996–1997) ::*Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime minister (1997–2000) ::*Jens Stoltenberg, Prime minister (2000–2001) ''Sweden'' *Sweden :*Monarchy of Sweden, Monarchs (List of Swedish monarchs, complete list) – ::*Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden, Gustaf VI Adolf, King (1950–1973) ::*Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, Carl XVI Gustaf, King (1973–present) :*Prime Minister of Sweden, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Sweden, complete list) – ::*Tage Erlander, Prime minister (1946–1969) ::*Olof Palme, Prime minister (1969–1976) ::*Thorbjörn Fälldin, Prime minister (1976–1978) ::*Ola Ullsten, Prime minister (1978–1979) ::*Thorbjörn Fälldin, Prime minister (1979–1982) ::*Olof Palme, Prime minister (1982–1986) ::*Ingvar Carlsson, Prime minister (1986–1991) ::*Carl Bildt, Prime minister (1991–1994) ::*Ingvar Carlsson, Prime minister (1994–1996) ::*Göran Persson, Prime minister (1996–2006)

Europe: Southcentral

''Italy'' *Italy :*President of Italy, Presidents (List of presidents of Italy, complete list) – ::*Luigi Einaudi, President (1948–1955) ::*Giovanni Gronchi, President (1955–1962) ::*Antonio Segni, President (1962–1964) ::*Giuseppe Saragat, President (1964–1971) ::*Giovanni Leone, President (1971–1978) ::*Sandro Pertini, President (1978–1985) ::*Francesco Cossiga, President (1985–1992) ::*Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, President (1992–1999) ::*Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President (1999–2006) :*Prime Minister of Italy, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Italy, complete list) – ::*Alcide De Gasperi, Prime minister (1946–1953) ::*Giuseppe Pella, Prime minister (1953–1954) ::*Amintore Fanfani, Prime minister (1954) ::*Mario Scelba, Prime minister (1954–1955) ::*Antonio Segni, Prime minister (1955–1957) ::*Adone Zoli, Prime minister (1957–1958) ::*Amintore Fanfani, Prime minister (1958–1959) ::*Antonio Segni, Prime minister (1959–1960) ::*Fernando Tambroni, Prime minister (1960) ::*Amintore Fanfani, Prime minister (1960–1963) ::*Giovanni Leone, Prime minister (1963) ::*Aldo Moro, Prime minister (1963–1968) ::*Giovanni Leone, Prime minister (1968) ::*Mariano Rumor, Prime minister (1968–1970) ::*Emilio Colombo, Prime minister (1970–1972) ::*Giulio Andreotti, Prime minister (1972–1973) ::*Mariano Rumor, Prime minister (1973–1974) ::*Aldo Moro, Prime minister (1974–1976) ::*Giulio Andreotti, Prime minister (1976–1979) ::*Francesco Cossiga, Prime minister (1979–1980) ::*Arnaldo Forlani, Prime minister (1980–1981) ::*Giovanni Spadolini, Prime minister (1981–1982) ::*Amintore Fanfani, Prime minister (1982–1983) ::*Bettino Craxi, Prime minister (1983–1987) ::*Amintore Fanfani, Prime minister (1987) ::*Giovanni Goria, Prime minister (1987–1988) ::*Ciriaco De Mita, Prime minister (1988–1989) ::*Giulio Andreotti, Prime minister (1989–1992) ::*Giuliano Amato, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Silvio Berlusconi, Prime minister (1994–1995) ::*Lamberto Dini, Prime minister (1995–1996) ::*Romano Prodi, Prime minister (1996–1998) ::*Massimo D'Alema, Prime minister (1998–2000) ::*Giuliano Amato, Prime minister (2000–2001) ''Malta'' *Crown Colony of Malta ( complete list) – :''British colony, 1813–1964'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *State of Malta :*Queen of Malta, Monarchs (List of heads of state of Malta, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1964–1974) :*Prime Minister of Malta, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Malta, complete list) – ::*Giorgio Borġ Olivier, Prime minister (1962–1971) ::*Dom Mintoff, Prime minister (1971–1984) *Republic of Malta :*President of Malta, Presidents (List of heads of state of Malta, complete list) – ::*Anthony Mamo, President (1974–1976) ::*Anton Buttigieg, President (1976–1981) ::*Albert Hyzler, Acting President (1981–1982) ::*Agatha Barbara, President (1982–1987) ::*Paul Xuereb, Acting President (1987–1989) ::*Ċensu Tabone, President (1989–1994) ::*Ugo Mifsud Bonnici, President (1994–1999) ::*Guido de Marco, President (1999–2004) :*Prime Minister of Malta, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Malta, complete list) – ::*Dom Mintoff, Prime minister (1971–1984) ::*Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici, Prime minister (1984–1987) ::*Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime minister (1987–1996) ::*Alfred Sant, Prime minister (1996–1998) ::*Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime minister (1998–2004) ''San Marino'' *San Marino :*Captains Regent (List of Captains Regent of San Marino, 1900–present) – ::*Marino Della Balda, Luigi Montironi, Captains Regent (1950–1951) ::*Alvaro Casali, Romolo Giacomini, Captains Regent (1951) ::*Domenico Forcellini, Giovanni Terenzi, Captains Regent (1951–1952) ::*Domenico Morganti, Mariano Ceccoli, Captains Regent (1952) ::*Arnaldo Para, Eugenio Bernardini, Captains Regent (1952–1953) ::*Vincenzo Pedini, Alberto Reffi, Captains Regent (1953) ::*Giordano Giacomini, Giuseppe Renzi, Captains Regent (1953–1954) ::*Giuseppe Forcellini, Secondo Fiorini, Captains Regent (1954) ::*Agostino Giacomini, Luigi Montironi, Captains Regent (1954–1955) ::*Domenico Forcellini, Vittorio Meloni, Captains Regent (1955) ::*Primo Bugli, Giuseppe Maiani, Captains Regent (1955–1956) ::*Mario Nanni, Enrico Andreoli, Captains Regent (1956) ::*Mariano Ceccoli, Eugenio Bernardini, Captains Regent (1956–1957) ::*Giordano Giacomini, Primo Marani, Captains Regent (1957) ::*Federico Bigi, Alvaro Casali, Pietro Giancecchi, Zaccaria Giovanni Savoretti, Provisional Captains Regent (1957) ::*Marino Valdes Franciosi, Federico Micheloni, Captains Regent (1957–1958) ::*Zaccaria Giovanni Savoretti, Stelio Montironi, Captains Regent (1958) ::*Domenico Forcellini, Pietro Reffi, Captains Regent (1958–1959) ::*Marino Benedetto Belluzzi, Agostino Biordi, Captains Regent (1959) ::*Giuseppe Forcellini, Ferruccio Piva, Captains Regent (1959–1960) ::*Alvaro Casali, Gino Vannucci, Captains Regent (1960) ::*Eugenio Reffi, Pietro Giancecchi, Captains Regent (1960–1961) ::*Federico Micheloni, Giancarlo Ghironzi, Captains Regent (1961) ::*Giovanni Vito Marcucci, Pio Galassi, Captains Regent (1961–1962) ::*Domenico Forcellini, Francesco Valli, Captains Regent (1962) ::*Antonio Maria Morganti, Agostino Biordi, Captains Regent (1962–1963) ::*Leonida Suzzi Valli, Stelio Montironi, Captains Regent (1963) ::*Giovan Luigi Franciosi, Domenico Bollini, Captains Regent (1963–1964) ::*Marino Benedetto Belluzzi, Eusebio Reffi, Captains Regent (1964) ::*Giuseppe Micheloni, Pier Marino Mularoni, Captains Regent (1964–1965) ::*Ferruccio Piva, Federico Carattoni, Captains Regent (1965) ::*Alvaro Casali, Pietro Reffi, Captains Regent (1965–1966) ::*Francesco Valli, Emilio Della Balda, Captains Regent (1966) ::*Giovanni Vito Marcucci, Francesco Maria Francini, Captains Regent (1966–1967) ::*Vittorio Rossini, Alberto Lonfernini, Captains Regent (1967) ::*Domenico Forcellini, Romano Michelotti, Captains Regent (1967–1968) ::*Marino Benedetto Belluzzi, Dante Rossi (San Marino), Dante Rossi, Captains Regent (1968) ::*Pietro Giancecchi, Aldo Zavoli, Captains Regent (1968–1969) ::*Ferruccio Piva, Stelio Montironi, Captains Regent (1969) ::*Alvaro Casali, Giancarlo Ghironzi, Captains Regent (1969–1970) ::*Francesco Valli, Eusebio Reffi, Captains Regent (1970) ::*Simone Rossini, Giuseppe Lonfernini, Captains Regent (1970–1971) ::*Luigi Lonfernini, Attilio Montanari, Captains Regent (1971) ::*Federico Carattoni, Marino Vagnetti, Captains Regent (1971–1972) ::*Marino Benedetto Belluzzi, Giuseppe Micheloni, Captains Regent (1972) ::*Rosolino Martelli, Bruno Casali, Captains Regent (1972–1973) ::*Francesco Maria Francini, Primo Bugli, Captains Regent (1973) ::*Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari, Giovan Luigi Franciosi, Captains Regent (1973–1974) ::*Ferruccio Piva, Giordano Bruno Reffi, Captains Regent (1974) ::*Francesco Valli, Enrico Andreoli, Captains Regent (1974–1975) ::*Alberto Cecchetti, Michele Righi, Captains Regent (1975) ::*Giovanni Vito Marcucci, Giuseppe Della Balda, Captains Regent (1975–1976) ::*Clelio Galassi, Marino Venturini, Captains Regent (1976) ::*Primo Bugli, Virgilio Cardelli, Captains Regent (1976–1977) ::*Alberto Lonfernini, Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari, Captains Regent (1977) ::*Giordano Bruno Reffi, Tito Masi, Captains Regent (1977–1978) ::*Francesco Valli, Enrico Andreoli, Captains Regent (1978) ::*Ermenegildo Gasperoni, Adriano Reffi, Captains Regent (1978–1979) ::*Marino Bollini, Lino Celli, Captains Regent (1979) ::*Giuseppe Amici, Germano De Biagi, Captains Regent (1979–1980) ::*Pietro Chiaruzzi, Primo Marani, Captains Regent (1980) ::*Giancarlo Berardi (politician), Giancarlo Berardi, Rossano Zafferani, Captains Regent (1980–1981) ::*Gastone Pasolini, Maria Lea Pedini-Angelini, Captains Regent (1981) ::*Mario Rossi (Captain Regent), Mario Rossi, Ubaldo Biordi, Captains Regent (1981–1982) ::*Giuseppe Maiani, Marino Venturini, Captains Regent (1982) ::*Libero Barulli, Maurizio Gobbi, Captains Regent (1982–1983) ::*Adriano Reffi, Massimo Roberto Rossini, Captains Regent (1983) ::*Renzo Renzi, Germano De Biagi, Captains Regent (1983–1984) ::*Gloriana Ranocchini, Giorgio Crescentini, Captains Regent (1984) ::*Marino Bollini, Giuseppe Amici, Captains Regent (1984–1985) ::*Enzo Colombini, Severiano Tura, Captains Regent (1985) ::*Pier Paolo Gasperoni, Ubaldo Biordi, Captains Regent (1985–1986) ::*Marino Venturini, Ariosto Maiani, Captains Regent (1986) ::*Giuseppe Arzilli, Maurizio Tomassoni, Captains Regent (1986–1987) ::*Renzo Renzi, Carlo Franciosi, Captains Regent (1987) ::*Rossano Zafferani, Gianfranco Terenzi, Captains Regent (1987–1988) ::*Umberto Barulli, Rosolino Martelli, Captains Regent (1988) ::*Luciano Cardelli, Reves Salvatori, Captains Regent (1988–1989) ::*Mauro Fiorini, Marino Vagnetti, Captains Regent (1989) ::*Gloriana Ranocchini, Leo Achilli, Captains Regent (1989–1990) ::*Adalmiro Bartolini, Ottaviano Rossi, Captains Regent (1990) ::*Cesare Gasperoni, Roberto Bucci, Captains Regent (1990–1991) ::*Domenico Bernardini, Claudio Podeschi, Captains Regent (1991) ::*Edda Ceccoli, Marino Riccardi, Captains Regent (1991–1992) ::*Germano De Biagi, Ernesto Benedettini, Captains Regent (1992) ::*Romeo Morri, Marino Zanotti, Captains Regent (1992–1993) ::*Patrizia Busignani, Salvatore Tonelli, Captains Regent (1993) ::*Gian Luigi Berti, Paride Andreoli, Captains Regent (1993–1994) ::*Alberto Cecchetti, Fausto Mularoni, Captains Regent (1994) ::*Renzo Ghiotti, Luciano Ciavatta, Captains Regent (1994–1995) ::*Marino Bollini, Settimio Lonfernini, Captains Regent (1995) ::*Pier Natalino Mularoni, Marino Venturini, Captains Regent (1995–1996) ::*Pier Paolo Gasperoni, Pietro Bugli, Captains Regent (1996) ::*Maurizio Rattini, Gian Carlo Venturini, Captains Regent (1996–1997) ::*Paride Andreoli, Pier Marino Mularoni, Captains Regent (1997) ::*Luigi Mazza, Marino Zanotti, Captains Regent (1997–1998) ::*Alberto Cecchetti, Loris Francini, Captains Regent (1998) ::*Pietro Berti, Paolo Bollini, Captains Regent (1998–1999) ::*Antonello Bacciocchi, Rosa Zafferani, Captains Regent (1999) ::*Marino Bollini, Giuseppe Arzilli, Captains Regent (1999–2000) ::*Maria Domenica Michelotti, Gian Marco Marcucci, Captains Regent (2000) ::*Gianfranco Terenzi, Enzo Colombini, Captains Regent (2000–2001) ''Vatican'' *Vatican City :*Pope, Sovereign (List of sovereigns of Vatican City State, complete list) – ::*Pope Pius XII, Pius XII, Sovereign (1939–1958) ::*Pope John XXIII, John XXIII, Sovereign (1958–1963) ::*Pope Paul VI, Paul VI, Sovereign (1963–1978) ::*Pope John Paul I, John Paul I, Sovereign (1978) ::*Pope John Paul II, John Paul II, Sovereign (1978–2005) :*President of the Governorate (President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, complete list) – ::*Nicola Canali, President of the Governorate (1939–1961) ::*Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, President of the Governorate (1961–1969) ::*Jean-Marie Villot, President of the Governorate (1969–1979) ::*Agostino Casaroli, President of the Governorate (1979–1984) ::*Sebastiano Baggio, President of the Governorate (1984–1990) ::*Rosalio José Castillo Lara, President of the Governorate (1990–1997) ::*Edmund Szoka, President of the Governorate (1997–2006)

Europe: Southwest

''Andorra'' *Andorra :*Episcopal Co-Princes of Andorra, Co-Princes (List of Co-Princes of Andorra, complete list) – ::*Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Episcopal Co-Prince (1943–1969) ::*Ramon Malla Call, Interm Episcopal Co-Prince (1969–1971) ::*Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince (1971–2003) :*French Co-Princes of Andorra, Co-Princes (List of Co-Princes of Andorra, complete list) – ::*Vincent Auriol, French Co-Prince (1947–1954) ::*René Coty, French Co-Prince (1954–1959) ::*Charles de Gaulle, French Co-Prince (1959–1969) ::*Alain Poher, Acting French Co-Prince (1969) ::*Georges Pompidou, French Co-Prince (1969–1974) ::*Alain Poher, Acting French Co-Prince (1974) ::*Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, French Co-Prince (1974–1981) ::*François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince (1981–1995) ::*Jacques Chirac, French Co-Prince (1995–2007) :*Prime ministers (List of heads of government of Andorra, complete list) – ::*Òscar Ribas Reig, Prime minister (1982–1984) ::*Josep Pintat-Solans, Prime minister (1984–1990) ::*Òscar Ribas Reig, Prime minister (1990–1994) ::*Marc Forné Molné, Prime minister (1994–2005) ''Portugal'' *Estado Novo (Portugal), Second Portuguese Republic :*President of Portugal, Presidents (List of presidents of Portugal, complete list) – ::*Óscar Carmona, President (1935–1951) ::*António de Oliveira Salazar, Acting President (1951) ::*Francisco Craveiro Lopes, President (1951–1958) ::*Américo Thomaz, President (1958–1974) :*Prime Minister of Portugal, Presidents of the Council of Ministers (List of prime ministers of Portugal, complete list) – ::*António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers (1933–1968) ::*Marcello Caetano, President of the Council of Ministers (1968–1974) *Third Republic of Portugal :*President of Portugal, Presidents (List of presidents of Portugal, complete list) – ::*National Salvation Junta: António de Spínola (President), Francisco da Costa Gomes, Jaime Silvério Marques, Diogo Neto, Carlos Galvão de Melo, José Pinheiro de Azevedo, António Rosa Coutinho, Acting Head of state (1974) ::*António de Spínola, President (1974) ::*Francisco da Costa Gomes, President (1974–1976) ::*António Ramalho Eanes, President (1976–1986) ::*Mário Soares, President (1986–1996) ::*Jorge Sampaio, President (1996–2006) :*Prime Minister of Portugal, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Portugal, complete list) – ::*National Salvation Junta: António de Spínola, Francisco da Costa Gomes, Jaime Silvério Marques, Diogo Neto, Carlos Galvão de Melo, José Pinheiro de Azevedo, António Rosa Coutinho, Acting Head of government (1974) ::*Adelino da Palma Carlos, Prime minister (1974) ::*Vasco Gonçalves, Prime minister (1974–1975) ::*José Pinheiro de Azevedo, Prime minister (1975–1976) ::*Vasco de Almeida e Costa, Acting Prime minister (1976) ::*Mário Soares, Prime minister (1976–1978) ::*Alfredo Nobre da Costa, Prime minister (1978) ::*Carlos Alberto da Mota Pinto, Prime minister (1978–1979) ::*Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo, Prime minister (1979–1980) ::*Francisco de Sá Carneiro, Prime minister (1980) ::*Diogo de Freitas do Amaral, Acting Head of government (1980–1981) ::*Francisco Pinto Balsemão, Prime minister (1981–1983) ::*Mário Soares, Prime minister (1983–1985) ::*Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime minister (1985–1995) ::*António Guterres, Prime minister (1995–2002) ''Spain'' *Francoist Spain :*Heads of state ( complete list) – ::*Francisco Franco, Caudillo (1936–1975) ::*Alejandro Rodríguez de Valcárcel, President of the Regency (1975) :*Prime Minister of Spain, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Spain, complete list) – ::*Francisco Franco, Prime minister (1936–1973) ::*Luis Carrero Blanco, Prime minister (1973) ::*Torcuato Fernández-Miranda, Acting Prime minister (1973) ::*Carlos Arias Navarro, Prime minister (1973–1975) *Kingdom of Spain :*Monarchy of Spain, Monarchs ( complete list) – ::*Juan Carlos I of Spain, Juan Carlos I, King (1975–2014) :*Prime Minister of Spain, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Spain, complete list) – ::*Carlos Arias Navarro, Prime minister (1975–1976) ::*Fernando de Santiago y Díaz, Acting Prime minister (1976) ::*Adolfo Suárez, Prime minister (1976–1981) ::*Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo, Prime minister (1981–1982) ::*Felipe González, Prime minister (1982–1996) ::*José María Aznar, Prime minister (1996–2004)

Europe: West

''Belgium'' *

:*Monarchy of Belgium, Monarchs ( complete list) – ::*Leopold III of Belgium, Leopold III, King (1934–1951) ::*Prince Charles, Count of Flanders, Charles, Prince Regent (1944–1950) ::*Baudouin of Belgium, Baudouin, King (1951–1993) ::*Albert II of Belgium, Albert II, King (1993–2013) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Belgium, complete list) – ::*Joseph Pholien, Prime minister (1950–1952) ::*Jean Van Houtte, Prime minister (1952–1954) ::*Achille Van Acker, Prime minister (1954–1958) ::*Gaston Eyskens, Prime minister (1958–1961) ::*Théo Lefèvre, Prime minister (1961–1965) ::*Pierre Harmel, Prime minister (1965–1966) ::*Paul Vanden Boeynants, Prime minister (1966–1968) ::*Gaston Eyskens, Prime minister (1968–1973) ::*Edmond Leburton, Prime minister (1973–1974) ::*Leo Tindemans, Prime minister (1974–1978) ::*Paul Vanden Boeynants, Prime minister (1978–1979) ::*Wilfried Martens, Prime minister (1979–1981) ::*Mark Eyskens, Prime minister (1981) ::*Wilfried Martens, Prime minister (1981–1992) ::*Jean-Luc Dehaene, Prime minister (1992–1999) ::*Guy Verhofstadt, Prime minister (1999–2008) ''France'' *French Fourth Republic :*List of presidents of France, Presidents ( complete list) – ::*Vincent Auriol, President (1947–1954) ::*René Coty, President (1954–1959) :*Prime Minister of France, President of the Council of ministers (List of prime ministers of France, complete list) – ::*René Pleven, Prime minister (1950–1951) ::*Henri Queuille, Prime minister (1951) ::*René Pleven, Prime minister (1951–1952) ::*Edgar Faure, Prime minister (1952) ::*Antoine Pinay, Prime minister (1952–1953) ::*René Mayer, Prime minister (1953) ::*Joseph Laniel, Prime minister (1953–1954) ::*Pierre Mendès-France, Pierre Mendès France, Prime minister (1954–1955) ::*Christian Pineau, Prime minister (1955) ::*Edgar Faure, Prime minister (1955–1956) ::*Guy Mollet, Prime minister (1956–1957) ::*Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury, Prime minister (1957) ::*Félix Gaillard, Prime minister (1957–1958) ::*Pierre Pflimlin, Prime minister (1958) ::*Charles de Gaulle, Prime minister (1958–1959) *France: French Fifth Republic :*List of presidents of France, Presidents ( complete list) – ::*Charles de Gaulle, President (1959–1969) ::*Alain Poher, Acting President (1969) ::*Georges Pompidou, President (1969–1974) ::*Alain Poher, Acting President (1974) ::*Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, President (1974–1981) ::*François Mitterrand, President (1981–1995) ::*Jacques Chirac, President (1995–2007) :*Prime Minister of France, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of France, complete list) – ::*Michel Debré, Prime minister (1959–1962) ::*Georges Pompidou, Prime minister (1962–1968) ::*Maurice Couve de Murville, Prime minister (1968–1969) ::*Jacques Chaban-Delmas, Prime minister (1969–1972) ::*Pierre Messmer, Prime minister (1972–1974) ::*Jacques Chirac, Prime minister (1974–1976) ::*Raymond Barre, Prime minister (1976–1981) ::*Pierre Mauroy, Prime minister (1981–1984) ::*Laurent Fabius, Prime minister (1984–1986) ::*Jacques Chirac, Prime minister (1986–1988) ::*Michel Rocard, Prime minister (1988–1991) ::*Édith Cresson, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Pierre Bérégovoy, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Édouard Balladur, Prime minister (1993–1995) ::*Alain Juppé, Prime minister (1995–1997) ::*Lionel Jospin, Prime minister (1997–2002) ''Luxembourg'' *Luxembourg :*Monarchy of Luxembourg, Monarchs (List of monarchs of Luxembourg, complete list) – ::*Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, Charlotte, Grand Duchess (1919–1964) ::*Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Jean, Grand Duke (1964–2000) ::*Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Henri, Grand Duke (2000–present) :*Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Luxembourg, complete list) – ::*Pierre Dupong, Prime minister (1937–1953) ::*Joseph Bech, Prime minister (1953–1958) ::*Pierre Frieden, Prime minister (1958–1959) ::*Pierre Werner, Prime minister (1959–1974) ::*Gaston Thorn, Prime minister (1974–1979) ::*Pierre Werner, Prime minister (1979–1984) ::*Jacques Santer, Prime minister (1984–1995) ::*Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime minister (1995–2013) ''Monaco'' *Monaco :*Monarchy of Monaco, Sovereign Prince (List of rulers of Monaco, complete list) – ::*Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, Rainier III, Prince (1949–2005) :*Minister of State (Minister of State (Monaco), complete list) – ::*Pierre Voizard, Minister of state (1950–1953) ::*Henry Soum, Minister of state (1953–1959) ::*Émile Pelletier, Minister of state (1959–1962) ::*Pierre Blanchy, Acting Minister of state (1962–1963) ::*Jean Reymond, Minister of state (1963–1966) ::*Paul Demange (politician), Paul Demange, Minister of state (1966–1969) ::*François-Didier Gregh, Minister of state (1969–1972) ::*André Saint-Mleux, Minister of state (1972–1981) ::*Jean Herly, Minister of state (1981–1985) ::*Jean Ausseil, Minister of state (1985–1991) ::*Jacques Dupont (politician), Jacques Dupont, Minister of state (1991–1994) ::*Paul Dijoud, Minister of state (1994–1997) ::*Michel Lévêque, Minister of state (1997–2000) ::*Patrick Leclercq, Minister of state (2000–2005) ''Netherlands'' *Netherlands :*Monarchy of the Netherlands, Monarchs (List of monarchs of the Netherlands, complete list) – ::*Juliana of the Netherlands, Juliana, Queen (1948–1980) :*Prime Minister of the Netherlands, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of the Netherlands, complete list) – ::*Willem Drees, Prime minister (1948–1958) *Kingdom of the Netherlands :*Monarchy of the Netherlands, Monarchs (List of monarchs of the Netherlands, complete list) – ::*Juliana of the Netherlands, Juliana, Queen (1948–1980) ::*Beatrix of the Netherlands, Beatrix, Queen (1980–2013) :*Prime Minister of the Netherlands, Prime ministers of the Netherlands; from 1954, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (List of prime ministers of the Netherlands, complete list) – ::*Willem Drees, Prime minister (1948–1958) ::*Louis Beel, Prime minister (1958–1959) ::*Jan de Quay, Prime minister (1959–1963) ::*Victor Marijnen, Prime minister (1963–1965) ::*Jo Cals, Prime minister (1965–1966) ::*Jelle Zijlstra, Prime minister (1966–1967) ::*Piet de Jong, Prime minister (1967–1971) ::*Barend Biesheuvel, Prime minister (1971–1973) ::*Joop den Uyl, Prime minister (1973–1977) ::*Dries van Agt, Prime minister (1977–1982) ::*Ruud Lubbers, Prime minister (1982–1994) ::*Wim Kok, Prime minister (1994–2002)

Eurasia: Caucasus

''Armenia'' *Armenia :*President of Armenia, Presidents (List of leaders of Armenia, complete list) – ::*Levon Ter-Petrosyan, President (1991–1998) ::*Robert Kocharyan, President (1998–2008) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Armenia, complete list) – ::*Vazgen Manukyan, Prime minister (1990–1991) ::*Gagik Harutyunyan, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Khosrov Harutyunyan, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Hrant Bagratyan, Prime minister (1993–1996) ::*Armen Sargsyan, Prime minister (1996–1997) ::*Robert Kocharyan, Prime minister (1997–1998) ::*Armen Darbinyan, Prime minister (1998–1999) ::*Vazgen Sargsyan, Prime minister (1999) ::*Aram Sargsyan, Prime minister (1999–2000) ::*Andranik Margaryan, Prime minister (2000–2007) ''Azerbaijan'' *Azerbaijan :*Presidents (President of Azerbaijan#Presidents of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1991–present), complete list) – ::*Ayaz Mutallibov, President (1991–1992) ::*Yagub Mammadov (politician), Yagub Mammadov, Acting President (1992) ::*Ayaz Mutallibov, President (1992) ::*Isa Gambar, Acting President (1992) ::*Abulfaz Elchibey, President (1992–1993) ::*Heydar Aliyev, President (1993–2003) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Azerbaijan, complete list) – ::*Hasan Hasanov, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Firuz Mustafayev, Acting Prime minister (1992) ::*Rahim Huseynov, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Ali Masimov, Acting Prime minister (1993) ::*Panah Huseynov, Prime minister (1993) ::*Surat Huseynov, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Fuad Guliyev, Prime minister (1994–1996) ::*Artur Rasizade, Prime minister (1996–2003) *Republic of Artsakh :*Heads of State (President of Artsakh#List of Heads of State (1992–present), complete list) – ::*Artur Mkrtchyan, Chairmen of the Supreme Council (1992) ::*Georgi Petrosian, Acting Chairmen of the Supreme Council (1992–1993) ::*, Acting Chairmen of the Supreme Council (1993–1994) ::*Robert Kocharyan, President (1994–1997) ::*Leonard Petrosyan, President (1997) ::*Arkadi Ghukasyan, President (1997–2007) :*Presidents of the National Assembly (President of the National Assembly of Artsakh#List of presidents of the National Assembly, complete list) – ::*Leonard Petrosyan, President of the National Assembly (1991–1992) ::*Artur Mkrtchyan, President of the National Assembly (1992) ::*Georgi Petrosian Acting President of the National Assembly (1992–1993) ::*, President of the National Assembly (1993–1996) ::*Arthur Tovmasyan, President of the National Assembly (1996–1997) ::*Oleg Yesayan, President of the National Assembly (1997–2005) ''Georgia'' *Georgia (country), Georgia :*Presidents (President of Georgia, complete list) – ::*Zviad Gamsakhurdia, President (1991–1992) ::*Eduard Shevardnadze, President (1992–2003) :*Heads of government (Prime Minister of Georgia, complete list) – ::*Murman Omanidze, Acting Prime minister (1991) ::*Besarion Gugushvili, Prime minister (1991–1992) ::*Tengiz Sigua, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Eduard Shevardnadze, Acting Prime minister (1993) ::*Otar Patsatsia, Prime minister (1993–1995) ::*Niko Lekishvili, State minister (1995–1998) ::*Vazha Lortkipanidze, State minister (1998–2000) ::*Giorgi Arsenishvili, State minister (2000–2001) *Abkhazia, has limited recognition: Georgia (country), Georgia claims Abkhazia :*Presidents (President of Abkhazia, complete list) – ::*Vladislav Ardzinba, President (1994–2005) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Abkhazia, complete list) – ::*Vazha Zarandia, Prime minister (1992–1993) ::*Sokrat Jinjolia, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Gennadi Gagulia, Prime minister (1995–1997) ::*Sergei Bagapsh, Prime minister (1997–1999) ::*Viacheslav Tsugba, Prime minister (1999–2001) *South Ossetia, has limited recognition: Georgia (country), Georgia claims South Ossetia :*Presidents (President of South Ossetia, complete list) – ::*Znaur Gassiev, Head of state (1991–1992) ::*Torez Kulumbegov, Head of state (1992–1993) ::*Lyudvig Chibirov, Head of state (1993–2001), President (1996–2001) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of South Ossetia, complete list) – ::*Oleg Teziev, Prime minister (1991–1993) ::*Gerasim Khugayev, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Feliks Zassiev, Prime minister (1994–1995) ::*Vladislav Gabarayev, Prime minister (1995–1996) ::*Valeriy Hubulov, Acting Prime minister (1996) ::*Aleksandr Shavlokhov, Prime minister (1996–1998) ::*Merab Chigoev, Prime minister (1998–2001)

Oceania

Oceania: Australia and Papua New Guinea

''Australia'' *Australia :*Monarchs (Monarchy of Australia, complete list) – ::*George VI, King (1936–1952) ::*

, Queen (1952–2022) :*Prime Minister of Australia, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of Australia, complete list) – ::*Sir Robert Menzies, Prime minister (1949–1966) ::*Harold Holt, Prime minister (1966–1967) ::*John McEwen, Prime minister (1967–1968) ::*John Gorton, Prime minister (1968–1971) ::*William McMahon, Prime minister (1971–1972) ::*Gough Whitlam, Prime minister (1972–1975) ::*Malcolm Fraser, Prime minister (1975–1983) ::*Bob Hawke, Prime minister (1983–1991) ::*Paul Keating, Prime minister (1991–1996) ::*John Howard, Prime minister (1996–2007) ''Papua New Guinea'' *Territory of New Guinea ( complete list) – :''United Nations Trust Territory of Australia, 1946–1975'' :''For details see Australia'' *Territory of Papua ( complete list) – :''United Nations Trust Territory of Australia, 1946–1975'' :''For details see Australia or the United Kingdom under the British Isles, Europe'' *Territory of Papua and New Guinea ( complete list) – :New Guinea: ''United Nations Trust Territory of Australia, 1949–1975'' :Papua: ''Australian external territory (1949–1975)'' :''For details see Australia'' *Papua New Guinea :*Monarchs (Monarchy of Papua New Guinea, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1975–2022) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, complete list) – ::*Michael Somare, Prime minister (1975–1980) ::*Julius Chan, Prime minister (1980–1982) ::*Michael Somare, Prime minister (1982–1985) ::*Paias Wingti, Prime minister (1985–1988) ::*Rabbie Namaliu, Prime minister (1988–1992) ::*Paias Wingti, Prime minister (1992–1994) ::*Julius Chan, Prime minister (1994–1997) ::*John Giheno, Acting Prime minister (1997) ::*Julius Chan, Prime minister (1997) ::*Bill Skate, Prime minister (1997–1999) ::*Mekere Morauta, Prime minister (1999–2002)

Oceania: Pacific

''Fiji'' *Colony of Fiji ( complete list) – :''British colony, 1874–1970'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Dominion of Fiji :*Monarchs (Monarchy of Fiji, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1970–1987) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Fiji, complete list) – ::*Kamisese Mara, Prime minister (1970–1987) ::*Timoci Bavadra, Prime minister (1987) *Republic of Fiji :*President of Fiji, Heads of state (List of heads of state of Fiji, complete list) – ::*Sitiveni Rabuka, Head of the interim military government (1987) ::*Penaia Ganilau, President (1987–1993) ::*Kamisese Mara, Acting President (1993–1994), President (1994–2000) ::*Frank Bainimarama, Head of the interim military government (2000) ::*Josefa Iloilo, President (2000–2006) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Fiji, complete list) – ::*1987 Fijian coups d'état ::*Kamisese Mara, Prime minister (1987–1992) ::*Sitiveni Rabuka, Prime minister (1992–1999) ::*Mahendra Chaudhry, Prime minister (1999–2000) ::*Tevita Momoedonu, Acting Prime minister (2000) ::*2000 Fijian coup d'état ::*Laisenia Qarase, Prime minister (2000–2001) ''French Polynesia'' *List of kings of Uvea, Kings of Uvea (Wallis and Futuna), Uvea (Wallis) :*Kapeliele Tufele III "Setu", King (1950–1953) :*Council of Ministers (1953) :*Soane Toke, King (1953) :*Aloisia Brial, King (née Tautuu), King (fem.) (1953–1958) *Wallis and Futuna :''Protectorate of France, 1887/1888–1959'' :''Overseas territory of France, 1959–2003'' :*List of kings of Uvea, Kings of Uvea (Wallis and Futuna), Uvea (Wallis) – ::*Kapeliele Tufele III "Setu", King (1950–1953) ::*Council of Ministers (1953) ::*Soane Toke, King (1953) ::*Aloisia Brial, King (fem.) (1953–1958) ::*Tomasi Kulimoetoke II, King (1959–2007) :*List of kings of Alo, Kings of Alo (Wallis and Futuna), Alo – ::*Sagato Alofi, King (1997–2002) :*List of kings of Sigave, Kings of Sigave – ::*Pasilio Keletaona, King (1997–2003) ''Kiribati'' *Kiribati (President of Kiribati, complete list) – :*Ieremia Tabai, President (1979–1982) :*Rota Onorio, Acting President (1982–1983) :*Ieremia Tabai, President (1983–1991) :*Teatao Teannaki, President (1991–1994) :*Tekiree Tamuera, Acting President (1994) :*Ata Teaotai, Acting President (1994) :*Teburoro Tito, President (1994–2003) ''Marshall Islands'' *Marshall Islands (List of presidents of the Marshall Islands, complete list) – :*Amata Kabua, President (1979–1996) :*Kunio Lemari, Acting President (1996–1997) :*Imata Kabua, President (1997–2000) :*Kessai Note, President (2000–2008) ''Micronesia'' *Federated States of Micronesia (President of the Federated States of Micronesia, complete list) – :*Tosiwo Nakayama, President (1979–1987) :*John Haglelgam, President (1987–1991) :*Bailey Olter, President (1991–1996) :*Jacob Nena, President (1996–1999) :*Leo Falcam, President (1999–2003) ''Nauru'' *Nauru (President of Nauru, complete list) – :*Hammer DeRoburt, President (1968–1976) :*Bernard Dowiyogo, President (1976–1978) :*Lagumot Harris, President (1978) :*Hammer DeRoburt, President (1978–1986) :*Kennan Adeang, President (1986) :*Hammer DeRoburt, President (1986) :*Kennan Adeang, President (1986) :*Hammer DeRoburt, President (1986–1989) :*Kenos Aroi, President (1989) :*Bernard Dowiyogo, President (1989–1995) :*Lagumot Harris, President (1995–1996) :*Bernard Dowiyogo, President (1996) :*Kennan Adeang, President (1996) :*Ruben Kun, President (1996–1997) :*Kinza Clodumar, President (1997–1998) :*Bernard Dowiyogo, President (1998–1999) :*René Harris, President (1999–2000) :*Bernard Dowiyogo, President (2000–2001) ''New Zealand'' *New Zealand :*Monarchs (Monarchy of New Zealand, complete list) – ::*George VI, King (1936–1952) ::*

, Queen (1952–2022) :*Prime Minister of New Zealand, Prime ministers (List of prime ministers of New Zealand, complete list) – ::*Sidney Holland, Prime minister (1949–1957) ::*Keith Holyoake, Prime minister (1957) ::*Walter Nash, Prime minister (1957–1960) ::*Keith Holyoake, Prime minister (1960–1972) ::*Jack Marshall, Prime minister (1972) ::*Norman Kirk, Prime minister (1972–1974) ::*Hugh Watt, Acting Prime minister (1974) ::*Bill Rowling, Prime minister (1974–1975) ::*Robert Muldoon, Prime minister (1975–1984) ::*David Lange, Prime minister (1984–1989) ::*Geoffrey Palmer (politician), Geoffrey Palmer, Prime minister (1989–1990) ::*Mike Moore (New Zealand politician), Mike Moore, Prime minister (1990) ::*Jim Bolger, Prime minister (1990–1997) ::*Jenny Shipley, Prime minister (1997–1999) ::*Helen Clark, Prime minister (1999–2008) *History of Niue, New Zealand protectorate of Niue (Monarchy of New Zealand#List of monarchs, complete list) – :''New Zealand protectorate, 1907–present'' :''For details see the New Zealand under Oceania'' *Cook Islands, state in free association :*Queen's Representative (Queen's Representative#List of queen's representatives, complete list) – ::*Apenera Short, Queen's Representative (1990–2000) ::*Laurence Greig, Laurence Murray Greig, Acting Queen's Representative (2000–2001) :*Prime Minister of the Cook Islands, Prime ministers ::*Terepai Maoate, Prime minister (1999–2002) ''Palau'' *Palau (President of Palau, complete list) – :*Haruo Remeliik, President (1981–1985) :*Thomas Remengesau Sr., Acting President (1985) :*Alfonso Oiterong, President (1985) :*Lazarus Salii, President (1985–1988) :*Thomas Remengesau Sr., President (1988–1989) :*Ngiratkel Etpison, President (1989–1993) :*Kuniwo Nakamura, President (1993–2001) ''Samoa and American Samoa'' *Malietoa dynasty – :*Malietoa Tanumafili II, Malietoa (1940–2007), O le Ao o le Malo (Head of state), held jointly with Tupua Tamasese Meaʻole (1962–1963) *Samoa, Western Samoa/ Independent State of Samoa :*Heads of state (O le Ao o le Malo, complete list) – ::*Tupua Tamasese Meaʻole, Co-''O le Ao o le Malo'' (1962–1963) ::*Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo (1962–2007) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Samoa, complete list) – ::*Fiamē Mataʻafa Faumuina Mulinuʻu II, Prime Minister (1959–1970) ::*Tupua Tamasese Lealofi IV, Prime Minister (1970–1973) ::*Fiamē Mataʻafa Faumuina Mulinuʻu II, Prime Minister (1973–1975) ::*Tupua Tamasese Lealofi IV, Acting Prime minister (1975–1976) ::*Tui Ātua Tupua Tamasese Efi, Prime minister (1976–1982) ::*Vaʻai Kolone, Prime minister (1982) ::*Tui Ātua Tupua Tamasese Efi, Prime minister (1982) ::*Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime minister (1982–1985) ::*Vaʻai Kolone, Prime minister (1985–1988) ::*Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime minister (1988–1998) ::*Tuila'epa Sa'ilele Malielegaoi, Prime minister (1998–2021) ''Solomon Islands'' *British Solomon Islands ( complete list) – :''British protectorate, 1893–1978'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe'' *Solomon Islands :*Monarchs (Monarchy of the Solomon Islands, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1978–2022) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands, complete list) – ::*Peter Kenilorea, Prime minister (1978–1981) ::*Solomon Mamaloni, Prime minister (1981–1984) ::*Peter Kenilorea, Prime minister (1984–1986) ::*Ezekiel Alebua, Prime minister (1986–1989) ::*Solomon Mamaloni, Prime minister (1989–1993) ::*Francis Billy Hilly, Prime minister (1993–1994) ::*Solomon Mamaloni, Prime minister (1994–1997) ::*Bartholomew Ulufa'alu, Prime minister (1997–2000) ::*Manasseh Sogavare, Prime minister (2000–2001) ''Tonga'' *Kingdom of Tonga (1900–70) :*Monarchs (List of monarchs of Tonga, complete list) – ::*Sālote Tupou III, King (1918–1965) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Tonga, complete list) – ::*Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, Tupoutoʻa-Tungi, Prime minister (1949–1965) *Tonga :*Monarchs (List of monarchs of Tonga, complete list) – ::*Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King (1965–2006) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Tonga, complete list) – ::*Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake, Prime minister (1965–1991) ::*Baron Vaea, Prime minister (1991–2000) ::*Tupou VI, then known as ʻAhoʻeitu ʻUnuakiʻotonga Tukuʻaho, Prime minister (2000–2006) ''Tuvalu'' *Tuvalu :*Monarchs (Monarchy of Tuvalu, complete list) – ::*

, Queen (1978–2022) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Tuvalu, complete list) – ::*Toaripi Lauti, Prime minister (1978–1981) ::*Tomasi Puapua, Prime minister (1981–1989) ::*Bikenibeu Paeniu, Prime minister (1989–1993) ::*Kamuta Latasi, Prime minister (1993–1996) ::*Bikenibeu Paeniu, Prime minister (1996–1999) ::*Ionatana Ionatana, Prime minister (1999–2000) ::*Lagitupu Tuilimu, Acting Prime minister (2000–2001) ''United States'' *Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, complete list) – :''United Nations Trust Territory under the administration of the United States, 1947–1994'' ::*Arthur W. Radford, High Commissioner (1949–1951) ::*Elbert D. Thomas, High Commissioner (1951–1953) ::*Frank E. Midkiff, High Commissioner (1953–1954) ::*Delmas H. Nucker, Acting High Commissioner (1954–1956), High Commissioner (1954–1961) ::*Maurice W. Goding, High Commissioner (1961–1966) ::*William R. Norwood, High Commissioner (1966–1969) ::*Edward E. Johnston, High Commissioner (1969–1976) ::*Peter Tali Coleman, acting High Commissioner (1976–1977) ::*Adrian P. Winkel, High Commissioner (1977–1981) ::*Janet J. McCoy, High Commissioner (1981–1987) ::*Charles Jordan (government official), Charles D. Jordan, Director (1986–1991) ''Vanuatu'' *New Hebrides Condominium – :''British-French Condominium, 1906–1980'' :''For details see the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom under British Isles and France under western Europe'' *Vanuatu :*Presidents (President of Vanuatu, complete list) – ::*Ati George Sokomanu, President (1984–1984) ::*Frederick Karlomuana Timakata, Acting President (1984) ::*Ati George Sokomanu, President (1984–1989) ::*Onneyn Tahi, Acting President (1989) ::*Frederick Karlomuana Timakata, President (1989–1994) ::*Alfred Maseng, Acting President (1994) ::*Jean-Marie Léyé, President (1994–1999) ::*Edward Natapei, Acting President (1999) ::*John Bani, President (1999–2004) :*Prime ministers (Prime Minister of Vanuatu, complete list) – ::*Walter Lini, Prime minister (1980–1991) ::*Donald Kalpokas, Prime minister (1991) ::*Maxime Carlot Korman, Prime minister (1991–1995) ::*Serge Vohor, Prime minister (1995–1996) ::*Maxime Carlot Korman, Prime minister (1996) ::*Serge Vohor, Prime minister (1996–1998) ::*Donald Kalpokas, Prime minister (1998–1999) ::*Barak Sopé, Prime minister (1999–2001)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951-2000) Lists of 20th-century people, Rulers 20th-century rulers, Lists of state leaders by year, -