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Alauni
The Alauni (Gaulish: ''Alaunoi'', earlier *''Alamnoi'', 'the nomads, wanderers') were a Gallic tribe dwelling around the lake Chiemsee (in present-day Germany) during the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Alaunoí'' (Ἀλαυνοί) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), and as ''Alaunorum'' in the ''Notitia Dignitatum'' (5th c. AD)., s.v. ''Alaunoi''. The ethnic name ''Alauni'' is a latinized form of the Gaulish ''Alaunoi'', which can be translated as 'the errants, wanderers, or nomads', in contrast to the names of the '' Anauni'' ('the staying ones') and ''Genauni'' ('the natives'). It derives from an earlier *''Alamnoi'' (sing. *''Alamnos''), which is close to the Proto-Celtic stem *''alamo''- ('herd'; cf. OIr. ''alam'', Welsh ''alaf''), built on a root *''alǝ''- ('to wander'). Geography The Alauni lived near Chiemsee, a lake in present-day Bavaria. Their territory was located east of the Cosuanetes, north of the Ambisontes The Ambisontes (Gaulish: 'those around the Isontia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambisontes
The Ambisontes (Gaulish: 'those around the Isontia') were a Gauls, Gallic tribe dwelling in the upper Salzach valley during the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Ambisontes'' by Pliny the Elder, Pliny (1st c. AD), and as ''Ambēsóntioi'' (Ἀμβησόντιοι) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD). The Gaulish ethnonym ''Ambisontes'' means 'the people from around the Isontia', stemming from the root *''amb(i)''- ('around, on both sides') attached to the name of the river ''Isontia'' (modern Salzach). The hydronym itself, while not necessarily Celtic, is most likely of Indo-European origin, and can be derived from the stem *''[h₁]ish₁-ont-'' ('she who moves quickly')., s.v. ''Ambisontes''. Geography The Ambisontes lived in the upper valley of the Salzach river. Their territory was situated north of the Saevates and Laianci, south of the Alauni (Celts), Alauni, and east of the Breuni and Cosuanetes., Map 19: Raetia. History They are mentioned by Pliny the Elder as one of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaulish
Gaulish was an ancient Celtic languages, Celtic language spoken in parts of Continental Europe before and during the period of the Roman Empire. In the narrow sense, Gaulish was the language of the Celts of Gaul (now France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine). In a wider sense, it also comprises varieties of Celtic that were spoken across much of central Europe ("Noric language, Noric"), parts of the Balkans, and Anatolia ("Galatian language, Galatian"), which are thought to have been closely related. The more divergent Lepontic language, Lepontic of Northern Italy has also sometimes been subsumed under Gaulish. Together with Lepontic and the Celtiberian language, Celtiberian spoken in the Iberian Peninsula, Gaulish helps form the geographic group of Continental Celtic languages. The precise linguistic relationships among them, as well as between them and the modern Insular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Irish
Old Irish, also called Old Gaelic ( sga, Goídelc, Ogham script: ᚌᚑᚔᚇᚓᚂᚉ; ga, Sean-Ghaeilge; gd, Seann-Ghàidhlig; gv, Shenn Yernish or ), is the oldest form of the Goidelic/Gaelic language for which there are extensive written texts. It was used from 600 to 900. The main contemporary texts are dated 700–850; by 900 the language had already transitioned into early Middle Irish. Some Old Irish texts date from the 10th century, although these are presumably copies of texts written at an earlier time. Old Irish is thus forebear to Modern Irish, Manx, and Scottish Gaelic. Old Irish is known for having a particularly complex system of morphology and especially of allomorphy (more or less unpredictable variations in stems and suffixes in differing circumstances) as well as a complex sound system involving grammatically significant consonant mutations to the initial consonant of a word. Apparently,It is difficult to know for sure, given how little Primit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical Celtic Peoples
History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of these events. Historians seek knowledge of the past using historical sources such as written documents, oral accounts, art and material artifacts, and ecological markers. History is not complete and still has debatable mysteries. History is also an academic discipline which uses narrative to describe, examine, question, and analyze past events, and investigate their patterns of cause and effect. Historians often debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the significance of different causes and effects. Historians also debate the nature of history as an end in itself, as well as its usefulness to give perspective on the problems of the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baiovarii
The Baiuvarii or Bavarians (german: Bajuwaren) were a Germanic people. The Baiuvarii had settled modern-day Bavaria (which is named after them), Austria, and South Tyrol by the 6th century AD, and are considered the ancestors of modern-day Bavarians and Austrians. The Baiuvarii spoke the early Bavarian language. Name The name of the Baiuvarii is also spelled ''Baiuvari''. It probably means "men from Bohemia". The placename Bohemia is believed to be connected to that of the Boii, a Celtic people who left the region before the Roman era and were replaced by Germanic peoples. The Baiuvarii gave their name to the region of Bavaria. The name is first attested in Latin sources in the 6th century AD. In the ''Getica'' (551), Jordanes writes that a group of Suebes near the Danube were neighboured on the east by the ''Baibari''. In a poem about a pilgrimage to Augsburg in 565, Venantius Fortunatus writes that the Baiovarius lived in area around the river Lech called Baiuaria. Language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavaria
Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With over 13 million inhabitants, it is second in population only to North Rhine-Westphalia, but due to its large size its population density is below the German average. Bavaria's main cities are Munich (its capital and largest city and also the third largest city in Germany), Nuremberg, and Augsburg. The history of Bavaria includes its earliest settlement by Iron Age Celtic tribes, followed by the conquests of the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC, when the territory was incorporated into the provinces of Raetia and Noricum. It became the Duchy of Bavaria (a stem duchy) in the 6th century AD following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. It was later incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire, became an ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Welsh Language
Welsh ( or ) is a Celtic language family, Celtic language of the Brittonic languages, Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people. Welsh is spoken natively in Wales, by some in England, and in Y Wladfa (the Welsh colony in Chubut Province, Argentina). Historically, it has also been known in English as "British", "Cambrian", "Cambric" and "Cymric". The Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 gave the Welsh language official status in Wales. Both the Welsh and English languages are ''de jure'' official languages of the Welsh Parliament, the Senedd. According to the 2021 United Kingdom census, 2021 census, the Welsh-speaking population of Wales aged three or older was 17.8% (538,300 people) and nearly three quarters of the population in Wales said they had no Welsh language skills. Other estimates suggest that 29.7% (899,500) of people aged three or older in Wales could speak Welsh in June 2022. Almost half of all Welsh speakers consider themselves fluent Welsh speakers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proto-Celtic
Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, is the ancestral proto-language of all known Celtic languages, and a descendant of Proto-Indo-European. It is not attested in writing but has been partly Linguistic reconstruction, reconstructed through the comparative method. Proto-Celtic is generally thought to have been spoken between 1300 and 800 BC, after which it began to split into different languages. Proto-Celtic is often associated with the Urnfield culture and particularly with the Hallstatt culture. Celtic languages share common features with Italic languages that are not found in other branches of Indo-European, suggesting the possibility of an earlier Italo-Celtic linguistic unity. Proto-Celtic is currently being reconstructed through the comparative method by relying on later Celtic languages. Though Continental Celtic presents much substantiation for Proto-Celtic phonology, and some for its morphology (linguistics), morphology, recorded material is too scanty to allow a secure rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gauls
The Gauls ( la, Galli; grc, Γαλάται, ''Galátai'') were a group of Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). They spoke Gaulish, a continental Celtic language. The Gauls emerged around the 5th century BC as bearers of La Tène culture north and west of the Alps. By the 4th century BC, they were spread over much of what is now France, Belgium, Switzerland, Southern Germany, Austria, and the Czech Republic, by virtue of controlling the trade routes along the river systems of the Rhône, Seine, Rhine, and Danube. They reached the peak of their power in the 3rd century BC. During the 4th and 3rd centuries BC, the Gauls expanded into Northern Italy ( Cisalpine Gaul), leading to the Roman–Gallic wars, and into the Balkans, leading to war with the Greeks. These latter Gauls eventually settled in Anatolia, becoming known as Galatians. After the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genauni
The Genauni (Gaulish: ''*Genaunoi'', earlier *''Gēnomnoi'', 'the natives') or Genaunes were a Gauls, Gallic tribe dwelling in the eastern valley of the Inn (river), Inn river, in Tyrol, during the La Tène culture, Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Genaunos'' by Horace (1st c. BC), as ''Genaúnōn'' (Γεναύνων) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), and as ''Genaunes'' by Pliny the Elder, Pliny (1st c. AD).Pliny the Elder, Pliny. ''Naturalis Historia''3:20 The ethnic name ''Genauni'' is a latinized form of Gaulish *''Genaunoi'' (sing. ''Genaunos''), which can be translated 'the natives'. It stems from an earlier form *''Géno-mnoi'', based on the stem ''gen(o)''- ('descendants, family'). Geography The Genauni lived in the eastern valley of the Inn (river), Inn river, in Raetia. Their territory was located north of the Focunates, east of the Breuni, south of the Estiones, Licates and Cosuanetes, west of the Vennones., Map 19: Raetia. History They are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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