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Alaunus
Alaunus or Alaunius (Gaulish: ''Alaunos'') is a Gaulish god of healing and prophecy. His name is known from inscriptions found in Lurs, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence in Southern France and in Mannheim in western Germany. In the latter inscription, Alaunus is used as an epithet of Mercury.''L'Arbre Celtique''.Alaunus andAlaunius. The feminine form ''Alauna'' (from an earlier *''Alamnā'') is at the origin of many place-names and hydronyms across Europe, including the Roman-era names of Valognes in Normandy, Maryport and Watercrook in Cumbria, Alcester in Warwickshire, Ardoch in Perthshire, and Learchild and the River Aln in Northumberland. Name The Gaulish theonym ''Alaunos'' stems from a Proto-Celtic form reconstructed as *''Alamnos''. The etymology remains uncertain. It has been traditionally derived from the root *''al''- ('feed, raise, nurture'), and compared with the Latin ''alumnus'' ('nursling') and with names of rivers such as ''Almus'' in Moesia, '' Yealm'' (*''Almii'') i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alauna (other)
Alauna is the feminine form of the Gaulish god Alaunus or (possibly) an unrelated Celtic river goddess in her own right. It appeared as the Latinized form of various placenames in Celtic Europe: Places ;France *Alauna or Alaunia, the Roman settlement at Valognes in Normandy *Alauna or Alaunus, the Roman name of the River Aulne in Brittany ;England *Alauna Carvetiorum, the Roman coastal fort and settlement at Maryport in Cumbria *Alauna, Alavana, Alona, or Alunna, generally identified with the Roman fort at Watercrook near Kendal in Cumbria *Alauna, the Roman settlement at Alcester in Warwickshire *The River Aln, sometimes identified with the Alauna or Alaunos River in Ptolemy's ''Geography'' *The Roman settlement at Learchild, sometimes identified with the Alauna in Ptolemy's ''Geography'' ;Scotland *The Allan Water, sometimes identified with the Alauna or Alaunos River in Ptolemy's ''Geography'' * Ardoch in Perthshire, sometimes identified with the Alauna in Ptolemy's ''Geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
River Aln
The River Aln () runs through the county of Northumberland in England. It rises in Alnham in the Cheviot Hills and discharges into the North Sea at Alnmouth on the east coast of England. The river gives its name to the town of Alnwick and the villages of Alnmouth and Alnham. For part of its route, directly upstream of Alnwick, the river flows through Hulne Park. Etymology The meaning of the name ''Aln'' is uncertain, but it is generally seen as a river-name of the '' Alaunos'' or ''Alaunā''. Names of this type could derive from the Celtic root *''al''- ('feed, raise, nurture') or *''alǝ''- (to wander'), or else from the Brittonic element ''*al-'', "shining, bright" (Welsh ''alaw'', 'waterlilly'). Another suggestion is that the name is derived from the Brittonic root ''*Alaun-'' (‘holy one’ or ‘mighty one’). History The Aln is first mentioned in the Geography of Ptolemy, a 2nd Century AD Roman cartographer. He refers to it as the River Alaunos or Alaunus (Geograp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perthshire
Perthshire (locally: ; gd, Siorrachd Pheairt), officially the County of Perth, is a historic county and registration county in central Scotland. Geographically it extends from Strathmore in the east, to the Pass of Drumochter in the north, Rannoch Moor and Ben Lui in the west, and Aberfoyle in the south; it borders the counties of Inverness-shire and Aberdeenshire to the north, Angus to the east, Fife, Kinross-shire, Clackmannanshire, Stirlingshire and Dunbartonshire to the south and Argyllshire to the west. It was a local government county from 1890 to 1930. Perthshire is known as the "big county", or "the Shire", due to its roundness and status as the fourth largest historic county in Scotland. It has a wide variety of landscapes, from the rich agricultural straths in the east, to the high mountains of the southern Highlands. Administrative history Perthshire was an administrative county between 1890 and 1975, governed by a county council. Initially, Perthshire Count ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnonym
An ethnonym () is a name applied to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (whose name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of people) and autonyms, or endonyms (whose name is created and used by the ethnic group itself). As an example, the largest ethnic group in Germany is Germans. The ethnonym ''Germans'' is a Latin-derived exonym used in the English language. Conversely, the Germans call themselves the , an endonym. The German people are identified by a variety of exonyms across Europe, such as (French language, French), (Italian language, Italian), (Swedish language, Swedish) and (Polish language, Polish). As a sub-field of anthroponymy, the study of ethnonyms is called ethnonymy or ethnonymics. Ethnonyms should not be confused with demonyms, distinctive terms that designate all people related to a specific territory, regardless of any ethnic, religious, linguistic or some other distinctions that may exist within the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xavier Delamarre
Xavier Delamarre (; born 5 June 1954) is a French linguist, lexicographer, and diplomat. He is regarded as one of the world's foremost authorities on the Gaulish language. Since 2019, he has been an associate researcher for the CNRS- PSL AOrOc laboratory (Archéologie & Philologie d'Orient et d'Occident). Along with Pierre-Yves Lambert, he is also the co-administrator of ''Thesaurus Paleo-Celticus'', a CNRS project launched in 2019 and aiming to update and replace Alfred Holder's ''Alt-celtischer Sprachschatz'' (1913). With linguist Romain Garnier, Delamarre is the co-publishing editor of ''Wékwos'', a journal founded in 2014 and devoted to Indo-European comparative linguistics. Career Born on 5 June 1954, Xavier Delamarre graduated from Sciences Po in 1977, then studied the Lithuanian language at INALCO. Alongside his research in historical and Celtic linguistics, Delamarre followed a career of diplomat from 1984 to 2014. He worked for the French diplomatic post in Helsinki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noricum
Noricum () is the Latin name for the Celts, Celtic kingdom or federation of tribes that included most of modern Austria and part of Slovenia. In the first century AD, it became a Roman province, province of the Roman Empire. Its borders were the Danube to the north, Raetia and Vindelici to the west, Pannonia to the east and south-east, and Roman Italy, Italia (Triveneto, Venetia et Histria) to the south. The kingdom was founded around 400 BC, and had its capital at the royal residence at Virunum on the Magdalensberg. Area and population Around 800 BC, the region was inhabited mostly by the people of the local Celtic Hallstatt culture. Around 450 BC, they merged with the people of the other core Celtic areas in the south-western regions of Germany and La Tène culture, eastern France. The country is mountainous and rich in iron and salt. It supplied material for the manufacturing of arms in Pannonia, Moesia, and northern Italy. The famous Noric steel was largely used in the maki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alauni
The Alauni (Gaulish: ''Alaunoi'', earlier *''Alamnoi'', 'the nomads, wanderers') were a Gallic tribe dwelling around the lake Chiemsee (in present-day Germany) during the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Alaunoí'' (Ἀλαυνοί) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), and as ''Alaunorum'' in the ''Notitia Dignitatum'' (5th c. AD)., s.v. ''Alaunoi''. The ethnic name ''Alauni'' is a latinized form of the Gaulish ''Alaunoi'', which can be translated as 'the errants, wanderers, or nomads', in contrast to the names of the '' Anauni'' ('the staying ones') and ''Genauni'' ('the natives'). It derives from an earlier *''Alamnoi'' (sing. *''Alamnos''), which is close to the Proto-Celtic stem *''alamo''- ('herd'; cf. OIr. ''alam'', Welsh ''alaf''), built on a root *''alǝ''- ('to wander'). Geography The Alauni lived near Chiemsee, a lake in present-day Bavaria. Their territory was located east of the Cosuanetes, north of the Ambisontes The Ambisontes (Gaulish: 'those around the Isontia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Westphalia
Westphalia (; german: Westfalen ; nds, Westfalen ) is a region of northwestern Germany and one of the three historic parts of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It has an area of and 7.9 million inhabitants. The territory of the region is almost identical with the historic Province of Westphalia, which was a part of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1815 to 1918 and the Free State of Prussia from 1918 to 1946. In 1946, Westphalia merged with North Rhine, another former part of Prussia, to form the newly created state of North Rhine-Westphalia. In 1947, the state with its two historic parts was joined by a third one: Lippe, a former principality and free state. The seventeen districts and nine independent cities of Westphalia and the single district of Lippe are members of the Westphalia-Lippe Regional Association (''Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe''). Previous to the formation of Westphalia as a province of Prussia and later state part of North Rhine-Westphalia, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alme (river)
The Alme is a long river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Lippe, into which it flows near Paderborn. The Alme defines the Alme Valley and flows through the towns Büren, Borchen and Paderborn. Tributaries * Nette * Gosse (river) * Afte * Altenau History Flood of 1965 In July 1965 a devastating flood occurred, which became part of regional history as a once-in-a-hundred-years flooding and is remembered by locals as the "Heinrichsflut" (Henry's Day Flood). After heavy rainfalls from July 15 through to 17 (more than 135 L/m2), basements were flooded. In the village of Wewelsburg a bridge collapsed, an Army sapper unit had to be brought in for disaster relief. Streets turned into river beds, railway and bus traffic had to be stopped, 16 people died. As a consequence of the flood, which also took in the tributaries of the Alme and the Lippe river itself, the " Wasserverband Obere Lippe" (board for basin management of the upper Lippe river) was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
River Yealm
The Yealm is a river in Devon in England that rises above sea level on the Stall Moor mires of south Dartmoor and travels to the sea, passing through Cornwood, Lee Mill and Yealmpton, a mid-sized village with a population of c.2,000 which is its largest settlement, before reaching its estuary which forms a ria bounded on its western side by Wembury. A deep inlet of this ria forms the waterfront to Newton Ferrers and Noss Mayo on its eastern side. Harbour The harbour authority is made up of representatives from the civil parish councils of Wembury, Yealmpton, Brixton and "Newton and Noss". Neighbouring catchment areas It is the river and estuary between the River Plym which discharges at Plymouth and the River Erme which discharges by Meadowsfoot Beach, Mothecombe in Holbeton parish.Grid square map ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moesia
Moesia (; Latin: ''Moesia''; el, Μοισία, Moisía) was an ancient region and later Roman province situated in the Balkans south of the Danube River, which included most of the territory of modern eastern Serbia, Kosovo, north-eastern Albania, northern parts of North Macedonia (Moesia Superior), Northern Bulgaria, Romanian Dobruja and small parts of Southern Ukraine (Moesia Inferior). Geography In ancient geographical sources, Moesia was bounded to the south by the Haemus ( Balkan Mountains) and Scardus (Šar) mountains, to the west by the Drinus (Drina) river, on the north by the Donaris (Danube) and on the east by the Euxine (Black Sea). History The region was inhabited chiefly by Thracians, Dacians (Thraco-Dacian), Illyrian and Thraco-Illyrian peoples. The name of the region comes from Moesi, Thraco-Dacian peoples who lived there before the Roman conquest. Parts of Moesia belonged to the polity of Burebista, a Getae king who established his rule over a large pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proto-Celtic
Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, is the ancestral proto-language of all known Celtic languages, and a descendant of Proto-Indo-European. It is not attested in writing but has been partly Linguistic reconstruction, reconstructed through the comparative method. Proto-Celtic is generally thought to have been spoken between 1300 and 800 BC, after which it began to split into different languages. Proto-Celtic is often associated with the Urnfield culture and particularly with the Hallstatt culture. Celtic languages share common features with Italic languages that are not found in other branches of Indo-European, suggesting the possibility of an earlier Italo-Celtic linguistic unity. Proto-Celtic is currently being reconstructed through the comparative method by relying on later Celtic languages. Though Continental Celtic presents much substantiation for Proto-Celtic phonology, and some for its morphology (linguistics), morphology, recorded material is too scanty to allow a secure rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
