Coastal defences of Australia during World War II
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The following is a List of Coastal Batteries in Australia and Territories during World War II. The main threat came early in the war from German raiders and threat of Japanese raids or invasion, and hence all available ordnance was pressed into service, including some obsolete guns and field guns adapted for coast defence.


New South Wales


Newcastle

* Park Battery,
The Hill ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...
– 2 x 6in Mk VII guns * Scratchley Battery,
Newcastle East Newcastle East is an inner city suburb of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, located immediately east of Newcastle's central business district at the mouth of the Hunter River. The Awabakal and Worimi peoples are acknowledged by City of New ...
– 2 x 6in Mk VII guns and 1 x 6pdr 10cwt gun * Wallace Battery, Stockton – 2 x 9.2in Mk X guns


Port Kembla

*
Breakwater Battery Breakwater ''Battery'', was a coastal defence battery at Port Kembla, New South Wales, Australia during World War II. Constructed in 1939 to provide protection for Port Kembla from enemy shipping and submarines. Two 6 inch Mk XI gun emplace ...
,
Port Kembla A port is a maritime law, maritime facility comprising one or more Wharf, wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge Affreightment, cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can a ...
– 2 x 6in Mk XI guns *
Drummond Battery Drummond Battery, also known as Fort Drummond, is a heritage-listed former coastal artillery fortification and now television station and mushroom farm at 1 Television Avenue, Mt Drummond, Mount Saint Thomas, City of Wollongong, New South Wale ...
, Coniston – 2 x 9.2in Mk X guns *
Illowra Battery Illowra Battery is a former Australian Army coastal-artillery battery located at Hill 60, Port Kembla, New South Wales in Australia, built and in service during World War II. It was also otherwise known as ''Hill 60 Battery''. History Two ...
, Port Kembla – 2 x 6in Mk XI guns


Port Stephens

* Tomaree Battery, Shoal Bay – 2 x 6in Mk VII guns


Sydney

* Banks Battery, North of Cape Banks, La Perouse – 2 x 9.2in Mk X guns *Casemate Battery, Middle Head – 2 x 6pdr 10cwt guns * Henry Battery, Henry Head, La Perouse – 2 x 18pdr Mk IV guns *Hornby Battery, South Head – 2 x 6in Mk VII guns *
Malabar Battery Malabar Battery was a coastal defence battery built in 1943 during World War II at Malabar Headland in Sydney, Australia. The battery is also known as Boora Point Battery. The battery was constructed to complement the existing coastal defenc ...
,
Malabar Headland The Malabar Headland is a heritage-listed former public recreation area and military installation site and now nature conservation and public recreation headland area located at Franklin Street, Malabar in the City of Randwick local governmen ...
, Malabar – 2 x 6in Mk XII guns *
Middle Head Fortifications The Middle Head Fortifications is a heritage-listed former defence establishment and military fortifications and now public space located at Middle Head Road, Middle Head, in the Mosman Council local government area of New South Wales, Austr ...
, Middle Head – 2 x 6in Mk VII guns, 1 x QF 12 pounder gun *North Battery, North Head – 2 x 9.2in Mk X guns * Shelly Battery, Shelly Head, Manly – 1 x 12 pdr 12cwt gun *Signal Battery, South Head – 2 x 6in Mk XI guns *West Battery, West Head – 2 x 4.7in guns ''Note'': A 6pdr 10cwt battery was under construction.


Northern Territory

*Dudley Battery, Darwin – 2 x 4in Mk VII guns and 1 x 6pdr 10cwt gun *East Battery, Darwin – 2 x 9.2in Mk X guns, 2 x 6in Mk XI guns *Emery Battery, Darwin – 2 x 6in Mk XI guns *Waugite Battery, Darwin – 2 x 6in Mk XI guns *Elliot Section – 1 x 6pdr 10cwt gun *West Point Section, Darwin – 1 x 6pdr 10cwt gun


Papua New Guinea


Lae

*U Battery – 4 x 155mm guns


Port Moresby

*Paga Battery – 2 x 6in Mk XI guns, 2 6pdr 10cwt guns *Boera Battery – 2 (?) x 155mm guns


Rabaul

* Praed Point Battery – 2 x 6in Mk VII guns


Queensland


Brisbane

* Bribie Battery,
Bribie Island Bribie Island is the smallest and most northerly of three major sand islands forming the coastline sheltering the northern part of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. The others are Moreton Island and North Stradbroke Island. Bribie Island is ...
– 2 x 6in Mk XI guns * Skirmish Battery, Bribie Island – 2 x 155mm guns * Cowan Battery,
Moreton Island Moreton Island (Mulgumpin) is an island on the eastern side of Moreton Bay on the coast of South East Queensland, Australia. The Coral Sea lies on the east coast of the island. Moreton Island lies northeast of the Queensland capital, Brisban ...
– 2 x 6in Mk XI guns *Rous Battery, Moreton Island – 2 x 155mm guns * Lytton Battery, Lytton – 1 x 4.7in gun


Cairns

* False Cape Battery, East Trinity – 2 x 155mm guns


Torres Strait

*Endeavour Battery – 2 x 6in Mk XI guns *Goods Battery – 2 x 6in Mk XI guns *Kings Battery – 2 x 18pdr Mk IV guns *Milman Battery,
Thursday Island Thursday Island, colloquially known as TI, or in the Kawrareg dialect, Waiben or Waibene, is an island of the Torres Strait Islands, an archipelago of at least 274 small islands in the Torres Strait. TI is located approximately north of Cape ...
– 1 x 4.7in gun *Turtle Battery – 2 x 155mm guns


Townsville

*Magazine Battery, South Townsville – 2 x 155mm guns * Kissing Point Battery, North Ward – 2 x 6in Mk VII guns * Magnetic Battery,
Magnetic Island Magnetic Island ( Wulguru: Yunbenun) is an island offshore from the city of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. This mountainous island in Cleveland Bay has effectively become a suburb of Townsville, with 2,335 permanent residents. The islan ...
– 2 x 155 mm guns * Cape Pallarenda Battery, Pallarenda – 2 x 4.7in Mk IV guns


South Australia

*
Fort Largs Fort Largs is a historic defence site in the coastal suburb of Taperoo near Port Adelaide, South Australia, approximately north west of Adelaide's city centre. Fort Largs was built as a coastal battery installment in 1885, responsible for ...
,
Taperoo Taperoo is a suburb in the Australian state of South Australia located on the LeFevre Peninsula in the west of Adelaide about north-west of the Adelaide city centre. Description Taperoo is adjacent to Osborne and Largs North. It is bounded ...
– 2 x 6in Mk VII guns * Hummock Hill Battery,
Whyalla Whyalla was founded as "Hummocks Hill", and was known by that name until 1916. It is the fourth most populous city in the Australian state of South Australia after Adelaide, Mount Gambier and Gawler and along with Port Pirie and Port Augusta ...
– 4 x 3.7in Mk II or III AA guns


Tasmania

* Direction Battery,
Hobart Hobart ( ; Nuennonne/ Palawa kani: ''nipaluna'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. Home to almost half of all Tasmanians, it is the least-populated Australian state capital city, and second-small ...
– 2 x 6in Mk VII guns * Pierson Battery, Hobart – 1 x 6in Mk VII gun


Victoria

*Cribb Battery, Port Phillip – 1 x 6in Mk VII gun *Crow's Nest Battery, Queenscliff – 2 x 4.7in guns and 1 x 14pdr gun *Lonsdale Battery,
Point Lonsdale Point Lonsdale is a coastal township on the Bellarine Peninsula, near Queenscliff, Victoria, Australia. The town is divided between the Borough of Queenscliffe and the City of Greater Geelong. Point Lonsdale is also one of the headlands which, ...
– 2 x 6in Mk VII guns * Nepean Battery,
Point Nepean Point Nepean ( Boonwurrung: ''Boona-djalang'') marks the southern point of The Rip (the entrance to Port Phillip) and the most westerly point of the Mornington Peninsula, in Victoria, Australia. It was named in 1802 after the British polit ...
– 2 x 6in Mk VII guns * Pearce Battery, Point Nepean – 2 x 6in Mk VII guns


Western Australia


Albany

*Princess Battery, Albany – 2 x 6in guns


Fremantle

see - in particular map on page 6 ''Coast Defences of Fremantle'' *Harbour Battery,
Fremantle Fremantle () () is a port city in Western Australia, located at the mouth of the Swan River in the metropolitan area of Perth, the state capital. Fremantle Harbour serves as the port of Perth. The Western Australian vernacular diminutive for ...
– 2 x 6pdr 10cwt, 2 x 18pdr Mk IV guns *
Leighton Battery Leighton Battery at Buckland Hill, Mosman Park, Western Australia, was part of the Coastal defences of Australia during World War II and the Fremantle Fortress, protecting Fremantle Harbour. The battery initially consisted of two 6-inch Mk ...
, Fremantle – 2 x 6in Mk VII guns *Swanbourne Battery, Fremantle – 2 x 6in Mk VII guns ''Note:'' A 9.2in Mk Xv battery was under construction.


Garden Island (Cockburn Sound)

*Beacon Battery, Garden Island – 2 x 4in ex-US naval guns *
Challenger Battery Challenger Battery, also referred to as J Gun Battery, is a heritage-listed battery at Entrance Point, Garden Island, Western Australia. Historically, it has is also been known as Garden Battery, Entrance Battery and, finally, Challenger Batte ...
, Garden Island – 2 x 155mm guns *Collie Battery, Garden Island – 2 x 12pdr 12cwt guns


Geraldton

*Geraldton Battery,
Geraldton Geraldton ( Wajarri: ''Jambinu'', Wilunyu: ''Jambinbirri'') is a coastal city in the Mid West region of the Australian state of Western Australia, north of the state capital, Perth. At June 2018, Geraldton had an urban population of 37,648. ...
– 2 x 4in ex-US naval guns, 2 x 18pdr Mk IV guns


Rockingham

*
Peron Battery The Peron Battery, at Cape Peron, was the southernmost of the Fremantle Fortress coastal defence batteries in Western Australia. Also referred to as K Heavy Battery, it was established in January 1943 and, like the Challenger Battery on near-by ...
,
Cape Peron Cape Peron is a headland at Rockingham, at the southern end of Cockburn Sound in Western Australia. The cape is locally known as Point Peron, and is noted for its protected beaches, limestone cliffs, reefs and panoramic views. Cape Peron includ ...
– 2 x
155mm 155 mm (6.1 in) is a common, NATO-standard, artillery caliber. It is defined in AOP-29 part 1 with reference to STANAG 4425. It is commonly used in field guns, howitzers, and gun-howitzers. Land warfare The caliber originated in France ...
, 2 x 18pdr Mk IV guns


Rottnest Island

*Bickley Battery,
Rottnest Island Rottnest Island ( nys, Wadjemup), often colloquially referred to as "Rotto", is a island off the coast of Western Australia, located west of Fremantle. A sandy, low-lying island formed on a base of aeolianite limestone, Rottnest is an A-cla ...
– 2 x 6in Mk XI guns *Oliver's Battery, Rottnest Island – 2 x 9.2in Mk X guns


See also

*
Military history of Australia The military history of Australia spans the nation's 230-year modern history, from the early Australian frontier wars between Aboriginals and Europeans to the ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan in the early 21st century. Although this h ...
* Structure of the Australian Army during World War II * Anti-aircraft defences of Australia during World War II *
Hobart coastal defences The Hobart coastal defences are a network of now defunct coastal battery, coastal batteries, some of which are inter-linked with tunnels, that were designed and built by British Colonial Office, colonial authorities in the nineteenth century t ...
*
Sydney Harbour defences Sydney Harbour was protected by coastal batteries and other fixed defences from the early 19th century until the 1960s. These defences were constructed to protect the Australian city of Sydney from attack by enemy warships and submarines. Pre- ...


Notes


References

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External links

{{Barracks Batteries Bunkers and Forts in Sydney Military history of Australia during World War II Artillery units and formations of Australia Forts in Australia Coastline of Australia