Taiwan
Taiwan Province is one of the two administrative divisions of the Republic of China
Republic of China (ROC) that are officially referred to as "provinces". The province covers approximately 69% of the actual-controlled territory of the ROC, with around 31% of the total population. Geographically it covers the majority of the island of Taiwan
Taiwan as well as almost all of its surrounding islands, the largest of which are the Penghu
Penghu archipelago, Green Island, Xiaoliuqiu
Xiaoliuqiu Island and Orchid Island. Taiwan
Taiwan Province does not cover territories of the special municipalities of Kaohsiung, New Taipei, Taichung, Tainan, Taipei, and Taoyuan, all of which are located geographically within the main island of Taiwan
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The Human Development Index
Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic (composite index) of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the GDP per capita
_Per_Capita_in_2015.svg/800px-Countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_Per_Capita_in_2015.svg.png)
GDP per capita is higher. The HDI was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq
Mahbub ul Haq for the UNDP.[1][2] The 2010 Human Development Report
.svg/900px-2016_UN_Human_Development_Report_(Quartiles).svg.png)
Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index
Human Development Index (IHDI)
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The spelling of Gwoyeu Romatzyh
Gwoyeu Romatzyh (GR) can be divided into its treatment of initials, finals and tones. GR uses contrasting unvoiced/voiced pairs of consonants to represent aspirated and unaspirated initials in Chinese: for example b and p represent IPA
IPA [p] and [pʰ]. The letters j, ch and sh represent two different series of initials: the alveolo-palatal and the retroflex sounds. Although these spellings create no ambiguity in practice, readers more familiar with Pinyin should pay particular attention to them: GR ju, for example, corresponds to Pinyin
Pinyin zhu, not ju (which is spelled jiu in GR). Many of the finals in GR are similar to those used in other romanizations. Distinctive features of GR include the use of iu for the close front rounded vowel spelled ü or simply u in Pinyin
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New Taiwan
Taiwan dollar (Chinese: 新臺幣; pinyin: xīn tái bì; sign: NT$; code: TWD) is the official currency of Taiwan. It is subdivided into 100 cents (Chinese: 分; pinyin: fēn), although cents are rarely used in practice. The New Taiwan
Taiwan dollars has been the currency of Taiwan
Taiwan since 1949, when it replaced the Old Taiwan
Taiwan dollar, at a rate of 40,000 old dollars per NT$.[1] In Mandarin, the unit of the dollar is referred to as "元" or "圓" (pinyin: yuán). Since the year 2000, the Central Bank
Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) is the central bank of Taiwan, which currently issues the New Taiwan
Taiwan dollar
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Foochow Romanized, also known as Bàng-uâ-cê (BUC for short; Chinese: 平話字) or Hók-ciŭ-uâ Lò̤-mā-cê (Chinese: 福州話羅馬字), is a Latin alphabet
Latin alphabet for the Fuzhou dialect
Fuzhou dialect of Eastern Min
Eastern Min adopted in the middle of the 19th century by Western missionaries. It had varied at different times, and became standardized in the 1890s
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.svg/200px-Hanzi_(traditional).svg.png "Go To List2 -> Traditional Chinese Characters")
Traditional Chinese characters
Chinese characters (traditional Chinese: 正體字/繁體字; simplified Chinese: 正体字/繁体字; Pinyin: Zhèngtǐzì/Fántǐzì) are Chinese characters
Chinese characters in any character set that does not contain newly created characters or character substitutions performed after 1946. They are most commonly the characters in the standardized character sets of Taiwan, of Hong Kong and Macau
Macau or in the Kangxi Dictionary
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.png "Go To List2 -> Simplified Chinese Characters")
Simplified Chinese characters
Chinese characters (简化字; jiǎnhuàzì)[1] are standardized Chinese characters
Chinese characters prescribed in the Table of General Standard Chinese
Standard Chinese Characters for use in mainland China. Along with traditional Chinese characters, they are one of the two standard character sets of the contemporary Chinese written language. The government of the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China in mainland China has promoted them for use in printing since the 1950s and 1960s to encourage literacy.[2] They are officially used in the People's Republic of China
Republic of China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese
Traditional Chinese characters are currently used in Hong Kong, Macau, and the Republic of China
Republic of China (Taiwan)
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Standard Chinese, also known as Modern Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin, or simply Mandarin, is a standard variety of Chinese that is the sole official language of both China
China and Taiwan
Taiwan (de facto), and also one of the four official languages of Singapore. Its pronunciation is based on the Beijing
Beijing dialect, its vocabulary on the Mandarin dialects, and its grammar is based on written vernacular Chinese. Like other varieties of Chinese, Standard Chinese
Standard Chinese is a tonal language with topic-prominent organization and subject–verb–object word order. It has more initial consonants but fewer vowels, final consonants and tones than southern varieties
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Hanyu Pinyin
Hanyu Pinyin Romanization
Romanization (simplified Chinese: 汉语拼音; traditional Chinese: 漢語拼音), often abbreviated to pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Chinese
Standard Chinese in mainland China
China and to some extent in Taiwan. It is often used to teach Standard Mandarin Chinese, which is normally written using Chinese characters. The system includes four diacritics denoting tones. Pinyin
Pinyin without tone marks is used to spell Chinese names and words in languages written with the Latin alphabet, and also in certain computer input methods to enter Chinese characters. The pinyin system was developed in the 1950s by many linguists, including Zhou Youguang,[1] based on earlier form romanizations of Chinese
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Egyptian hieroglyphs
Egyptian hieroglyphs 32 c. BCE Hieratic
Hieratic 32 c. BCEDemotic 7 c. BCEMeroitic 3 c. BCEProto-Sinaitic 19 c. BCEUgaritic 15 c. BCE Epigraphic South Arabian 9 c. BCEGe’ez 5–6 c. BCEPhoenician 12 c. BCEPaleo-Hebrew 10 c. BCESamaritan 6 c. BCE Libyco-Berber
Libyco-Berber 3 c. BCETifinaghPaleohispanic (semi-syllabic) 7 c. BCE Aramaic 8 c. BCE Kharoṣṭhī
Kharoṣṭhī 4 c. BCE Brāhmī 4 c. BCE Brahmic family
Brahmic family (see)E.g. Tibetan 7 c. CE Devanagari
Devanagari 13 c. CECanadian syllabics 1840Hebrew 3 c. BCE Pahlavi 3 c. BCEAvestan 4 c. CEPalmyrene 2 c. BCE Syriac 2 c. BCENabataean 2 c. BCEArabic 4 c. CEN'Ko 1949 CESogdian 2 c. BCEOrkhon (old Turkic) 6 c. CEOld Hungarian c. 650 CEOld UyghurMongolian 1204 CEMandaic 2 c. CEGreek 8 c. BCEEtruscan 8 c. BCELatin 7 c
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Wade–Giles (/ˌweɪd ˈdʒaɪlz/), sometimes abbreviated Wade,[citation needed] is a Romanization
Romanization system for Mandarin Chinese. It developed from a system produced by Thomas Wade, during the mid-19th century, and was given completed form with Herbert A. Giles's Chinese–English Dictionary of 1892. Wade–Giles was the system of transcription in the English-speaking world for most of the 20th century, used in standard reference books and in English language books published before 1979. It replaced the Nanking dialect-based romanization systems that had been common until the late 19th century, such as the Postal Romanization
Postal Romanization (still used in some place-names). In mainland China it has been entirely replaced by the Hànyǔ Pīnyīn
Hànyǔ Pīnyīn system approved in 1958
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ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization
Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.Contents1 Parts 2 Editions 3 ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency3.1 Members4 See also 5 References 6 External linksParts[edit] It consists of three parts:[1]ISO 3166-1, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country
Country codes, defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest
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Tongyong Pinyin
Pinyin (Chinese: 通用拼音; Hanyu Pinyin: Tōngyòng Pīnyīn; Tongyong Pinyin: Tongyòng Pinyin; literally: "general-use spelling of sounds") was the official romanization of Mandarin Chinese in Taiwan
Taiwan between 2002 and 2008. The system was unofficially used between 2000 and 2002, when a new romanization system for Taiwan
Taiwan was being evaluated for adoption. Taiwan's Ministry of Education approved the system in 2002,[1][2] but its use was optional
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Wu (Shanghainese: [ɦu˨˨ ɲy˦˦]; Suzhou
Suzhou dialect: [ɦəu˨˨ ɲy˦˦]; Wuxi
Wuxi dialect: [ŋ˨˨˧ nʲy˨˨]) is a group of linguistically similar and historically related varieties of Chinese primarily spoken in the whole city of Shanghai, Zhejiang
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Zhejiang province and the southern half of Jiangsu
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Jiangsu province, as well as bordering areas. Major Wu varieties include those of Shanghai, Suzhou, Ningbo, Wuxi, Wenzhou/Oujiang, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Jinhua
Jinhua and Yongkang. Wu speakers, such as Chiang Kai-shek, Lu Xun
Lu Xun and Cai Yuanpei, occupied positions of great importance in modern Chinese culture and politics
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Xiang or Hsiang (Chinese: 湘; pinyin: xiāng; Mandarin pronunciation: [ɕi̯ɑ́ŋ]), also known as Hunanese (English: /ˌhuːnɑːˈniːz/), is a group of linguistically similar and historically related varieties of Chinese, spoken mainly in Hunan province but also in northern Guangxi
Guangxi and parts of neighboring Guizhou and Hubei
.svg/550px-Hubei_in_China_(_all_claims_hatched).svg.png)
Hubei provinces. Scholars divided Xiang into five subgroups, Chang-Yi, Lou-Shao, Hengzhou, Chen-Xu and Yong-Quan.[3] Among those, Lou-shao, also known as Old Xiang, still exhibits the three-way distinction of Middle Chinese
Middle Chinese obstruents, preserving the voiced stops, fricatives, and affricates
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Cantonese, or Standard Cantonese, is a variety of the Chinese language spoken within Guangzhou
Guangzhou (historically known as Canton) and its vicinity in southeastern China. It is the traditional prestige variety of Yue, one of the major subdivisions of Chinese. In mainland China, it is the lingua franca of the province of Guangdong, being the majority language of the Pearl River Delta, and neighbouring areas such as Guangxi. It is the dominant and official language of Hong Kong
Hong Kong and Macau
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