List of privatizations
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This list of privatizations provides links to notable and/or major privatizations. ..


Privatisation by country


Argentina

*
Aerolíneas Argentinas Aerolíneas Argentinas, formally Aerolíneas Argentinas S.A., is Argentina's largest airline and the country flag carrier. The airline was created in 1949 from the merger of four companies and started operations in . A consortium led by Iberia ...
(1990) – former national carrier; renationalized in 2009. * Agua y Energía Eléctrica (1992–95) – national electricity production company; partitioned and sold. *
Buenos Aires Underground The Buenos Aires Underground ( es, Subterráneo de Buenos Aires, links=no), locally known as Subte (), is a rapid transit system that serves the area of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The first section of this network (Plaza de Mayo–Plaz ...
(1994) – given under concession but still owned by the State. * Empresa Nacional de Correos y Telégrafos (ENCoTel, 1997) – given under concession as
Correo Argentino The Official Post Service of the Argentine Republic ( es, Correo Oficial de la República Argentina, mostly known as Correo Argentino since it was privatized in 1997) is the state-owned company that covers the postal service in Argentina. The comp ...
. Re-
nationalized Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately-owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state. Nationalization usually refers to pri ...
in 2003. *
ENTel The ''Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones'' (National Telecommunications Enterprise, or ENTel) was an Argentine state owned company which had the monopoly on public telecommunications in the country until its privatization in 1990. Overview It ...
(national telecommunications company, 1990) – partitioned and sold to
France Télécom Orange S.A. (), formerly France Télécom S.A. (stylized as france telecom) is a French multinational corporation, multinational telecommunications corporation. It has 266 million customers worldwide and employs 89,000 people in France, and 5 ...
and to Spanish
Telefónica Telefónica, S.A. () is a Spanish multinational telecommunications company headquartered in Madrid, Spain. It is one of the largest telephone operators and mobile network providers in the world. It provides fixed and mobile telephony, broadba ...
. * Fábrica Militar de Aviones (FMA, 1995) – sold to
Lockheed Martin The Lockheed Martin Corporation is an American aerospace, arms, defense, information security, and technology corporation with worldwide interests. It was formed by the merger of Lockheed Corporation with Martin Marietta in March 1995. It ...
. *
Ferrocarriles Argentinos Ferrocarriles Argentinos (abbreviated as FA; ) was a state-owned company that managed the entire Argentine railway system for nearly 45 years. It was formed in 1948 when all the private railway companies were nationalised during Juan Perón's fir ...
(1991–95) – railway lines all over the country (partially re-nationalized). *
Gas del Estado Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma). A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. oxygen), or ...
(1992) – national gas company partitioned and sold, among others, to the Spanish Gas Natural company
Naturgy Naturgy Energy Group S.A''.'', formerly ''Gas Natural Fenosa'' (), is a Spanish multinational natural gas and electrical energy utilities company, which operates primarily in Spain. The company's administrative headquarters are in Barcelona, while ...
. *
Obras Sanitarias de la Nación Sanitary Works of the Nation ( es, Obras Sanitarias de la Nación, abbreviated OSN) was a state-owned company of Argentina dedicated to supplying the public with running water and sewer services. Established in 1912, the company's operation area ...
(water company, 1992–93) - given under concession to the French conglomerate
Suez Suez ( ar, السويس '; ) is a seaport city (population of about 750,000 ) in north-eastern Egypt, located on the north coast of the Gulf of Suez (a branch of the Red Sea), near the southern terminus of the Suez Canal, having the same boun ...
, which operated it under the name Aguas Argentinas; re-nationalized in 2006 as Aguas y Saneamientos Argentinos (AySA). * Segba (1992) - partitioned and given under concession to Edesur, Edenor and Edelap. *
Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales YPF S.A. (, formerly ; English: "Fiscal Oilfields") is a vertically integrated, majority state-owned Argentine energy company, engaged in oil and gas exploration and production, and the transportation, refining, and marketing of gas and petr ...
(YPF, 1991–92) – national oil-company sold to the Spanish
Repsol Repsol S.A.
El Nuevo Herald, 2012-05-31
Originally an init ...
. The Argentinian government in 2004 set up a new state oil company ( Enarsa) from scratch, which proved of no use. In 2012, the
Argentine Government The government of Argentina, within the framework of a federal system, is a presidential representative democratic republic. The President of Argentina is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the President. ...
expropriated 51% of the shares of
YPF YPF S.A. (, formerly ; English: "Fiscal Oilfields") is a vertically integrated, majority state-owned Argentine energy company, engaged in oil and gas exploration and production, and the transportation, refining, and marketing of gas and petr ...
owned by
Repsol Repsol S.A.
El Nuevo Herald, 2012-05-31
Originally an init ...
.


Australia

*
Commonwealth Oil Refineries Commonwealth Oil Refineries (COR) was an Australian oil company that operated between 1920 and 1952 as a joint venture of the Australian government and the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. Early history The partnership was established in 1920 on ...
1952 Under Liberal *
Optus Singtel Optus Pty Limited (commonly referred to as Optus) is an Australian Telecommunications in Australia, telecommunications company headquartered in Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Singapore, Si ...
1985 Under Labor *
Commonwealth Bank The Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA), or CommBank, is an Australian multinational bank with businesses across New Zealand, Asia, the United States and the United Kingdom. It provides a variety of financial services including retail, busines ...
of Australia 1991 Under Labor *
Qantas Qantas Airways Limited ( ) is the flag carrier of Australia and the country's largest airline by fleet size, international flights, and international destinations. It is the world's third-oldest airline still in operation, having been founded ...
1993 Under labor *
Commonwealth Serum Laboratories CSL Limited is an Australian multinational specialty biotechnology company that researches, develops, manufactures, and markets products to treat and prevent serious human medical conditions. CSL's product areas include blood plasma derivative ...
1994 Under Labor *
Electricity Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described ...
and
natural gas Natural gas (also called fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Low levels of trace gases like carbo ...
supply companies in
Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada * Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory * Victoria, Seychelle ...
1995 Under Liberal *
Telstra Telstra Group Limited is an Australian telecommunications company that builds and operates telecommunications networks and markets voice, mobile, internet access, pay television and other products and services. It is a member of the S&P/ASX 20 ...
1997 Under Liberal *
Public transport Public transport (also known as public transportation, public transit, mass transit, or simply transit) is a system of transport for passengers by group travel systems available for use by the general public unlike private transport, typical ...
in
Melbourne Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung/Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a met ...
1999 Under Liberal *
Electricity Trust of South Australia The Electricity Trust of South Australia (ETSA) was the South Australian Government-owned monopoly vertically integrated electricity provider from 1946 until its privatisation in 1999. Precursors Early days (1882–1900) Charles Todd, an ea ...
1999 Under Liberal *
Sydney Airport Sydney Kingsford Smith Airport (colloquially Mascot Airport, Kingsford Smith Airport, or Sydney Airport; ; ) is an international airport in Sydney, Australia, located 8 km (5 mi) south of the Sydney central business district, in the ...
2002 Under Liberal *
Medibank Medibank Private Limited, better known as simply Medibank, is one of the largest Australian private health insurance providers, covering 3.7 million people in 2021. Medibank initially started as an Australian Government not-for-profit insurer i ...
2014 Under Liberal *
Commonwealth Industrial Gases A commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good. Historically, it has been synonymous with "republic". The noun "commonwealth", meaning "public welfare, general good or advantage", dates from the ...
* Government Cleaning Service in New South Wales *
Government Insurance Office A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...
in New South Wales * Government Printing Service in
New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...
* State-owned betting-agencies in most states Under Liberal and Labor * Many long-distance and urban passenger railway services Under Liberal and Labor * All freight railway services Under Liberal and Labor * Most State-owned banks Under Liberal and Labor


Austria


1980s

*
OMV OMV (formerly abbreviation for Österreichische Mineralölverwaltung Aktiengesellschaft ('' en, Austrian Mineral Oil Administration Stock Company'')) is an Austrian multinational integrated oil, gas and petrochemical company which is headquarter ...
(1987, 1989, 1994, 1996; ''government retains 31.5%'')


1990s

*
Simmering-Graz-Pauker Simmering-Graz-Pauker AG (SGP), founded as Simmering-Graz-Pauker AG für Maschinen-, Kessel- und Waggonbau, was an important Austrian machine and engine factory, manufacturing: machinery, boilers and rail vehicles. It was established in 1941 thr ...
(1992–93) * VOEST-Alpine Eisenbahntechnik (1992–94) * Austria Mikro Systeme International (1993–94) * A.S.A. Abfall Service AG (1993) *
VA Technologie Primetals Technologies Limited, is an engineering and plant construction company headquartered in London, United Kingdom, with numerous locations worldwide. It serves clients in the metals industry, both the ferrous and the nonferrous metals sec ...
(1994, 2003, 2005) *
AT&S AT&S also known as AT & S Austria Technologie & Systemtechnik Aktiengesellschaft designs and manufactures high-end printed circuit boards and substrates for semiconductors. The company is listed on the Vienna Stock Exchange. In Austria are t ...
(1994) *
Böhler-Uddeholm Böhler-Uddeholm is an Austrian company specialized in producing tool steel and special forgings. It was formed in 1991 as a result of a merger between the Austrian parastatal Böhler and of Uddeholms AB of Sweden. The company has production s ...
(1995, 1996, 2003) *
Schoeller-Bleckmann Oilfield Equipment Schoeller-Bleckmann Oilfield Equipment AG is an Austrian engineering company. Background It is a former subdivision of the Schoeller-Bleckmann group, a manufacturer particularly of steel products which was nationalised in 1946; the company was ...
(1995) * Schoeller-Bleckmann Edelstahlrohr GesmbH (1995) * Bernhard Steinel Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH (1995) * VA Stahl AG (1995, 1996, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005) * Weiler Werkzeugmaschinen (1995) * GIWOG-Wohnbaugruppe (1996) * Vamed AG (1996) * VA Bergtechnik (1996) *
AMAG Austria Metall AG AMAG (Austria Metall AG) is the biggest company in the Austrian Aluminium industry sector. It is situated in the village of Ranshofen, which is in Braunau am Inn (Upper Austria Upper Austria (german: Oberösterreich ; bar, Obaöstareich) is ...
(1996) * Salinen Austria (1997) * Mobilkom Austria (1997) * Wiener Boerse (1999) *
Bank Austria UniCredit Bank Austria AG, branded and widely referred to as Bank Austria, is an Austrian bank, 96.35% owned by Milan-based UniCredit. It was formed in 1991 by merger of Vienna's Länderbank and Zentralsparkasse, acquired Creditanstalt-Bankverein ...
(1997–98) * Austria Tabak (1997, 1999, 2001) *
Telekom Austria A1 Telekom Austria Group is a provider of a range of fixed-line, broadband Internet, multimedia services, data, and IT systems, wholesale as well as mobile payment services. It is a subsidiary of Mexican telecommunications conglomerate América M ...
(1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006; ''government retains 28.42%'')


2000s

*
Österreichische Postsparkasse Österreichische Postsparkasse (P.S.K.) was a postal savings bank in Austria. It was owned by the Austrian Post Office and thus by the government. It merged on 1 October 2005 with the BAWAG to form BAWAG P.S.K. History During the Austro-H ...
(2000) *
Vienna International Airport Vienna International Airport (german: Flughafen Wien-Schwechat; ) is the international airport of Vienna, the capital of Austria, located in Schwechat, southeast of central Vienna and west of Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. It is the co ...
(2000, 2001; ''regional governments of
Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...
and
Lower Austria Lower Austria (german: Niederösterreich; Austro-Bavarian: ''Niedaöstareich'', ''Niedaestareich'') is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Since 1986, the capital of Lower Austria has been Sankt P ...
retain 40%'') * Österreichische Staatsdruckerei (2000) *
Dorotheum The Dorotheum () is one of the world's oldest auction houses and is the largest auction house of art items in Continental Europe. Established by Emperor Joseph I in 1707, it has its headquarters in Vienna on the Dorotheergasse and branches in o ...
(2001) * Strohal Rotations Druck (2002) * BMG Metall und Recycling (2004) * VOEST-Alpine Erzberg (2004) *
Österreichische Post Österreichische Post is the company responsible for postal service in Austria. This company was established in 1999 after its split-off from the mail corporate division of the former state-owned PTT agency Post- und Telegraphenverwaltung ( de ...
(2006; ''government retains 52.85%'') *
Austrian Airlines Austrian Airlines AG, often shortened to Austrian, is the flag carrier of Austria and a subsidiary of the Lufthansa Group. The airline is headquartered on the grounds of Vienna International Airport in Schwechat where it also maintains its hub ...
(2009)


2010s

* (2016)


Bahrain

* Bahrain Telecommunications Co. (Q1 2005, $800 million)


Bolivia


Brazil

* Banco do Estado do Maranhão S.A * Banespa * BB Turismo * CEDAE * CELMA *
CSN ''CSN'' may refer to: Companies * CSN Stores, former name of Wayfair, American e-commerce company * CSN International (Christian Satellite Network), religious radio broadcaster based on radio station KAWZ in Twin Falls, Idaho * ''Centrala Studies ...
*
Embraer Embraer S.A. () is a Brazilian multinational aerospace manufacturer that produces commercial, military, executive and agricultural aircraft, and provides aeronautical services. It was founded in 1969 in São José dos Campos, São Paulo, where i ...
*
Embratel Embratel is a major Brazilian telecommunications company headquartered in Rio de Janeiro. The company was the long distance arm of Telebras until it was bought by the U.S. company MCI Communications for 2.65 billion Brazilian real, reais during ...
*
Petrobras Distribuidora Vibra Energia (formerly Petrobras Distribuidora or BR) is the largest distributor and marketer of petroleum derivatives and biofuels (ethanol) of Brazil and Latin America. It was an subsidiary of Petrobras until 2021 but now it is a corporation. ...
*
RFFSA The Rede Ferroviária Federal, Sociedade Anônima (RFFSA, pronounced as ''Refesa'') () was the State-owned national railway company of Brazil created from ''Brazilian Federal Law #3.115'' on March 16, 1957, after several railroads were nationaliz ...
* Terminal Pesqueiro de Manaus * Terminal Pesqueiro de Vitória *
Telebrás Telebras is a Brazilian telecommunications company which was the state-owned monopoly telephone system. It was broken up in July 1998 into twelve separate companies, nicknamed the 'Baby Bras' companies, that were auctioned to private bidders. The ...
*
Usiminas Usiminas is one of the largest producers of steel in the Americas, with major steel mills in Brazil with a total capacity of 9.5 million metric tons of steel per year. The company accounts for 28% of total steel output in Brazil. Usiminas has an ...
*
Vale do Rio Doce Vale S.A., formerly ''Companhia Vale do Rio Doce'' (the Sweet River Valley Company, referring to the Doce River) () is a Brazilian multinational corporation engaged in metals and mining and one of the largest logistics operators in Brazil. Vale ...
*
VASP Viação Aérea São Paulo S/A (São Paulo Airways), better known as VASP, was an airline with its head office in the VASP Building on the grounds of São Paulo–Congonhas Airport in São Paulo, Brazil. It had main bases at São Paulo's two m ...


Canada

*
Teleglobe VSNL International Canada or Tata Communications (Canada) ULC (formerly Teleglobe) is an international telco carrier. The company is a subsidiary of Tata Communications, part of India's Tata Group and based in Montreal, Quebec. Part of their r ...
(1987) – an international telco carrier *
Air Canada Air Canada is the flag carrier and the largest airline of Canada by the size and passengers carried. Air Canada maintains its headquarters in the borough of Saint-Laurent, Montreal, Quebec. The airline, founded in 1937, provides scheduled and ...
(1988) *
Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan The Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan, also known as PotashCorp, was a company based in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The company merged with Calgary-based Agrium to form Nutrien, in a transaction that closed on January 1, 2018. The company was th ...
(1989) *
Telus Telus Communications Inc. (TCI) is the wholly owned principal subsidiary of Telus Corporation, a Canadian national telecommunications company that provides a wide range of telecommunications products and services including internet access, voi ...
(1991), formerly
Alberta Government Telephones Alberta Government Telephones (AGT) was the telephone provider in most of Alberta from 1906 to 1991. AGT was formed by the Liberal government of Alexander Cameron Rutherford in 1906Wilson, Kevin G., Deregulating Telecommunications: U.S. and Can ...
*
Petro-Canada Petro-Canada is a retail and wholesale marketing brand subsidiary of Suncor Energy. Until 1991, it was a federal Crown corporation (a state-owned enterprise). In August 2009, Petro-Canada merged with Suncor Energy, with Suncor shareholders rece ...
(1991) *
Nova Scotia Power Nova Scotia Power Inc. is a vertical integration, vertically integrated electric utility in Nova Scotia, Canada. It is privately owned by Emera and regulated by the provincial government via the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board (NSUARB). Nov ...
(1992) *
Canadian National Railway The Canadian National Railway Company (french: Compagnie des chemins de fer nationaux du Canada) is a Canadian Class I freight railway headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, which serves Canada and the Midwestern and Southern United States. CN i ...
(1995) *
Saskatchewan Wheat Pool The Saskatchewan Wheat Pool was a grain handling, agri-food processing and marketing company based in Regina, Saskatchewan. The Pool created a network of marketing alliances in North America and internationally which made it the largest agricul ...
(1996) *
Manitoba Telecom Services Bell MTS Inc. (formerly Manitoba Telecom Services) is a subsidiary of BCE Inc. that operates telecommunications services in Manitoba. Originally established as Manitoba Government Telephones after the Government of Manitoba purchased the Manito ...
or MTS (1996) *
Highway 407 The following highways are numbered 407: Canada * Manitoba Provincial Road 407 * Newfoundland and Labrador Route 407 * Ontario Highway 407 Costa Rica * National Route 407 Iceland * Route 407 (Iceland) Italy * State road 407 Japan * Japa ...
(1999) – leased to private operators *
Ontario Hydro Ontario Hydro, established in 1906 as the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, was a publicly owned electricity utility in the Province of Ontario. It was formed to build transmission lines to supply municipal utilities with electricity ge ...
(1999) – only partially privatized with
Hydro One Hydro One Limited is an electricity transmission and distribution utility serving the Canadian province of Ontario. Hydro One traces its history to the early 20th century and the establishment of the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario ( ...
and
Ontario Power Generation Ontario Power Generation Inc. (OPG) is a Crown corporations of Canada, Crown corporation and "government business enterprise" that is responsible for approximately half of the electricity generation in the province of Ontario, Canada. It is w ...
, a publicly owned company and
crown corporation A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a government entity which is established or nationalised by the ''national government'' or ''provincial government'' by an executive order or an act of legislation in order to earn profit for the governmen ...
respectively *
Uranium Uranium is a chemical element with the symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-grey metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium is weak ...
industry in Saskatchewan


Chile

* CAP S.A. * Chilectra * Colbún S.A. * CTC * Enaex * Empremar *
Endesa Endesa, S.A. (, originally an initialism for ''Empresa Nacional de Electricidad, S.A''.) is a Spanish multinational electric utility company, the largest in the country. The firm, a majority-owned subsidiary of the Italian utility company Enel, ...
*
Entel The ''Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones'' (National Telecommunications Enterprise, or ENTel) was an Argentine state owned company which had the monopoly on public telecommunications in the country until its privatization in 1990. Overview It ...
* Esval * IANSA *
Lan Airlines LATAM Airlines Chile (formerly LAN Airlines and LAN-Chile) is an airline based in Santiago, Chile, one of the founders of LATAM Airlines Group, Latin America's largest airline holding company. The main hub is Arturo Merino Benítez International ...
* Pension Funds (AFP) * Soquimich


Czechoslovakia

* Virtually everything after the
Velvet Revolution The Velvet Revolution ( cs, Sametová revoluce) or Gentle Revolution ( sk, Nežná revolúcia) was a non-violent transition of power in what was then Czechoslovakia, occurring from 17 November to 28 November 1989. Popular demonstrations agains ...
in 1989; see
voucher privatization Voucher privatization is a privatization method where citizens are given or can inexpensively buy a book of vouchers that represent potential shares in any state-owned company. Voucher privatization has mainly been used in the early to mid-1990s i ...
for details.


Egypt

* The Shebin spinning and weaving factory in
Menoufia Monufia Governorate ( ar, محافظة المنوفية ' ) is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is located in the northern part of the country in the Nile Delta, to the south of Gharbia Governorate and to the north of Cairo. The governora ...
in the
Nile Delta The Nile Delta ( ar, دلتا النيل, or simply , is the delta formed in Lower Egypt where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea. It is one of the world's largest river deltas—from Alexandria in the west to Po ...
was on strike against/locked out by its new non-Egyptian owners in the wake of the 2011 revolution. Workers and maybe the military now in control of the state were favoring re-nationalization, according to one report. " iberal economic policy is tarred with he old regime'scorruption," said Michael Wahid Hanna, in Cairo for the U.S.-based
Century Foundation The Century Foundation (established first as The Cooperative League and then the Twentieth Century Fund) is a progressive think tank headquartered in New York City with an office in Washington, D.C. It was founded as a nonprofit public policy r ...
. Indorama, the new
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
n/
Thai Thai or THAI may refer to: * Of or from Thailand, a country in Southeast Asia ** Thai people, the dominant ethnic group of Thailand ** Thai language, a Tai-Kadai language spoken mainly in and around Thailand *** Thai script *** Thai (Unicode block ...
owner of Shebin, was not quoted in the report. Looking further back to 2000, "well considered public spinners" Shebin El Kom and STIA, were then considered to have a "redundant labor problem ... utwould otherwise be attractive privatization buying or leasing opportunities for private investors." In 2011, STIA, also known as El Nasr Wool & Selected Textiles, of
Alexandria Alexandria ( or ; ar, ٱلْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةُ ; grc-gre, Αλεξάνδρεια, Alexándria) is the second largest city in Egypt, and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast. Founded in by Alexander the Great, Alexandria ...
, remained "one of the largest public sector textiles companies."


Finland

*
Finnair Finnair ( fi, Finnair Oyj, sv, Finnair Abp) is the flag carrier and largest airline of Finland, with its headquarters in Vantaa on the grounds of Helsinki Airport, its hub. Finnair and its subsidiaries dominate both domestic and internationa ...
*
Sonera Telia Company AB is a Swedish multinational telecommunications company and mobile network operator present in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Telia also owns TV4 Media which includes TV4 in Sweden, MTV Oy in F ...
(former Telecom Finland)


France


1980s

* Compagnie Générale d'Electricité became
Alcatel Alcatel may refer to: * Alcatel, a former French telecommunications equipment company, which became Alcatel-Lucent and is now part of Nokia * Alcatel Mobile, a brand of mobile phones, tablets and wearables, formerly a joint venture between Alcatel ...
(1987) *
Havas Havas SA is a French multinational advertising and public relations company, headquartered in Paris, France. It operates in more than 100 countries and is one of the largest advertising and communications groups in the world. Havas consists of ...
(1987) *
Matra Matra (an acronym for Mécanique Aviation Traction) was a French industrial conglomerate. During its years of operation, it was engaged in a wide range of business activities, primarily focused around automobiles, bicycles, aeronautics and we ...
(1988) *
Paribas The Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas (“Bank of Paris and the Netherlands”), generally referred to from 1982 as Paribas, was a French investment bank based in Paris. In May 2000, it merged with the Banque Nationale de Paris to form BNP Paribas. ...
– privatized in 1987 and merged with BNP to form BNP Paribas *
Saint-Gobain Compagnie de Saint-Gobain S.A. () is a French multinational corporation, founded in 1665 in Paris and headquartered on the outskirts of Paris, at La Défense and in Courbevoie. Originally a mirror manufacturer, it now also produces a variety of ...
– created in 1665 by minister of Finance Jean-Baptiste Colbert; privatized in 1986 *
Société Générale Société Générale S.A. (), colloquially known in English as SocGen (), is a French-based multinational financial services company founded in 1864, registered in downtown Paris and headquartered nearby in La Défense. Société Générale ...
privatized in 1987 *
Suez Suez ( ar, السويس '; ) is a seaport city (population of about 750,000 ) in north-eastern Egypt, located on the north coast of the Gulf of Suez (a branch of the Red Sea), near the southern terminus of the Suez Canal, having the same boun ...
– privatized and merged with the stated-owned
Gaz de France Gaz de France (GDF) was a French company which produced, transported and sold natural gas around the world, especially in France, its main market. The company was also particularly active in Belgium, the United Kingdom, Germany, and other Europea ...
(GDF) in 2008 to form
GDF Suez Engie SA is a French multinational utility company, headquartered in La Défense, Courbevoie, which operates in the fields of energy transition, electricity generation and distribution, natural gas, nuclear, renewable energy and petroleum. ...
*
TF1 TF1 (; standing for ''Télévision Française 1'') is a French commercial television network owned by TF1 Group, controlled by the Bouygues conglomerate. TF1's average market share of 24% makes it the most popular domestic network. TF1 is par ...
– first TV channel of France, privatized in 1987


1990s

*
France Télécom Orange S.A. (), formerly France Télécom S.A. (stylized as france telecom) is a French multinational corporation, multinational telecommunications corporation. It has 266 million customers worldwide and employs 89,000 people in France, and 5 ...
(1998) *
Arcelor Arcelor S.A. was the world's largest steel producer in terms of turnover and the second largest in terms of steel output, with a turnover of €30.2 billion and shipments of 45 million metric tons of steel in 2004. The company was created in 2002 ...
(1995) *
Assurances Générales de France Allianz France is a French insurance company, headquartered in Rue de Richelieu, Paris. ''Assurances Générales de France'' (the company only refers to itself as AGF) is a majority-owned subsidiary of the German multinational Allianz SE. The ...
(1996) *
Groupe Bull Bull SAS (also known as Groupe Bull, Bull Information Systems, or simply Bull) is a French computer company headquartered in Les Clayes-sous-Bois, in the western suburbs of Paris. The company has also been known at various times as Bull General El ...
(1997) *
CNP Assurances CNP Assurances S.A. is a major French insurance corporation. CNP stands for ''Caisse Nationale de Prévoyance''. It is listed on the Fortune Global 500. The company was formed in 1959 as a subsidiary of Caisse des dépôts et consignations, which ...
(1998) *
Compagnie générale transatlantique The Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (CGT, and commonly named "Transat"), typically known overseas as the French Line, was a French shipping company. Established in 1855 by the Péreire brothers, brothers Émile and Issac Péreire under the ...
(1996) – merged with CMA to form
CMA-CGM CMA CGM S.A. is a French container transportation and shipping company. It is the world’s 3rd largest container shipping company, using 257 shipping routes between 420 ports in 160 countries. Its headquarters are in Marseille, France The name ...
*
Crédit Industriel et Commercial The Crédit Industriel et Commercial (CIC, "Industrial and Commercial Credit Company") is a bank and financial services group in France, founded in 1859. It has been majority owned by Crédit Mutuel, one of the country's top five banking groups, s ...
(1998) * Crédit local de France (1991) * Le Crédit Lyonnais (1999) *
Elf Aquitaine Elf Aquitaine is a French brand of oils and other motor products (such as brake fluids) for automobiles and trucks. Elf is a former petroleum company which merged with TotalFina to form "TotalFinaElf". The new company changed its name to Total in ...
– privatized in 1994; absorbed by
Total Total may refer to: Mathematics * Total, the summation of a set of numbers * Total order, a partial order without incomparable pairs * Total relation, which may also mean ** connected relation (a binary relation in which any two elements are comp ...
*
Eramet Eramet is a French multinational mining and metallurgy company, listed on the Euronext Paris exchange under the symbol ERA. The company was founded with the funding of the Rothschild family (although they were careful to avoid being listed as fou ...
(1999) *
Gan The word Gan or the initials GAN may refer to: Places *Gan, a component of Hebrew placenames literally meaning "garden" China * Gan River (Jiangxi) * Gan River (Inner Mongolia), * Gan County, in Jiangxi province * Gansu, abbreviated ''Gā ...
(1998) *
Pechiney Pechiney SA was a major aluminium conglomerate based in France. The company was acquired in 2003 by the Alcan Corporation, headquartered in Canada. In 2007, Alcan itself was taken over by mining giant Rio Tinto Alcan. Prior to its acquisition, ...
(1995) *
Renault Groupe Renault ( , , , also known as the Renault Group in English; legally Renault S.A.) is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans, and in the past has manufactured ...
(1996) – the French state still have 15.01% of the shareholding *
SEITA SEITA (''Société d'exploitation industrielle des tabacs et des allumettes''), was the former French state-owned tobacco monopoly. Cigarette brands included Gauloises and Gitanes, both created in 1910. It merged in 1999 with its Spanish equivale ...
(1995) – now
Altadis Altadis is a Spanish-French multinational purveyor and manufacturer of cigarettes, tobacco and cigars. It was formed via a 1999 merger between Tabacalera, the former Spanish tobacco monopoly and , the former French tobacco monopoly. Through its i ...
*
Total Total may refer to: Mathematics * Total, the summation of a set of numbers * Total order, a partial order without incomparable pairs * Total relation, which may also mean ** connected relation (a binary relation in which any two elements are comp ...
*
Union des Assurances de Paris Axa S.A. (styled as ''AXA'' or GIG in the Middle East) is a French multinational insurance company. The head office is in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France. It also provides investment management and other financial services. The Ax ...
(1994)


2000s

* Aéroports de Paris – the French State remains the major shareholder: 52% *
Air France Air France (; formally ''Société Air France, S.A.''), stylised as AIRFRANCE, is the flag carrier of France headquartered in Tremblay-en-France. It is a subsidiary of the Air France–KLM Group and a founding member of the SkyTeam global air ...
– opening shareholding open in 1999. Merged with
KLM KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, legally ''Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V.'' (literal translation: Royal Aviation Company Plc.), is the flag carrier airline of the Netherlands. KLM is headquartered in Amstelveen, with its hub at nearby Amste ...
and merged to form:
Air France-KLM The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, known collectively as air, retained by Earth's gravity that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary atmosphere. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing for ...
(as 2004, the French State remain 44%). As of 2012, the French State remains 15.8%. *
Credit Lyonnais Credit (from Latin verb ''credit'', meaning "one believes") is the trust which allows one party to provide money or resources to another party wherein the second party does not reimburse the first party immediately (thereby generating a debt) ...
(a bank ;– privatized in 2001) *
Électricité de France Électricité de France S.A. (literally ''Electricity of France''), commonly known as EDF, is a French multinational electric utility company, largely owned by the French state. Headquartered in Paris, with €71.2 billion in revenues in 2 ...
(EDF) (in December 2005 France sold 30% of EDF) *
French Highway Concession French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
** A'lienor – sold to
Eiffage Eiffage S.A. is a French civil engineering construction company. it was the third largest company of its type in France, and the fifth largest in Europe. History The company was formed in 1992 through the merger of several long standing compani ...
(65%) and
Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France SANEF, Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France (Northern and Eastern French Highways Corporation) is a motorway operator company in France. It operates motorways in the North and East of France as a result of concessions given by ...
(35%) ** Alis – sold to
Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France SANEF, Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France (Northern and Eastern French Highways Corporation) is a motorway operator company in France. It operates motorways in the North and East of France as a result of concessions given by ...
**
Société des Autoroutes de Paris Normandie SAPN, Société des Autoroutes de Paris Normandie is a motorway operator company in France. It operates motorways in the West of France thanks to concessions given by the French government. Its network is 368 km long. The SAPN was created in ...
– sold to Vinci **
Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France SANEF, Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France (Northern and Eastern French Highways Corporation) is a motorway operator company in France. It operates motorways in the North and East of France as a result of concessions given by ...
– sold to Abertis (52,5%); the rest is owned by other investors ** Autoroutes Paris-Rhin-Rhône – sold to
Eiffage Eiffage S.A. is a French civil engineering construction company. it was the third largest company of its type in France, and the fifth largest in Europe. History The company was formed in 1992 through the merger of several long standing compani ...
**
Autoroutes du Sud de la France Autoroute may refer to the following: * Controlled-access highway, particularly in French-speaking countries * Routing (electronic design automation), when routes to wires in a design are automatically assigned * Microsoft AutoRoute, European name ...
– sold to Vinci ** Arcour – sold to Vinci ** Atlandes – sold to
Colas Group Colas Group is a major French civil engineering firm specialising in road construction and rail track construction through its Colas Rail subsidiary. Since the 1990s, the group has incorporated the Screg and Sacer road construction firms. Road con ...
(subsidiaries of
Bouygues Bouygues S.A. () is a French industrial group headquartered in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, 8th arrondissement of Paris, France. Bouygues is listed on the Euronext, Euronext Paris exchange and is a blue chip (stock market), blue chip in the C ...
) and other investors **
Cofiroute Vinci (corporately styled VINCI) is a French concessions and construction company founded in 1899 as Société Générale d'Enterprises. Its head office is in Nanterre, in the western suburbs of Paris. Vinci is listed on Euronext's Paris stock ...
– sold to Vinci *
Gaz de France Gaz de France (GDF) was a French company which produced, transported and sold natural gas around the world, especially in France, its main market. The company was also particularly active in Belgium, the United Kingdom, Germany, and other Europea ...
(GDF) – Prime minister
Dominique de Villepin Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin (; born 14 November 1953) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 31 May 2005 to 17 May 2007 under President Jacques Chirac. In his career working at the Minist ...
announced a merger between GDF and
Suez Suez ( ar, السويس '; ) is a seaport city (population of about 750,000 ) in north-eastern Egypt, located on the north coast of the Gulf of Suez (a branch of the Red Sea), near the southern terminus of the Suez Canal, having the same boun ...
; since the state owns 80% of GDF, a privatization of GDF would require the passing of a new law; the state would control only 34% of the capital of the new group: se
commentary
*
Orange S.A. Orange S.A. (), formerly France Télécom S.A. (stylized as france telecom) is a French multinational telecommunications corporation. It has 266 million customers worldwide and employs 89,000 people in France, and 59,000 elsewhere. In 2015, ...
(formerly France Télécom) (the French State has owned under 50% of Orange since September 2004) – the French State remains (including ERAP): 26,94% * Pages Jaunes (
Yellow Pages The yellow pages are telephone directories of businesses, organized by category rather than alphabetically by business name, in which advertising is sold. The directories were originally printed on yellow paper, as opposed to white pages for ...
) (in 2004 France sold 32% of Pages Jaunes for €1.25 billion) *
Snecma Safran Aircraft Engines, previously Snecma (''Société nationale d'études et de construction de moteurs d'aviation'') or Snecma Moteurs, is a French aerospace engine manufacturer headquartered in Courcouronnes and a subsidiary of Safran. It ...
(in 2004 France sold 35% of Snecma for €1.45 billion) * Société nationale industrielle aérospatiale (2000) – merged with
DASA ''Dasa'' ( sa, दास, Dāsa) is a Sanskrit word found in ancient Indian texts such as the ''Rigveda'' and ''Arthasastra''. It usually means "enemy" or "servant" but ''dasa'', or ''das'', also means a "servant of God", "devotee," "votary" or "o ...
and CASA to form the
European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company Airbus SE (; ; ; ) is a European multinational aerospace corporation. Airbus designs, manufactures and sells civil and military aerospace products worldwide and manufactures aircraft throughout the world. The company has three divisions: '' ...
*
Thomson Multimédia Vantiva SA, formerly Technicolor SA, Thomson SARL, and Thomson Multimedia, is a French multinational corporation that provides creative services and technology products for the communication, media and entertainment industries. Vantiva's headq ...
**
Thomson Multimédia Vantiva SA, formerly Technicolor SA, Thomson SARL, and Thomson Multimedia, is a French multinational corporation that provides creative services and technology products for the communication, media and entertainment industries. Vantiva's headq ...
– now
Technicolor Technicolor is a series of Color motion picture film, color motion picture processes, the first version dating back to 1916, and followed by improved versions over several decades. Definitive Technicolor movies using three black and white films ...
**
Thomson-CSF Thomson-CSF was a French company that specialized in the development and manufacture of electronics with a heavy focus upon the aerospace and defence sectors of the market. Thomson-CSF was formed in 1968 following the merger of Thomson-Houst ...
– now
Thales Group Thales Group () is a French multinational company that designs, develops and manufactures electrical systems as well as devices and equipment for the aerospace, defence, transportation and security sectors. The company is headquartered in Paris' ...
; the French State remains 27% * SNCM (Société Nationale Maritime Corse Méditerranée) – ferry-company; privatized at the end of 2005; the French State remains 25% in SNCM


2010s

* Française des Jeux (FDJ) – in 2019 the French State sold off around 50% of its shares retaining 20%


Germany

*
Deutsche Bundespost The Deutsche Bundespost (German federal post office) was a German state-run postal service and telecommunications business founded in 1947. It was initially the second largest federal employer during its time. After staff reductions in the 198 ...
became in January 1995: **
Deutsche Post The Deutsche Post AG, operating under the trade name Deutsche Post DHL Group, is a German multinational package delivery and supply chain management company headquartered in Bonn, Germany. It is one of the world's largest courier companies. T ...
– the state owns 20.5% through the
KfW The KfW, which together with its subsidiaries DEG, KfW IPEX-Bank and FuB forms the KfW Bankengruppe ("banking group"), is a German state-owned investment bank, investment and Development finance institution, development bank, based in Frankfurt ...
. **
Deutsche Telekom Deutsche Telekom AG (; short form often just Telekom, DTAG or DT; stylised as ·T·) is a German telecommunications company that is headquartered in Bonn and is the largest telecommunications provider in Europe by revenue. Deutsche Telekom was ...
– the state still owns 32%, partly direct and partly through the
KfW The KfW, which together with its subsidiaries DEG, KfW IPEX-Bank and FuB forms the KfW Bankengruppe ("banking group"), is a German state-owned investment bank, investment and Development finance institution, development bank, based in Frankfurt ...
. **
Deutsche Postbank Postbank is the retail banking division of Deutsche Bank, which was formed from the demerger of the postal savings division of Deutsche Bundespost in 1990. Since May 2018, it operates as a brand of Deutsche Bank's retail arm. It serves 13 million ...
– in 2004 the state floated a minority stake for €2.5 billion *
Deutsche Bundesbahn The Deutsche Bundesbahn or DB (German Federal Railway) was formed as the state railway of the newly established Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) on 7 September 1949 as a successor of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (DRG). The DB remained ...
became
Deutsche Bahn The (; abbreviated as DB or DB AG) is the national railway company of Germany. Headquartered in the Bahntower in Berlin, it is a joint-stock company ( AG). The Federal Republic of Germany is its single shareholder. describes itself as the se ...
in 1994, although it is 100% state owned. *
UFA Ufa ( ba, Өфө , Öfö; russian: Уфа́, r=Ufá, p=ʊˈfa) is the largest city and capital of Bashkortostan, Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Belaya and Ufa rivers, in the centre-north of Bashkortostan, on hills forming the ...
underwent privatization in 1921


Ghana


Guinea


Greece

*
DESFA DESFA (National Natural Gas System Operator S.A.) is a natural gas transmission system operator in Greece. It was established on 30 March 2007 as a subsidiary of DEPA. In addition to the transmission system, the company also operates Greece's g ...
– On 20 December 2018, a consortium formed by
Snam Snam S.p.A. is an Italian energy infrastructure company. As of 31 December 2019, it had a market capitalization of €15.4 billion. Snam was originally a subsidiary of Italian energy company Eni. It has since become an independent company, who ...
(60%),
Enagás Enagás, S.A. (, originally an initialism for ) is a Spanish energy company and European transmission system operator (TSO), which owns and operates the nation's gas grid. The firm also owns four liquefied natural gas regasification terminals ...
(20%) and
Fluxys Fluxys is a Belgium-based company, mainly acting as a natural gas transmission system operator. In 2004, it employed around 850 people and its infrastructure comprised about of pipelines and a terminal in Zeebrugge, Belgium. The company is list ...
(20%) completed the acquisition of a 66% stake in DESFA for an amount of €535 million. *
Hellenic Petroleum Hellenic Petroleum S.A. is one of the largest oil companies in Southeast Europe and with its roots dating to 1958 with the establishment of the first oil refinery in Greece (Aspropyrgos). It adopted its current name in 1998, changing from the P ...
– Starting from the 1990s, the Greek Government gradually sold its shares in the company, and currently owns only 35.5% of the shares. *
Hellenic Vehicle Industry , romanized_name = Elliniki Viomihania Ohimaton , type = S.A. , industry = Automotive , predecessor = Steyr Hellas S.A. (1972-1987) , founded = in Thessaloniki , founder = , defunct = , hq_location_city = Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, ...
(ELVO) – In December 2020, 79% of the shares were acquired by an Israeli consortium formed by
Plasan Plasan ( he, פלסן) (incorporated as Plasan Sasa Ltd. and formerly as Plasan Sasa (ACS) Ltd.) is an Israeli based vehicle manufacturer. History Plasan Sasa, established in 1985, develops, manufactures, and assembles custom-built vehicle armor ...
and
SK Group SK Group (Korean: SK그룹, 에스케이그룹) is the second largest South Korean chaebol behind Samsung Group. SK Group is composed of 186 subsidiaries and affiliates that share the SK brand name and the group's management culture, named SKMS ( ...
. The Hellenic state continues to retains 21% of the shares. *
Olympic Airways Olympic Airlines ( el, Ολυμπιακές Αερογραμμές, ''Olympiakés Aerogrammés'' – OA), formerly named Olympic Airways for at least four decades, was the flag carrier airline of Greece. The airline's head office was located ...
– at first, then Olympic Airlines; the Hellenic State attempted to privatise the ailing airlines five times, more or less, from 2004 onwards. The company was folded and re-created in 2009, and privatized in 2012, under the supervision of the EU and IMF, as it was part of the debt-restructuring process of 2012. *
OPAP OPAP – Greek Organisation of Football Prognostics S.A. ( el, ΟΠΑΠ – Οργανισμός Προγνωστικών Αγώνων Ποδοσφαίρου Α.Ε.) is a Greek company organizing and conducting games of chance. It is headquarter ...
(Lottery and Betting Monopoly) – privatization completed in 2013, when the last remaining government-owned stock was sold *
OTE OTE is the national telecommunications provider of Greece. OTE may also refer to: * Ocean thermal energy conversion, a renewable energy source * Oda of Haldensleben (978–1023), daughter of the Margrave of the North March, Theoderich * On-tar ...
(Οργανισμός Τηλεπικοινωνιών Ελλάδος / Hellenic Telecommunications Company) – became partly privatised in the 1990s, when its only shareholder at the time, the Hellenic State, reduced its share of the company to 36%. Since May 2018,
Deutsche Telekom Deutsche Telekom AG (; short form often just Telekom, DTAG or DT; stylised as ·T·) is a German telecommunications company that is headquartered in Bonn and is the largest telecommunications provider in Europe by revenue. Deutsche Telekom was ...
owns 45% of the shares, and the Hellenic State has retained 5%. *
Piraeus Port Authority The Port of Piraeus ( el, Λιμάνι του Πειραιά) is the chief sea port of Athens, Greece, located on the Saronic Gulf on the western coasts of the Aegean Sea, the largest port in Greece and one of the largest in Europe. The Chinese ...
– In April 2016, HRADF sold 51% of
Piraeus Port Authority The Port of Piraeus ( el, Λιμάνι του Πειραιά) is the chief sea port of Athens, Greece, located on the Saronic Gulf on the western coasts of the Aegean Sea, the largest port in Greece and one of the largest in Europe. The Chinese ...
to the COSCO Group. *
Public Power Corporation The Public Power Corporation S.A. ( el, Δημόσια Επιχείρηση Ηλεκτρισμού A.E., translit=Dimosia Epicheirisi Ilektrismou A.E., abbreviated PPC, or DEI InfoCuriaCommission of the European Communities v Hellenic Republic Ca ...
– In 2001, PPC carried out a share flotation on the Athens Stock Exchange and consequently was no longer wholly owned by the government, although it was still controlled by it with a 51.12% stake until 2021. The company was privatised in November 2021, when the Greek government decreased its shareholding to 34.12% and transferred it to the Greek sovereign wealth fund, the Hellenic Corporation of Assets and Participations (HCAP). *
Thessaloniki Port Authority The Customs House, now passenger terminal, in the early 1900s. The Port of Thessaloniki ( el, Λιμάνι της Θεσσαλονίκης) is one of the largest seaports in the Eastern Mediterranean. It is considered the gateway Port to the Balk ...
– In March 2018, an international consortium acquired 67% of the shares, with the Hellenic State retaining 7.27%. *
TrainOSE Hellenic Train S.A., formerly TrainOSE S.A. ( el, ΤραινΟΣΕ Α.Ε., pronounced ''trenosé'') is a private railway company in Greece which currently operates passenger and freight trains on OSE lines. TrainOSE was acquired in September 201 ...
– It was acquired in September 2017 by the Italian railway company,
Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane S.p.A. ( "Italian Railways of the State"; previously only Ferrovie dello Stato, hence the abbreviation FS) is Italy's national state-owned railway holding company that manages transport, infrastructure, real estate ...
.


Hong Kong, China

* Hong Kong Mail Service *
Link REIT Link Real Estate Investment Trust (, or ; previously known as The Link Real Estate Investment Trust (, or ), managed by Link Asset Management Limited, is the first real estate investment trust in Hong Kong and currently the largest in Asia in ...
*
MTR Corporation MTR Corporation Limited is a majority government-owned public transport operator and property developer in Hong Kong which operates the Mass Transit Railway, the most popular public transport network in Hong Kong. It is listed on the Hong ...


Honduras


Iceland

* Búnaðarbanki Íslands hf – privatized in 1999–2003 *
Landsbanki Landsbanki (literally "national bank"), also commonly known as Landsbankinn (literally "the national bank") which is now the name of the current rebuilt bank (here called "New Landsbanki"), was one of the largest Icelandic commercial banks that f ...
Íslands hf – privatized in 1999–2003 * Landssími Íslands hf – privatized in 2005 * Skýrr hf – privatized in 1997–1998


India

*
Air India Air India is the flag carrier airline of India, headquartered at New Delhi. It is owned by Talace Private Limited, a Special-Purpose Vehicle (SPV) of Tata Sons, after Air India Limited's former owner, the Government of India, completed the sa ...
– sold to
Tata Group The Tata Group () is an Indian multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai. Established in 1868, it is India's largest conglomerate, with products and services in over 150 countries, and operations in 100 countries across six continent ...
in 2020 *
Bharat Aluminium Company Bharat Aluminium Company Ltd. (BALCO) was an Indian government owned aluminium producer under Ministry of Mines, Government of India. In 2000, the Ministry of Mines, Government of India sold it to Vedanta Resources when Atal Bihari Vajpayee ...
– sold to
Vedanta Limited Vedanta Limited is an Indian multinational mining company headquartered in Mumbai, India, with its main operations in iron ore, gold and aluminium mines in Goa, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Odisha. History Sterlite Industries Vedanta (then called St ...
in 2000 * CMC Limited – sold to
Tata Consultancy Services Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is an Indian multinational information technology (IT) services and consulting company with its headquarters in Mumbai. It is a part of the Tata Group and operates in 150 locations across 46 countries. In July ...
in 2001 * Lagan Engineering – in 2001 *
Hindustan Zinc Limited Hindustan Zinc Limited (HZL) is an Indian integrated mining and resources producer of zinc, lead, silver and cadmium. It is a subsidiary of Vedanta Limited. Earlier it was a Central Public Sector Undertaking, sold by Government of India to Ved ...
– sold to
Vedanta Limited Vedanta Limited is an Indian multinational mining company headquartered in Mumbai, India, with its main operations in iron ore, gold and aluminium mines in Goa, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Odisha. History Sterlite Industries Vedanta (then called St ...
in 2001 *
Maruti Udyog Limited Maruti Suzuki India Limited, formerly known as Maruti Udyog Limited, is an Indian automobile manufacturer, based in New Delhi. It was founded in 1981 and owned by the Government of India until 2003, when it was sold to the Japanese automaker ...
*
Modern Food Industries Modern Food Industries (India) Ltd (MFIL) was set up in 1965 as Modern Bakeries (India) Limited and owned by Government of India. It was situated at Kazhikundram, Taramani (Near Tidel Park), Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It was set up under the Colomb ...
– sold to
Hindustan Unilever Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL) is a consumer goods company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is a subsidiary of Unilever, a British company. Its products include foods, beverages, cleaning agents, personal care products, water purifi ...
in 2000 *
Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited Tata Communications Limited (previously known as Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited) is an Indian telecommunications company. It was previously a government- owned-telecommunications service provider and under the ownership of Department of Telec ...
– sold to
Tata Group The Tata Group () is an Indian multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai. Established in 1868, it is India's largest conglomerate, with products and services in over 150 countries, and operations in 100 countries across six continent ...
in 2008 *
Jessop & Company Jessop & Company Limited was an Indian Government owned engineering company based at Dum Dum, Kolkata, India. It was sold by Government of India to Ruia Group when Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Bharatiya Janta Party was in power. It is part of the ...
– sold to Ruia Group in 2003 *
Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited (IPCL) was a petrochemicals company in India. At the time of its divestment to Reliance Industries Limited, its turnover for the financial year 2005-06 had crossed the US $2 billion mark. History IPCL ...
– sold to
Reliance Industries Reliance Industries Limited is an Indian multinational conglomerate company, headquartered in Mumbai. It has diverse businesses including energy, petrochemicals, natural gas, retail, telecommunications, mass media, and textiles. Reliance is ...
*
Hindustan Petroleum Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) is an Indian oil and gas refining company headquartered in Mumbai. Since 2018, ONGC has owned a majority stake in the company. The company is ranked 367th on the ''Fortune Global 500'' list of t ...
- sold to
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation The Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) is a central public sector undertaking under the ownership of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India. It is headquartered in New Delhi. ONGC was founded on 14 August 1956 by the ...
in 2017 *
IDBI Bank The IDBI Bank Limited (IDBI Bank or IDBI) is a development finance institution under the ownership of Life Insurance Corporation of India and Government of India. It was established in 1964 as Industrial Development Bank of India, a developmen ...
- 51% majority sold to LIC in 2019 * Following Airports: **
Jaipur International Airport Jaipur International Airport is an international airport serving Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan. Jaipur International Airport has been declared as the 'World's Best Airport' in the category of 2 to 5 million passengers per annum for 2015 & ...
– owned and operated by public–private consortium led by
Adani Group Adani Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Ahmedabad. It was founded by Gautam Adani in 1988 as a commodity trading business, with the flagship company Adani Enterprises. The Group's diverse businesses include po ...
**
Cochin International Airport Cochin International Airport is an International airport serving the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. Located at Nedumbassery, about northeast of the city centre, Cochin International Airport is first of its kind which is develo ...
**
Mangalore International Airport Mangalore International Airport , is an international airport serving the coastal city of Mangalore, India. It is one of the only two international airports in Karnataka, the other being Kempegowda International Airport, Bangalore. Mangalore ...
– owned and operated by public–private consortium led by
Adani Group Adani Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Ahmedabad. It was founded by Gautam Adani in 1988 as a commodity trading business, with the flagship company Adani Enterprises. The Group's diverse businesses include po ...
**
Thiruvananthapuram International Airport Thiruvananthapuram International Airport , is an international airport which serves Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala, India. Established in 1932, it is the first airport in the state of Kerala and fifth international airport of In ...
– owned and operated by public–private consortium led by
Adani Group Adani Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Ahmedabad. It was founded by Gautam Adani in 1988 as a commodity trading business, with the flagship company Adani Enterprises. The Group's diverse businesses include po ...
** Indira Gandhi International Airport - Delhi – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by
GMR Group GMR Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate headquartered in New Delhi. The group was founded in 1978 by Grandhi Mallikarjuna Rao (G M Rao) and comprises several companies including GMR Infrastructure, GMR Energy, GMR Airports, GMR Ent ...
** Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport - Lucknow – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by
Adani Group Adani Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Ahmedabad. It was founded by Gautam Adani in 1988 as a commodity trading business, with the flagship company Adani Enterprises. The Group's diverse businesses include po ...
** Rajiv Gandhi International Airport - Hyderabad – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by
GMR Group GMR Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate headquartered in New Delhi. The group was founded in 1978 by Grandhi Mallikarjuna Rao (G M Rao) and comprises several companies including GMR Infrastructure, GMR Energy, GMR Airports, GMR Ent ...
** Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport - Mumbai – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by
Adani Group Adani Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Ahmedabad. It was founded by Gautam Adani in 1988 as a commodity trading business, with the flagship company Adani Enterprises. The Group's diverse businesses include po ...
** Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport - Ahmedabad – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by
Adani Group Adani Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Ahmedabad. It was founded by Gautam Adani in 1988 as a commodity trading business, with the flagship company Adani Enterprises. The Group's diverse businesses include po ...
** Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport - Guwahati – owned and operated by public–private consortium led by
Adani Group Adani Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Ahmedabad. It was founded by Gautam Adani in 1988 as a commodity trading business, with the flagship company Adani Enterprises. The Group's diverse businesses include po ...


Indonesia

* Aneka Gas Industri (partially sold to
Messer Group The Messer Group GmbH is a supplier of industrial gases. Business is focused on 30 European and Asian countries. The company headquarters are located in Bad Soden (Germany). Messer is selling gases for industrial use like oxygen, nitrogen, ar ...
and PT Tira Austenite in 1996, fully sold to Samator Gas in 2004) *
Indosat PT Indosat Tbk, trading as Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison, is a telecommunications provider in Indonesia which is owned by Ooredoo Hutchison Asia, a joint venture between Ooredoo and Hutchison Asia Telecom Group (a part of CK Hutchison Holdings) sinc ...
(sold to Temasek Holdings in 2002–2003)


Iran


Iraq

* (planned) most industries except oil, at the behest of the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
-sponsored government


Ireland

*
ACCBank ACC Loan Management Limited, formerly ACCBank plc, was originally a commercial bank in Ireland that focused on agriculture and SME lending, and later became a company that focussed on managing the lending facilities of its existing clients. The ba ...
– sold to
Rabobank Rabobank (; full name: ''Coöperatieve Rabobank U.A.'') is a Dutch multinational banking and financial services company headquartered in Utrecht, Netherlands. The group comprises 89 local Dutch Rabobanks (2019), a central organisation (Raboban ...
*
Aer Lingus Aer Lingus ( ; an anglicisation of the Irish , meaning "air fleet" compare Welsh 'llynges awyr') is the flag carrier of Ireland. Founded by the Irish Government, it was privatised between 2006 and 2015 and it is now a wholly owned subsidiary ...
– floated on the stock market * British and Irish Steampacket Company Limited – sold to
Irish Continental Group Irish Continental Group plc is an Irish shipping and transport group. Operating roll on/roll off passenger, freight and container freight services on routes between Ireland, the United Kingdom and Continental Europe. Irish Continental Group al ...
*
Cablelink Cablelink (formerly known as Conception Pay TV Network) is a subscription-based cable antenna television system operator and broadband Internet service provider in the Philippines which commenced its CATV operation in 1995. It is owned and operate ...
– sold to
NTL Ireland NTL Communications (Ireland) Limited was a cable television and Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS) company in Ireland. As of 2005 it was owned by Liberty Global Europe (see history, below), having been divested by NTL. It was r ...
; formerly held 50/50 by
Telecom Éireann Telecom Éireann (; meaning "Telecommunications of Ireland") was an Irish state-owned telecommunications company that operated from 1983 to 1999. Prior to then a telephone and postal service was provided by the Department of Posts and Telegraphs ...
and
Raidió Teilifís Éireann Raidi (; ; also written Ragdi; born August, 1938) is a Tibetan politician of the People's Republic of China. He served as a vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 2003 to 2008, and the highest ranking Tibeta ...
, both state-owned at the time * ICC Bank – sold to
Bank of Scotland The Bank of Scotland plc (Scottish Gaelic: ''Banca na h-Alba'') is a commercial and clearing bank based in Scotland and is part of the Lloyds Banking Group, following the Bank of Scotland's implosion in 2008. The bank was established by th ...
*
Irish Life Irish Life Assurance plc, commonly known as Irish Life, is an Irish life assurance and pensions company. Irish Life has been part of the Great-West Lifeco group of companies since 2013, when the Irish Government sold the business. Prior to 201 ...
– sold to
Irish Permanent Permanent TSB Group Holdings plc, formerly Irish Life and Permanent plc is a provider of personal financial services in Ireland. Irish Life Assurance plc and the Irish Permanent Building Society merged to form the Irish Life and Permanent Group ...
*
Irish National Petroleum Corporation The Irish National Petroleum Corporation (INPC) is a semi-defunct Irish State-owned company which owned and operated the Whiddy Island Terminal on Whiddy Island and Whitegate refinery at Whitegate, both in County Cork, Ireland. It was founded ...
– all assets sold to
ConocoPhillips ConocoPhillips Company is an American multinational corporation engaged in hydrocarbon exploration and production. It is based in the Energy Corridor district of Houston, Texas. The company has operations in 15 countries and has production in ...
, still exists in law *
Irish Steel Irish Steel Limited ( ga, Cruach na hÉireann Teoranta), later known as Irish Ispat Limited, was an State-sponsored bodies of the Republic of Ireland, Irish semi-state company which was involved in steelmaking, steel production primarily from a ...
– transferred ownership to Ispat, firm bankrupt, no longer exists *
Irish Sugar Greencore Group plc is a food company in Ireland. It was established by the Irish government in 1991, when Irish Sugar was privatised, but today Greencore's products are mainly convenience foods, not only in Ireland but also in the United Kingd ...
– floated on stock market as
Greencore Greencore Group plc is a food company in Ireland. It was established by the Irish government in 1991, when Irish Sugar was privatised, but today Greencore's products are mainly convenience foods, not only in Ireland but also in the United Kingd ...
; state retains one share for veto purposes * Nítrigin Éireann – sold to its other shareholder in Irish Fertiliser Industries, Richardsons, final firm called IFI, no longer exists *
Telecom Éireann Telecom Éireann (; meaning "Telecommunications of Ireland") was an Irish state-owned telecommunications company that operated from 1983 to 1999. Prior to then a telephone and postal service was provided by the Department of Posts and Telegraphs ...
– floated on the stock market * TSB Bank – bought by Irish Life and Permanent from the Government of Ireland in 2001


Israel

*
Bezeq Bezeq ( he, בזק) is an Israeli telecommunications company. Bezeq and its subsidiaries offer a range of telecom services, including fixed-line, mobile telephony, high-speed Internet, transmission, and pay TV (via Yes). History Bezeq was fo ...
*
El Al El Al Israel Airlines Ltd. (, he, אל על נתיבי אויר לישראל בע״מ), trading as El Al (Hebrew: , "Upwards", "To the Skies" or "Skywards", stylized as ELAL; ar, إل-عال), is the flag carrier of Israel. Since its inaugural ...
*
Bank Hapoalim Bank Hapoalim ( he, בנק הפועלים lit. ''The Workers' Bank'') is one of Israel's largest banks. History The bank was established in 1921 by the ''Histadrut'', the Israeli trade union congress (lit. "General Federation of Laborers in the ...
*
Bank Leumi Bank Leumi ( he, בנק לאומי, lit. ''National Bank''; ar, بنك لئومي) is an Israeli bank. It was founded on February 27, 1902, in Jaffa as the ''Anglo Palestine Company'' as subsidiary of the Jewish Colonial Trust (Jüdische Kolonia ...
(partial) *
Israel Chemicals ICL Group Ltd. (Hebrew: איי.סי. אל. גרופ בע"מ) (formerly Israel Chemicals Ltd., ICL) is a multi-national manufacturing concern that develops, produces and markets fertilizers, metals and other special-purpose chemical products. I ...
*
Israel Discount Bank Israel Discount Bank, Ltd. is a retail bank, commercial bank, private bank and financial services company headquartered in Tel Aviv with 112 branches throughout Israel. Discount Bank is a public company traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange und ...
(partial) *
RAFAEL Armament Development Authority Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. ( he, רפאל - מערכות לחימה מתקדמות בע"מ, formerly Rafael Armament Development Authority), ("Rafael" from Hebrew acronym of "Authority for the Development of Armaments" - ) is an Israel ...
(partial) *
Zim Integrated Shipping Services Zim Integrated Shipping Services Ltd., commonly known as ZIM ( he, צים, ''tsim''; a biblical word meaning "a fleet of ships", Numbers 24:24), is a Public company, publicly held Israeli international List of largest container shipping ...


Italy

*
INA Assitalia INA Assitalia S.p.A. was an insurance company, operating on the Italian market from 1912 to 2013. In the last years it belonged to the Assicurazioni Generali group. History INA, Istituto Nazionale delle Assicurazioni, was a public entity specia ...
* Enel S.p.A. (1999 32% €16.6 billion, 2003 6.6% €2.2 billion, 2004 20% €7.5 billion) *
Eni Eni S.p.A. () is an Italian multinational energy company headquartered in Rome. Considered one of the seven "supermajor" oil companies in the world, it has operations in 69 countries with a market capitalization of US$54.08 billion, as of 11 Ap ...
*
IRI IRI or I.R.I. refers to: Businesses and organizations * Iringa Airport, an airport in Tanzania serving Iringa and the surrounding Iringa Region by IATA airport code * India Rejuvenation Initiative, an Indian anti-corruption organization forme ...
(among which are Autostrade s.p.a.,
Credito Italiano Credito Italiano also known as just Credit, was an Italian bank, now part of UniCredit. It was merged with Unicredito in 1998, forming Unicredito Italiano (now UniCredit). Circa 1999 to 2002 UniCredit created a new subsidiary of the same name to ru ...
) *
Telecom Italia Gruppo TIM, legally TIM S.p.A. (formerly Telecom Italia S.p.A.), also known as the TIM Group in English, is an Italian telecommunications company with headquarters in Rome, Milan, and Naples, (with the Telecom Italia Tower) which provides fixe ...
* Terna (Enel sold 43.5% for €1.48 billion in June 2004)


Japan

*
Japan Airlines , also known as JAL (''Jaru'') or , is an international airline and Japan's flag carrier and largest airline as of 2021 and 2022, headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo. Its main hubs are Tokyo's Narita International Airport and Haneda Airport, as w ...
*
Japan Highway Public Corporation , or JH, was a public company established after World War II to construct and manage highway networks in Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Paci ...
*
Japan Post was a Japanese statutory corporation that existed from 2003 to 2007, offering postal and package delivery services, Retail banking, banking services, and life insurance. It's the nation's largest employer, with over 400,000 employees, and run ...
(half-privatized) *
Japan Railways Group The Japan Railways Group, more commonly known as the or simply JR, consists of seven for-profit stock companies that took over most of the assets and operations of the government-owned Japanese National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987. Mo ...
(formerly
Japanese National Railways The abbreviated JNR or , was the business entity that operated Japan's national railway network from 1949 to 1987. Network Railways As of June 1, 1949, the date of establishment of JNR, it operated of narrow gauge () railways in all 46 pref ...
) *
Japan Tobacco Hepburn: ''Nippon Senbai Kōsha'' , type = 1985-: Public (''kabushiki gaisha'') 1949-1985: Statutory corporation , traded_as = , industry = FoodTobacco , foundation = 1898 (as Imperial Japanese Tobacco Company)1 June 1949 (as Japan Tobacco ...
* New Tokyo International Airport Authority (Narita) * Nippon Express *
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone , commonly known as NTT, is a Japanese telecommunications company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Ranked 55th in Fortune Global 500, ''Fortune'' Global 500, NTT is the fourth largest telecommunications company in the world in terms of revenue, as w ...


Jordan

* Aramex International (Q1 2005, 75% for $150–200 million) * Jordan Telecom *
Queen Alia International Airport Queen Alia International Airport ( ar, مطار الملكة علياء الدولي, Maṭār al-Malika ʿAlyāʾ ad-Dawaliyy) is an international airport located in Zizya, 30 kilometers (18 miles) south of Amman, Jordan's capital city, as w ...


South Korea

*
Korea Electric Power Korea Electric Power Corporation, better known as KEPCO (Hangul: 켑코) or Hanjeon (Hangul: 한전), is the largest electric utility in South Korea, responsible for the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity and the developme ...
(KEPCO; half-privatized) *
Korea Telecom KT Corporation (Hangul: 주식회사 케이티), formerly Korea Telecom, is a South Korean telecommunications company. KT is the second-largest wireless carrier in South Korea, with 16.493 million subscribers as of Q4 2017. The formerly fully ...
*
KOGAS Korea Gas Corporation (KOGAS) is a South Korean public natural gas company that was established by the Korean government in 1983. KOGAS has grown into the largest LNG-importing company in the world and operates four LNG regasification terminals ...
*
KT&G KT&G Corporation (), originally Korea Tobacco & Ginseng, is the leading tobacco company in South Korea with annual sales over US$4 billion. KT&G was originally a government-owned monopoly but was privatized and today is publicly traded, competing ...
(Korea Tobacco & Ginseng) *
POSCO POSCO (formerly Pohang Iron and Steel Company) is a South Korean steel-making company headquartered in Pohang, South Korea. It had an output of of crude steel in 2015, making it the world's fourth-largest steelmaker by this measure. In 2010, i ...
(Pohang Iron & Steel)


Kuwait

*
Kuwait Finance House Kuwait Finance House ( ar, بيت التمويل الكويتي) (KFH) was established in the Kuwait, State of Kuwait, in 1977, as the first bank operating in accordance with the Islamic Sharia, Shari'a rulings. KFH is listed in Kuwait Stock Exch ...
(November 2004, 25% of the company for $1 billion)


Malaysia

* Johor Water Corporation *
Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) (Jawi: كريتاڤي تانه ملايو برحد) or Malayan Railways Limited is the main rail operator in Peninsular Malaysia. The railway system dates back to the British colonial era, when it was firs ...
– national railway company *
Malaysia Airlines Malaysia Airlines Berhad (MAB; ms, Penerbangan Malaysia Berhad), formerly known as Malaysian Airline System (MAS; ), and branded as Malaysia Airlines, is the flag carrier airline of Malaysia and a member of the Oneworld airline alliance. (The ...
* Malaysia Airports Holdings *
Pasir Gudang Pasir Gudang is a city in Johor Bahru District, Johor, Malaysia. The main industries are transportation and logistics, shipbuilding, petrochemicals and other heavy industries, and oil palm storage and distribution, which is located in Johor Port ...
Local Authority *
Pos Malaysia Pos Malaysia Berhad ( en, Malaysian Post, ) is a postal delivery service in Malaysia, with history dating back to early 1800s. Services Pos Malaysia provides postal and related services, namely: * Standard Mail (Flexipack Domestic, Standard M ...
– national postal services *
Senai International Airport Senai International Airport, formerly known as Sultan Ismail International Airport ( is an international airport in the town of Senai, Kulai District, Johor, Malaysia, serving Johor Bahru and the southernmost region of Peninsular Malaysia. The a ...
*
Telekom Malaysia Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM) is a Malaysian telecommunications company founded in 1984. Beginning as the national telecommunications company for fixed line, radio and television broadcasting services, it has evolved to become the country's larg ...
* Tenaga National Berhad – national electricity-generation and distribution


Mexico

1,150 public companies, including banks, railroads, the telephone company, mines, roads, TV stations, ports, airports, airlines, sugar mills, and retirement funds.


Morocco


Netherlands

* PTT, the mail and telecom company


New Zealand

*
Air New Zealand Air New Zealand Limited () is the flag carrier airline of New Zealand. Based in Auckland, the airline operates scheduled passenger flights to 20 domestic and 30 international destinations in 18 countries, primarily around and within the Pacific ...
– privatized in 1989, subsequently rescued by the
Government of New Zealand , background_color = #012169 , image = New Zealand Government wordmark.svg , image_size=250px , date_established = , country = New Zealand , leader_title = Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern , appointed = Governor-General , main_organ = , ...
in 2001 *
Auckland Airport Auckland Airport is the largest and busiest airport in New Zealand, with over 21 million passengers in the year ended March 2019. The airport is located near Māngere, a residential suburb, and Airport Oaks, a service hub suburb south of the ...
*
Bank of New Zealand Bank of New Zealand (BNZ) is one of New Zealand's Big Four (banking), big four banks and has been operating in the country since the first office was opened in Auckland in October 1861 followed shortly after by the first branch in Dunedin in D ...
– semi-privatized in 1987; rescued by the
Crown A crown is a traditional form of head adornment, or hat, worn by monarchs as a symbol of their power and dignity. A crown is often, by extension, a symbol of the monarch's government or items endorsed by it. The word itself is used, partic ...
in 1990; sold off in 1992 *
Electricity Corporation of New Zealand The Electricity Corporation of New Zealand Ltd (ECNZ) is a New Zealand state-owned enterprise (SOE) formed on 1 April 1987, as a transition entity in the process of deregulating the New Zealand electricity market. Most of ECNZ's remaining liabil ...
(ECNZ) – part of which became privatized as
Contact Energy Contact Energy Limited is a New Zealand electricity generation, electricity generator, a wholesaler of natural gas, and a retailer of electricity retailing, electricity, natural gas, broadband and Liquefied petroleum gas, LPG. It is the second- ...
in the period 1995–1998 * Government Print *
Ministry of Works and Development The New Zealand Ministry of Works and Development, formerly the Department of Public Works and often referred to as the Public Works Department or PWD, was founded in 1876 and disestablished and privatised in 1988. The Ministry had its own Cabi ...
* Natural Gas Corporation (NGC), ultimately absorbed into Vector Limited *
New Zealand Steel New Zealand Steel Limited is the owner of the Glenbrook Steel Mill, the steel mill located 40 kilometres south of Auckland, in Glenbrook, New Zealand. The mill was constructed in 1968 and began producing steel products in 1969. Currently, the ...
– privatized from 1987, now part of
BlueScope BlueScope Steel Limited is an Australian flat product steel producer that was spun-off from BHP Billiton in 2002. History BlueScope was formed when BHP Billiton spun-off its steel assets on 15 July 2002 as BHP Steel. It was renamed BlueScope ...
* The Post Office Savings Bank (POSB) – bought by the
ANZ Bank ANZ may refer to: People * Anz (musician), a British DJ and electronic musician Banks * ANZ (bank), Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited, the fourth-largest bank in Australia ** ANZ Bank New Zealand, the largest bank in New Zealand ...
in 1989 *
Telecom New Zealand Spark New Zealand Limited is a New Zealand telecommunications company providing fixed-line telephone services, a mobile phone network, internet access services, and (through its Spark Digital division) ICT services to businesses. It was know ...
– privatized in 1990 * New Zealand Rail Limited – privatized in 1993, became
Tranz Rail Tranz Rail, formally Tranz Rail Holdings Limited (New Zealand Rail Limited until 1995), was the main Rail transport in New Zealand, rail operator in New Zealand from 1991 until it was purchased by Toll Holdings in 2003. History The New Zealand ...
Limited in 1995; the government subsequently repurchased the track lease * various
council-controlled organisations Council-controlled organisations (CCOs) and council-controlled trading organisations in New Zealand are what were formerly known as '' local-authority trading enterprises'' (''LATEs''). Introduced under Sections 6 and 7 of the ''Local Government Ac ...
formerly owned by
territorial authorities Territorial authorities are the second tier of local government in New Zealand, below regional councils. There are 67 territorial authorities: 13 city councils, 53 district councils and the Chatham Islands Council. District councils serve a ...
: see also
Local Authority Trading Enterprise A local authority trading enterprise (LATE) was an organisation established in New Zealand under the Local Government Act 1974. The 1989 legislation assigned regional councils planning and funding responsibilities, but not the transport supplier ...
s (LATEs)


Norway

*
Arcus Arcus may refer to: Businesses and organizations *ARCUS, the Arctic Research Consortium of the United States, supporting Arctic policy in the U.S. *Arcus AS, a Norwegian producer of liquor * Arcus Co., a Bulgarian firearm manufacturer *Arcus Fou ...
(sold to Sucra in 2001) *
Christiania Bank Christiania Bank og Kreditkasse, branded domestically as Kreditkassen or K-Bank and internationally as Christiania Bank was a Norway, Norwegian bank that existed between 1848 and 2000 when it merger, merged with MeritaNordbanken and became Nordea ...
og Kreditkasse (sold to
Nordea Nordea Bank Abp, commonly referred to as Nordea, is a European financial services group operating in northern Europe and based in Helsinki, Finland. The name is a blend of the words "Nordic" and "idea". The bank is the result of the successive m ...
in 2000) *
DnB NOR DNB ASA (formerly DnB NOR ASA) is Norway's largest financial services group with total combined assets of more than NOK 1.9 trillion and a market capitalisation NOK 164 billion as of 20 May 2016. DNB's head office is located in Oslo. The two lar ...
(floated on the stock market in 1995, government retains 34%) * Finnmark Fylkesrederi og Ruteselskap (sold to
Veolia Transport Norge Boreal Norge AS (formerly Veolia Transport Norge AS and Connex Norge AS) is a Norwegian public transport operator. Established as a subsidiary of CGEA Transport in 1999, it operates through its subsidiaries buses, ferries and trams in the counti ...
in 2003) *
Fredrikstad Energi Fredrikstad Energi, branded as FEAS is a Norwegian power company that operates in Fredrikstad and Hvaler. The company is owned by the Municipality of Fredrikstad (51%) and Fortum (49%). The company has bought a number of privatized Priva ...
(49% sold to
Fortum Fortum Oyj is a Finnish state-owned energy company located in Espoo, Finland. In addition to Finland, it focuses on Germany and other countries in Central Europe, Great Britain, Russia and the Nordic region. Fortum operates power plants, inc ...
) *
Kongsberg Gruppen Kongsberg Gruppen is an international technology group headquartered in Norway, that supplies high-technology systems to customers in the merchant marine, defence, aerospace, offshore oil and gas industries, and renewable and utilities industri ...
(floated on the stock market in 1993, government retains 50%) *
Norsk Medisinaldepot Norsk Medisinaldepot AS is a pharmaceutics and healthcare products wholesaler in Norway. It also operates the pharmacy chains Vitusapotek and the franchise chain Ditt Apotek. NMD is part of the Celesio group and has a total of 185 pharmacies in N ...
(sold to
Celesio McKesson Europe AG (formerly Celesio AG, previously Gehe AG), with its headquarters in Stuttgart, Germany, is a leading international wholesale and retail company and provider of logistics and services in the pharmaceutical and healthcare sect ...
in 2001) * NSB Gods (now CargoNet, partially sold to
Green Cargo Green Cargo AB is a Swedish state-owned logistics company transporting various types of goods by train. It was created on 1 January 2001 out of the logistics division of Swedish State Railways (SJ) and became a government-owned limited co ...
in 2002, NSB retains 55%) * Oslo Energi (parts merged with
Hafslund Hafslund is a borough located east of the city centre in the city of Sarpsborg, Norway, Before 1992, Hafslund was a part of Skjeberg municipality. The name Hafslund, which is composed of ''Hafr'', the Old Norse name for husband and ''lundr'' mean ...
) *
Postbanken Postbanken (lit. The Postal Bank) was a Norwegian postal savings bank. The bank offered its services through the Norwegian post office. It was first merged into DNB ASA as a subsidiary, and then dissolved in 2011. History Postbanken was founded ...
(merged with
DnB NOR DNB ASA (formerly DnB NOR ASA) is Norway's largest financial services group with total combined assets of more than NOK 1.9 trillion and a market capitalisation NOK 164 billion as of 20 May 2016. DNB's head office is located in Oslo. The two lar ...
in 1999) * Statkorn (floated on the stock market as Cermaq in 2000, government retains 44%) *
Statoil Equinor ASA (formerly Statoil and StatoilHydro) is a Norwegian state owned enterprise, state-owned multinational energy company headquartered in Stavanger. It is primarily a petroleum company, petroleum company, operating in 36 countries with ad ...
(floated on the stock market in 2001, government retains 71%) *
Telenor Telenor ASA ( or ) is a Norwegian majority state-owned multinational telecommunications company headquartered at Fornebu in Bærum, close to Oslo. It is one of the world's largest mobile telecommunications companies with operations worldwide, ...
(floated on the stock market in 2000, government retains 54%) *
TrønderBilene TrønderBilene AS is a bus company operating in Trøndelag, Norway. As of 2009, it has 324 employees and 238 buses, and is owned by Torghatten ASA. The company operates both coach, bus, charter and school routes, as well as some truck and garag ...
(66% sold to
Fosen Trafikklag Fosen Trafikklag is a company operating buses and ferries in Trøndelag and Østlandet in Norway. In total the company has approximately 750 vehicles and 16 ships, though numerous of them operate by subsidiaries. The company merged with Namos T ...
in 1999) * Østfold Energi (parts sold to
Fortum Fortum Oyj is a Finnish state-owned energy company located in Espoo, Finland. In addition to Finland, it focuses on Germany and other countries in Central Europe, Great Britain, Russia and the Nordic region. Fortum operates power plants, inc ...
in 2001) *
Årdal og Sunndal Verk Årdal og Sunndal Verk or ÅSV is a defunct Norwegian state owned company that operated the aluminum plants in Årdal, Sunndal, Høyanger and Holmestrand. The company was established to take advantage of the hydro-electric power plants in the re ...
(merged with
Norsk Hydro Norsk Hydro ASA (often referred to as just ''Hydro'') is a Norwegian aluminium and renewable energy company, headquartered in Oslo. It is one of the largest aluminium companies worldwide. It has operations in some 50 countries around the world an ...
in 1986)


Pakistan

*
National Refinery Limited National Refinery Limited (NRL) () is a Pakistani oil refinery which is a subsidiary of UK-domiciled Attock Oil Company. It is based in Korangi Creek, Karachi, Pakistan. It is a petroleum refinery and petrochemical complex engaged in the manuf ...
(acquired by
Attock Group of Companies Attock Oil Company, informally called Attock Group, also known as Pharaon Group, is a UK-domiciled conglomerate company based in Manchester, England, United Kingdom. It is the sole vertically integrated oil conglomerate company active in Pakista ...
in July 2005) * Pakistan Telecom sold out to Eitisalat in 2006.


Peru

* AeroPeru – Peruvian Air Transport Enterprise (sold to
Aeroméxico Aerovías de México, S.A. de C.V. () operating as Aeroméxico (; stylized as AM), is the flag carrier airline of Mexico, based in Mexico City. It operates scheduled services to more than 90 destinations in Mexico; North, South and Central Ameri ...
in 1993, closed in 1999) * ENATRU – National Urban Transport Enterprise (sold to the employees) * Empresa Regional de Servicio Público de Electricidad del Sur Medio – ELECTRODUNAS (Sold to HICA) *
SIDERPERU SIDERPERU is a Peruvian steel and iron company and controlled by Gerdau, a Brazilian siderurgy company. The company was founded in 1956 in Chimbote city. The steel complex is set in a 600 hectares large site and has a production capacity of mor ...
(Sold to Sider Corporation S.A) * PESCAPERU – Fishing National Enterprise * MINEROPERU – Peruvian National Mining Company * Tintaya (sold to Magma Copper Corporation) * Ilo Mining (sold to
Southern Peru Copper Corporation Southern Copper Corporation is a mining company that was founded in 1952. The current incarnation of Southern Copper can be traced to the 2005 acquisition of Southern Peru Copper Corporation by the Mexican copper producer Minera México. 88.9 pe ...
, and since 2018 is part of Grupo Mexico) * Centromin – Mining of Central Peru * Hierro Peru (Sold to
Shougang Group Shougang Group Co., Ltd., formerly Shougang Corporation is a Chinese state-owned steel company. Based in Beijing, its the Shijingshan district operations were moved out of the city prior to the Olympics due to concerns over pollution. Its subs ...
) * National Company of Gas – SOL GAS (sold to
Repsol Repsol S.A.
El Nuevo Herald, 2012-05-31
Originally an init ...
) * EDEGEL (sold to
Endesa Endesa, S.A. (, originally an initialism for ''Empresa Nacional de Electricidad, S.A''.) is a Spanish multinational electric utility company, the largest in the country. The firm, a majority-owned subsidiary of the Italian utility company Enel, ...
in 1996, since 2016 is part of
Enel Enel S.p.A. is an Italian Multinational corporation, multinational manufacturer and distributor of electricity and gas. Enel, which originally stood for Ente nazionale per l'energia elettrica (National Electricity Board), was first established ...
) * ENAFER (Parts of Peru Rail, Fetransa and FCCA) * CPT – ENTEL (Sold to Telefonica in 1994) * EDELNOR (sold to
Endesa Endesa, S.A. (, originally an initialism for ''Empresa Nacional de Electricidad, S.A''.) is a Spanish multinational electric utility company, the largest in the country. The firm, a majority-owned subsidiary of the Italian utility company Enel, ...
in 1994, since 2016 is part of
Enel Enel S.p.A. is an Italian Multinational corporation, multinational manufacturer and distributor of electricity and gas. Enel, which originally stood for Ente nazionale per l'energia elettrica (National Electricity Board), was first established ...
) * EDELSUR (sold to
Sempra Energy Sempra is a North American energy infrastructure company based in San Diego, California. The company is one of the largest utility holding companies in the United States with roughly 40 million consumers. Sempra's focus is on electric and natura ...
in 1994, since 2019 is part of CTG) * Banco Continental del Peru (Sold to BBV and since 1999 part of
BBVA Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. (), better known by its initialism BBVA, is a Spanish multinational financial services company based in Madrid and Bilbao, Spain. It is one of the largest financial institutions in the world, and is present ...
) *
Inter bank Inter may refer to: Association football clubs * Inter Milan, an Italian club * SC Internacional, a Brazilian club * Inter Miami CF, an American club * FC Inter Sibiu, a Romanian club * FC Inter Turku, a Finnish club * FK Inter Bratislava, a forme ...
(Part of Banco Internacional del Peru)


Philippines


Poland

* Telekomunikacja Polska S.A.


Portugal

* ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal (Portuguese airports) * CIMPOR *
CTT CTT – Correios de Portugal, S.A. () is a Portuguese company that operates as both the national postal service of Portugal and a commercial group with subsidiaries operating in banking, e-commerce, and other postal services. It was founded in ...
– Portuguese post * EDP – Energia de Portugal * Fidelidade – the insurance part of the CGD public bank *
Galp Energia Galp Energia, SGPS, S.A. is a Portuguese multinational energy corporation, headquartered in Lisbon, Portugal. Galp consists of more than 100 companies engaged in every aspect of the oil and natural gas supply, hydrocarbon exploration and productio ...
– national petroleum company *
Portugal Telecom Altice Portugal (formerly known as Portugal Telecom or PT) is the largest telecommunications service provider in Portugal. Since June 2, 2015, the company has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Altice Europe, a multinational cable and telecommuni ...
– national telecommunications company *
REN Ren or REN may refer to: Abbreviations * Orenburg Tsentralny Airport, IATA code REN, civil airport in Russia * Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN), Portuguese company * Renanthera, abbreviated as Ren, orchid genus * Ringer equivalence number ( ...
– Rede Eléctrica Nacional * TAP – airline


Qatar

*
Qatargas Qatargas is the world's largest liquefied natural gas (LNG) company. It produces and supplies the globe with 77 million metric tonnes of LNG annually from across its seven ventures—Qatargas 1, Qatargas 2, Qatargas 3, Qatargas 4, RL1, RL2 a ...
(Q1 2005, 50% for $600 million)


Romania

*
Rompetrol Rompetrol is a crude oil development, producer, and refiner based in Romania. It also markets and distributes refined petroleum products through its chain of gasoline and diesel fuel stations. Established as a state-owned company in 1974, it w ...
– petroleum company (1993 & 1998) * Ursus Breweries – beer brewer and distributor (1996) * Romcim (now Lafarge Romania) – industrial materials company (1997) * Casial Hunedoara (now
HeidelbergCement HeidelbergCement is a German multinational building materials company headquartered in Heidelberg, Germany. It is a DAX corporation and is one of the largest building materials companies in the world. On 1 July 2016, HeidelbergCement AG complete ...
Romania) – industrial materials company (1997) *
Romtelecom Telekom Romania Communications (formerly known as Romtelecom) is a Romanian telecommunications company, which provides fixed voice, television and data services, for residential and business customers in Romania. As of 2020, Telekom Romania Commun ...
(now Telekom Romania) – telecommunications company (1998 & 2003) *
BRD – Groupe Société Générale BRD – Groupe Société Générale is a Romanian bank which is based in Bucharest, Romania. It was founded in 1923 and is currently the third largest bank by assets (about 10.9 bn €) in Romania. The majority of shares are owned by French Soci ...
– bank (1999) *
Automobile Dacia S.C. Automobile Dacia S.A., commonly known as Dacia (), is a Romanian car manufacturer that takes its name from the historical region that constitutes present-day Romania. The company was established in 1966. In 1999, after 33 years, the Rom ...
– car manufacturer (1999) * Astra Rail Industries – rail vehicle manufacturer (1999 & 2000) *
Petromidia Refinery Petromidia Refinery is the largest Romanian oil refinery and one of the largest in Eastern Europe, located in Năvodari, Constanța County. It has an annual processing capacity of 4.8 million tonnes/year or . The refinery is supplied with oil thro ...
– oil refinery (2000) * Sidex (now
ArcelorMittal ArcelorMittal S.A. is a Luxembourgian multinational steel manufacturing corporation headquartered in Luxembourg City. It was formed in 2006 from the takeover and merger of Arcelor by Indian-owned Mittal Steel. ArcelorMittal is the second larg ...
Galați) – steelworks (2001) * Alro – aluminium company (2002) *
Petrom OMV Petrom S.A. is a Romanian integrated oil company, controlled by Austria's OMV. It is one of the largest corporations in Romania and the largest oil and gas producer in Southeast Europe. Since 2004 it is a subsidiary of OMV. History In lat ...
– petroleum company (2004) *
Banca Comercială Română Banca Comercială Română (BCR) (SWIFT code: RNCBROBU), a member of Erste Group Erste Group Bank AG (Erste Group) is an Austrian financial service provider in Central and Eastern Europe serving 15.7 million clients in over 2,700 branches ...
– bank (2003 & 2006) *
Electrica Electrica is a private company, listed on the Bucharest and London stock exchanges. Electrica is the only listed Romanian company in the field of electricity distribution and supply in Romania. Electrica Group is a key player in the electricity di ...
– electricity distributor (2006, 2008 & 2014) *
Automobile Craiova Oltena (officially ''S.C. Automobile Craiova S.A.'') was a Romanian car manufacturer formed in 1991 after the takeover of the Oltcit shares held by Citroën by the Romanian state. From 1994 and up until 2006, ''Automobile Craiova S.A.'' (''ACSA' ...
(now
Ford Romania Ford Romania is an automobile manufacturing company operated by Ford of Europe, located in Craiova, Romania. History 20th century Royal Garage imported Ford cars as early as May 1911. Shortly, other agencies such as Colin & Co., Leonida & Co., Noe ...
) – car manufacturer (2007)


Russia

A wide-scale privatization program was launched in 1992–1994, using a
voucher privatization Voucher privatization is a privatization method where citizens are given or can inexpensively buy a book of vouchers that represent potential shares in any state-owned company. Voucher privatization has mainly been used in the early to mid-1990s i ...
scheme; from 1995, a monetary scheme was used. *
Gazprom PJSC Gazprom ( rus, Газпром, , ɡɐzˈprom) is a Russian majority state-owned multinational energy corporation headquartered in the Lakhta Center in Saint Petersburg. As of 2019, with sales over $120 billion, it was ranked as the larges ...
(1994) *
LUKoil The PJSC Lukoil Oil Company ( stylized as LUKOIL or ЛУКОЙЛ in Cyrillic script) is a Russian multinational energy corporation headquartered in Moscow, specializing in the business of extraction, production, transport, and sale of petrol ...
(1995) *
Mechel Mechel (russian: ПАО «Мечел») is one of Russia's mining and metals companies, comprising producers of coal, iron ore in concentrate, steel, rolled steel products. Headquartered in Moscow, it sells its products in Russia and overseas, and ...
(1995) *
MMC Norilsk Nickel Norilsk Nickel (russian: ГМК «Норильский никель»), or Nornickel, is a Russian nickel and palladium mining and smelting company. Its largest operations are located in the Norilsk–Talnakh area near the Yenisei River in the no ...
(1995) *
Novolipetsk Steel Novolipetsk Steel, or NLMK, is one of the four largest steel companies in Russia. NLMK's share of domestic crude steel production is about 21%. It primarily produces flat steel products, semi-finished steel products and electrical steels. NLMK a ...
(1995) *
Surgutneftegaz Surgutneftegas ( rus, ПАО «Сургутнефтегаз», p=sʊrɡʊtnʲɪftʲɪˈɡas) is a Russian oil and gas company created by merging several previously state-owned companies owning large oil and gas reserves in Western Siberia. The ...
(1995) *
YUKOS OJSC "Yukos Oil Company" (russian: ОАО Нефтяна́я Компа́ния Ю́КОС, links=no, ) was an oil and gas company based in Moscow, Russia. Yukos was acquired from the Russian government by Russian oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovs ...
(1995)


Saudi Arabia

* Al-Bilad Bank (2008, 50%) * Bank Al-Inma (2008, 70%) * Government Hotels (2005, 100% of King Abdullah International Convention Centre in
Jeddah Jeddah ( ), also spelled Jedda, Jiddah or Jidda ( ; ar, , Jidda, ), is a city in the Hejaz region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the country's commercial center. Established in the 6th century BC as a fishing village, Jeddah's pro ...
and
Ritz Carlton The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, LLC is an American multinational company that operates the luxury hotel chain known as The Ritz-Carlton. The company has 108 luxury hotels and resorts in 30 countries and territories with 29,158 rooms, in addit ...
in
Riyadh Riyadh (, ar, الرياض, 'ar-Riyāḍ, lit.: 'The Gardens' Najdi pronunciation: ), formerly known as Hajr al-Yamamah, is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia. It is also the capital of the Riyadh Province and the centre of the R ...
) *
Maaden Maaden () is a village and rural commune in Mauritania Mauritania (; ar, موريتانيا, ', french: Mauritanie; Berber: ''Agawej'' or ''Cengit''; Pulaar: ''Moritani''; Wolof: ''Gànnaar''; Soninke:), officially the Islamic Republi ...
(2008, 50%) * National Commercial Bank (2014, 25%) *
Riyad Bank Riyad Bank is one of the largest financial institutions in Saudi Arabia, ranked fourth in assets
(2008, 58%) *
SABIC Saudi Basic Industries Corporation ( ar, الشركة السعودية للصناعات الأساسية), known as SABIC ( ar, سابك), is a Saudi chemical manufacturing company. 70% of SABIC's shares are owned by Saudi Aramco. It is active in ...
(1984, 30%) *
Saudi Arabian Airlines Saudia ( ar, السعودية '), formerly known as Saudi Arabian Airlines (), is the flag carrier of Saudi Arabia, based in Jeddah. The airline's main operational base is at King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah. King Khalid Internati ...
(2006, split into 10 business units, 5 of which were privatized) * Saudi Electric Company (2000, 26%) *
Saudi Ports Saudi may refer to: * Saudi Arabia * Saudis, people from Saudi Arabia * Saudi culture, the culture of Saudi Arabia * House of Saud The House of Saud ( ar, آل سُعُود, ʾĀl Suʿūd ) is the ruling royal family of Saudi Arabia. It is ...
(1997, 27 management contracts were given out to various ports around the Kingdom) * Saudi Real Estate Company (2003, 50%) *
Saudi Telecom Company Saudi Telecommunication Company (stylized as stc) (Arabic: شركة إتصالات السعودية ) is the Saudi digital enabler of telecommunications services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and among the operators in the Middle East. The comp ...
(2002, 30%)


Singapore

*
Port of Singapore Authority PSA International Pte Ltd is a port operator and supply chain company, with flagship operations in Singapore and Antwerp. One of the largest port operators in the world, PSA has terminals across 26 countries, including deepsea, rail and inland f ...
(1997) * Post Office Savings Bank (bought by
DBS Bank DBS Bank Limited, often known as DBS, is a Singaporean multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered at the Marina Bay Financial Centre in the Marina Bay district of Singapore. The bank was previously known as The Dev ...
in 1998 and rebranded as
POSBank POSB Bank, often known as POSB, is a Singaporean bank offering consumer banking services and is the oldest local bank in continuous operation in Singapore. Established on 1 January 1877 as the Post Office Savings Bank,Consulton Research Bureau. ...
) *
Singapore Broadcasting Corporation Mediacorp Pte. Ltd., doing business as Mediacorp and stylised as mediacorp, is a media conglomerate in Singapore. Owned by Temasek Holdings—the holding company of the Government of Singapore—it owns television, radio, and digital media prope ...
(1994, as the
Television Corporation of Singapore Mediacorp Pte. Ltd., doing business as Mediacorp and stylised as mediacorp, is a media conglomerate in Singapore. Owned by Temasek Holdings—the holding company of the Government of Singapore—it owns television, radio, and digital media prope ...
; later renamed
MediaCorp Mediacorp Pte. Ltd., doing business as Mediacorp and stylised as mediacorp, is a media conglomerate in Singapore. Owned by Temasek Holdings—the holding company of the Government of Singapore—it owns television, radio, and digital media prope ...
in 2001) – owned by the government through government-owned investment firms *
Singapore Post Singapore Post Limited (), commonly abbreviated as SingPost, is an associate company of Singtel and Singapore's designated Public Postal Licensee which provides domestic and international postal services. It also provides logistics services in ...
– owned by the government through government-owned investment firms *
Singapore Power Singapore Power Limited, trading as SP Group ( abbreviation: SP) is a government-affliated electricity and gas distribution company in Singapore. Singapore Power Group is the corporatised entity of the former electricity and gas departments of ...
– owned by the government through government-owned investment firms *
Singapore Telecommunications Singapore Telecommunications Limited, commonly known as Singtel, is a Singaporean telecommunications conglomerate and one of the four major telcos operating in the country. The company is the largest mobile network operator in Singapore with ...
(1992) – owned by the government through government-owned investment firms


Slovakia


South Africa

* Iscor – Now known as ArcelorMittal South Africa, the company was privatised in 1989. * Telkom – Gradually privatised starting with the IPO in 2003. The government currently holds 39%, and is planning on selling its entire stake.


Spain

*
Aceralia Aceralia was a large Spanish steel producer formed in 1997 by restructuring of a group formed from earlier mergers of the steel producers ENSIDESA and '' Altos Hornos de Vizcaya''. The company merged into Arcelor in 2001, and became part of Arcelor ...
*
Argentaria Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. (), better known by its initialism BBVA, is a Spanish multinational financial services company based in Madrid and Bilbao, Spain. It is one of the largest financial institutions in the world, and is present ...
*
ENDESA Endesa, S.A. (, originally an initialism for ''Empresa Nacional de Electricidad, S.A''.) is a Spanish multinational electric utility company, the largest in the country. The firm, a majority-owned subsidiary of the Italian utility company Enel, ...
(1988–1998) *
Gas Natural Naturgy Energy Group S.A''.'', formerly ''Gas Natural Fenosa'' (), is a Spanish multinational natural gas and electrical energy utilities company, which operates primarily in Spain. The company's administrative headquarters are in Barcelona, while ...
*
Iberia Airlines Iberia (), legally incorporated as ''Iberia Líneas Aéreas de España, S.A. Operadora, Sociedad Unipersonal'', is the flag carrier airline of Spain. Founded in 1927 and based in Madrid, it operates an international network of services from i ...
(2001) *
Indra Indra (; Sanskrit: इन्द्र) is the king of the devas (god-like deities) and Svarga (heaven) in Hindu mythology. He is associated with the sky, lightning, weather, thunder, storms, rains, river flows, and war.  volumes/ref> I ...
* Red Electrica de España *
Repsol Repsol S.A.
El Nuevo Herald, 2012-05-31
Originally an init ...
(1989–1997) * Retevision *
SEAT A seat is a place to sit. The term may encompass additional features, such as back, armrest, head restraint but also headquarters in a wider sense. Types of seat The following are examples of different kinds of seat: * Armchair (furniture), ...
(1986) *
Tabacalera Tabacalera, formerly the Compañía Arrendataria de Tabacos, was a Spanish tobacco monopoly whose origins date back to 1636, making it the oldest tobacco company in the world. In 1999, the company merged with SEITA of France to form Altadis, ...


Sweden


1980s

*
ASEA ''Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget'' (English translation: General Swedish Electrical Limited Company; Swedish abbreviation: ASEA) was a Swedish industrial company. History ASEA was founded in 1883 by Ludvig Fredholm in Västerås as ...
-ATOM (1981) - *
Luxor AB Luxor was a Swedish home electronics and computer manufacturer located in Motala, established in 1923 and acquired by Nokia in 1985. The brand name is now owned by Turkish company Vestel and is used for televisions sold in the Swedish market. O ...
(1984) *
SSAB SSAB AB, earlier ''Svenskt Stål AB'' (English: Swedish Steel), () is a Swedish company, formed in 1978, that specialises in processing raw material to produce steel. The largest shareholders are Aktiebolag Industrivärden and the Government of ...
(1986–1994) * UV Shipping (1988)


1990s

* AssiDomän * Celsius * Cementa * Enator * Företagskapital * Industrikredit AB * Lantbrukskredit AB *
Nordbanken Nordea Bank Abp, commonly referred to as Nordea, is a European Finance, financial services group operating in northern Europe and based in Helsinki, Finland. The name is a blend of the words "Nordic" and "idea". The bank is the result of the suc ...
(partial) * OK Petroleum *
Pharmacia Pharmacia was a pharmaceutical and biotechnological company in Sweden that merged with the American pharmaceutical company Upjohn in 1995. History Pharmacia company was founded in 1911 in Stockholm, Sweden by pharmacist Gustav Felix Grönfeldt ...
*
Pharmacia & Upjohn Pharmacia & Upjohn was a global pharmaceutical company formed by the merger of Sweden-based Pharmacia AB and the American company The Upjohn Company, Upjohn in 1995. Today the remainder of the company is owned by Pfizer. In 1997, Pharmacia & Upjo ...
* SAKAB * SAQ Kontrol * SBL Vaccin *
SEMKO ETL SEMKO (formerly Electrical Testing Laboratory) is a division of Intertek Group plc (LSE: ITRK) which is based in London. It specializes in electrical product safety testing, EMC testing, and benchmark performance testing. ETL SEMKO operates mo ...
*
SSAB SSAB AB, earlier ''Svenskt Stål AB'' (English: Swedish Steel), () is a Swedish company, formed in 1978, that specialises in processing raw material to produce steel. The largest shareholders are Aktiebolag Industrivärden and the Government of ...
(wholly privatised in 1994) * Stadshypotek AB * Svalöf Weibull AB * Svensk Fastighetsvärdering * Svenska Statens Språkresor AB * Swedish Real Estate Valuation Corp * VPC AB


2000s

* Celsius AB * Grängesbergs Gruvor * Kurortsverksamhet *
Nordbanken Nordea Bank Abp, commonly referred to as Nordea, is a European Finance, financial services group operating in northern Europe and based in Helsinki, Finland. The name is a blend of the words "Nordic" and "idea". The bank is the result of the suc ...
*
OMX Nasdaq Nordic is the common name for the subsidiaries of Nasdaq, Inc. that provide financial services and operate marketplaces for securities in the Nordic and Baltic regions of Europe. Historically, the operations were known by the company ...
stock exchange A stock exchange, securities exchange, or bourse is an exchange where stockbrokers and traders can buy and sell securities, such as shares of stock, bonds and other financial instruments. Stock exchanges may also provide facilities for th ...
– shares sold to
Borse Dubai Borse Dubai is a stock exchange in the United Arab Emirates. It is the holding company for Dubai Financial Market (DFM) and NASDAQ Dubai (formerly known as DIFX). Borse Dubai was created 6 August 2007 to consolidate the Government of Dubai's t ...
for 2.1 billion SEK. * SAKAB * SGAB * Svenska Lagerhus * Svenska *
Vin & Sprit V&S Group (''V&S Vin & Sprit AB''), founded in 1917, is an international producer and distributor of alcoholic beverages. The group is currently owned by Pernod Ricard. Headquartered in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, the group employs appro ...
– sold to
Pernod Ricard Pernod Ricard () is a French company best known for its anise-flavoured pastis apéritifs Pernod Anise and Ricard Pastis (often referred to simply as ''Pernod'' or ''Ricard''). The world’s second-largest wine and spirits seller, it also produ ...
for 5.626 billion
euro The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...


2010s

*
Nordea Nordea Bank Abp, commonly referred to as Nordea, is a European financial services group operating in northern Europe and based in Helsinki, Finland. The name is a blend of the words "Nordic" and "idea". The bank is the result of the successive m ...
(19.5% owned by Swedish government)


Planned privatisations

*
Apoteket Apoteket AB is a state-owned pharmaceuticals retailer in Sweden which formerly held a monopoly on the retail sale of medicines in the country. Formerly known as Apoteksbolaget, the company is a government owned enterprise reporting to the Ministry ...
(partial, 2009) * SBAB * SAS (50% owned by Swedish, Danish, Norwegian governments) * Telia Sonera (37.3% owned by the Swedish government)


Tanzania


Turkey

(Listing Scope >US $10 M.)Privatization in Turkey, Republic Of Turkey Prime Ministry Privatization Administration, 2010, http://www.oib.gov.tr/program/uygulamalar/privatization_in_turkey.htm


1980s

* Ankara Çimento * Ansan-Meda * Balikesi̇r Çimento * Pinarhi̇sar Çimento * Söke Çimento


1990s

* Adiyaman Çimento * Anadolubank * Aşkale Çimento * Bartin Çimento * Bozüyük Seramik * Çİnkur * Çorum Çimento * Denİzbank * Denİzlİ Çimento * Elaziğ Çimento * Erganİ Çimento * Etİbank * Fİlyos * Gazİantep Çimento * Güneş Sigorta Spor Kulübü * Havaş * Ipragaz * İskenderun Çimento * Kars Çimento * Konya Krom Man.A.Ş. * Kümaş * Kurtalan Çimento * Ladİk Çimento * Lalapaşa Çimento * Metaş *
Petlas Petlas is a Turkish tyre manufacturing company, founded in 1976. Its main markets are agricultural, commercial, and military tyres. Military market was its initial market focus in the first two decades of operation. However, since the mid-2000s ...
* Ray Sigorta * Şanliurfa Çimento * Sİvas Çimento * Sümerbank * Trabzon Çimento * Türk Kablo *
Tofaş S.K. Tofaş Spor Kulübü (''English: Tofaş Sports Club'') (more commonly known as Tofaş) is a professional basketball team that is based in Bursa, Turkey. Their home arena is the Tofaş Nilüfer Spor Salonu, with a capacity of 7,500 seats. The team ...
* Van Çimento Sanayii * Yarimca Porselen T.A.Ş.


2000s

* Adapazarı Sugar Fac. * Asİl Çelİk * Ataköy Hotel *
Ataköy Marina Marinas in Turkey, ports of call for international and local yachtsmen, are equipped with modern services routinely expected in recreational boating industry. They are found either in or near Istanbul or İzmir, the two largest port cities of th ...
* Ataköy Tourism * Başak Insurance * Başak Retirement Fund * Bet Kütahya Şeker * Bursagaz * Çayelİ Bakir İşl.A.Ş. *
Cyprus Turkish Airlines Cyprus Turkish Airlines Limited ( tr, Kıbrıs Türk Hava Yolları Ltd. Şti. (KTHY)) was a Turkish Cypriot airline that served as the flag carrier for Northern Cyprus. Until its collapse in June 2010, Cyprus Turkish Airlines was the primary air ...
* Denİz Naklİyati T.A.Ş. * Esgaz * Eti Aluminium * Etİ Bakir * Etİ Elektrometalurji * Etİ Gümüş A.Ş. * Etİ Krom A.Ş. * Güven Sİgorta * Dİv-Han * Taksan *
Türk Telekom Türk Telekom is a state-owned Turkish telecommunications company. Türk Telekom was separated from Turkish Post (PTT) in 1995. Türk Telekom Group provides integrated telecommunication services for PSTN, GSM, and wide-band Internet. The Türk ...


Ukraine

*
Kryvorizhstal ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih (former Kryvorizhstal ( uk, Криворіжсталь) is Ukraine's largest integrated steel company, founded in 1934 and located in Kryvyi Rih, in central Ukraine. Bought in 2005 by Mittal Steel, the steel plant is on ...


United Arab Emirates

*
Damas Jewelry Damas may refer to: __NOTOC__ Geography * Damas-aux-Bois, a village in northeastern France * Damas-et-Bettegney, a village in northeastern France * Damas, Egypt, a city in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt * Damas River (Chile), a river in southern Chile ...
(November 2004, 55% of the company for $224 million)


United Kingdom


1970s

*
Lunn Poly Lunn Poly was, at one time, the largest chain of travel agents in the United Kingdom. History The company originated from two successful travel agencies established in the 1890s, the Polytechnic Touring Association and Sir Henry Lunn Travel. Bot ...
(1971) *
Thomas Cook Thomas Cook (22 November 1808 – 18 July 1892) was an English businessman. He is best known for founding the travel agency Thomas Cook & Son. He was also one of the initial developers of the "package tour" including travel, accommodation ...
(1972) *
Rolls-Royce Motors Rolls-Royce Motors was a British luxury car manufacturer, created in 1973 during the de-merger of the Rolls-Royce automotive business from the nationalised Rolls-Royce Limited. It produced luxury cars under the Rolls-Royce and Bentley brands. ...
(1973) * State Management Scheme (1973) * British Petroleum (1977, 1979, 1981, 1987) *
International Computers Limited International Computers Limited (ICL) was a British computer hardware, computer software and computer services company that operated from 1968 until 2002. It was formed through a merger of International Computers and Tabulators (ICT), English Ele ...
(1979)


1980s

*
British Aerospace British Aerospace plc (BAe) was a British aircraft, munitions and defence-systems manufacturer. Its head office was at Warwick House in the Farnborough Aerospace Centre in Farnborough, Hampshire. Formed in 1977, in 1999 it purchased Marconi ...
(1981, 1985) **
Alvis Alvis may refer to: *Alvis Car and Engineering Company, British luxury car and military vehicle manufacturer which later became Alvis plc * Alvis plc (formerly United Scientific Holdings plc), a defence contractor which acquired Alvis Cars and bec ...
(1981) **
Coventry Climax Coventry Climax was a British forklift truck, fire pump, racing, and other specialty engine manufacturer. History Pre WW1 The company was started in 1903 as Lee Stroyer, but two years later, following the departure of Stroyer, it was relocat ...
(1982) *
Amersham International Amersham plc was a manufacturer of radiopharmaceutical products, to be used in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures. The company became GE Healthcare following a takeover in 2003, which was based at the original site in Amersh ...
(1982) *
Associated British Ports Associated British Ports owns and operates 21 ports in the United Kingdom, managing around 25 per cent of the UK's sea-borne trade. The company's activities cover transport, haulage and terminal operations, ship's agency, dredging and marine cons ...
(1983, 1984) *
Sealink Sealink was a ferry company based in the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1984, operating services to France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Isle of Man, Channel Islands, Isle of Wight and Ireland. Ports served by the company included: Dover, Folkesto ...
(1984) **
Jaguar The jaguar (''Panthera onca'') is a large cat species and the only living member of the genus '' Panthera'' native to the Americas. With a body length of up to and a weight of up to , it is the largest cat species in the Americas and the th ...
(1984) *
Trustee Savings Bank A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets. Because ...
(1985) *
British Airways Helicopters British Airways Helicopters was a British helicopter airline from 1964 to 1986. History Starting in 1947, British European Airways (BEA) had operated a Helicopter Experiment Unit. It initially operated a fleet of five helicopters sourced from ...
(1986) *
British Gas British Gas (trading as Scottish Gas in Scotland) is an energy and home services provider in the United Kingdom. It is the trading name of British Gas Services Limited and British Gas New Heating Limited, both subsidiaries of Centrica. Serving ...
(1986) *
Rolls-Royce Rolls-Royce (always hyphenated) may refer to: * Rolls-Royce Limited, a British manufacturer of cars and later aero engines, founded in 1906, now defunct Automobiles * Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, the current car manufacturing company incorporated in ...
(1987) *
Royal Ordnance Royal Ordnance plc was formed on 2 January 1985 as a public corporation, owning the majority of what until then were the remaining United Kingdom government-owned Royal Ordnance Factories (abbreviated ROFs) which manufactured explosives, ammunition ...
(1987) *
British Airports Authority Heathrow Airport Holdings is the United Kingdom-based operator of Heathrow Airport. The company also operated Gatwick Airport, Stansted Airport, Edinburgh Airport and several other UK airports, but was forced by the Competition Commission to s ...
(1987) **
Danish Automobile Building Danish Automobile Building (DAB) (Danish: Dansk Automobil Byggeri A/S) was a Danish bus manufacturer based in Silkeborg. It was in existence from 1912 until 2002. DAB was founded in 1912 in Silkeborg by a Mr. J.W.Darr, a German. Starting as a tr ...
(1987) **
ISTEL ISTEL, formerly BL Systems, and latterly AT&T Istel, was a British information technology company. History The company was formed in 1979 as BL Systems Limited (BLSL) through a merger of the computer departments of various automotive manufacturin ...
(1987) **
Leyland Bus Leyland Bus was a British bus and train manufacturer. It emerged from the Rover Group (formerly ''British Leyland'') as a management buyout of the bus business. It was subsequently acquired by Volvo Buses in 1988 and the Leyland name disappe ...
(1987) * British Airways (1987) * British Leyland ** Leyland Tractors (1982) ** Leyland Trucks (1987) ** Rover Group (1988) ** Unipart (1987) * British Rail Engineering Limited (1989) * British Shipbuilders (1985–1989, shipbuilder companies sold individually) * British Steel plc (1988) * British Sugar (1981) * BT Group, British Telecom (1984, 1991, 1993) * British Transport Hotels (1983) * Britoil (1982, 1985) * Cable & Wireless plc, Cable and Wireless (1981, 1983, 1985) * Council houses (1980–present, over two million sold to their tenants) – ''see main article Right to buy scheme'' * Enterprise Oil (1984) * Fairey Aviation Company, Fairey (1980) * Ferranti (1982) * Harland and Wolff (1989) * Inmos (1984) * Municipal bus company, Municipal bus companies (1988–present, bus companies sold individually) – ''see main article Bus deregulation in Great Britain'' * National Bus Company (UK), National Bus Company (1986–1988, bus companies sold individually) * National Express (1988) * National Freight Corporation (1982) * Passenger transport executive bus companies (1988–1994, bus companies sold individually) * Travellers Fare (1988) * Vale of Rheidol Railway (1989) * United Kingdom water companies, Water companies – ''see main article Water privatisation in England and Wales'' ** Anglian Water (1989) ** North West Water (1989) ** Northumbrian Water (1989) ** Severn Trent (1989) ** South West Water (1989) ** Southern Water (1989) ** Thames Water (1989) ** Welsh Water (1989) ** Wessex Water (1989) ** Yorkshire Water (1989)


1990s

* AEA Technology (1996) * ADAS (company), Agricultural Development and Advisory Service (1997) * Belfast International Airport (1994) * Birmingham Airport (1993 – 51%) * Bournemouth Airport (1995) * Bristol Airport (1997, 2001) * British Coal (1994) * British Energy (1996) * British Rail – ''see main article Privatisation of British Rail'' ** 3 rolling stock companies: *** Angel Trains (1996) *** Eversholt Rail Group, Eversholt Leasing (1996) *** Porterbrook (1996) ** 6 design office units (1995–1997, sold individually) ** 6 freight operating companies *** Freightliner Group, Freightliner (1995) *** Loadhaul (1996) *** Mainline Freight (1996) *** Rail Express Systems (1996) *** Railfreight Distribution (1997) *** Transrail Freight (1996) ** 6 track renewal units (1995–1997, sold individually) ** 7 infrastructure maintenance units (1995–1997, sold individually) ** 25 train operating company, train operating companies (1996, operations contracted out as franchises) ** British Rail Research Division, British Rail Research (1996) ** British Rail Telecommunications (1995) ** Eurostar International Limited, European Passenger Services (1996) ** Railtrack (1996) (18 October 2002 went into voluntary liquidation), now in public ownership as Network Rail ** Red Star Parcels (1995) ** London and Continental Railways, Union Railways (1996) * BTG plc, British Technology Group (1992) * Building Research Establishment (1997) * Cardiff Airport (1995) * Central Electricity Generating Board ** National Grid plc, National Grid (1990) ** National Power (1991, 1995) ** Powergen (1991, 1995) * Chessington Computer Centre (1996) * National Savings and Investments, Department for National Savings (1999, back office functions contracted out) * East Midlands Airport (1993) * Girobank (1990) * Humberside Airport (1999 – 82%) * KCOM Group, Kingston Communications (1999, 2007) * LGC Ltd, Laboratory of the Government Chemist (1996) * Liverpool Airport (1990, 2001) * London Buses (1994, bus companies sold individually) – ''see main article Privatisation of London bus services'' * London Luton Airport (1997) * London Southend Airport (1993) * National Engineering Laboratory (1995) * Arqiva, National Transcommunications Limited (1990) * University of Greenwich, Natural Resources Institute (1996) * Northern Ireland Electricity (1993) * Property Services Agency (1994) * Public electricity supplier, Regional electricity companies ** East Midlands Electricity (1990) ** Eastern Electricity (1990) ** London Electricity Board, London Electricity (1990) ** MANWEB (1990) ** Midlands Electricity (1990) ** Northern Electric (1990) ** NORWEB (1990) ** SEEBOARD (1990) ** Southern Electric (1990) ** SWALEC (1990) ** SWEB Energy (1990) ** Yorkshire Electricity (1990) * Scottish Bus Group (1991, bus companies sold individually) * Scottish Hydro-Electric (1991) * Scottish Power (1991) * Severn Bridge (1992) * The Stationery Office (1996) * Student Loans Company, Student loans portfolios (1998, 1999, 2013) * Transport Research Laboratory (1996) * Port, Trust Ports (1992–1997, ports sold individually)


2000s

* Actis Capital, Actis (2004, 2012) * BBC Books (2006 – 85%) * Red Bee Media, BBC Broadcast (2005) * Angels Costumes, BBC Costumes and Wigs (2008) * Satellite Information Services, BBC Outside Broadcasts (2008) * BBC Technology (2004) * BNFL, British Nuclear Fuels Limited ** Atomic Weapons Establishment, AWE Management Limited (2008) ** EnergySolutions, BNG America (2007) ** VT Group, BNG Project Services (2008) ** Magnox Ltd, Reactor Sites Management Company (2007) ** Westinghouse Electric Company (2006) * East Thames Buses (2009) * Leeds Bradford International Airport (2007) * NATS Holdings, National Air Traffic Services (2001 – 51%) * Newcastle International Airport, Newcastle Airport (2001 – 49%) * Partnerships UK (2000, 2011) * Qinetiq (2002, 2006, 2008) * South Eastern Trains (2006) * Teesside International Airport (2003 – 75%) * United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, UKAEA Limited (2009)


2010s

* AudioGO, BBC Audiobooks (2010 – 85%) * BBC Magazines (2011) * Behavioural Insights Team (2014 – 67%) * Bio Products Laboratory (2013 – 80%) * Constructionline (2015) * Defence Support Group (2015) * Dr Foster Intelligence (2015) * East Coast (train operating company), East Coast Trains (2015) * Eurostar International Limited (2015 – 40%) * Fire Service College (2013) * Fera Science, Food and Environment Research Agency (2015 – 75%) * CLH Pipeline System, Government Pipelines and Storage System (2015) * High Speed 1 (2010; sale of concession to operate for 30 years) * Lloyds Banking Group (2013, 2014, 2015) * Manchester Airports Group (2013 – 35%) * NEC Group (2015) * Northern Rock (2012) * Remploy (2012, 2013, 2015, factory businesses sold individually) * Royal Bank of Scotland Group (2015) * Royal Mail (2013, 2015) * The Tote (2011)


United States

* Conrail * Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) * Railway Express Agency * Student Loan Marketing Association (SLM Corporation) (Sallie Mae)


See also

* Nationalization ** List of nationalizations by country * Privatization


References


Further reading

* * * *


External links


Sample Firms Privatized Through Public Share Offerings, 1961-August 2000
– Appendix to Juliet D'Souza, William L. Megginson (1999)
"The Financial and Operating Performance of Privatized Firms during the 1990s"
''Journal of Finance'' August 1999
Institute of Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances (IMAA) M&A
– Academic research institute on mergers & acquisitions, including privatization {{DEFAULTSORT:Privatizations Business-related lists Privatization, Country Privatization by country, Politics-related lists Economics lists by country