List of Germany-related topics
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The following
outline Outline or outlining may refer to: * Outline (list), a document summary, in hierarchical list format * Code folding, a method of hiding or collapsing code or text to see content in outline form * Outline drawing, a sketch depicting the outer edge ...
is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Germany: Germany – federal parliamentary republic in Western-
Central Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...
Europe consisting of 16 constituent states (german: Bundesland), which retain limited sovereignty. Its capital and largest city is Berlin. With more than 80 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state in the European Union (EU). Germany is a major economic and political power of the European continent and a historic leader in many cultural, theoretical, and technical fields. After losing World War I, Germany fell under the control of Adolf Hitler, who started World War II. After losing World War II, Germany was divided into East Germany and West Germany, each on opposite sides in the
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
. In October 1990, after the Cold War ended, the country was reunified under Christian Democratic Union (CDU) chancellor Helmut Kohl. Germany has since grown to become the world's fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP, a financial status which the country has consistently maintained throughout the early 2020s.


General reference

* Pronunciation: ; German: ''Deutschland'' (officially the Federal Republic of Germany; german: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, links=no ) * Common English country name: Germany * Official English country name: The Federal Republic of Germany * Common
endonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...
(s): Deutschland * Official endonym(s):
Bundesrepublik Deutschland Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated between ...
* Adjectival(s):
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...
*
Demonym A demonym (; ) or gentilic () is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (hamlet, village, town, city, region, province, ...
(s): Germans * Etymology:
Name of Germany Because of Germany's long history before 1871 as a non-united region of distinct tribes and states, there are many widely varying names of Germany in different languages, more so than for any other European nation. For example, in the German ...
*
International rankings of Germany These are the international rankings of Germany. :''Sources are listed in the respective articles.'' International rankings References {{Germany topics * Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a co ...
* ISO country codes: DE, DEU, 276 * ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:DE * Internet country code top-level domain:
.de .de is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Federal Republic of Germany. DENIC (the Network Information Centre responsible for .de domains) does not require specific second-level domains, and there are no official ccSLDs under .d ...


Geography of Germany

Geography of Germany is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and
Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. * Germany is a: ** Country ***
Developed country A developed country (or industrialized country, high-income country, more economically developed country (MEDC), advanced country) is a sovereign state that has a high quality of life, developed economy and advanced technological infrastruct ...
** Sovereign state *** Member State of the European Union * Location: **
Northern Hemisphere The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's Nort ...
and
Eastern Hemisphere The Eastern Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth which is east of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and west of the antimeridian (which crosses the Pacific Ocean and relatively little land from pole to pol ...
*** Eurasia **** Europe ***** Central Europe ***** Western Europe **
Time in Germany The time zone in Germany is Central European Time (, ''MEZ''; UTC+01:00) and Central European Summer Time (, ''MESZ''; UTC+02:00). Daylight saving time is observed from the last Sunday in March (02:00 CET) to the last Sunday in October (03:00 ...
*** Time zones: **** Central European Time ( UTC+01), Central European Summer Time (
UTC+02 UTC+02:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +02:00. In ISO 8601, the associated time would be written as 2020-11-08T23:41:45+02:00. This time is used in: As standard time (year-round) ''Principal cities: Cairo, Pretoria, Cape ...
) **
Extreme points of Germany Germany (German: ''Deutschland'') is a country in Central Europe, that stretches from the Alps, across the North European Plain to the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. It is the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, and is sevent ...
(major towns): *** North: Westerland (on the island of Sylt at the Danish border) *** South: Oberstdorf, town at Austria *** East: Goerlitz, town at Poland *** West:
Aachen Aachen ( ; ; Aachen dialect: ''Oche'' ; French and traditional English: Aix-la-Chapelle; or ''Aquisgranum''; nl, Aken ; Polish: Akwizgran) is, with around 249,000 inhabitants, the 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, and the 28th- ...
, town at Belgium & the Netherlands *** High: Zugspitze *** Low:
Neuendorf bei Wilster Neuendorf-Sachsenbande is a municipality in Wilstermarsch, in the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The town is notable for containing the lowest accessible point in Germany, which is 3.54 m (11.61 ft) below sea le ...
:* Coastline: * Population of Germany: 82,217,800 people (2007
estimate Estimation (or estimating) is the process of finding an estimate or approximation, which is a value that is usable for some purpose even if input data may be incomplete, uncertain, or unstable. The value is nonetheless usable because it is der ...
) – 14th most populous country *
Area of Germany Germany (German: ''Deutschland'') is a country in Central Europe, that stretches from the Alps, across the North European Plain to the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. It is the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, and is seven ...
: – 63rd largest country * Atlas of Germany * List of cities and towns in Germany ** Metropolitan regions in Germany ** Regiopolis


Neighbours of Germany

Land boundaries: : : : : : : : : :


Environment of Germany

*
Climate of Germany Germany (German: ''Deutschland'') is a country in Central Europe, that stretches from the Alps, across the North European Plain to the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. It is the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, and is sevent ...
*
Green building in Germany German developments that employ green building techniques include: *The Solarsiedlung (Solar Settlement) in Freiburg, Germany, which features PlusEnergy houses. *The Sonnenschiff (Sun Ship) in Freiburg, Germany, which is also built according to Ge ...
*
Renewable energy in Germany Renewable energy in Germany is mainly based on wind and biomass, plus solar and hydro. Germany had the world's largest photovoltaic installed capacity until 2014, and as of 2021 it has over 58 GW. It is also the world's third country by instal ...
*
Geology of Germany The geology of Germany is heavily influenced by several phases of orogeny in the Paleozoic and the Cenozoic, by sedimentation in shelf seas and epicontinental seas and on plains in the Permian and Mesozoic as well as by the Quaternary glaciations. ...
* National parks of Germany *
Protected areas of Germany A ''Naturschutzgebiet'' (abbreviated NSG) is a category of protected area (nature reserve) within Germany's Federal Nature Conservation Act (the ''Bundesnaturschutzgesetz'' or ''BNatSchG''). Although often translated as 'Nature Reserve' in Engli ...
*
Wildlife of Germany Germany (German: ''Deutschland'') is a country in Central Europe, that stretches from the Alps, across the North European Plain to the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. It is the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, and is sevent ...
** Fauna of Germany *** Fish of Germany *** Birds of Germany *** Mammals of Germany *** Zoos in Germany


Geographic features of Germany

* Glaciers of Germany * Islands of Germany *
Lakes of Germany The largest lake on German territory is Lake Constance, while Lake Müritz is the largest lake located entirely within German territory. List (incomplete) * Aartalsee * Binnenalster (Inner Alster Lake) * Brahmsee * Breitlingsee * Brombachs ...
* Mountains of Germany ** Volcanoes in Germany * Rivers of Germany **
Waterfalls of Germany This list of notable waterfalls of the world is sorted by continent, then country, then province, state or territory. A waterfall is included if it has an existing article specifically for it on Wikipedia, and it is at least high, or the fa ...
*
Valleys of Germany A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains, which will typically contain a river or stream running from one end to the other. Most valleys are formed by erosion of the land surface by rivers or streams ov ...
* World Heritage Sites in Germany


Administrative divisions of Germany


States of Germany

Germany is composed of 16 constituent states, called ''Bundesländer'' (plural form; ''Bundesland'' singularly; see map on the right).


= Further subdivisions

= * Some German states are subdivided into administrative regions, called '' Regierungsbezirke''. * Germany as a whole is further composed of approx. 400
districts A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
, separated into: ** "Rural" districts (''
Landkreise In all German states, except for the three city states, the primary administrative subdivision higher than a '' Gemeinde'' (municipality) is the (official term in all but two states) or (official term in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia ...
'' or ''Kreise'') and ** "Urban" districts (''
Kreisfreie Städte In all German states, except for the three city states, the primary administrative subdivision higher than a ''Gemeinde'' (municipality) is the (official term in all but two states) or (official term in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia a ...
'' or ''Stadtkreise'') *
Cities of Germany This is a complete list of the 2,055 cities and towns in Germany (as of 1 March 2022). There is no distinction between ''town'' and ''city'' in Germany; a ''Stadt'' is an independent municipality (see Municipalities of Germany) that has been giv ...
* Municipalities of Germany


Demography of Germany

Demographics of Germany With over 82 million inhabitants, it comprises the largest population among the member states of the European Union and is home to the third-highest number of international migrants. See more at '' Immigration to Germany''.


Government and politics of Germany

*
Form of government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...
:
federal Federal or foederal (archaic) may refer to: Politics General *Federal monarchy, a federation of monarchies *Federation, or ''Federal state'' (federal system), a type of government characterized by both a central (federal) government and states or ...
parliamentary
representative democratic Representative democracy, also known as indirect democracy, is a type of democracy where elected people represent a group of people, in contrast to direct democracy. Nearly all modern Western-style democracies function as some type of represe ...
republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...
*
Capital Capital may refer to: Common uses * Capital city, a municipality of primary status ** List of national capital cities * Capital letter, an upper-case letter Economics and social sciences * Capital (economics), the durable produced goods used f ...
of Germany: Berlin * Former Capital of West Germany and later
seat of government The seat of government is (as defined by ''Brewer's Politics'') "the building, complex of buildings or the city from which a government exercises its authority". In most countries, the nation’s capital is also seat of its government, thus that ...
of the reunified Federal Republic: Bonn *
Federal budget of Germany The establishment of the annual budget of the Federal Republic of Germany is known as the German budget process. Purpose The primary purpose of the budget is to create an overview of the country's revenues and expenses for the following fiscal ...
* Elections in Germany **
Electoral reform in Germany The German federal election system regulates the election of the members of the national parliament, called the Bundestag. According to the principles governing the elections laws, set down in Art. 38 of the German Basic Law, elections are to be un ...
** Electoral system of Germany *
Far-right politics in Germany Far-right politics, also referred to as the extreme right or right-wing extremism, are political beliefs and actions further to the right of the left–right political spectrum than the standard political right, particularly in terms of being ...
*
Federalism in Germany Federalism in Germany is made of the states of Germany and the federal government. The central government, the states, and the German municipalities have different tasks and partially competing regions of responsibilities ruled by a complex sys ...
*
Political parties in Germany This article lists political parties in Germany. The Federal Republic of Germany has a plural multi party system. The largest by members and parliament seats are the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), with its sister party, the Christian Social ...
* Political scandals of Germany *
Security issues in Germany Security issues in Germany covers the major threats to Germany's national and international security. External threats According to former German Defense Minister Peter Struck, Germany does not face a conventional threat to its territory. In his ...
* Taxation in Germany **
Feed-in tariffs in Germany Feed-in electricity tariffs (FiT) were introduced in Germany to encourage the use of new energy technologies such as wind power, biomass, hydropower, geothermal power and solar photovoltaics. Feed-in tariffs are a policy mechanism designed to ac ...


Branches of the government of Germany

Government of Germany


Executive branch of the government of Germany

* Head of state: President of Germany * Head of government:
Chancellor of Germany The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany,; often shortened to ''Bundeskanzler''/''Bundeskanzlerin'', / is the head of the federal government of Germany and the commander in chief of the Ge ...
*
Cabinet of Germany The Federal Cabinet or Federal Government (german: link=no, Bundeskabinett or ') is the chief Executive (government), executive body of the Germany, Federal Republic of Germany. It consists of the Chancellor of Germany, Federal Chancellor and m ...


Legislative branch of the government of Germany

* Parliament of Germany (
bicameral Bicameralism is a type of legislature, one divided into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses, known as a bicameral legislature. Bicameralism is distinguished from unicameralism, in which all members deliberate and vote as a single grou ...
) ** Upper house:
Bundesrat of Germany The German Bundesrat ( lit. Federal Council; ) is a legislative body that represents the sixteen ''Länder'' (federated states) of Germany at the federal level (German: ''Bundesebene''). The Bundesrat meets at the former Prussian House of Lords ...
**
Lower house A lower house is one of two Debate chamber, chambers of a Bicameralism, bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house. Despite its official position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has co ...
: Bundestag


Judicial branch of the government of Germany

Judiciary of Germany * Federal Constitutional Court * Joint Senate of the Supreme Courts of the Federation * Federal Administrative Court * Federal Court of Justice * Federal Fiscal Court * Federal Labour Court * Federal Social Court * Federal Patent Court


Foreign relations of Germany

Foreign relations of Germany The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) is a Central European country and member of the European Union, G4, G7, the G20, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). It maintains ...
* List of diplomatic missions in Germany * List of diplomatic missions of Germany ** Embassy of Germany, Abuja ** Embassy of Germany, Bangkok **
Embassy of Germany, Brasília "Botschafter" Georg Witschel (2015) The Embassy of Germany in Brasília is Germany's embassy to Brazil. It is located on ''Avenida das Nações, Lote 25'', Quadra 807. The embassy building was designed by German architect Hans Scharoun. The cu ...
**
Embassy of Germany, Budapest The Embassy of Germany in Budapest is Germany's diplomatic mission to Hungary. It is located at Úri utca 64–66, in the I. ''Várkerület'' district. The building has been listed as UNESCO World Heritage and became the site of the German em ...
**
Embassy of Germany, Canberra The Embassy of Germany in Canberra is Germany’s diplomatic mission to Australia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Nauru. The current German ambassador, Dr. Thomas Fitschen, has been in office since August 2019. He and his team tak ...
** Embassy of Germany, Chișinău ** Embassy of Germany, Kyiv ** Embassy of Germany, London **
Embassy of Germany, Moscow The Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany in Moscow is the chief diplomatic mission of Germany in the Russian Federation. It is located at 56 Mosfilmovskaya Street (russian: Мосфильмовская ул., 56) in the Ramenki District of ...
**
Embassy of Germany, Ottawa The Embassy of Germany in Ottawa (german: Deutsche Botschaft Ottawa) is located on Waverley Street, off Queen Elizabeth Driveway, in the Golden Triangle neighbourhood of the Canadian capital of Ottawa. The official residence of the Ambassador is ...
** Embassy of Germany, Prague **
Embassy of Germany, Saint Petersburg The former Embassy of Germany in Saint Petersburg is considered the earliest and most influential example of Stripped Classicism. Designed by Peter Behrens, it was built to house the diplomatic mission of the German Empire in Saint Petersburg, ...
**
Embassy of Germany, Tel Aviv The Embassy of Germany in Tel Aviv is Germany's diplomatic mission to Israel. Location and functions Since April 2022, the embassy is located at 2 Hashlosha Street, Tel Aviv. The embassy is also home to a consulate, various departments and a mi ...
** Embassy of Germany, Washington, D.C. ** Embassy of Germany, Wellington **
Embassy of Germany, Windhoek The German Embassy in Windhoek is Germany's diplomatic mission to Namibia. It is located at Sanlam Centre, 145 Independence Avenue in Windhoek. The current German ambassador is Herbert Beck. See also * Foreign relations of Germany * Germany ...


International organization membership

The Federal Republic of Germany is a member of: *
African Development Bank Group The African Development Bank Group (AfDB) or (BAD) is a multilateral development finance institution headquartered in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, since September 2014. The AfDB is a financial provider to African governments and private companies in ...
(AfDB) (nonregional member) *
Arctic Council The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic. At present, eight countries exercise sovereignty over the lands within the Arctic Circle, ...
(observer) * Asian Development Bank (ADB) (nonregional member) * Australia Group * Bank for International Settlements (BIS) *
Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone The Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) is a regional international organization focusing on multilateral political and economic initiatives aimed at fostering cooperation, peace, stability and prosperity in the Black Sea ...
(BSEC) (observer) * Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) * Central American Integration System (SICA) (observer) *
Confederation of European Paper Industries The Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI) is the pan-European association representing the forest fibre and paper industry. Through its 18 national associations, CEPI gathers 495 companies operating more than 900 pulp and paper mills a ...
(CEPI) *
Council of Europe The Council of Europe (CoE; french: Conseil de l'Europe, ) is an international organisation founded in the wake of World War II to uphold European Convention on Human Rights, human rights, democracy and the Law in Europe, rule of law in Europe. ...
(CE) * Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) * Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) * Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) *
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is an international financial institution founded in 1991. As a multilateral developmental investment bank, the EBRD uses investment as a tool to build market economies. Initially focus ...
(EBRD) *
European Investment Bank The European Investment Bank (EIB) is the European Union's investment bank and is owned by the EU Member States. It is one of the largest supranational lenders in the world. The EIB finances and invests both through equity and debt solutions ...
(EIB) * European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) *
European Space Agency , owners = , headquarters = Paris, Île-de-France, France , coordinates = , spaceport = Guiana Space Centre , seal = File:ESA emblem seal.png , seal_size = 130px , image = Views in the Main Control Room (1205 ...
(ESA) * European Union (EU) * Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) * Group of Six (G6) * Group of Seven (G7) * Group of Eight (G8) * Group of Ten (G10) *
Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors The G20 or Group of Twenty is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 countries and the European Union (EU). It works to address major issues related to the global economy, such as international financial stability, climate change mitigation ...
(G20) *
Inter-American Development Bank The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB or IADB) is an international financial institution headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States of America, and serving as the largest source of development financing for Latin America and the Caribb ...
(IADB) *
International Atomic Energy Agency The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an intergovernmental organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. It was established in 1957 ...
(IAEA) *
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is an international financial institution, established in 1944 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, that is the lending arm of World Bank Group. The IBRD offers l ...
(IBRD) * International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) * International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) * International Criminal Court (ICCt) *
International Criminal Police Organization The International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO; french: link=no, Organisation internationale de police criminelle), commonly known as Interpol ( , ), is an international organization that facilitates worldwide police cooperation and cri ...
(Interpol) *
International Development Association The International Development Association (IDA) (french: link=no, Association internationale de développement) is an international financial institution which offers concessional loans and grants to the world's poorest developing countries. Th ...
(IDA) *
International Energy Agency The International Energy Agency (IEA) is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organisation, established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the entire global energy sector, with a recent focus on curbing carb ...
(IEA) *
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is a worldwide humanitarian aid organization that reaches 160 million people each year through its 192-member National Societies. It acts before, during and after disas ...
(IFRCS) * International Finance Corporation (IFC) *
International Fund for Agricultural Development The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD; french: link=no, Fonds international de développement agricole (FIDA)) is an international financial institution and a specialised agency of the United Nations that works to address ...
(IFAD) * International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) * International Labour Organization (ILO) *
International Maritime Organization The International Maritime Organization (IMO, French: ''Organisation maritime internationale'') is a specialised agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating shipping. The IMO was established following agreement at a UN conference ...
(IMO) * International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO) * International Monetary Fund (IMF) * International Olympic Committee (IOC) * International Organization for Migration (IOM) * International Organization for Standardization (ISO) *
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide. It was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, an ...
(ICRM) * International Telecommunication Union (ITU) * International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) * International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) *
Inter-Parliamentary Union The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU; french: Union Interparlementaire, UIP) is an inter-parliamentary institution, international organization of national parliaments. Its primary purpose is to promote democratic governance, accountability, and coop ...
(IPU) * Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) *
Nonaligned Movement The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 120 countries that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. After the United Nations, it is the largest grouping of states worldwide. The movement originated in the aftermath ...
(NAM) (guest) * North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) * Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) * Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) *
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; french: Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, ''OCDE'') is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental organisation with 38 member countries ...
(OECD) *
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest regional security-oriented intergovernmental organization with observer status at the United Nations. Its mandate includes issues such as arms control, prom ...
(OSCE) * Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) *
Organization of American States The Organization of American States (OAS; es, Organización de los Estados Americanos, pt, Organização dos Estados Americanos, french: Organisation des États américains; ''OEA'') is an international organization that was founded on 30 April ...
(OAS) (observer) *
Paris Club The Paris Club (french: Club de Paris) is a group of officials from major creditor countries whose role is to find co-ordinated and sustainable solutions to the payment difficulties experienced by debtor countries. As debtor countries undertake ...
* Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) * Schengen Convention *
Southeast European Cooperative Initiative The Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI) is a multilateral regional initiative that has been initiated by the European Union, the United States of America and the countries of Southeast Europe within the framework of the Organization ...
(SECI) (observer) *United Nations (UN) *United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) *United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) *United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) *United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) *United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) *United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) *United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) *United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) *United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) *Universal Postal Union (UPU) *West African Development Bank (WADB) (nonregional) *Western European Union (WEU) *World Customs Organization (WCO) *World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) *World Health Organization (WHO) *World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) *World Meteorological Organization (WMO) *World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) *World Trade Organization (WTO) *World Veterans Federation *Zangger Committee (ZC)


Law and order in Germany

Law of Germany * Laws in Germany ** Referendums in Germany ** Alcohol laws in Germany ** Capital punishment in Germany ** Censorship in Germany *** Censorship in the Federal Republic of Germany ** Civil procedure code of Germany ** Conscription in Germany ** Constitution of Germany *** Constitutional review in Germany ** Copyright law of Germany ** Driving licence in Germany * Crime in Germany ** Human trafficking in Germany ** Rape in Germany * Human rights in Germany ** LGBT rights in Germany *** Same-sex marriage in Germany ** Freedom of religion in Germany * Law enforcement in Germany ** National law enforcement agencies *** Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany) *** Federal Police (Germany) *** German Federal Coast Guard *** GSG 9 ** Regional law enforcement agencies *** Landespolizei – are operated by individual German states and are responsible for the bulk of police work in Germany **** Baden-Württemberg Police **** Bavarian State Police **** Hesse State Police **** North Rhine-Westphalia Police **** Rheinland-Pfalz State Police **** Saarland Police *** Landespolizei forces are divided into the following operational sections: ***** ''Schutzpolizei'' – ('Schupo') The uniformed police officers who patrol the streets, respond to emergency calls, do traffic policing etc. *****''Kriminalpolizei'' – ('Kripo') The plain clothes detective branch of the State police, responsible for investigations. For instance, if a car is broken into, the Schupo will respond, secure the car, notify the owner etc., and then hand the case over to Kripo for investigation. *****''Hundertschaft, Einsatzhundertschaften'' (EHU) / ''Bereitschaftspolizei'' (BePo) – Uniformed part of the LaPo that is used when manpower is required, for example during political demonstrations. *****''Landeskriminalamt'' (LKA) – The State Investigation Bureau is directly subordinate to the state ministry of the interior, supervises police operations aimed at preventing and investigating criminal offences, and coordinates investigations involving more than one ''Präsidium''. *****''Wasserschutzpolizei'' (WSP) – The river police for patrolling rivers, lakes and harbours. *****''Spezialeinsatzkommando'' (SEK) – The SWAT teams of the German state police. *****''Autobahnpolizei'' – The highway patrol or motorway police in Germany.


Military of Germany

Military of Germany * Command ** Commander-in-chief: *** Federal Ministry of Defence (Germany), Ministry of Defence of Germany * Bundeswehr ** Army of Germany: German Army, Heer ** Navy of Germany: German Navy, Marine ** Air force of Germany: Luftwaffe ** Special forces of Germany: Kommando Spezialkräfte * Military history of Germany * Military ranks of Germany


Local government in Germany

Local government in Germany


History of Germany


History of Germany, by period

* 18th-century history of Germany


Years in Germany

Years in Germany : 1871 in Germany, 1871- 1872 in Germany, 1872- 1873 in Germany, 1873- 1874 in Germany, 1874- 1875 in Germany, 1875- 1876 in Germany, 1876- 1877 in Germany, 1877- 1878 in Germany, 1878- 1879 in Germany, 1879- 1880 in Germany, 1880- 1881 in Germany, 1881- 1882 in Germany, 1882- 1883 in Germany, 1883- 1884 in Germany, 1884- 1885 in Germany, 1885- 1886 in Germany, 1886- 1887 in Germany, 1887- 1888 in Germany, 1888- 1889 in Germany, 1889- 1890 in Germany, 1890- 1891 in Germany, 1891- 1892 in Germany, 1892- 1893 in Germany, 1893- 1894 in Germany, 1894- 1895 in Germany, 1895- 1896 in Germany, 1896- 1897 in Germany, 1897- 1898 in Germany, 1898- 1899 in Germany, 1899- 1900 in Germany, 1900- 1901 in Germany, 1901- 1902 in Germany, 1902- 1903 in Germany, 1903- 1904 in Germany, 1904- 1905 in Germany, 1905- 1906 in Germany, 1906- 1907 in Germany, 1907- 1908 in Germany, 1908- 1909 in Germany, 1909- 1911 in Germany, 1911- 1912 in Germany, 1912- 1913 in Germany, 1913- 1914 in Germany, 1914- 1915 in Germany, 1915- 1916 in Germany, 1916- 1917 in Germany, 1917- 1918 in Germany, 1918- 1919 in Germany, 1919- 1920 in Germany, 1920- 1921 in Germany, 1921- 1922 in Germany, 1922- 1923 in Germany, 1923- 1924 in Germany, 1924- 1925 in Germany, 1925- 1926 in Germany, 1926- 1927 in Germany, 1927- 1928 in Germany, 1928- 1929 in Germany, 1929- 1930 in Germany, 1930- 1931 in Germany, 1931- 1932 in Germany, 1932- 1933 in Germany, 1933- 1934 in Germany, 1934- 1935 in Germany, 1935- 1936 in Germany, 1936- 1937 in Germany, 1937- 1938 in Germany, 1938- 1939 in Germany, 1939- 1940 in Germany, 1940- 1941 in Germany, 1941- 1942 in Germany, 1942- 1943 in Germany, 1943- 1944 in Germany, 1944- 1945 in Germany, 1945- 1946 in Germany, 1946- 1947 in Germany, 1947- 1948 in Germany, 1948- 1949 in Germany, 1949- 1950 in Germany, 1950- 1951 in Germany, 1951- 1952 in Germany, 1952- 1953 in Germany, 1953- 1954 in Germany, 1954- 1955 in Germany, 1955- 1956 in Germany, 1956- 1957 in Germany, 1957- 1958 in Germany, 1958- 1959 in Germany, 1959- 1960 in Germany, 1960- 1961 in Germany, 1961- 1962 in Germany, 1962- 1963 in Germany, 1963- 1964 in Germany, 1964- 1965 in Germany, 1965- 1966 in Germany, 1966- 1967 in Germany, 1967- 1968 in Germany, 1968- 1969 in Germany, 1969- 1970 in Germany, 1970- 1971 in Germany, 1971- 1972 in Germany, 1972- 1973 in Germany, 1973- 1974 in Germany, 1974- 1975 in Germany, 1975- 1976 in Germany, 1976- 1977 in Germany, 1977- 1978 in Germany, 1978- 1979 in Germany, 1979- 1980 in Germany, 1980- 1981 in Germany, 1981- 1982 in Germany, 1982- 1983 in Germany, 1983- 1984 in Germany, 1984- 1985 in Germany, 1985- 1986 in Germany, 1986- 1987 in Germany, 1987- 1988 in Germany, 1988- 1989 in Germany, 1989- 1990 in Germany, 1990- 1991 in Germany, 1991- 1992 in Germany, 1992- 1993 in Germany, 1993- 1994 in Germany, 1994- 1995 in Germany, 1995- 1996 in Germany, 1996- 1997 in Germany, 1997- 1998 in Germany, 1998- 1999 in Germany, 1999- 2000 in Germany, 2000- 2001 in Germany, 2001- 2002 in Germany, 2002- 2003 in Germany, 2003- 2004 in Germany, 2004- 2005 in Germany, 2005- 2006 in Germany, 2006- 2007 in Germany, 2007- 2008 in Germany, 2008- 2009 in Germany, 2009- 2010 in Germany, 2010- 2011 in Germany, 2011- 2012 in Germany, 2012- 2013 in Germany, 2013- 2014 in Germany, 2014- 2015 in Germany, 2015- 2016 in Germany, 2016- 2017 in Germany, 2017- 2018 in Germany, 2018- 2019 in Germany, 2019


History of Germany, by region


History of Germany, by subject

* List of historic states of Germany * List of historical political parties in Germany * Military history of Germany


Culture of Germany

Culture of Germany * Architecture of Germany ** Altstadt ** List of World Heritage Sites in Germany, World Heritage Sites in Germany * Cuisine of Germany ** Beer in Germany * Cultural icons of Germany * Festivals in Germany * German humour ** East German jokes * Languages of Germany * Media in Germany ** List of newspapers in Germany, Newspapers in Germany ** Radio in Germany ** Television in Germany ** Video gaming in Germany * List of museums in Germany, Museums in Germany * National symbols of Germany ** Coat of arms of Germany ** Flag of Germany ** National anthem of Germany * German philosophy, Philosophy in Germany * Prostitution in Germany * Public holidays in Germany * List of records of Germany, Records of Germany * Scouting and Guiding in Germany * List of World Heritage Sites in Europe#Germany, World Heritage Sites in Germany


Art in Germany

* Art in Germany * Cinema of Germany * Cuisine of Germany * German fashion, Fashion of Germany * Literature of Germany * Made in Germany


Music of Germany

Music of Germany * List of best-selling albums in Germany * List of best-selling singles in Germany * List of German composers * Jazz in Germany


People of Germany

* Afghans in Germany * Ahmadiyya in Germany * Albanians in Germany * Americans in Germany * Arabs in Germany * Armenians in Germany * Asians in Germany * Assyrians/Syriacs in Germany * Azerbaijanis in Germany * Brazilians in Germany * Bulgarians in Germany * Chinese people in Germany * Croatians in Germany * Filipinos in Germany * Georgians in Germany * Greeks in Germany * Hungarians in Germany * Indians in Germany * Iranians in Germany * Iraqis in Germany * Islamic Community of Germany * Italians in Germany * Kurds in Germany * Lebanese people in Germany * List of Lebanese people in Germany * Macedonians in Germany * Russians in Germany * Serbs in Germany * Tjaskers in Germany * Turks in Germany * Ukrainians in Germany * Vietnamese people in Germany * Yazidis in Germany


Religion and belief systems in Germany

* Irreligion in Germany * Religion in Germany ** Freedom of religion in Germany ** Religions in Germany *** Buddhism in Germany *** Christianity in Germany **** Catholicism in Germany **** Protestantism in Germany ***** Evangelical Church in Germany *** Hinduism in Germany *** Islam in Germany *** Judaism in Germany **** History of the Jews in Germany *** Sikhism in Germany *** Scientology in Germany


Sports in Germany

Sports in Germany * American Football Association of Germany * Athletics in Germany * Auto racing in Germany ** Speedway Grand Prix of Germany *** 1995 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany *** 1996 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany *** 1997 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany *** 1998 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany *** 2001 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany *** 2007 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany *** 2008 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany * Basketball in Germany ** National basketball games of Germany * Bodybuilding in Germany * Cricket in Germany * Football in Germany ** Australian rules football in Germany ** Football records in Germany ** Footballer of the Year (Germany) ** Foreign football players in Germany ** List of American football teams in Germany ** List of Germany Davis Cup team representatives ** List of Germany international footballers ** List of Germany international footballers 1908–1942 ** List of football clubs in Germany ** List of football clubs in Germany by major honours won ** List of football stadiums in Germany ** Women's football in Germany * Germany at the Olympics * German records in athletics * Ice hockey in Germany * Roller derby in Germany * Rugby in Germany ** Rugby league in Germany ** Rugby union in Germany *** List of Germany national rugby union players *** List of Germany national rugby union team results *** List of rugby union clubs in Germany * Sports broadcasting contracts in Germany


Economy and infrastructure of Germany

Economy of Germany Germany was the List of countries by exports, third largest exporter of goods in 2017. In absolute terms, Germany allocates the second biggest annual budget of development aid in the world, while its List of countries by military expenditures#Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Figures, military expenditure ranked sixth. The country has developed a List of countries by Human Development Index, high standard of living and established a comprehensive system of social security. * List of countries by GDP (nominal), Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 4th (fourth) * Agriculture in Germany ** List of mills in Germany * Central banks ** Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt ** European Central Bank, Frankfurt * Communications in Germany ** Internet in Germany ** Television in Germany *** History of television in Germany * List of companies of Germany, Companies of Germany *Currency, Currency of Germany: Euro (see also: Template:Euro topics, Euro topics) **ISO 4217: Euro, EUR * Economic history of Germany * Mining in Germany ** List of mines in Germany * Mittelstand * Stock exchange: Frankfurt Stock Exchange * Tourism in Germany ** List of spa towns in Germany * Transport in Germany ** List of airports in Germany, Airports in Germany ** Road system of Germany *** Road signs in Germany *** Highway system of Germany ** Rail transport in Germany *** Rapid transit in Germany *** High-speed rail in Germany *** History of rail transport in Germany * Water supply and sanitation in Germany * Wirtschaftswunder


Energy in Germany

Windkraftanlage bei Breydin OT Trampe, Brandenburg; Energy in Germany * Electricity sector in Germany * Geothermal power in Germany * List of power stations in Germany * Energy transition in Germany * Nuclear power in Germany * Solar power in Germany * Wind power in Germany ** List of windmills in Germany


Education in Germany

Education in Germany * Academic achievement among different groups in Germany * Academic grading in Germany * Academic ranks in Germany * Science and technology in Germany ** List of German inventors and discoverers * List of universities in Germany, Universities in Germany * List of schools in Germany * Music schools in Germany * State libraries of Germany * Student loans in Germany


Health in Germany

Health in Germany * Health care in Germany ** Emergency medical services in Germany ** Health care system of the elderly in Germany ** Long-term care insurance in Germany ** Nursing in Germany * Obesity in Germany


See also

Germany *Index of Germany-related articles *List of international rankings *Member state of the European Union *Member state of the Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors *Member state of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization *Member state of the United Nations *Outline of Europe *Outline of geography


References


External links

General
Deutschland.de
— Official German portal
Germany Tourism

Information about Germany in English
— IamExpat in Germany
German news and features
''Expatica''
DW-WORLD.DE Deutsche Welle
— Germany's international broadcaster
News Portal of the German Embassy to the USA
*   Facts and figures


Facts about Germany
— by the German Federal Foreign Office

— Federal Statistical Office Germany Travel *
Germany Travel Info
— by the German National Tourist Office Pictures
Database of travelers' photos
sorted by region (''fotocommunity'') {{DEFAULTSORT:Germany Germany, Germany-related lists, Outlines of countries, Germany