An academic discipline or field of study is known as a branch of

knowledge Knowledge can be defined as awareness of facts or as practical skills, and may also refer to familiarity with objects or situations. Knowledge of facts, also called propositional knowledge, is often defined as true belief that is distinc ...

. It is taught as an accredited part of

higher education Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completi ...

. A scholar's discipline is commonly defined and recognized by a university faculty. That person will be accredited by

learned societies A learned society (; also learned academy, scholarly society, or academic association) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and science. Membership may ...

to which they belong along with the

academic journal An academic journal or scholarly journal is a periodical publication in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published. Academic journals serve as permanent and transparent forums for the presentation, scrutiny, and d ...

s in which they publish. However, no formal criteria exist for defining an academic discipline. Disciplines vary between universities and even programs. These will have well-defined rosters of journals and conferences supported by a few universities and publications. Most disciplines are broken down into (potentially overlapping) branches called sub-disciplines. There is no consensus on how some academic disciplines should be classified (e.g., whether

anthropology Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including past human species. Social anthropology studies patterns of behavi ...

and

linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguis ...

are disciplines of

social science Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original "science of soc ...

s or fields within the

humanities Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture. In the Renaissance, the term contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics, the main area of secular study in universities at the t ...

). More generally, the proper criteria for organizing knowledge into disciplines are also open to debate.

Humanities and social science

Anthropology

Anthropological criminology Anthropological criminology (sometimes referred to as criminal anthropology, literally a combination of the study of the human species and the study of criminals) is a field of offender profiling, based on perceived links between the nature of ...

Anthropological linguistics Anthropological linguistics is the subfield of linguistics and anthropology which deals with the place of language in its wider social and cultural context, and its role in making and maintaining cultural practices and societal structures. Whil ...

** Synchronic linguistics (or

Descriptive linguistics In the study of language, description or descriptive linguistics is the work of objectively analyzing and describing how language is actually used (or how it was used in the past) by a speech community. François & Ponsonnet (2013). All acad ...

) **

Diachronic linguistics Historical linguistics, also termed diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of language change over time. Principal concerns of historical linguistics include: # to describe and account for observed changes in particular languages # ...

(or

Historical linguistics Historical linguistics, also termed diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of language change over time. Principal concerns of historical linguistics include: # to describe and account for observed changes in particular languages # ...

) **

Ethnolinguistics Ethnolinguistics (sometimes called cultural linguistics) is an area of anthropological linguistics that studies the relationship between a language and the nonlinguistic cultural behavior of the people who speak that language. __NOTOC__ Examples ...

Semiotic anthropology The phrase "semiotic anthropology" was first used by Milton Singer (1978). Singer's work brought together the semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce and Roman Jakobson with theoretical streams that had long been flowing in and around the University o ...

Sociolinguistics Sociolinguistics is the descriptive study of the effect of any or all aspects of society, including cultural Norm (sociology), norms, expectations, and context (language use), context, on the way language is used, and society's effect on languag ...

Anthrozoology Anthrozoology, also known as human–nonhuman-animal studies (HAS), is the subset of ethnobiology that deals with biological interaction, interactions between humans and other animals. It is an interdisciplinary field that overlaps with other ...

Biological anthropology Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is a scientific discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly from an e ...

Gene-culture coevolution Dual inheritance theory (DIT), also known as gene–culture coevolution or biocultural evolution, was developed in the 1960s through early 1980s to explain how human behavior is a product of two different and interacting evolutionary processes: gen ...

Evolutionary anthropology Evolutionary anthropology, the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of human physiology and human behaviour and of the relation between hominids and non-hominid primates, builds on natural science and on social science. Various fields and ...

Forensic anthropology Forensic anthropology is the application of the anatomical science of anthropology and its various subfields, including forensic archaeology and forensic taphonomy, in a legal setting. A forensic anthropologist can assist in the identification o ...

Human behavioral ecology Human behavioral ecology (HBE) or human evolutionary ecology applies the principles of evolutionary theory and optimization to the study of human behavioral and cultural diversity. HBE examines the adaptive design of traits, behaviors, and life ...

Human evolution Human evolution is the evolutionary process within the history of primates that led to the emergence of ''Homo sapiens'' as a distinct species of the hominid family, which includes the great apes. This process involved the gradual development of ...

Medical anthropology Medical anthropology studies "human health and disease, health care systems, and biocultural adaptation". It views humans from multidimensional and ecological perspectives. It is one of the most highly developed areas of anthropology and applied ...

Molecular anthropology Molecular anthropology, also known as genetic anthropology, is the study of how molecular biology has contributed to the understanding of human evolution. This field of anthropology examines evolutionary links between ancient and modern human popu ...

Neuroanthropology Neuroanthropology is the study of the relationship between culture and the brain. Overview Neuroanthropology explores how the brain gives rise to culture, how culture influences brain development, structure and function, and the pathways followed ...

Nutritional anthropology Nutritional anthropology is the study of the interplay between human biology, economic systems, nutritional status and food security. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary healt ...

Paleoanthropology Paleoanthropology or paleo-anthropology is a branch of paleontology and anthropology which seeks to understand the early development of anatomically modern humans, a process known as hominization, through the reconstruction of evolutionary kinship ...

Population genetics Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and between populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology. Studies in this branch of biology examine such phenomena as adaptation, speciation, and pop ...

Primatology Primatology is the scientific study of primates. It is a diverse Academic discipline, discipline at the boundary between mammalogy and anthropology, and researchers can be found in academic departments of anatomy, anthropology, biology, medici ...

Biocultural anthropology Biocultural anthropology can be defined in numerous ways. It is the scientific exploration of the relationships between human biology and culture. "Instead of looking for the underlying biological roots of human behavior, biocultural anthropology at ...

Cultural anthropology Cultural anthropology is a branch of anthropology focused on the study of cultural variation among humans. It is in contrast to social anthropology, which perceives cultural variation as a subset of a posited anthropological constant. The portma ...

Anthropology of development The anthropology of development is a term applied to a body of anthropological work which views development from a ''critical'' perspective. The kind of issues addressed, and implications for the approach typically adopted can be gleaned from a l ...

** Anthropology of religion **

Applied anthropology Applied anthropology is the application of the methods and theory of anthropology to the analysis and solution of practical problems. In ''Applied Anthropology: Domains of Application'', Kedia and Van Willigen define the process as a "complex of ...

Cognitive anthropology Cognitive anthropology is an approach within cultural anthropology and biological anthropology in which scholars seek to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space using the methods and theorie ...

Cyborg anthropology Cyborg anthropology is a discipline that studies the interaction between humanity and technology from an Anthropology, anthropological perspective. The discipline offers novel insights on new technological advances and their effect on culture and ...

Digital anthropology Digital anthropology is the anthropological study of the relationship between humans and digital-era technology. The field is new, and thus has a variety of names with a variety of emphases. These include techno-anthropology, digital ethnograp ...

Digital culture Internet culture is a culture based on the many way people have used computer networks and their use for communication, entertainment, business, and recreation. Some features of Internet culture include online communities, gaming, and social media ...

Ecological anthropology Ecological anthropology is a sub-field of anthropology and is defined as the "study of cultural adaptations to environments". The sub-field is also defined as, "the study of relationships between a population of humans and their biophysical envir ...

Economic anthropology Economic anthropology is a field that attempts to explain human economic behavior in its widest historic, geographic and cultural scope. It is an amalgamation of economics and anthropology. It is practiced by anthropologists and has a complex re ...

Environmental anthropology Environmental anthropology is a sub-discipline of anthropology that examines the complex relationships between humans and the environments which they inhabit. This takes many shapes and forms, whether it be examining the hunting/gathering pattern ...

Ethnobiology ] Ethnobiology is the scientific study of the way living things are treated or used by different human cultures. It studies the dynamic relationships between people, biota, and environments, from the distant past to the immediate present.culture ...

Ethnobotany Ethnobotany is the study of a region's plants and their practical uses through the traditional knowledge of a local culture and people. An ethnobotanist thus strives to document the local customs involving the practical uses of local flora for m ...

Ethnography Ethnography (from Greek ''ethnos'' "folk, people, nation" and ''grapho'' "I write") is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures. Ethnography explores cultural phenomena from the point of view of the subject o ...

Ethnohistory Ethnohistory is the study of cultures and indigenous peoples customs by examining historical records as well as other sources of information on their lives and history. It is also the study of the history of various ethnic groups that may or may n ...

Ethnology Ethnology (from the grc-gre, ἔθνος, meaning 'nation') is an academic field that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural anthropology, cultural, social anthropolo ...

Ethnomuseology Ethnomuseology is the study of museums and museum curation in the context of the culture and cultural traditions of its collections. It is an interdisciplinary field combining museum studies, anthropology, ethnography, and often various fine art ...

Ethnomusicology Ethnomusicology is the study of music from the cultural and social aspects of the people who make it. It encompasses distinct theoretical and methodical approaches that emphasize cultural, social, material, cognitive, biological, and other dim ...

Feminist anthropology Feminist anthropology is a four-field approach to anthropology (archeological, biological, cultural, linguistic) that seeks to transform research findings, anthropological hiring practices, and the scholarly production of knowledge, using insigh ...

Folklore Folklore is shared by a particular group of people; it encompasses the traditions common to that culture, subculture or group. This includes oral traditions such as tales, legends, proverbs and jokes. They include material culture, ranging ...

Kinship In anthropology, kinship is the web of social relationships that form an important part of the lives of all humans in all societies, although its exact meanings even within this discipline are often debated. Anthropologist Robin Fox says that ...

Legal anthropology Legal anthropology, also known as the anthropology of laws, is a sub-discipline of anthropology follows inter diciplinary approach which specializes in "the cross-cultural study of social ordering". The questions that Legal Anthropologists seek ...

Mythology Myth is a folklore genre consisting of narratives that play a fundamental role in a society, such as foundational tales or origin myths. Since "myth" is widely used to imply that a story is not objectively true, the identification of a narrat ...

Missiology Missiology is the academic study of the Christian mission history and methodology, which began to be developed as an academic discipline in the 19th century. History Missiology as an academic discipline appeared only in the 19th century. It was ...

Political anthropology Political anthropology is the comparative study of politics in a broad range of historical, social, and cultural settings. History of political anthropology Origins Political anthropology has its roots in the 19th century. At that time, thinkers ...

** Political economic anthropology ** Psychological anthropology **

Public anthropology Public anthropology, according to Robert Borofsky, a professor at Hawaii Pacific University, "demonstrates the ability of anthropology and anthropologists to effectively address problems beyond the discipline—illuminating larger social issues of ...

Symbolic anthropology Symbolic anthropology or, more broadly, symbolic and interpretive anthropology, is the study of cultural symbols and how those symbols can be used to gain a better understanding of a particular society. According to Clifford Geertz, " lieving, w ...

Transpersonal anthropology Transpersonal anthropology is a subdiscipline of cultural anthropology and transpersonal studies. It studies the relationship between altered states of consciousness and culture. Definition and context According to Walsh and Vaughan,Walsh, R. and ...

Urban anthropology Urban anthropology is a subset of anthropology concerned with issues of urbanization, poverty, urban space, social relations, and neoliberalism. The field has become consolidated in the 1960s and 1970s. Ulf Hannerz quotes a 1960s remark that trad ...

Linguistic anthropology Linguistic anthropology is the Interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary study of how language influences social life. It is a branch of anthropology that originated from the endeavor to document endangered languages and has grown over the past cen ...

Social anthropology Social anthropology is the study of patterns of behaviour in human societies and cultures. It is the dominant constituent of anthropology throughout the United Kingdom and much of Europe, where it is distinguished from cultural anthropology. In t ...

** Anthropology of art **

Anthropology of institutions The anthropology of institutions is a sub-field in social anthropology dedicated to the study of institutions in different cultural contexts. The role of anthropology in institutions has expanded significantly since the end of the 20th century. ...

Anthropology of media Anthropology of media (also anthropology of mass media, media anthropology) is an area of study within social or cultural anthropology that emphasizes ethnographic studies as a means of understanding producers, audiences, and other cultural and ...

Visual anthropology Visual anthropology is a subfield of social anthropology that is concerned, in part, with the study and production of ethnographic photography, film and, since the mid-1990s, new media. More recently it has been used by historians of science an ...

Archaeology

Aerial archaeology Aerial archaeology is the study of archaeological remains by examining them from a higher altitude. In present day, this is usually achieved by satellite images or through the use of drones. Details Aerial Archaeology involves interpretation an ...

Aviation archaeology Aviation archaeology is a recognized sub-discipline within archaeology and underwater archaeology as a whole. It is an activity practiced by both enthusiasts and academics in pursuit of finding, documenting, recovering, and preserving sites import ...

* Anthracology * Archaeo-optics *

Archaeoacoustics Archaeoacoustics is a sub-field of archaeology and acoustics which studies the relationship between people and sound throughout history. It is an interdisciplinary field with methodological contributions from acoustics, archaeology, and compute ...

Archaeoastronomy Archaeoastronomy (also spelled archeoastronomy) is the interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary study of how people in the past "have understood the phenomena in the sky, how they used these phenomena and what role the sky played in their cultur ...

* Archaeogeography *

Archaeological culture An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of types of artifacts, buildings and monuments from a specific period and region that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society. The connection between thes ...

Archaeological theory Archaeological theory refers to the various intellectual frameworks through which archaeologists interpret archaeological data. Archaeological theory functions as the application of philosophy of science to archaeology, and is occasionally referre ...

** Great ages archaeology ** Functionalism ** Processualism **

Post-processualism Post-processual archaeology, which is sometimes alternately referred to as the interpretative archaeologies by its adherents, is a movement in archaeological theory that emphasizes the subjectivity of archaeological interpretations. Despite having ...

Cognitive archaeology Cognitive archaeology is a theoretical perspective in archaeology that focuses on the ancient mind. It is divided into two main groups: evolutionary cognitive archaeology (ECA), which seeks to understand human cognitive evolution from the material ...

Gender archaeology Gender archaeology is a method of studying past societies through their material culture by closely examining the social construction of gender identities and relations. Gender archaeologists examine the relative positions in society of men, w ...

Feminist archaeology Feminist archaeology employs a feminist perspective in interpreting past societies. It often focuses on gender, but also considers gender in tandem with other factors, such as sexuality, race, or class. Feminist archaeology has critiqued the u ...

* Archaeometry **

Archaeogenetics Archaeogenetics is the study of ancient DNA using various molecular genetic methods and DNA resources. This form of genetic analysis can be applied to human, animal, and plant specimens. Ancient DNA can be extracted from various fossilized specimen ...

** Bioarchaeology **

Computational archaeology Computational archaeology describes computer-based analytical methods for the study of long-term human behaviour and behavioural evolution. As with other sub-disciplines that have prefixed 'computational' to their name (e.g., computational biol ...

Dendrochronology Dendrochronology (or tree-ring dating) is the scientific method of dating tree rings (also called growth rings) to the exact year they were formed. As well as dating them, this can give data for dendroclimatology, the study of climate and atmos ...

Geoarchaeology Geoarchaeology is a multi-disciplinary approach which uses the techniques and subject matter of geography, geology, geophysics and other Earth sciences to examine topics which inform archaeological knowledge and thought. Geoarchaeologists study ...

Isotope analysis Isotope analysis is the identification of isotopic signature, abundance of certain stable isotopes of chemical elements within organic and inorganic compounds. Isotopic analysis can be used to understand the flow of energy through a food web ...

Palynology Palynology is the "study of dust" (from grc-gre, παλύνω, palynō, "strew, sprinkle" and '' -logy'') or of "particles that are strewn". A classic palynologist analyses particulate samples collected from the air, from water, or from deposit ...

Radiocarbon dating Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon. The method was dev ...

Zooarchaeology Zooarchaeology (sometimes called archaeozoology), also known as faunal analysis, is a branch of archaeology that studies remains of animals from archaeological sites. Faunal remains are the items left behind when an animal dies. These include bon ...

Archaeology of religion and ritual The archaeology of religion and ritual is a growing field of study within archaeology that applies ideas from religious studies, theory and methods, anthropological theory, and archaeological and historical methods and theories to the study of rel ...

* Archaeology of trade *

Archaeomythology Archaeomythology refers to the study of archaeology through the discipline of mythology. It is an approach developed by Marija Gimbutas and mainly applied to Eastern European countries. Commenting in The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Ritual ...

Architectural analytics {{unreferenced, date=March 2014 Architectural analytics is the field of study that focuses on the discovery and identification of meaningful patterns in architecture. Architecture represents a snapshot in time and can, in a very detailed fashion, ...

Battlefield archaeology Battlefield archaeology is a sub-discipline of archaeology which studies the material remains and topography of a battlefield to understand a conflict. Archaeological battlefields consist of skirmishes, sieges, camps, and training sites. The study ...

* Calceology *

Conflict archaeology Conflict archaeology is a sub-discipline within archaeology focused on intergroup and intragroup conflict. Closely linked to battlefield archaeology and Military Sites Archaeology, conflict archaeology is developing as an umbrella sub-discipline t ...

Data archaeology There are two conceptualisations of data archaeology, the technical definition and the social science definition. Data archaeology (also data archeology) in the technical sense refers to the art and science of recovering computer data Code, enc ...

Digital archaeology Digital archaeology is the application of information technology and digital media to archaeology. It includes the use of digital photography, 3D reconstruction, virtual reality, and geographical information systems, among other techniques. Comp ...

Experimental archaeology Experimental archaeology (also called experiment archaeology) is a field of study which attempts to generate and test archaeological hypotheses, usually by replicating or approximating the feasibility of ancient cultures performing various tasks ...

Environmental archaeology Environmental archaeology is a sub-field of archaeology which emerged in 1970s and is the science of reconstructing the relationships between past societies and the environments they lived in. The field represents an archaeological-palaeoecologica ...

Ethnoarchaeology Ethnoarchaeology is the ethnographic study of peoples for archaeological reasons, usually through the study of the material remains of a society (see David & Kramer 2001). Ethnoarchaeology aids archaeologists in reconstructing ancient lifeways by s ...

Forensic archaeology Forensic anthropology is the application of the anatomical science of anthropology and its various subfields, including forensic archaeology and forensic taphonomy, in a legal setting. A forensic anthropologist can assist in the identification o ...

* Glyptology *

History of archaeology Archaeology is the study of human activity in the past, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts (also known as eco-fa ...

Household archaeology Household archaeology has a long history of anthropological inquiry. Archaeological investigations of the household serve as a microcosm for the greater social universe. The household serves as a space for socialization processes. Household archaeol ...

Landscape archaeology Landscape archaeology, a sub-discipline of archaeology and archaeological theory, is the study of the ways in which people in the past constructed and used the environment around them. It is also known as archaeogeography (from the Greek "ancien ...

and

Landscape history Landscape history is the study of the way in which humanity has changed the physical appearance of the environment – both present and past. It is sometimes referred to as landscape archaeology. It was first recognised as a separate area of study ...

* Manuscriptology *

Maritime archaeology Maritime archaeology (also known as marine archaeology) is a discipline within archaeology as a whole that specifically studies human interaction with the sea, lakes and rivers through the study of associated physical remains, be they vessels, s ...

Media archaeology Media archaeology or media archeology is a field that attempts to understand new and emerging media through close examination of the past, and especially through critical scrutiny of dominant progressivist narratives of popular commercial media s ...

* Modern archaeology **

Settlement archaeology Settlement archaeology (German:''Siedlungsarchäologie'') is a branch of modern archaeology. It investigates former settlements and deserted areas, forms of housing and settlements, and the prehistoric settlement of entire regions. For this purpose ...

* Music archaeology *

Osteology Osteology () is the scientific study of bones, practised by osteologists. A subdiscipline of anatomy, anthropology, and paleontology, osteology is the detailed study of the structure of bones, skeletal elements, teeth, microbone morphology, funct ...

Palaeoarchaeology Palaeoarchaeology (or paleoarcheology) is the archaeology of deep time. Paleoarchaeologists' studies focus on hominid fossils ranging from 15,000,000 to 10,000 years ago, and human evolution and the ways in which humans have adapted to the environ ...

Paleoethnobotany Paleoethnobotany (also spelled palaeoethnobotany), or archaeobotany, is the study of past human-plant interactions through the recovery and analysis of ancient plant remains. Both terms are synonymous, though paleoethnobotany (from the Greek words ...

Paleopathology Paleopathology, also spelled palaeopathology, is the study of ancient diseases and injuries in organisms through the examination of fossils, mummified tissue, skeletal remains, and analysis of coprolites. Specific sources in the study of ancie ...

* Paleoradiology *

Taphonomy Taphonomy is the study of how organisms decay and become fossilized or preserved in the paleontological record. The term ''taphonomy'' (from Greek , 'burial' and , 'law') was introduced to paleontology in 1940 by Soviet scientist Ivan Efremov t ...

Urban archaeology Urban archaeology is a sub discipline of archaeology specializing in the material past of towns and cities where long-term human habitation has often left a rich record of the past. In modern times, when someone talks about living in a city, they ...

Historical archaeology Historical archaeology is a form of archaeology dealing with places, things, and issues from the past or present when written records and oral traditions can inform and contextualize cultural material. These records can both complement and conflict ...

Prehistoric archaeology Prehistoric archaeology is a subfield of archaeology, which deals specifically with artefacts, civilisations and other materials from societies that existed before any form of writing system or historical record. Often the field focuses on ages s ...

** protohistoric archaeology **

Biblical archaeology Biblical archaeology is an academic school and a subset of Biblical studies and Levantine archaeology. Biblical archaeology studies archaeological sites from the Ancient Near East and especially the Holy Land (also known as Palestine, Land o ...

Classical archaeology Classical archaeology is the archaeological investigation of the Mediterranean civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Nineteenth-century archaeologists such as Heinrich Schliemann were drawn to study the societies they had read about i ...

Egyptology Egyptology (from ''Egypt'' and Greek , '' -logia''; ar, علم المصريات) is the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious ...

Assyriology Assyriology (from Greek , ''Assyriā''; and , '' -logia'') is the archaeological, anthropological, and linguistic study of Assyria and the rest of ancient Mesopotamia (a region that encompassed what is now modern Iraq, northeastern Syria, southea ...

Etruscology Etruscology is the study of the ancient civilization of the Etruscans in Italy, which was incorporated into an expanding Roman Empire during the period of Rome's Middle Republic. Since the Etruscans were politically and culturally influential in pr ...

Near Eastern archaeology Near Eastern archaeology is a regional branch of the wider, global discipline of archaeology. It refers generally to the excavation and study of artifacts and material culture of the Near East from antiquity to the recent past. Definition Th ...

Medieval archaeology ''Medieval Archaeology'' is an annual peer-reviewed academic journal covering the archaeology of the medieval period, especially in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was established in 1957 by the Society for Medieval Archaeology and is publishe ...

Post-medieval archaeology Post-medieval archaeology is a term used in Europe to describe the study of the material past over the last 500 years. The field is also referred to as historical archaeology, a term originating in North America, and common in countries impacted ...

Industrial archaeology Industrial archaeology (IA) is the systematic study of material evidence associated with the industrial past. This evidence, collectively referred to as industrial heritage, includes buildings, machinery, artifacts, sites, infrastructure, docu ...

Contemporary archaeology Contemporary archaeology is a field of archaeological research that focuses on the most recent (20th and 21st century) past, and also increasingly explores the application of archaeological thinking to the contemporary world. It has also been ref ...

African archaeology Africa has the longest record of human habitation in the world. The first hominins emerged 6-7 million years ago, and among the earliest anatomically modern human skulls found so far were discovered at Omo Kibish, Jebel Irhoud, and Florisbad. Eur ...

Australian archaeology Australian archaeology is a large sub-field in the discipline of archaeology. Archaeology in Australia takes four main forms: Aboriginal archaeology (the archaeology of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia before and after ...

European archaeology This is a list of notable archaeological sites sorted by country and territories. For one sorted by continent and time period, see the list of archaeological sites by continent and age. Afghanistan * Aï Khānum *Bagram *Buddhas of Bamiyan * Ha ...

Russian archaeology Russian archaeology begins in the Russian Empire in the 1850s and becomes Soviet archaeology in the early 20th century. The journal '' Sovetskaya arkheologiya'' is published from 1957. Archaeologists Sites major archaeological cultures and ...

Archaeology of the Americas The archaeology of the Americas is the study of the archaeology of the Western Hemisphere, including North America (Mesoamerica), Central America, South America and the Caribbean. This includes the study of pre-historic/Pre-Columbian and histor ...

Archaeology of China The archaeology of China is researched intensively in the universities of the region and also attracts considerable international interest on account of the region's civilizations. The application of scientific archaeology to Chinese sites bega ...

Archaeology of Israel The archaeology of Israel is the study of the archaeology of the present-day Israel, stretching from prehistory through three millennia of documented history. The ancient Land of Israel was a geographical bridge between the political and cultu ...

History

African history The history of Africa begins with the emergence of hominids, archaic humans and — around 300–250,000 years ago—anatomically modern humans (''Homo sapiens''), in East Africa, and continues unbroken into the present as a patchwork of dive ...

** South African history **

Egyptian history The history of Egypt has been long and wealthy, due to the flow of the Nile River with its fertile banks and delta, as well as the accomplishments of Egypt's native inhabitants and outside influence. Much of Egypt's ancient history was a myste ...

East and Central African history **

Nigerian history The history of Nigeria can be traced to the earliest inhabitants whose remains date from at least 13,000 BC through early civilizations such as the Nok culture which began around 1500 BC. Numerous ancient African civilizations settled in the regi ...

* Pan-American history **

North American history History of North America encompasses the past developments of people populating the continent of North America. While it was widely believed that continent first became a human habitat when people migrated across the Bering Sea 40,000 to 17,0 ...

***

American history The history of the lands that became the United States began with the arrival of the first people in the Americas around 15,000 BC. Numerous indigenous cultures formed, and many saw transformations in the 16th century away from more densely ...

***

Canadian history The history of Canada covers the period from the arrival of the Paleo-Indians to North America thousands of years ago to the present day. Prior to European colonization, the lands encompassing present-day Canada were inhabited for millennia by ...

***

Mexican history The written history of Mexico spans more than three millennia. First populated more than 13,000 years ago, central and southern Mexico (termed Mesoamerica) saw the rise and fall of complex indigenous civilizations. Mexico would later develop i ...

***

Cuban history The history of Cuba is characterized by dependence on outside powers—Spain, the US, and the USSR. The island of Cuba was inhabited by various Amerindian cultures prior to the arrival of the Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus in 1492. Afte ...

** South American history ***

Latin American history The term ''Latin America'' primarily refers to the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries in the New World. Before the arrival of Europeans in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the region was home to many indigenous peoples, a number of ...

***

Brazilian history The history of Brazil begins with indigenous people in Brazil. Europeans arrived in Brazil at the ending of the 15th century. The first European to claim sovereignty over Indigenous lands part of what is now the territory of the Federative Repub ...

*** Colombian history *** Venezuelan history *** Peruvian history ***

Argentine history The history of Argentina can be divided into four main parts: the pre-Columbian time or early history (up to the sixteenth century), the colonial period (1536–1809), the period of nation-building (1810–1880), and the history of modern Argenti ...

Pre-Columbian era In the history of the Americas, the pre-Columbian era spans from the Migration to the New World, original settlement of North and South America in the Upper Paleolithic period through European colonization of the Americas, European colonization, w ...

*** Mayan history *** Aztec history ***

Inca history The Incas were most notable for establishing the Inca Empire in Pre-Columbian America, which was centered in modern day South America in Peru and Chile. It was about 2,500 miles from the northern to southern tip. The civilization lasted from 14 ...

***

Mississippian culture The Mississippian culture was a Native Americans in the United States, Native American civilization that flourished in what is now the Midwestern United States, Midwestern, Eastern United States, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from appr ...

Ancient history Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history to as far as late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the Sumerian cuneiform script. Ancient history cove ...

** Ancient Greek history (

outline Outline or outlining may refer to: * Outline (list), a document summary, in hierarchical list format * Code folding, a method of hiding or collapsing code or text to see content in outline form * Outline drawing, a sketch depicting the outer edge ...

) ** Ancient Roman history (

) ***

History of the Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( la, Res publica Romana ) was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman King ...

***

History of the Roman Empire The history of the Roman Empire covers the history of ancient Rome from the fall of the Roman Republic in 27 BC until the abdication of Romulus Augustulus in AD 476 in the West, and the Fall of Constantinople in the East in AD 1453. Ancient Rome ...

Ancient Egyptian history The history of ancient Egypt spans the period from the early prehistoric settlements of the northern Nile valley to the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The pharaonic period, the period in which Egypt was ruled by a pharaoh, is dated from the ...

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Ancient Chinese history The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC, from the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC), during the reign of king Wu Ding. Ancient historical texts such as the ''Book of Documents'' (early chapter ...

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Chinese history The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC, from the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC), during the reign of king Wu Ding. Ancient historical texts such as the ''Book of Documents'' (early chapter ...

Japanese history The first human inhabitants of the Japanese archipelago have been traced to prehistoric times around 30,000 BC. The Jōmon period, named after its cord-marked pottery, was followed by the Yayoi period in the first millennium BC when new invent ...

Korean history The Lower Paleolithic era in the Korea, Korean Peninsula and Manchuria began roughly half a million years ago. Christopher J. Norton, "The Current State of Korean Paleoanthropology", (2000), ''Journal of Human Evolution'', 38: 803–825. The e ...

Mongolian history Various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu (3rd century BC–1st century AD), the Xianbei state ( AD 93–234), the Rouran Khaganate (330–555), the First (552–603) and Second Turkic Khaganates (682–744) and others, ruled the area of p ...

Indian history According to consensus in modern genetics, anatomically modern humans first arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa between 73,000 and 55,000 years ago. Quote: "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by m ...

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Turkish history :''See History of the Republic of Turkey for the history of the modern state.'' The history of Turkey, understood as the history of the region now forming the territory of the Republic of Turkey, includes the history of both Anatolia (the Asia ...

Iranian history The history of Iran is intertwined with the history of a larger region known as Greater Iran, comprising the area from Anatolia in the west to the borders of Ancient India and the Syr Darya in the east, and from the Caucasus and the Eurasian Step ...

Philippine history Earliest hominin activity in the Philippine archipelago is dated back to at least 709,000 years ago. ''Homo luzonensis'', a species of archaic humans, was present on the island of Luzon at least 67,000 years ago. The earliest known anatomically ...

Indonesian history The history of Indonesia has been shaped by geographic position, its natural resources, a series of human migrations and contacts, wars of conquest, the spread of Islam from the island of Sumatra in the 7th century AD and the establishment of ...

European history The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500), the Middle Ages (AD 500 to AD 1500), and the modern era (since AD 1500). The first early ...

British history The British Isles have witnessed intermittent periods of competition and cooperation between the people that occupy the various parts of Great Britain, the Isle of Man, Ireland, the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the Bailiwick of Jersey and t ...

French history The first written records for the history of France appeared in the Iron Age. What is now France made up the bulk of the region known to the Romans as Gaul. The first writings on indigenous populations mainly start in the first century BC. Greek ...

German history The Germani tribes i.e. Germanic tribes are now considered to be related to the Jastorf culture before expanding and interacting with the other peoples. The concept of a region for Germanic tribes is traced to time of Julius Caesar, a Roman gen ...

** Dutch history **

Italian history The history of Italy covers the ancient period, the Middle Ages, and the modern era. Since classical antiquity, ancient Etruscans, various Italic peoples (such as the Latins, Samnites, and Umbri), Celts, '' Magna Graecia'' colonists, and oth ...

Spanish history The history of Spain dates to contact the pre-Roman peoples of the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula made with the Greeks and Phoenicians and the first writing systems known as Paleohispanic scripts were developed. During Classical A ...

Portuguese history The history of Portugal can be traced from circa 400,000 years ago, when the region of present-day Portugal was inhabited by Homo heidelbergensis. The Roman invasion in the 3rd century BC lasted several centuries, and developed the Roman provinc ...

Polish history The history of Poland spans over a thousand years, from medieval tribes, Christianization and monarchy; through Poland's Golden Age, expansionism and becoming one of the largest European powers; to its collapse and partitions, two world wars, ...

Balkan history The Balkans and parts of this area are alternatively situated in Southeast, Southern, Eastern Europe and Central Europe. The distinct identity and fragmentation of the Balkans owes much to its common and often turbulent history regarding centurie ...

Scandinavian history The history of Scandinavia is the history of the geographical region of Scandinavia and Scandinavians, its peoples. The region is located in Northern Europe, and consists of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Finland and Iceland are at times, especial ...

*** Swedish history ***

Norwegian history The history of Norway has been influenced to an extraordinary degree by the terrain and the climate of the region. About 10,000 BC, following the retreat inland of the great ice sheets, the earliest inhabitants migrated north into the territor ...

*** Danish history ***

Finnish history The history of Finland begins around 9,000 BC during the end of the last glacial period. Stone Age cultures were Kunda, Comb Ceramic, Corded Ware, Kiukainen, and . The Finnish Bronze Age started in approximately 1,500 BC and the Iron Age star ...

*** Icelandic history **

Russian history The history of Russia begins with the histories of the East Slavs. The traditional start-date of specifically Russian history is the establishment of the Rus' people, Rus' state in the north in 862, ruled by Varangians. Staraya Ladoga and Veli ...

Australian history The history of Australia is the story of the land and peoples of the continent of Australia. People first arrived on the Australian mainland by sea from Maritime Southeast Asia between 50,000 and 65,000 years ago, and penetrated to all parts ...

Economic history Economic history is the academic learning of economies or economic events of the past. Research is conducted using a combination of historical methods, statistical methods and the application of economic theory to historical situations and ins ...

Environmental history Environmental history is the study of human interaction with the natural world over time, emphasising the active role nature plays in influencing human affairs and vice versa. Environmental history first emerged in the United States out of th ...

Intellectual history Intellectual history (also the history of ideas) is the study of the history of human thought and of intellectuals, people who conceptualize, discuss, write about, and concern themselves with ideas. The investigative premise of intellectual histor ...

Modern history The term modern period or modern era (sometimes also called modern history or modern times) is the period of history that succeeds the Middle Ages (which ended approximately 1500 AD). This terminology is a historical periodization that is applie ...

Political history Political history is the narrative and survey of political events, ideas, movements, organs of government, voters, parties and leaders. It is closely related to other fields of history, including diplomatic history, constitutional history, social ...

Scientific history Historical method is the collection of techniques and guidelines that historians use to research and write histories of the past. Secondary sources, primary sources and material evidence such as that derived from archaeology may all be drawn on ...

* Technological history *

World history World history may refer to: * Human history, the history of human beings * History of Earth, the history of planet Earth * World history (field), a field of historical study that takes a global perspective * ''World History'' (album), a 1998 albu ...

Public history Public history is a broad range of activities undertaken by people with some training in the discipline of history who are generally working outside of specialized academic settings. Public history practice is deeply rooted in the areas of historic ...

Linguistics and languages

Classics Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity. In the Western world, classics traditionally refers to the study of Classical Greek and Roman literature and their related original languages, Ancient Greek and Latin. Classics ...

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Language Language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means by which humans communicate, and may be conveyed through a variety of met ...

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Business English Business English is a part of English for specific purposes and can be considered a specialism within English language learning and teaching, or a variant of international English. Many non-native English speakers study the subject with the goal o ...

Classical language A classical language is any language with an independent literary tradition and a large and ancient body of written literature. Classical languages are typically dead languages, or show a high degree of diglossia, as the spoken varieties of the ...

Modern language A modern language is any human language that is currently in use. The term is used in language education to distinguish between languages which are used for day-to-day communication (such as French and German) and dead classical languages such a ...

Standard English In an English-speaking country, Standard English (SE) is the variety of English that has undergone substantial regularisation and is associated with formal schooling, language assessment, and official print publications, such as public service a ...

World Englishes World Englishes is a term for emerging localised or indigenised varieties of English, especially varieties that have developed in territories influenced by the United Kingdom or the United States. The study of World Englishes consists of ident ...

Applied linguistics Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field which identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. Some of the academic fields related to applied linguistics are education, psychology, communication rese ...

Comics studies Comics studies (also comic art studies, sequential art studies or graphic narrative studies) is an academic field that focuses on comics and sequential art. Although comics and graphic novels have been generally dismissed as less relevant pop c ...

Composition studies Composition studies (also referred to as composition and rhetoric, rhetoric and composition, writing studies, or simply composition) is the professional field of writing, research, and instruction, focusing especially on writing at the college leve ...

Computational linguistics Computational linguistics is an Interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary field concerned with the computational modelling of natural language, as well as the study of appropriate computational approaches to linguistic questions. In general, comput ...

Discourse analysis Discourse analysis (DA), or discourse studies, is an approach to the analysis of written, vocal, or sign language use, or any significant semiotic event. The objects of discourse Analysis ( discourse, writing, conversation, communicative event ...

English studies English studies (usually called simply English) is an academic discipline taught in primary, secondary, and post-secondary education in English-speaking countries; it is not to be confused with English taught as a foreign language, which ...

Etymology Etymology ()The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time". is the study of the history of the Phonological chan ...

Grammar In linguistics, the grammar of a natural language is its set of structure, structural constraints on speakers' or writers' composition of clause (linguistics), clauses, phrases, and words. The term can also refer to the study of such constraint ...

History of linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of language, involving analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context. Language use was first systematically documented in Mesopotamia, with extant lexical lists of the 3rd to the 2nd M ...

Interlinguistics Interlinguistics, as the science of planned languages, has existed for more than a century as a specific branch of linguistics for the study of various aspects of linguistic communication. Interlinguistics is a discipline formalized by Otto Jespers ...

Lexicology Lexicology is the branch of linguistics that analyzes the lexicon of a specific language. A word is the smallest meaningful unit of a language that can stand on its own, and is made up of small components called morphemes and even smaller element ...

Linguistic typology Linguistic typology (or language typology) is a field of linguistics that studies and classifies languages according to their structural features to allow their comparison. Its aim is to describe and explain the structural diversity and the co ...

Morphology Morphology, from the Greek and meaning "study of shape", may refer to: Disciplines * Morphology (archaeology), study of the shapes or forms of artifacts * Morphology (astronomy), study of the shape of astronomical objects such as nebulae, galaxies ...

Natural language processing Natural language processing (NLP) is an interdisciplinary subfield of linguistics, computer science, and artificial intelligence concerned with the interactions between computers and human language, in particular how to program computers to pro ...

Philology Philology () is the study of language in oral and writing, written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics (with especially strong ties to etymology). Philology is also defin ...

Phonetics Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies how humans produce and perceive sounds, or in the case of sign languages, the equivalent aspects of sign. Linguists who specialize in studying the physical properties of speech are phoneticians. ...

Phonology Phonology is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages or dialects systematically organize their sounds or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a ...

Pragmatics In linguistics and related fields, pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to meaning. The field of study evaluates how human language is utilized in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the interpreter and the int ...

Psycholinguistics Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the interrelation between linguistic factors and psychological aspects. The discipline is mainly concerned with the mechanisms by which language is processed and represented in the mind ...

Semantics Semantics (from grc, σημαντικός ''sēmantikós'', "significant") is the study of reference, meaning, or truth. The term can be used to refer to subfields of several distinct disciplines, including philosophy Philosophy (f ...

Semiotics Semiotics (also called semiotic studies) is the systematic study of sign processes ( semiosis) and meaning making. Semiosis is any activity, conduct, or process that involves signs, where a sign is defined as anything that communicates something ...

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Syntax In linguistics, syntax () is the study of how words and morphemes combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns of syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure ( constituency) ...

Terminology science Terminology is a group of specialized words and respective meanings in a particular field, and also the study of such terms and their use; the latter meaning is also known as terminology science. A ''term'' is a word, compound word, or multi-wor ...

Rhetoric Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate parti ...

Usage The usage of a language is the ways in which its written and spoken variations are routinely employed by its speakers; that is, it refers to "the collective habits of a language's native speakers", as opposed to idealized models of how a language ...

Word usage {{unreferenced, date=December 2015 Word usage is the way a word, phrase, or concept is used in a language or language variety. Lexicographers gather samples of written instances where a word is used and analyze them to determine patterns of regiona ...

Philosophy

Meta-philosophy Metaphilosophy, sometimes called the philosophy of philosophy, is "the investigation of the nature of philosophy". Its subject matter includes the aims of philosophy, the boundaries of philosophy, and its methods. Thus, while philosophy characte ...

Metaphysics Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that studies the fundamental nature of reality, the first principles of being, identity and change, space and time, causality, necessity, and possibility. It includes questions about the nature of conscio ...

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Ontology In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being, as well as related concepts such as existence, becoming, and reality. Ontology addresses questions like how entities are grouped into categories and which of these entities exis ...

Teleology Teleology (from and )Partridge, Eric. 1977''Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English'' London: Routledge, p. 4187. or finalityDubray, Charles. 2020 912Teleology" In ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'' 14. New York: Robert Appleton ...

Philosophy of mind Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that studies the ontology and nature of the mind and its relationship with the body. The mind–body problem is a paradigmatic issue in philosophy of mind, although a number of other issues are addre ...

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Philosophy of artificial intelligence The philosophy of artificial intelligence is a branch of the philosophy of technology that explores artificial intelligence and its implications for knowledge and understanding of intelligence, ethics, consciousness, epistemology, and free will. ...

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Philosophy of perception The philosophy of perception is concerned with the nature of perceptual experience and the status of perceptual data, in particular how they relate to beliefs about, or knowledge of, the world.cf. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/perception-epi ...

*** Philosophy of pain **

Philosophy of space and time Philosophy of space and time is the branch of philosophy concerned with the issues surrounding the ontology and epistemology of space and time. While such ideas have been central to philosophy from its inception, the philosophy of space and time wa ...

Philosophy of action Action theory (or theory of action) is an area in philosophy concerned with theories about the processes causing willful human bodily movements of a more or less complex kind. This area of thought involves epistemology, ethics, metaphysics, j ...

Determinism Determinism is a philosophical view, where all events are determined completely by previously existing causes. Deterministic theories throughout the history of philosophy have developed from diverse and sometimes overlapping motives and consi ...

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Free will Free will is the capacity of agents to choose between different possible courses of action unimpeded. Free will is closely linked to the concepts of moral responsibility, praise, culpability, sin, and other judgements which apply only to actio ...

Epistemology Epistemology (; ), or the theory of knowledge, is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge. Epistemology is considered a major subfield of philosophy, along with other major subfields such as ethics, logic, and metaphysics. Episte ...

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Ethics Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior".''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns m ...

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Meta-ethics In metaphilosophy and ethics, meta-ethics is the study of the nature, scope, and meaning of moral judgment. It is one of the three branches of ethics generally studied by philosophers, the others being normative ethics (questions of how one ought ...

Normative ethics Normative ethics is the study of ethical behaviour and is the branch of philosophical ethics that investigates the questions that arise regarding how one ought to act, in a moral sense. Normative ethics is distinct from meta-ethics in that the ...

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Virtue ethics Virtue ethics (also aretaic ethics, from Greek ἀρετή arete_(moral_virtue).html"_;"title="'arete_(moral_virtue)">aretḗ''_is_an_approach_to_ethics_that_treats_the_concept_of_virtue.html" ;"title="arete_(moral_virtue)">aretḗ''.html" ;" ...

Applied ethics Applied ethics refers to the practical aspect of moral considerations. It is ethics with respect to real-world actions and their moral considerations in the areas of private and public life, the professions, health, technology, law, and leadersh ...

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Animal rights Animal rights is the philosophy according to which many or all sentient animals have moral worth that is independent of their utility for humans, and that their most basic interests—such as avoiding suffering—should be afforded the sa ...

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Bioethics Bioethics is both a field of study and professional practice, interested in ethical issues related to health (primarily focused on the human, but also increasingly includes animal ethics), including those emerging from advances in biology, med ...

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Environmental ethics In environmental philosophy, environmental ethics is an established field of practical philosophy "which reconstructs the essential types of argumentation that can be made for protecting natural entities and the sustainable use of natural resourc ...

Moral psychology Moral psychology is a field of study in both philosophy and psychology. Historically, the term "moral psychology" was used relatively narrowly to refer to the study of moral development. Moral psychology eventually came to refer more broadly to var ...

Descriptive ethics Descriptive ethics, also known as comparative ethics, is the study of people's beliefs about morality. It contrasts with prescriptive or normative ethics, which is the study of ethical theories that prescribe how people ought to act, and with meta- ...

Value theory In ethics and the social sciences, value theory involves various approaches that examine how, why, and to what degree humans value things and whether the object or subject of valuing is a person, idea, object, or anything else. Within philosophy, ...

Aesthetics Aesthetics, or esthetics, is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of beauty and taste, as well as the philosophy of art (its own area of philosophy that comes out of aesthetics). It examines aesthetic values, often expressed thr ...

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Philosophy of art Aesthetics, or esthetics, is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of beauty and taste, as well as the philosophy of art (its own area of philosophy that comes out of aesthetics). It examines aesthetic values, often expressed thr ...

Social philosophy Social philosophy examines questions about the foundations of social institutions, social behavior, and interpretations of society in terms of ethical values rather than empirical relations. Social philosophers emphasize understanding the social ...

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Political philosophy Political philosophy or political theory is the philosophical study of government, addressing questions about the nature, scope, and legitimacy of public agents and institutions and the relationships between them. Its topics include politics, l ...

Anarchism Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical of all justifications for authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including, though not necessa ...

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Feminist philosophy Feminist philosophy is an approach to philosophy from a feminist perspective and also the employment of philosophical methods to feminist topics and questions. Feminist philosophy involves both reinterpreting philosophical texts and methods in ...

Libertarianism Libertarianism (from french: libertaire, "libertarian"; from la, libertas, "freedom") is a political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core value. Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, and minimize the state's en ...

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Marxism Marxism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing to Far-left politics, far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a Materialism, materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand S ...

* Philosophical traditions and schools **

Platonism Platonism is the philosophy of Plato and philosophical systems closely derived from it, though contemporary platonists do not necessarily accept all of the doctrines of Plato. Platonism had a profound effect on Western thought. Platonism at le ...

Aristotelianism Aristotelianism ( ) is a philosophical tradition inspired by the work of Aristotle, usually characterized by deductive logic and an analytic inductive method in the study of natural philosophy and metaphysics. It covers the treatment of the socia ...

Analytic philosophy Analytic philosophy is a branch and tradition of philosophy using analysis, popular in the Western world and particularly the Anglosphere, which began around the turn of the 20th century in the contemporary era in the United Kingdom, United Sta ...

Continental philosophy Continental philosophy is a term used to describe some philosophers and philosophical traditions that do not fall under the umbrella of analytic philosophy. However, there is no academic consensus on the definition of continental philosophy. Pri ...

Eastern philosophy Eastern philosophy or Asian philosophy includes the various philosophies that originated in East and South Asia, including Chinese philosophy, Japanese philosophy, Korean philosophy, and Vietnamese philosophy; which are dominant in East Asia, ...

History of philosophy Philosophy (from , ) is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some ...

Ancient philosophy This page lists some links to ancient philosophy, namely philosophical thought extending as far as early post-classical history (). Overview Genuine philosophical thought, depending upon original individual insights, arose in many cultures ...

Medieval philosophy Medieval philosophy is the philosophy that existed through the Middle Ages, the period roughly extending from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century until after the Renaissance in the 13th and 14th centuries. Medieval philosophy, ...

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Scholasticism Scholasticism was a medieval school of philosophy that employed a critical organic method of philosophical analysis predicated upon the Aristotelian 10 Categories. Christian scholasticism emerged within the monastic schools that translate ...

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Humanism Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential and agency of human beings. It considers human beings the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry. The meaning of the term "humani ...

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Modern philosophy Modern philosophy is philosophy developed in the modern era and associated with modernity. It is not a specific doctrine or school (and thus should not be confused with ''Modernism''), although there are certain assumptions common to much of it ...

Contemporary philosophy Contemporary philosophy is the present period in the history of Western philosophy beginning at the early 20th century with the increasing professionalization of the discipline and the rise of analytic and continental philosophy. The phrase "c ...

Logic Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the science of deductively valid inferences or of logical truths. It is a formal science investigating how conclusions follow from premises ...

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Philosophical logic Understood in a narrow sense, philosophical logic is the area of logic that studies the application of logical methods to philosophical problems, often in the form of extended logical systems like modal logic. Some theorists conceive philosophical ...

Mathematical logic Mathematical logic is the study of logic, formal logic within mathematics. Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory. Research in mathematical logic commonly addresses the mathematical properties of for ...

Applied philosophy Applied philosophy (philosophy from Greek: φιλοσοφία, philosophia, 'love of wisdom') is a branch of philosophy that studies philosophical problems of practical concern. The topic covers a broad spectrum of issues in environment, medicine, ...

Philosophy of education The philosophy of education is the branch of applied philosophy that investigates the nature of education as well as its aims and problems. It includes the examination of educational theories, the presuppositions present in them, and the arguments ...

Philosophy of history Philosophy of history is the philosophical study of history and its discipline. The term was coined by French philosopher Voltaire. In contemporary philosophy a distinction has developed between ''speculative'' philosophy of history and ''crit ...

Philosophy of religion Philosophy of religion is "the philosophical examination of the central themes and concepts involved in religious traditions". Philosophical discussions on such topics date from ancient times, and appear in the earliest known texts concerning ph ...

Philosophy of language In analytic philosophy, philosophy of language investigates the nature of language and the relations between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, intentionality, reference, ...

Philosophy of law Philosophy of law is a branch of philosophy that examines the nature of law and law's relationship to other systems of norms, especially ethics and political philosophy. It asks questions like "What is law?", "What are the criteria for legal vali ...

Philosophy of mathematics The philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that studies the assumptions, foundations, and implications of mathematics. It aims to understand the nature and methods of mathematics, and find out the place of mathematics in people's ...

Philosophy of music Philosophy of music is the study of "fundamental questions about the nature of music and our experience of it".Andrew Kania,The Philosophy of Music, ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', Spring 2014 edition, edited by Edward N. Zalta. The ph ...

Philosophy of science Philosophy of science is a branch of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science. The central questions of this study concern what qualifies as science, the reliability of scientific theories, and the ultim ...

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Philosophy of social science The philosophy of social science is the study of the logic, methods, and foundations of social sciences (psychology, cultural anthropology, sociology, etc...). Philosophers of social science are concerned with the differences and similarities be ...

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Philosophy of physics In philosophy, philosophy of physics deals with conceptual and interpretational issues in modern physics, many of which overlap with research done by certain kinds of theoretical physicists. Philosophy of physics can be broadly divided into thr ...

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Philosophy of biology The philosophy of biology is a subfield of philosophy of science, which deals with epistemological, metaphysical, and ethical issues in the biological and biomedical sciences. Although philosophers of science and philosophers generally have lon ...

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Philosophy of chemistry The philosophy of chemistry considers the methodology and underlying assumptions of the science of chemistry. It is explored by philosophers, chemists, and philosopher-chemist teams. For much of its history, philosophy of science has been dominat ...

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Philosophy of economics Philosophy and economics studies topics such as public economics, behavioural economics, rationality, justice, history of economic thought, rational choice, the appraisal of economic outcomes, institutions and processes, the status of highly i ...

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Philosophy of psychology Philosophy of psychology is concerned with the philosophical foundations of the study of psychology. It deals with both epistemological and ontological issues and shares interests with other fields, including philosophy of mind and theoretical ps ...

** Philosophy of engineering **

Systems philosophy Systems philosophy is a discipline aimed at constructing a new philosophy (in the sense of worldview) by using systems concepts. The discipline was first described by Ervin Laszlo in his 1972 book ''Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New P ...

Religion

Abrahamic religions The Abrahamic religions are a group of religions centered around worship of the God of Abraham. Abraham, a Hebrew patriarch, is extensively mentioned throughout Abrahamic religious scriptures such as the Bible and the Quran. Jewish tradition ...

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global pop ...

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Christian theology Christian theology is the theology of Christianity, Christian belief and practice. Such study concentrates primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament, as well as on Christian tradition. Christian theology, theologian ...

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Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...

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Islamic studies Islamic studies refers to the academic study of Islam, and generally to academic multidisciplinary "studies" programs—programs similar to others that focus on the history, texts and theologies of other religious traditions, such as Easter ...

Judaism Judaism ( he, ''Yahăḏūṯ'') is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural, and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people. It has its roots as an organized religion in the ...

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Jewish studies Jewish studies (or Judaic studies; he, מדעי היהדות, madey ha-yahadut, sciences of Judaism) is an academic discipline centered on the study of Jews and Judaism. Jewish studies is interdisciplinary and combines aspects of history (esp ...

Apologetics Apologetics (from Greek , "speaking in defense") is the religious discipline of defending religious doctrines through systematic argumentation and discourse. Early Christian writers (c. 120–220) who defended their beliefs against critics and ...

Indian religions Indian religions, sometimes also termed Dharmic religions or Indic religions, are the religions that originated in the Indian subcontinent. These religions, which include Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism,Adams, C. J."Classification of ...

Buddhism Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and gra ...

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Buddhist studies Buddhist studies, also known as Buddhology, is the academic study of Buddhism. The term ''Buddhology'' was coined in the early 20th century by the Unitarianism, Unitarian minister Joseph Estlin Carpenter to mean the "study of Buddhahood, the natur ...

Hinduism Hinduism () is an Indian religion or '' dharma'', a religious and universal order or way of life by which followers abide. As a religion, it is the world's third-largest, with over 1.2–1.35 billion followers, or 15–16% of the global p ...

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Jainism Jainism ( ), also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religions, Indian religion. Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras (supreme preachers of ''Dharma''), with the first in the current ...

Sikhism Sikhism (), also known as Sikhi ( pa, ਸਿੱਖੀ ', , from pa, ਸਿੱਖ, lit=disciple', 'seeker', or 'learner, translit=Sikh, label=none),''Sikhism'' (commonly known as ''Sikhī'') originated from the word ''Sikh'', which comes fro ...

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) *

East Asian religions In the study of comparative religion, the East Asian religions or Taoic religions, form a subset of the Eastern religions. This group includes Chinese religion overall, which further includes Ancestral Worship, Chinese folk religion, Confuciani ...

Chinese folk religion Chinese folk religion, also known as Chinese popular religion comprehends a range of traditional religious practices of Han Chinese, including the Chinese diaspora. Vivienne Wee described it as "an empty bowl, which can variously be filled ...

Confucianism Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or ...

Shinto Shinto () is a religion from Japan. Classified as an East Asian religion by scholars of religion, its practitioners often regard it as Japan's indigenous religion and as a nature religion. Scholars sometimes call its practitioners ''Shintois ...

Daoism Taoism (, ) or Daoism () refers to either a school of philosophical thought (道家; ''daojia'') or to a religion (道教; ''daojiao''), both of which share ideas and concepts of Chinese origin and emphasize living in harmony with the ''Tao'' ...

(

) **

I-Kuan Tao Yiguandao / I-Kuan Tao (),; ko, 일관도, Ilgwando; th, อนุตตรธรรม, . meaning the Consistent Way or Persistent Way, is a Chinese salvationist religious sect that emerged in the late 19th century, in Shandong, to become C ...

Caodaism Caodaism ( vi, Đạo Cao Đài, Chữ Hán: ) is a Monotheism, monotheistic Religious syncretism, syncretic new religious movement officially established in the city of Tây Ninh in southern Vietnam in 1926. The full name of the religion is ...

Chondogyo Cheondoism (spelled Chondoism in North Korean sources; ) is a 20th-century Korean pantheistic religion, based on the 19th-century Donghak religious movement founded by Ch'oe Che-u and codified under Son Pyŏng-Hi. Cheondoism has its origin ...

Tenrikyo is a Japanese new religion which is neither strictly monotheistic nor pantheistic, originating from the teachings of a 19th-century woman named Nakayama Miki, known to her followers as "Oyasama". Followers of Tenrikyo believe that God of Origin, ...

Oomoto ''Chōseiden'' in Ayabe , also known as , is a religion founded in 1892 by Deguchi Nao (1836–1918), often categorised as a new Japanese religion originated from Shinto. The spiritual leaders of the movement have always been women within t ...

* Other religions **

African religions The traditional beliefs and practices of African people are highly diverse beliefs that include various ethnic religions.Encyclopedia of African Religion (Sage, 2009) Molefi Kete Asante Generally, these traditions are oral rather than scriptural ...

Ancient Egyptian religion Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals that formed an integral part of ancient Egyptian culture. It centered on the Egyptians' interactions with many deities believed to be present in, and in control ...

Native American religions Native American religions are the spiritual practices of the Native Americans in the United States. Ceremonial ways can vary widely and are based on the differing histories and beliefs of individual nations, tribes and bands. Early European ...

Gnosticism Gnosticism (from grc, γνωστικός, gnōstikós, , 'having knowledge') is a collection of religious ideas and systems which coalesced in the late 1st century AD among Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people ...

Occult The occult, in the broadest sense, is a category of esoteric supernatural beliefs and practices which generally fall outside the scope of religion and science, encompassing phenomena involving otherworldly agency, such as magic and mysticism a ...

Esotericism Western esotericism, also known as esotericism, esoterism, and sometimes the Western mystery tradition, is a term scholars use to categorise a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements that developed within Western society. These ideas a ...

Mysticism Mysticism is popularly known as becoming one with God or the Absolute, but may refer to any kind of ecstasy or altered state of consciousness which is given a religious or spiritual meaning. It may also refer to the attainment of insight in u ...

Spirituality The meaning of ''spirituality'' has developed and expanded over time, and various meanings can be found alongside each other. Traditionally, spirituality referred to a religious process of re-formation which "aims to recover the original shape o ...

New religious movements A new religious movement (NRM), also known as alternative spirituality or a new religion, is a religious or spiritual group that has modern origins and is peripheral to its society's dominant religious culture. NRMs can be novel in origin or th ...

Sumerian religion Sumerian religion was the religion practiced by the people of Sumer, the first literate civilization of ancient Mesopotamia. The Sumerians regarded their divinities as responsible for all matters pertaining to the natural and social orders. Ove ...

Zoroastrianism Zoroastrianism is an Iranian religions, Iranian religion and one of the world's History of religion, oldest organized faiths, based on the teachings of the Iranian peoples, Iranian-speaking prophet Zoroaster. It has a Dualism in cosmology, du ...

Comparative religion Comparative religion is the branch of the study of religions with the systematic comparison of the doctrines and practices, themes and impacts (including migration) of the world's religions. In general the comparative study of religion yie ...

and

Theism Theism is broadly defined as the belief in the existence of a supreme being or deities. In common parlance, or when contrasted with ''deism'', the term often describes the classical conception of God that is found in monotheism (also referred to ...

Irreligion Irreligion or nonreligion is the absence or rejection of religion, or indifference to it. Irreligion takes many forms, ranging from the casual and unaware to full-fledged philosophies such as atheism and agnosticism, secular humanism and a ...

Agnostic Agnosticism is the view or belief that the existence of God, of the divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. (page 56 in 1967 edition) Another definition provided is the view that "human reason is incapable of providing sufficient ...

ism **

Atheism Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there no d ...

(

) and religious humanism **

Nontheism Nontheism or non-theism is a range of both religious and nonreligious attitudes characterized by the absence of espoused belief in the existence of god or gods. Nontheism has generally been used to describe apathy or silence towards the subject o ...

The arts

Culinary arts

Acquired taste An acquired taste is an appreciation for something unlikely to be enjoyed by a person who has not had substantial exposure to it. It is the opposite of innate taste, which is the appreciation for things that are enjoyable by most persons without ...

Aftertaste Aftertaste is the taste intensity of a food or beverage that is perceived immediately after that food or beverage is removed from the mouth. The aftertastes of different foods and beverages can vary by intensity and over time, but the unifying fe ...

Appetite Appetite is the desire to eat food items, usually due to hunger. Appealing foods can stimulate appetite even when hunger is absent, although appetite can be greatly reduced by satiety. Appetite exists in all higher life-forms, and serves to regu ...

Artisanal food Artisanal food encompasses breads, cheeses, fruit preserves, cured meats, beverages, oils, and vinegars that are made by hand using traditional methods by skilled craftworkers, known as food artisans. The foodstuff material from farmers and backya ...

Cooking Cooking, cookery, or culinary arts is the art, science and craft of using heat to Outline of food preparation, prepare food for consumption. Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric ...

Cuisine A cuisine is a style of cooking characterized by distinctive ingredients, techniques and dishes, and usually associated with a specific culture or geographic region. Regional food preparation techniques, customs, and ingredients combine to ...

Culinary arts Culinary arts are the cuisine arts of food preparation, cooking and presentation of food, usually in the form of meals. People working in this field – especially in establishments such as restaurants – are commonly called chefs or ...

Culinary tourism Culinary tourism or food tourism or gastronomy tourism is the exploration of food as the purpose of tourism. It is considered a vital component of the tourism experience. Dining out is common among tourists and "food is believed to rank alongsid ...

Delicacy A delicacy is usually a rare and expensive food item that is considered highly desirable, sophisticated, or peculiarly distinctive within a given culture. Irrespective of local preferences, such a label is typically pervasive throughout a r ...

Diet Diet may refer to: Food * Diet (nutrition), the sum of the food consumed by an organism or group * Dieting, the deliberate selection of food to control body weight or nutrient intake ** Diet food, foods that aid in creating a diet for weight loss ...

Flavor Flavor or flavour is either the sensory perception of taste or smell, or a flavoring in food that produces such perception. Flavor or flavour may also refer to: Science *Flavors (programming language), an early object-oriented extension to Lis ...

Food choice Research into food choice investigates how people select the food they eat. An interdisciplinary topic, food choice comprises psychological and sociological aspects (including food politics and phenomena such as vegetarianism or religious dietary l ...

Food pairing Foodpairing, or the non-registered trademarked term food pairing, is a method for identifying which foods go well together from a flavor standpoint. The method is based on the principle that foods combine well with one another when they share ke ...

Food photography Food photography is a still life photography genre used to create attractive still life photographs of food. It is a specialization of commercial photography, the products of which are used in advertisements, magazines, packaging, menus or cook ...

Food preparation Food is any substance consumed by an organism for nutritional support. Food is usually of plant, animal, or fungal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. The substance is inge ...

Food presentation Food presentation is the art of modifying, processing, arranging, or decorating food to enhance its aesthetic appeal. The visual presentation of foods is often considered by chefs at many different stages of food preparation, from the manner ...

Food safety Food safety (or food hygiene) is used as a scientific method/discipline describing handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent food-borne illness. The occurrence of two or more cases of a similar illness resulting from t ...

Food security Food security speaks to the availability of food in a country (or geography) and the ability of individuals within that country (geography) to access, afford, and source adequate foodstuffs. According to the United Nations' Committee on World F ...

Food studies Food studies is the critical examination of food and its contexts within science, art, history, society, and other fields. It is distinctive from other food-related areas of study such as nutrition, agriculture, gastronomy, and culinary arts in that ...

Gastronomy Gastronomy is the study of the relationship between food and culture, the art of preparing and serving rich or delicate and appetizing food, the cooking styles of particular regions, and the science of good eating. One who is well versed in gastr ...

Gourmet Gourmet (, ) is a cultural idea associated with the culinary arts of fine food and drink, or haute cuisine, which is characterized by refined, even elaborate preparations and presentations of aesthetically balanced meals of several contrasting, of ...

Palatability Palatability (or palatableness) is the hedonic reward (i.e., pleasure) provided by foods or fluids that are agreeable to the "palate", which often varies relative to the homeostatic satisfaction of nutritional, water, or energy needs. The palatabil ...

Specialty foods A specialty food is a food that is typically considered as a "unique and high-value food item made in small quantities from high-quality ingredients". Consumers typically pay higher prices for specialty foods, and may perceive them as having variou ...

Traditional food Traditional foods are foods and dishes that are passed on through generations or which have been consumed for many generations. Traditional foods and dishes are traditional in nature, and may have a historic precedent in a national dish, region ...

Literature

Poetry Poetry (derived from the Greek ''poiesis'', "making"), also called verse, is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language − such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre − to evoke meanings i ...

Comparative literature Comparative literature is an academic field dealing with the study of literature and cultural expression across linguistic, national, geographic, and disciplinary boundaries. Comparative literature "performs a role similar to that of the study ...

English literature English literature is literature written in the English language from United Kingdom, its crown dependencies, the Republic of Ireland, the United States, and the countries of the former British Empire. ''The Encyclopaedia Britannica'' defines E ...

World literature World literature is used to refer to the total of the world's national literature and the circulation of works into the wider world beyond their country of origin. In the past, it primarily referred to the masterpieces of Western European lit ...

American literature American literature is literature written or produced in the United States of America and in the colonies that preceded it. The American literary tradition thus is part of the broader tradition of English-language literature, but also inc ...

British literature British literature is literature from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, and the Channel Islands. This article covers British literature in the English language. Anglo-Saxon (Old English) literature is inc ...

History of literature The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment, enlightenment, or instruction to the reader/listener/observer, as well as the development of the literary techniques ...

Medieval literature Medieval literature is a broad subject, encompassing essentially all written works available in Europe and beyond during the Middle Ages (that is, the one thousand years from the fall of the Western Roman Empire ca. AD 500 to the beginning of t ...

Post-colonial literature Postcolonial literature is the literature by people from formerly colonized countries. It exists on all continents except Antarctica. Postcolonial literature often addresses the problems and consequences of the decolonization of a country, especia ...

** Post-modern literature *

Literary theory Literary theory is the systematic study of the nature of literature and of the methods for literary analysis. Culler 1997, p.1 Since the 19th century, literary scholarship includes literary theory and considerations of intellectual history, mo ...

Critical theory A critical theory is any approach to social philosophy that focuses on society and culture to reveal, critique and challenge power structures. With roots in sociology and literary criticism, it argues that social problems stem more from soci ...

(

) **

Literary criticism Literary criticism (or literary studies) is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. Modern literary criticism is often influenced by literary theory, which is the philosophical discussion of literature's goals and methods. Th ...

Poetics Poetics is the theory of structure, form, and discourse within literature, and, in particular, within poetry. History The term ''poetics'' derives from the Ancient Greek ποιητικός ''poietikos'' "pertaining to poetry"; also "creative" an ...

Literary genre A literary genre is a category of literature. Genres may be determined by literary technique, tone, content, or length (especially for fiction). They generally move from more abstract, encompassing classes, which are then further sub-divided i ...

Creative writing Creative writing is any writing that goes outside the bounds of normal professional, journalistic, academic, or technical forms of literature, typically identified by an emphasis on narrative craft, character development, and the use of literary ...

Creative nonfiction Creative nonfiction (also known as literary nonfiction or narrative nonfiction or literary journalism or verfabula) is a genre of writing that uses literary styles and techniques to create factually accurate narratives. Creative nonfiction contra ...

Fiction Fiction is any creative work, chiefly any narrative work, portraying individuals, events, or places that are imaginary, or in ways that are imaginary. Fictional portrayals are thus inconsistent with history, fact, or plausibility. In a traditi ...

writing Writing is a medium of human communication which involves the representation of a language through a system of physically Epigraphy, inscribed, Printing press, mechanically transferred, or Word processor, digitally represented Symbols (semiot ...

(

) **

Non-fiction Nonfiction, or non-fiction, is any document or media content that attempts, in good faith, to provide information (and sometimes opinions) grounded only in facts and real life, rather than in imagination. Nonfiction is often associated with be ...

Literary journalism Creative nonfiction (also known as literary nonfiction or narrative nonfiction or literary journalism or verfabula) is a genre of writing that uses literary styles and techniques to create factually accurate narratives. Creative nonfiction contra ...

Screenwriting Screenwriting or scriptwriting is the art and craft of writing scripts for mass media such as feature films, television productions or video games. It is often a freelance profession. Screenwriters are responsible for researching the story, devel ...

Playwrighting A playwright or dramatist is a person who writes plays. Etymology The word "play" is from Middle English pleye, from Old English plæġ, pleġa, plæġa ("play, exercise; sport, game; drama, applause"). The word "wright" is an archaic English ...

Performing arts

Music Music is generally defined as the art of arranging sound to create some combination of form, harmony, melody, rhythm or otherwise expressive content. Exact definitions of music vary considerably around the world, though it is an aspect ...

(

) ** Accompanying **

Chamber music Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of instruments—traditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber or a large room. Most broadly, it includes any art music that is performed by a small numb ...

Church music Church music is Christian music written for performance in church, or any musical setting of ecclesiastical liturgy, or music set to words expressing propositions of a sacred nature, such as a hymn. History Early Christian music The onl ...

Musical composition Musical composition can refer to an original piece or work of music, either vocal or instrumental, the structure of a musical piece or to the process of creating or writing a new piece of music. People who create new compositions are called ...

Conducting Conducting is the art of directing a musical performance, such as an orchestral or choral concert. It has been defined as "the art of directing the simultaneous performance of several players or singers by the use of gesture." The primary duti ...

*** Choral conducting *** Orchestral conducting *** Wind ensemble conducting **

Early music Early music generally comprises Medieval music (500–1400) and Renaissance music (1400–1600), but can also include Baroque music (1600–1750). Originating in Europe, early music is a broad musical era for the beginning of Western classical m ...

** Jazz studies (

) **

Music education Music education is a field of practice in which educators are trained for careers as elementary or secondary music teachers, school or music conservatory ensemble directors. Music education is also a research area in which scholars do origina ...

Music history Music history, sometimes called historical musicology, is a highly diverse subfield of the broader discipline of musicology that studies music from a historical point of view. In theory, "music history" could refer to the study of the history o ...

Music genre A music genre is a conventional category that identifies some pieces of music as belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions. It is to be distinguished from ''musical form'' and musical style, although in practice these terms are some ...

Music theory Music theory is the study of the practices and possibilities of music. ''The Oxford Companion to Music'' describes three interrelated uses of the term "music theory". The first is the "rudiments", that are needed to understand music notation (ke ...

Musicology Musicology (from Greek μουσική ''mousikē'' 'music' and -λογια ''-logia'', 'domain of study') is the scholarly analysis and research-based study of music. Musicology departments traditionally belong to the humanities, although some mu ...

***

Historical musicology Musicology (from Ancient Greek, Greek μουσική ''mousikē'' 'music' and -λογια ''-logia'', 'domain of study') is the scholarly analysis and research-based study of music. Musicology departments traditionally belong to the humanities, a ...

***

Systematic musicology Systematic musicology is an umbrella term, used mainly in Central Europe, for several subdisciplines and paradigms of musicology. "Systematic musicology has traditionally been conceived of as an interdisciplinary science, whose aim it is to explor ...

Organology Organology (from Ancient Greek () 'instrument' and (), 'the study of') is the science of musical instruments and their classifications. It embraces study of instruments' history, instruments used in different cultures, technical aspects of how i ...

*** Organ and historical keyboards ***

Piano The piano is a stringed keyboard instrument in which the strings are struck by wooden hammers that are coated with a softer material (modern hammers are covered with dense wool felt; some early pianos used leather). It is played using a keyboa ...

***

Strings String or strings may refer to: *String (structure), a long flexible structure made from threads twisted together, which is used to tie, bind, or hang other objects Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Strings'' (1991 film), a Canadian anim ...

harp The harp is a stringed musical instrument that has a number of individual strings running at an angle to its soundboard; the strings are plucked with the fingers. Harps can be made and played in various ways, standing or sitting, and in orche ...

oud , image=File:oud2.jpg , image_capt=Syrian oud made by Abdo Nahat in 1921 , background= , classification= * String instruments *Necked bowl lutes , hornbostel_sachs=321.321-6 , hornbostel_sachs_desc=Composite chordophone sounded with a plectrum , ...

, and

guitar The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that typically has six strings. It is usually held flat against the player's body and played by strumming or plucking the strings with the dominant hand, while simultaneously pressing selected stri ...

(

) ***

Singing Singing is the act of creating musical sounds with the voice. A person who sings is called a singer, artist or vocalist (in jazz and/or popular music). Singers perform music (arias, recitatives, songs, etc.) that can be sung with or without ...

***

Woodwinds Woodwind instruments are a family of musical instruments within the greater category of wind instruments. Common examples include flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, and saxophone. There are two main types of woodwind instruments: flutes and reed ...

brass Brass is an alloy of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), in proportions which can be varied to achieve different mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties. It is a substitutional alloy: atoms of the two constituents may replace each other with ...

, and

percussion A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater including attached or enclosed beaters or rattles struck, scraped or rubbed by hand or struck against another similar instrument. Exc ...

Recording A record, recording or records may refer to: An item or collection of data Computing * Record (computer science), a data structure ** Record, or row (database), a set of fields in a database related to one entity ** Boot sector or boot record, ...

** Orchestral studies *

Dance Dance is a performing art form consisting of sequences of movement, either improvised or purposefully selected. This movement has aesthetic and often symbolic value. Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoir ...

(

) **

Choreography Choreography is the art or practice of designing sequences of movements of physical bodies (or their depictions) in which Motion (physics), motion or Visual appearance, form or both are specified. ''Choreography'' may also refer to the design ...

Dance notation Dance notation is the symbolic representation of human dance movement and form, using methods such as graphic symbols and figures, path mapping, numerical systems, and letter and word notations. Several dance notation systems have been invented ...

Ethnochoreology Ethnochoreology (also dance ethnology, dance anthropology) is the study of dance through the application of a number of disciplines such as anthropology, musicology, ethnomusicology, and ethnography. The word itself is relatively recent and etym ...

History of dance The history of dance is difficult to access because dance does not often leave behind clearly identifiable physical artifacts that last over millennia, such as stone tools, hunting implements or cave paintings. It is not possible to identify w ...

Television Television, sometimes shortened to TV, is a telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound. The term can refer to a television set, or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertisin ...

(

) **

Television studies Television studies is an academic discipline that deals with critical approaches to television. Usually, it is distinguished from mass communication research, which tends to approach the topic from a social sciences perspective. Defining the field ...

Theatre Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The perform ...

(

) **

History History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...

Acting Acting is an activity in which a story is told by means of its enactment by an actor or actress who adopts a character—in theatre, television, film, radio, or any other medium that makes use of the mimetic mode. Acting involves a broad r ...

** Directing **

Stage design Scenic design (also known as scenography, stage design, or set design) is the creation of theatrical, as well as film or television scenery. Scenic designers come from a variety of artistic backgrounds, but in recent years, are mostly trained ...

Puppetry Puppetry is a form of theatre or performance that involves the manipulation of puppets – inanimate objects, often resembling some type of human or animal figure, that are animated or manipulated by a human called a puppeteer. Such a perform ...

Dramaturgy Dramaturgy is the study of dramatic composition and the Representation (arts), representation of the main elements of drama on the stage. The term first appears in the eponymous work ''Hamburg Dramaturgy'' (1767–69) by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing ...

Scenography Scenography (inclusive of scenic design, lighting design, sound design, costume design) is a practice of crafting stage environments or atmospheres. In the contemporary English usage, scenography is the combination of technological and material st ...

Musical theatre Musical theatre is a form of theatrical performance that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting and dance. The story and emotional content of a musical – humor, pathos, love, anger – are communicated through words, music, movemen ...

Film A film also called a movie, motion picture, moving picture, picture, photoplay or (slang) flick is a work of visual art that simulates experiences and otherwise communicates ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or atmosphere ...

(

) **

Animation Animation is a method by which image, still figures are manipulated to appear as Motion picture, moving images. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent cel, celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited ...

Live action Live action (or live-action) is a form of cinematography or videography that uses photography instead of animation. Some works combine live-action with animation to create a live-action animated film. Live-action is used to define film, video ga ...

Filmmaking Filmmaking (film production) is the process by which a motion picture is produced. Filmmaking involves a number of complex and discrete stages, starting with an initial story, idea, or commission. It then continues through screenwriting, casti ...

Film criticism Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films and the film medium. In general, film criticism can be divided into two categories: Journalism, journalistic criticism that appears regularly in newspapers, magazines and other popular mass-m ...

Film genre A film genre is a stylistic or thematic category for motion pictures based on similarities either in the narrative elements, aesthetic approach, or the emotional response to the film. Drawing heavily from the theories of literary-genre cri ...

Film studies Film studies is an academic discipline that deals with various theoretical, historical, and critical approaches to cinema as an art form and a medium. It is sometimes subsumed within media studies and is often compared to television studies. ...

Film theory Film theory is a set of scholarly approaches within the academic discipline of film or cinema studies that began in the 1920s by questioning the formal essential attributes of motion pictures; and that now provides conceptual frameworks for und ...

Oral literature Oral literature, orature or folk literature is a genre of literature that is spoken or sung as opposed to that which is written, though much oral literature has been transcribed. There is no standard definition, as anthropologists have used vary ...

Public speaking Public speaking, also called oratory or oration, has traditionally meant the act of speaking face to face to a live audience. Today it includes any form of speaking (formally and informally) to an audience, including pre-recorded speech deliver ...

Performance poetry Performance poetry is a broad term, encompassing a variety of styles and genres. In brief, it is poetry that is specifically composed for or during a performance before an audience. During the 1980s, the term came into popular usage to describe p ...

Spoken word Spoken word refers to an oral poetic performance art that is based mainly on the poem as well as the performer's aesthetic qualities. It is a late 20th century continuation of an ancient oral artistic tradition that focuses on the aesthetics of ...

Storytelling Storytelling is the social and cultural activity of sharing stories, sometimes with improvisation, theatrics or embellishment. Every culture has its own stories or narratives, which are shared as a means of entertainment, education, cultural pre ...

Electronic game An electronic game is a game that uses electronics to create an interactive system with which a player can play. Video games are the most common form today, and for this reason the two terms are often used interchangeably. There are other common ...

Arcade game An arcade game or coin-op game is a coin-operated entertainment machine typically installed in public businesses such as restaurants, bars and amusement arcades. Most arcade games are presented as primarily games of skill and include arcade v ...

Audio game An audio game is an electronic game played on a device such as a personal computer. It is similar to a video game save that there is audible and tactile feedback but not visual. Audio games originally started out as 'blind accessible'-games an ...

Outline of video games The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to video games: Video game – an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. The word ''video'' in '' ...

Visual arts

Craft A craft or trade is a pastime or an occupation that requires particular skills and knowledge of skilled work. In a historical sense, particularly the Middle Ages and earlier, the term is usually applied to people occupied in small scale prod ...

Fine arts In European academic traditions, fine art is developed primarily for aesthetics or creative expression, distinguishing it from decorative art or applied art, which also has to serve some practical function, such as pottery or most metalwork ...

Forgery Forgery is a white-collar crime that generally refers to the false making or material alteration of a legal instrument with the specific intent to defraud anyone (other than themself). Tampering with a certain legal instrument may be forbidd ...

Graphic design Graphic design is a profession, academic discipline and applied art whose activity consists in projecting visual communications intended to transmit specific messages to social groups, with specific objectives. Graphic design is an interdiscipli ...

Graphic arts A category of fine art, graphic art covers a broad range of visual artistic expression, typically two-dimensional, i.e. produced on a flat surface.

Drawing Drawing is a form of visual art in which an artist uses instruments to mark paper or other two-dimensional surface. Drawing instruments include graphite pencils, pen and ink, various kinds of paints, inked brushes, colored pencils, crayons, ...

(

) **

Painting Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the "matrix" or "support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and ...

(

) ** Photography (Outline of photography, outline) * Sculpture (Outline of sculpture, outline)

Economics

* Agricultural economics * Anarchist economics *Applied economics * Behavioural economics * Bioeconomics (biophysical), Bioeconomics * Business * Complexity economics * Computational economics * Consumer economics * Development economics * Digital economy * Ecological economics * Econometrics * Economic geography * Economic history * Economic sector * Economic sociology * Economic systems * Economic value * Energy economics * Entrepreneurial economics * Environmental economics * Evolutionary economics * Experimental economics * Feminist economics * Financial economics * Financial econometrics * Green economics * Economic growth, Growth economics * Human development theory * Industrial organization * Information economics * Institutional economics * International economics * Islamic economics * JEL classification codes in searching for articles by fields in economics journals * Knowledge economy * Labor economics * Law and economics * Macroeconomics * Managerial economics * Market economy * Marxian economics * Mathematical economics * Microeconomics * Monetary economics * Neuroeconomics * Participatory economics * Political economy * Public finance * Public economics * Real estate economics * Resource economics * Social choice theory * Socialist economics * Socioeconomics * Transport economics * Welfare economics

Geography

* Cartography (Outline of cartography, outline) * Navigation * Human geography ** Cultural geography *** Feminist geography ** Economic geography *** Development geography ** Historical geography ** Time geography ** Political geography & geopolitics *** Military geography *** Strategic geography ** Population geography ** Social geography *** Behavioral geography *** Children's geographies *** Health geography *** Tourism geography ** Urban geography * Environmental geography * Physical geography ** Biogeography ** Climatology *** Palaeoclimatology ** Coastal geography ** Geomorphology ** Geodesy ** Hydrology/Hydrography *** Glaciology *** Limnology *** Biogeochemistry *** Oceanography ** Landscape ecology ** Palaeogeography * Regional geography * Remote sensing

Interdisciplinary studies

Area studies

* African studies * American studies ** Appalachian studies ** Canadian studies ** Latin American studies * Asian studies ** Central Asian studies ** East Asian studies ** Iranian studies ** Japanology (Japanese studies) ** Korean studies ** Sinology (Outline of sinology, outline) (Chinese studies) ** South Asian studies (Indology) *** Dravidology *** Pakistan studies *** Sindhology ** Southeast Asian studies * European studies ** Celtic studies ** German studies ** Indo-European studies ** Scandinavian studies ** Slavic studies * Australian studies * Pacific studies * Middle East studies *Russian Empire, Russian and Eastern European Studies, Eastern European studies

Ethnic and cultural studies

*Cultural studies *Ethnic studies *

* Culturology *Cross-cultural studies *White studies *Black studies

Gender and sexuality studies

* Androcentrism * Feminine psychology * Feminism * Feminity * Feminist theory * Gender dysphoria * Gender history * Gender identity * Gender role * Gender studies/Gender theory * Genderqueer * Gynocentrism * Heterosexism * Human sexual behavior * Human sexuality (Outline of human sexuality, outline) * Intersex * Masculinity * Masculism * Men in feminism * Men's liberation movement * Men's movement * Men's rights movement * Men's studies * Misandry * Misogyny * Postfeminism * Postgenderism * Queer studies/Queer theory * Sex and gender distinction * Sex differences in psychology * Sex education * Sexism * Sexology * Third gender * Transgender * Women's rights * Women's studies

Organizational studies

* Business economics * Business ethics * Business studies * Decision science * Entrepreneurship * Human resources management * Industrial organization * Management * Organizational behavior * Organization theory * Project management * Quality control * Strategy

Political science

* Politics of the United States, American politics * Politics of Canada, Canadian politics * Civics * Comparative politics * European studies * Geopolitics (Political geography) * International relations * International organizations * Nationalism studies * Peace and conflict studies * Policy studies * Theories of political behavior, Political behavior * Political culture * Political economy * Political history *

* Psephology * Public administration ** Nonprofit organization, Nonprofit administration ** Non-governmental organization, Non-governmental organization (NGO) administration * Public policy * Social choice theory

Psychology

* Abnormal psychology * Applied psychology * Asian psychology * Biological psychology * Black psychology * Clinical psychology * Clinical neuropsychology * Cognitive psychology * Community psychology * Comparative psychology * Conservation psychology * Consumer psychology * Counseling psychology * Criminal psychology * Cultural psychology * Developmental psychology * Differential psychology * Ecological psychology * Educational psychology * Environmental psychology * Evolutionary psychology * Experimental psychology * Group dynamics, Group psychology * Journal of Family Psychology, Family psychology * Feminine psychology * Forensic psychology * Forensic developmental psychology * Health psychology * Humanistic psychology * Indigenous psychology * Legal psychology * Mathematical psychology * Media psychology * Medical psychology * Military psychology *

and

* Music psychology * Neuropsychology * Occupational psychology * Occupational health psychology * Industrial and organizational psychology, Organizational psychology * Parapsychology (Outline of parapsychology, outline) * Pediatric psychology * Pedology (children study) * Personality psychology * Phenomenology (psychology), Phenomenology * Political psychology * Positive psychology * Problem solving * Psychoanalysis * Psychobiology * Psychometrics * Psychology of religion * Psychopathology ** Child psychopathology * Psychophysics * Quantitative psychology * Rehabilitation Psychology (journal), Rehabilitation psychology * School psychology * Social psychology * Sport psychology * Traffic psychology * Transpersonal psychology * Travel psychology

Sociology

* Analytical sociology * Applied sociology ** Political sociology ** Public sociology ** Social engineering (political science), Social engineering ** Leisure studies * Architectural sociology * Collective behavior, Behavioral sociology * Chinese sociology * Collective behavior ** Activism ** Social movements * Social phenomenon * Community informatics ** Social network analysis * Comparative sociology * Conflict theories, Conflict theory * Critical sociology * Cultural sociology * Cultural studies * Criminology/Criminal justice (Outline of criminal justice, outline) * Critical management studies * Demography/Population * Digital sociology * Dramaturgical sociology * Economic sociology * Educational sociology * Empirical sociology * Environmental sociology * Evolutionary sociology * Feminist sociology * Figurational Sociology, Figurational sociology * Futures studies (Outline of futures studies, outline) * Historical sociology * Human ecology * Humanistic sociology * Industrial sociology * Interactionism * Internet sociology * Interpretive sociology ** Phenomenology (philosophy), Phenomenology ** Ethnomethodology ** Symbolic interactionism ** Social constructionism * Jealousy sociology * Macrosociology * Marxist sociology * Mathematical sociology * Medical sociology * Mesosociology * Microsociology * Military sociology * Natural resource sociology * Organizational studies * Phenomenological sociology * Policy sociology * Polish sociology * Psychoanalytic sociology * Science studies/Science and technology studies * Sexology * Social capital * Social change * Social conflict theory * Social control ** Pure sociology * Social economy *

* Social psychology * Social policy * Social research * Social transformation ** Computational sociology ** Economic sociology/Socioeconomics *** Economic development *** Social change, Social development * Sociology of aging * Rural sociology, Sociology of agriculture * Sociology of art * Societal and cultural aspects of autism, Sociology of autism * Sociology of childhood * Social conflict, Sociology of conflict * Sociology of culture * Sociology of the Internet, Sociology of cyberspace * Deviance (sociology), Sociology of deviance * Development theory, Sociology of development * Sociology of disaster * Sociology of education * Sociology of emotions * Sociology of fatherhood * Sociology of film * Social studies of finance, Sociology of finance * Sociology of food * Sociology of gender * Theory of generations, Sociology of generations * World-systems theory, Sociology of globalization * Political sociology, Sociology of government * Sociology of health and illness * Sociology of human consciousness * Sociology of immigration * Sociology of knowledge * Sociology of language * Sociology of law * Sociology of leisure * Sociology of literature * Economic sociology, Sociology of markets * Sociology of the family#Sociology of marriage, Sociology of marriage * Sociology of motherhood * Sociomusicology, Sociology of music * Natural resource management, Sociology of natural resources * Organizational behavior, Sociology of organizations * Sociology of peace, war, and social conflict * Sociology of punishment * Sociology of race and ethnic relations * Sociology of religion * Risk, Sociology of risk * Sociology of scientific knowledge, Sociology of science * Sociology of scientific knowledge * Social change, Sociology of social change * Social movement, Sociology of social movements * Sociology of space * Sociology of sport * Science, technology and society, Sociology of technology * Sociology of terrorism * Sociology of the body * Sociology of the family * Sociology of the history of science * Sociology of the Internet * Industrial sociology, Sociology of work * Social theory * Social stratification * Sociological theory * Sociobiology * Sociocybernetics *

* Sociomusicology * Structural sociology * Theoretical sociology * Urban studies or Urban sociology/Rural sociology * Victimology * Visual sociology

Natural sciences

Biology

* Aerobiology * Anatomy ** Comparative anatomy ** Human anatomy (Outline of human anatomy, outline) * Bacteriology * Biochemistry (Outline of biochemistry, outline) * Bioinformatics * Biophysics (Outline of biophysics, outline) * Biotechnology (Outline of biotechnology, outline) * Botany (Outline of botany, outline) **

** Phycology * Cell biology (Outline of cell biology, outline) * Chronobiology * Cognitive biology * Computational biology * Conservation biology * Cryobiology * Developmental biology ** Embryology ** Gerontology ** Teratology * Ecology (Outline of ecology, outline) ** Agroecology ** Ethnoecology ** Human ecology ** Landscape ecology * Forensic biology * Genetics (Outline of genetics, outline) ** Behavioural genetics ** Molecular genetics **

* Geobiology * Endocrinology * Evolution (Outline of evolution, outline) ** Systematics ** Taxonomy (general), Taxonomy * Histology * Human biology * Immunology (Outline of immunology, outline) * Limnology * Linnaean taxonomy * Marine biology * Mathematical biology * Microbiology * Molecular biology * Mycology * Neuroscience (Outline of neuroscience, outline) ** Behavioral neuroscience ** Neurophysics ** Computational Neuroscience * Nutrition (Outline of nutrition, outline) * Paleobiology ** Paleontology * Parasitology * Pathology ** Anatomical pathology ** Clinical pathology ** Dermatopathology ** Forensic pathology ** Hematopathology ** Histopathology ** Molecular pathology ** Surgical pathology ** Phytopathology * Physiology ** Human physiology *** Exercise physiology * Population biology * Psychobiology * Quantum biology * Sociobiology * Structural Biology * Systems biology * Theoretical biology * Toxicology * Virology ** Molecular virology * Xenobiology * Zoology (Outline of zoology, outline) ** Animal communications ** Apiology ** Arachnology ** Arthropodology ** Batrachology ** Bryozoology ** Carcinology ** Cetology ** Cnidariology ** Entomology *** Forensic entomology ** Ethnozoology ** Ethology ** Helminthology ** Herpetology ** Ichthyology (Outline of fish, outline) ** Invertebrate zoology ** Mammalogy *** Cynology *** Felinology ** Malacology *** Conchology *** Limacology *** Teuthology ** Myriapodology ** Myrmecology (Outline of ants, outline) ** Nematology ** Neuroethology ** Oology ** Ornithology (Outline of birds, outline) ** Planktology **

** Zootomy ** Zoosemiotics

Chemistry

:''See also Pure chemistry, Branches of chemistry'' * Agrochemistry * Analytical chemistry * Astrochemistry * Atmospheric chemistry * Biochemistry (Outline of biochemistry, outline) * Catalysts * Chemical engineering (Outline of chemical engineering, outline) * Chemical biology * Chemical physics * Cheminformatics * Computational chemistry * Cosmochemistry * Environmental chemistry * Femtochemistry *

* Flow chemistry * Forensic chemistry * Geochemistry * Green chemistry * Histochemistry * Hydrogenation * Immunochemistry * Inorganic chemistry * Marine chemistry * Mathematical chemistry * Mechanochemistry * Medicinal chemistry * Molecular biology * Molecular mechanics * Nanotechnology * Natural product chemistry * Neurochemistry * Nuclear chemistry * Oenology * Organic chemistry (Outline of organic chemistry, outline) * Organometallic chemistry * Petrochemistry * Pharmacology * Photochemistry * Physical chemistry ** Electrochemistry ** Physical organic chemistry * Phytochemistry * Polymer chemistry * Quantum chemistry * Radiochemistry * Soil chemistry * Solid-state chemistry * Sonochemistry * Supramolecular chemistry * Surface chemistry * Synthetic chemistry * Systems chemistry * Theoretical chemistry * Thermochemistry

Earth sciences

:''See also Earth science#Partial list of the major earth science topics, Branches of earth sciences'' * Atmospheric science * Climatology * Ecology * Edaphology * Environmental science * Environmental chemistry * Forensic geology * Gemology * Geobiology * Geodesy * Geography (Outline of geography, outline) * Geology (Outline of geology, outline) * Geochemistry * Geomorphology * Geophysics (Outline of geophysics, outline) * Glaciology * Hydrogeology * Hydrology (Outline of hydrology, outline) * Meteorology (Outline of meteorology, outline) * Mineralogy * Limnology * Oceanography * Pedology * Paleontology ** Paleobiology ** Paleoecology * Petrology * Planetary science (alternatively, a part of space science) * Sedimentology * Seismology * Soil science * Speleology * Tectonics * Volcanology

Physics

* Acoustics (Outline of acoustics, outline) ** Quantum acoustics * Agrophysics * Applied physics (Outline of applied physics, outline) ** Accelerator physics ** Communication physics * Astrophysics * Atmospheric physics ** Atmospheric electricity * Atomic, molecular, and optical physics * Atomic physics * Biophysics (Outline of biophysics, outline) ** Neurophysics * Chemical physics * Classical physics * Computational physics * Condensed matter physics * Cryogenics * Digital physics * Dynamics (mechanics), Dynamics ** Analytical dynamics ** Orbital mechanics, Astrodynamics ** Brownian dynamics ** File dynamics ** Flight dynamics ** Fluid dynamics *** Aerodynamics *** Hydrodynamics ** Fractional dynamics ** Geodynamics ** Molecular dynamics ** Newtonian dynamics ** Langevin dynamics ** Quantum chromodynamics ** Quantum electrodynamics ** Relativistic dynamics ** Stellar dynamics ** System dynamics ** Thermodynamics ** Vehicle dynamics * Econophysics * Electromagnetism ** Electricity *** Electrostatic ** Magnetism * Engineering physics * Experimental physics * Geophysics (Outline of geophysics, outline) ** Biogeophysics ** Geomagnetism * Kinematics ** Fluid kinematics ** Relativistic mechanics#Relativistic kinematics, Relativistic kinematics * Kinetics (physics), Kinetics ** Electrohydrodynamics, Electrokinetics ** Homeokinetics * Laser physics * Materials physics * Mathematical physics * Medical physics * Mechanics ** Analytical mechanics ** Applied mechanics ** Ballistics ** Biomechanics ** Celestial mechanics ** Classical mechanics ** Continuum mechanics ** Fluid mechanics *** Compressible flow *** Gas mechanics ** Fracture mechanics ** Hamiltonian mechanics ** Hydraulics ** Lagrangian mechanics ** Matrix mechanics ** Molecular mechanics ** Optomechanics ** Particle mechanics ** Quantum mechanics ** Relativistic mechanics ** Relativistic quantum mechanics ** Soil mechanics ** Solid mechanics ** Statistical mechanics *** Quantum statistical mechanics * Mineral physics * Molecular physics * Nuclear physics * Optics ** Geometrical optics ** Physical optics ** Quantum optics * Particle physics * Petrophysics * Photonics * Physical chemistry * Plasma physics * Polymer physics * Quantum physics ** Quantum technology * Radiophysics * Theory of relativity, Relativity ** General relativity ** Special relativity * Social physics * Soil physics * Solid state physics * Spintronics * Statics ** Fluid statics * Statistical physics * Surface physics * Theoretical physics ** Quantum field theory ** Quantum gravity * Thermal physics

Space sciences

* Aerospace engineering ** Aerospace architecture ** Aerospace physiology ** Aerospace manufacturing ** Astronautics *** Space architecture *** Space colonization *** Space commercialization **** Space-based economy **** Space industry **** Space manufacturing **** Space tourism *** Space environment *** Space logistics *** Space food *** Space medicine **** Neuroscience in space *** Religion in space, Space religion *** Sex in space, Space sex *** Space and survival, Space survival *** Space warfare *** Writing in space, Space writing ** Aeronautics ** Control engineering ** Human spaceflight ** Robotic spacecraft ** Space corrosion * Space technology ** Space telescopes ** Space-based radar ** Space-based solar power ** Spacecraft design ** Spacecraft propulsion * Asteroid-impact avoidance * Astrobiology * Astrobotany * Astrochemistry ** Theoretical astronomy * Cosmochemistry * Cosmology ** Physical cosmology * Micro-g environment, Micro-g environment research * Remote sensing * Space archaeology * Space exploration * Space law * Nuclear power in space, Space nuclear power

Astronomy

* Astronomy (Outline of astronomy, outline) **

** Astrometry ** Amateur astronomy ** Forensic astronomy ** Extragalactic astronomy ** Galactic astronomy ** High-energy astronomy ** Observational astronomy *** Radio astronomy *** Timeline of cosmic microwave background astronomy, Microwave astronomy *** Submillimetre astronomy *** Infrared astronomy *** Optical astronomy *** UV astronomy *** X-ray astronomy *** Gamma-ray astronomy *** Cosmic-ray observatory, Cosmic-ray astronomy *** Neutrino astronomy *** Gravitational wave astronomy ** Photometry (astronomy), Photometry ** Spectroscopy ** Stellar astronomy *** Solar astronomy * Astrophysics ** Celestial mechanics ** Compact objects ** Computational astrophysics ** Gravity, Gravitational astronomy *** Black holes ** Interstellar medium ** Direct numerical simulation, Numerical simulations *** Astrophysical plasma *** Galaxy formation and evolution *** High-energy astronomy, High-energy astrophysics *** Hydrodynamics *** Magnetohydrodynamics *** Star formation ** Orbital mechanics ** Physical cosmology ** Relativistic astrophysics ** Star, Stellar astrophysics *** Helioseismology *** Solar physics *** Stellar evolution *** Stellar nucleosynthesis ** Space plasma physics * Planetary science (alternatively, a part of earth science) ** Atmospheric science ** Exoplanetology ** Planetary formation ** Planetary rings ** Magnetospheres ** Planetary geology ** Planetary surfaces ** Small Solar System bodies

Formal sciences

Computer sciences

''Also a branch of electrical engineering'' * Theory of computation ** Automata theory (Formal languages) ** Computability theory (computer science), Computability theory ** Computational complexity theory ** Concurrency theory * Very-large-scale integration, VLSI design * Operating systems * Algorithms ** Randomized algorithms ** Distributed algorithms ** Parallel algorithms ** Computational geometry * Database * Data structures * Computer architecture * Computer networking, Computer communications (networks) ** Information theory ** Internet, World Wide Web ** Wireless computing (Mobile computing) ** Ubiquitous computing ** Cloud computing * Computer program * Computer programming * Computer security and High availability, reliability ** Cryptanalysis ** Cryptography ** Fault-tolerant system, Fault-tolerant computing * Distributed computing ** Grid computing * Parallel computing ** High-performance computing * Quantum computing * Computer graphics ** Image processing ** Scientific visualization * Software engineering ** Formal methods (Formal verification) * Programming languages ** Programming paradigms *** Imperative programming *** Object-oriented programming *** Functional programming *** Logic programming *** Concurrent programming language, Concurrent programming ** Program semantics ** Type theory ** Compilers * Human–computer interaction * Information science (Outline of information science, outline) ** Data management ** Data mining ** Database (Outline of databases, outline) *** Relational database *** Distributed database *** Object database ** Information retrieval ** Information management ** Information system ** Information technology ** Knowledge management ** Multimedia, hypermedia *** Sound and music computing ** Quantum information * Theoretical computer science * Artificial intelligence (Outline of artificial intelligence, outline) ** Cognitive science *** Automated reasoning *** Machine learning **** Artificial neural network **** Support vector machine ***

(

) *** Computer vision (Outline of computer vision, outline) ** Expert systems ** Robotics (Outline of robotics, outline) * Computing in mathematics, natural sciences, engineering, and medicine ** Numerical analysis ** Symbolic computation, Algebraic (symbolic) computation ** Computational number theory ** Computational mathematics ** Scientific computing, Scientific computing (Computational science) ** Computational biology, Computational biology (bioinformatics) ** Computational physics ** Computational chemistry ** Computational neuroscience ** Computer-aided engineering *** Finite element analysis *** Computational fluid dynamics * Computing in

s, The arts, arts,

, and professions ** Computational economics ** Computational sociology ** Computational finance ** Digital humanities (Humanities computing) ** History of computer hardware ** History of computer science (Outline of computer science#History of computer science, outline) ** Humanistic informatics ** Community informatics

Logic

** Set theory ** Proof theory ** Model theory ** Recursion theory ** Modal logic ** Intuitionistic logic *

** Logical reasoning ** Modal logic *** Deontic logic *** Doxastic logic * Logic in computer science ** Formal semantics of programming languages, Programming language semantics ** Formal methods (Formal verification) ** Type theory ** Logic programming ** Multi-valued logic *** Fuzzy logic

Mathematics

Pure mathematics

:''See also Areas of mathematics, Branches of mathematics and AM
Mathematics Subject Classification
' * Algebra (Outline of algebra, outline) ** Group theory ** Ring theory *** Commutative algebra ** Field theory (mathematics), Field theory ** Linear algebra (Vector space) ** Multilinear algebra ** Universal algebra ** Homological algebra ** Differential algebra ** Lattice theory (Order theory) ** Representation theory ** K-theory ** Category theory *** Topos, Topos theory * Mathematical analysis, Analysis ** Real analysis *** Calculus (Outline of calculus, outline) ** Complex analysis ** Functional analysis *** Operator theory ** Non-standard analysis ** Harmonic analysis *** Fourier analysis ** p-adic analysis ** Ordinary differential equations ** Partial differential equations * Probability theory ** Measure theory *** Integral geometry ** Ergodic theory ** Stochastic process * Geometry (Outline of geometry, outline) and Topology ** General topology ** Algebraic topology ** Geometric topology ** Differential topology ** Algebraic geometry ** Projective geometry ** Affine geometry ** Non-Euclidean geometry ** Convex geometry ** Discrete geometry ** Integral geometry ** Euclidean geometry ** Finite geometry ** Galois geometry ** Noncommutative geometry ** Solid geometry ** Trigonometry * Number theory ** Analytic number theory ** Algebraic number theory ** Geometric number theory ** Arithmetic ** Arithmetic combinatorics * Mathematical logic, Logic and Foundations of mathematics ** Set theory ** Proof theory ** Model theory ** Recursion theory ** Modal logic ** Intuitionistic logic

Applied mathematics

* Approximation theory * Computational mathematics * Numerical analysis * Operations research ** Mathematical optimization ** Linear programming ** Dynamic programming ** Assignment problem ** Decision analysis ** Inventory theory ** Job shop scheduling, Scheduling ** Real options analysis ** Systems analysis ** Stochastic processes ** Optimal maintenance * Dynamical systems ** Chaos theory ** Fractal geometry * Mathematical physics ** Quantum mechanics ** Quantum field theory ** Quantum gravity *** String theory ** Statistical mechanics * Theory of computation ** Computational complexity theory * Information theory * Cryptography * Steganography * Combinatorics (Outline of combinatorics, outline) ** Coding theory * Graph theory * Game theory

= Statistics

= * Mathematical statistics * Econometrics * Actuarial science * Demography * Computational statistics ** Data mining ** Regression analysis, Regression (Outline of regression analysis, outline) ** Simulation *** Bootstrap (statistics) * Design of experiments ** Block design and Analysis of variance ** Response surface methodology * Survey sampling, Sample Survey ** Statistical sampling, Sampling theory * Statistical modelling ** Biostatistics *** Epidemiology ** Multivariate analysis *** Structural equation model *** Time series ** Reliability theory ** Quality control * Statistical theory ** Decision theory ** Mathematical statistics *** Probability (Outline of probability, outline) ** Survey (statistics), Survey methodology

Systems science

* Network science * Chaos theory * Conceptual systems * Communications system * Complex systems * Complex system * Cybernetics ** Biocybernetics ** Engineering cybernetics ** Management cybernetics ** Medical cybernetics ** New cybernetics ** Second-order cybernetics ** Sociocybernetics * Control theory ** Affect control theory ** Control engineering ** Control systems ** Dynamical systems ** Perceptual control theory * Operations research * Systems biology ** Computational systems biology ** Synthetic biology ** Systems immunology ** Systems neuroscience * Systems chemistry * System dynamics ** Social dynamics * Systems ecology ** Ecosystem ecology * Systems engineering ** Biological systems engineering ** Earth systems engineering and management ** Enterprise systems engineering ** Systems analysis * Systems theory in anthropology * Systems psychology ** Ergonomics ** Family systems theory ** Systemic therapy * Systems theory ** Biochemical systems theory ** Ecological systems theory ** Developmental systems theory ** General systems theory ** Living systems theory ** LTI system theory ** Sociotechnical systems theory ** Mathematical system theory ** World-systems theory

Professions and applied sciences

Agriculture

* Aeroponics * Agroecology * Agrology * Agronomy * Animal husbandry (Animal science) ** Beekeeping (Apiculture) * Anthroponics * Agricultural economics * Agricultural engineering ** Biological systems engineering ** Food engineering * Aquaculture * Aquaponics * Enology * Entomology * Fogponics * Food science **

* Forestry * Horticulture * Hydrology (Outline of hydrology, outline) * Hydroponics * Pedology * Plant science (Outline of botany, outline) ** Pomology * Pest control * Water purification, Purification * Viticulture

Architecture and design

* Architecture (Outline of architecture, outline) ** Interior architecture ** Landscape architecture *

* Historic preservation * Interior design (interior architecture) * Landscape architecture (landscape planning) * Landscape design * Urban planning (urban design) * Visual communication **

*** Type design ** Technical drawing * Industrial design (product design) ** Ergonomics (Outline of ergonomics, outline) ** Toy, Toy and amusement design * User experience design ** Interaction design ** Information architecture ** User interface design ** User experience evaluation * Decorative arts * Fashion design * Textile design

Business

* Accounting ** Accounting research ** Accounting scholarship * Business administration * Business analysis * Business ethics * Business law * E-Business * Entrepreneurship * Finance (Outline of finance, outline) * Industrial relations, Industrial and labor relations ** Collective bargaining ** Human resources ** Organizational studies ** Labor economics ** Labor history (discipline), Labor history * Information systems (Business informatics) ** Management information systems ** Health informatics * Information technology (Outline of information technology, outline) * International trade * Management (Outline of business management, outline) * Marketing (Outline of marketing, outline) * Operations management * Purchasing * Risk management and insurance * Systems science

Divinity

* Canon law * History of Christianity, Church history * Field ministry ** Pastoral counseling ** Pastoral theology ** Religious education techniques ** Homiletics ** Liturgy ** Sacred music **

* Hermeneutics * Scriptural study and languages ** Biblical Hebrew language, Biblical Hebrew ** Biblical studies/Sacred scripture **Vedic Study ** Koine Greek, New Testament Greek ** Latin ** Old Church Slavonic * Theology (Outline of theology, outline) ** Dogmatic theology ** Ecclesiology ** Sacrament, Sacramental theology ** Systematic theology ** Christian ethics **Hindu ethics ** Moral theology ** Historical theology

Education

* Comparative education * Critical pedagogy * Curriculum and instruction ** Alternative education ** Early childhood education ** Elementary education ** Secondary education ** Higher education ** Mastery learning ** Cooperative learning ** Agricultural education ** Art education ** Bilingual education ** Chemistry education ** Counselor education ** Language education ** Legal education ** Mathematics education ** Medical education ** Military education and training **

** Nursing education ** Outdoor education ** Peace education ** Physical education/Coach (sport), Sports coaching ** Physics education ** Reading education ** Religious education ** Science education ** Special education ** Sex education ** Sociology of education ** Technology education ** Vocational education * Educational leadership * Educational philosophy * Educational psychology * Educational technology * Distance education

Engineering and technology

Chemical engineering * Biocatalysts * Bioengineering ** Biochemical engineering ** Biomolecular engineering ** Bionics * Catalysis * Materials engineering * Molecular engineering * Nanotechnology * Polymer engineering * Process design ** Petroleum engineering ** Nuclear engineering ** Food engineering * Process engineering * Reaction engineering * Thermodynamics * Transport phenomena Civil engineering * Agricultural engineering * Coastal engineering * Construction * Earthquake engineering * Ecological engineering * Environmental engineering * Geotechnical engineering ** Engineering geology * Hydraulic engineering * Infrastructure * Mining engineering * Transportation engineering ** Highway engineering * Structural engineering ** Architectural engineering * Structural mechanics * Surveying Electrical engineering * Applied physics * Computer engineering (Outline of computer engineering, outline) * Computer science * Control engineering, Control systems engineering ** Control theory * Electronic engineering ** Electronics ** Instrumentation engineering * Engineering physics ** Photonics * Information theory * Mechatronics * Power engineering * Robotics (Outline of robotics, outline) ** Microbotics * Semiconductors * Telecommunications engineering * Quantum computing Materials science, Materials science and engineering * Biomaterials * Ceramic engineering * Corrosion engineering * Crystallography * Nanomaterials * Photonics * Metallurgy, Physical metallurgy * Polymer engineering * Polymer science * Semiconductors Mechanical engineering * Aerospace engineering **Aeronautics **Astronautics * Acoustical engineering * Automotive engineering * Biomedical engineering ** Biomechanical engineering * Continuum mechanics * Fluid mechanics * Heat transfer * Industrial engineering * Manufacturing engineering * Marine propulsion, Marine engineering * Mass transfer * Mechatronics * Nanoengineering * Offshore construction, Ocean engineering * Optical engineering * Robotics * Thermal engineering * Thermodynamics

Environmental studies and forestry

* Environmental management ** Coastal management ** Fisheries management ** Land management ** Natural resource management ** Waste management ** Wildlife management * Environmental policy * Wildlife observation * Recreation ecology * Silviculture * Sustainability studies ** Sustainable development * Toxicology * Ecology

Family and consumer science

* Consumer education * Housing * Interior design * Nutrition (Outline of nutrition, outline) ** Foodservice, Foodservice management * Textiles

Human physical performance and recreation

* Biomechanics / Sports biomechanics * Coach (sport), Sports coaching * Escapology * Ergonomics * Physical fitness ** Aerobics ** Personal trainer / Personal fitness training * Game design * Exercise physiology * Kinesiology / Exercise physiology / Performance science * Leisure studies * Navigation * Outdoor activity * Physical activity * Physical education / Pedagogy * Sociology of sport * Sexology * Sports / exercise * Sports journalism / sportscasting * Sport management ** Athletic Administration, Athletic director * Sport psychology * Sports medicine ** Athletic training * Survival skills ** Batoning ** Bushcraft ** Scoutcraft ** Woodcraft * Toy, Toy and amusement design

Journalism, media studies and communication

* Journalism (Outline of journalism, outline) ** Broadcast journalism ** Digital journalism ** Creative nonfiction, Literary journalism ** New media, New media journalism ** Journalism, Print journalism ** Sports journalism / Broadcasting of sports events, sportscasting * Media studies (Mass media) ** Newspaper ** Magazine ** Radio (Outline of radio, outline) **

(

) ***

** Film (

) ***

** Game studies ** Fan studies * Narratology ** Internet (Outline of the Internet, outline) * Communication studies ** Advertising ** Animal communication ** Communication design ** Conspiracy theory ** Digital media ** Electronic media ** Environmental communication ** Hoax ** Information theory ** Cross-cultural communication, Intercultural communication ** Marketing (Outline of marketing, outline) ** Mass communication ** Nonverbal communication ** Organizational communication ** Popular culture studies ** Propaganda ** Public relations (Outline of public relations, outline) ** Speech, Speech communication ** Technical writing ** Translation

Law

* Legal management (academic discipline) ** Corporate law ** Mercantile law ** Business law * Administrative law * Canon law * Comparative law * Constitutional law * Competition law * Criminal law ** Criminal procedure ** Criminal justice (Outline of criminal justice, outline) *** Police science *** Forensic science (Outline of forensic science, outline) * Sharia, Islamic law * Jewish law (Outline of Jewish law, outline) * Jurisprudence (Philosophy of Law) * Civil law (common law), Civil law ** Admiralty law ** Animal law/

** Common law ** Corporations ** Civil procedure ** Contract law ** Environmental law ** Family law ** Federal law ** International law *** Public international law *** Supranational law ** Labor law ** Paralegal, Paralegal studies ** Property law ** Tax law ** Tort law (Outline of tort law, outline) * Law enforcement (Outline of law enforcement, outline) * Procedural law * Substantive law

Library and museum studies

* Archival science * Archivist * Bibliographic databases * Bibliometrics * Bookmobile * Cataloging ** Citation analysis * Categorization * Classification ** Library classification ** Taxonomic classification ** Scientific classification ** Statistical classification ** Security classification ** Film classification * Collections care * Librarian#Librarian roles and duties, Collection management * Collection Management Policy * Conservation science (cultural heritage), Conservation science * Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage * Curator * Data storage * Database management * Data modeling * Digital preservation * Dissemination * Film preservation * Five laws of library science * Historic preservation * Library science#History, History of library science * Human-computer interaction * Bibliographic index, Indexer * Informatics * Information architecture * Information broker * Information literacy * Information retrieval * Information science (Outline of information science, outline) * Information systems and technology * Integrated library system * Interlibrary loan * Knowledge engineering * Knowledge management * Library * Library binding * Library circulation * Library instruction * Library portal * Library technical services * Management * Mass deacidification * Museology * Museum education * Arts administration, Museum administration * Object conservation * Historic preservation, Preservation * Prospect research * Readers' advisory * Records management * Reference * Reference desk * Reference management software * Registrar (museum), Registrar * Research methods * Slow fire * Special library * Statistics

Medicine

* Alternative medicine * Anesthesiology * Cleaning * Clinical laboratory sciences/Clinical pathology/Laboratory medicine ** Clinical biochemistry ** Cytogenetics ** Cytohematology ** cell biology, Cytology (Outline of cell biology, outline) ** Haemostasiology ** Histology ** Clinical immunology ** Clinical microbiology ** Molecular genetics ** Parasitology * Clinical physiology * Cosmetology * Decontamination * Dentistry (Outline of dentistry and oral health, outline) ** Dental hygienist, Dental hygiene and epidemiology ** Dental surgery ** Endodontics ** Orthodontics ** Oral and maxillofacial surgery ** Periodontics ** Prosthodontics ** Dental implant, Implantology * Dermatology * Emergency medicine (Outline of emergency medicine, outline) * Health informatics/Clinical informatics * Music therapy * Nursing * Nutrition (Outline of nutrition, outline) and dietetics * Optometry * Orthoptics * Osteopathy * Physiotherapy * Occupational therapy * Speech and language pathology * Internal medicine ** Preventive medicine ** Cardiology *** Cardiac electrophysiology ** Dermatology ** Pulmonology *** Medical toxicology ** Endocrinology ** Gastroenterology *** Hepatology ** Oncology ** Geriatrics ** Gynaecology ** Hematology ** Infectious disease ** Nephrology ** Neurology ** Neurosurgery ** Obstetrics (Outline of obstetrics, outline) ** Ophthalmology *** Neuro-ophthalmology ** Orthopedic surgery ** Otolaryngology ** Pathology ** Pediatrics * Pharmacy * Pharmaceutical sciences * Pharmacognosy * Physical fitness ** Aerobics ** Personal fitness training ** Kinesiology / Exercise physiology / Performance science * Physical therapy * Podiatry * Primary care ** General practice * Psychiatry (Outline of psychiatry, outline) * Psychology (Outline of psychology, outline) * Psychosomatic medicine, Psychosomatic * Psychotherapy * Public health * Radiology * Recreation therapy * Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Rehabilitation medicine * Respiratory medicine ** Pulmonology ** Sleep medicine * Respiratory therapy * Rheumatology * Sports medicine * Sterilization (microbiology) * Surgery ** Bariatric surgery ** Cardiothoracic surgery ** Neurosurgery ** Plastic surgery ** Trauma surgery ** Traumatology * Traditional medicine * Therapy * Urology ** Andrology * Veterinary medicine

Military sciences

* Amphibious warfare * Artillery * Battlespace ** Aerial warfare, Air ** Information warfare, Information ** Ground warfare, Land ** Naval warfare, Sea ** Space warfare, Space * Military campaign, Campaigning * Military engineering * Doctrine * Espionage * Game theory *Grand strategy ** Containment **Limited war ** Military science (Outline of military science and technology, outline) ** Philosophy of war ** Strategic studies ** Total war ** War (Outline of war, outline) * Leadership * Military logistics, Logistics ** Materiel ** Military supply chain management, Supply chain management * Military operation * Military history ** Prehistoric warfare, Prehistoric ** Ancient warfare, Ancient ** Medieval warfare, Medieval ** Early modern warfare, Early modern ** Industrial warfare, Industrial ** Modern warfare, Modern ** Fourth-generation warfare * Military intelligence * Military law * Military medicine * Naval science ** Naval engineering ** Naval tactics ** Naval architecture *Military organization, Organization ** Command and control ** Doctrine ** Military education and training, Education and training ** Military engineering, Engineers ** Military intelligence, Intelligence ** Military rank, Ranks ** Staff (military), Staff ** Military technology, Technology and equipment ** Military exercises ** Military simulation ** Military sports * Strategy ** Attrition warfare, Attrition ** Military deception, Deception ** Strategic defence, Defensive ** Offensive (military), Offensive ** Counter-offensive ** Maneuver warfare, Maneuver ** Strategic goal (military), Goal ** Naval strategy, Naval * Military tactics, Tactics ** Air combat manoeuvring, Aerial ** Battle ** Cavalry tactics, Cavalry ** Charge (warfare), Charge ** Counter-attack ** Counter-insurgency ** Counter-intelligence ** Counter-terrorism ** Defensive fighting position, Foxhole ** Endemic warfare ** Guerrilla warfare ** Infiltration tactics, Infiltration ** Irregular warfare ** Morale ** Naval tactics ** Siege ** Surgical strike ** Tactical objective ** Trench warfare * Weapon, Military weapons ** Armoured warfare, Armor ** Artillery ** Biological warfare, Biological ** Cavalry ** Conventional warfare, Conventional ** Chemical warfare, Chemical ** Cyberweapon, Cyber ** Economic warfare, Economic ** Electronic warfare, Electronic ** Infantry ** Nuclear warfare, Nuclear ** Psychological warfare, Psychological ** Unconventional warfare, Unconventional * Other Military ** Arms control ** Arms race ** Assassination ** Asymmetric warfare ** Civil defense ** Clandestine operation ** Collateral damage ** Cold war (general term) ** Combat ** Covert operation ** Cyberwarfare ** Defense industry ** Disarmament ** Intelligence agency ** Laws of war ** Mercenary ** Military campaign ** Military operation ** Mock combat ** Network-centric warfare ** Paramilitary ** Principles of war ** Private defense agency ** Private military company ** Proxy war ** Religious war ** Security ** Special forces ** Special operations ** Theater (warfare) ** Theft ** Undercover operation, Undercover ** War crimes ** Warrior

Public administration

* Civil service * Corrections * Conservation biology * Criminal justice (Outline of criminal justice, outline) * Disaster research * Disaster response * Emergency management * Emergency services * Fire safety (Structural fire protection) * Fire ecology (Wildland fire management) * Government, Governmental affairs * international relations, International affairs * Law enforcement * Peace and conflict studies * Police science * Policy studies ** Policy analysis * Public administration ** Nonprofit, Nonprofit administration ** Non-governmental organization, Non-governmental organization (NGO) administration ** Public policy doctrine ** Public policy school ** Regulation * Public safety * Public service

Public policy

* Agricultural policy * Commercial policy * Cultural policy * Domestic policy * Drug policy ** Drug policy reform * Economic policy ** Fiscal policy ** Incomes policy ** Industrial policy ** Investment policy ** Monetary policy ** Tax policy * Education policy * Energy policy ** Nuclear energy policy ** Renewable energy policy * Environmental policy * Food policy * Foreign policy * Health policy ** Pharmaceutical policy ** Vaccination policy * Housing policy * Immigration policy * Knowledge policy * Language policy * Military policy * Science policy ** Climate change policy ** Stem cell research policy ** Space policy ** Technology policy * Security policy * Social policy * List of public policy topics by country, Public policy by country

Social work

* Child welfare * Community practice ** Community organizing ** Social policy * Human Services * Corrections * Gerontology * Medical social work * Mental health * School social worker, School social work

Transportation

* Highway safety * Infographics * Intermodal passenger transport, Intermodal transportation studies * Logistics * Marine transportation ** Port management ** Seafaring * Operations research * Mass transit * Travel * Vehicles

Notes

References

* * * US Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences.
''Classification of Instructional Programs'' (CIP)
National Center for Education Statistics.

External links

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP 2000)
Developed by the U.S. Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics to provide a taxonomic scheme that will support the accurate tracking, assessment, and reporting of fields of study and program completions activity.

(Joint Academic Classification of Subjects) from Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) in the United Kingdom * Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification]
(ANZSRC 2008)web-page
Chapter 3 and Appendix 1: Fields of research classification.
Fields of Knowledge
a zoomable map allowing the academic disciplines and sub-disciplines in this article be visualised.
''Interactive Historical Atlas of the Disciplines'', University of Geneva
{{DEFAULTSORT:Academic Disciplines Academic disciplines, Education-related lists Science-related lists Higher education-related lists