Wenzhounese
Wenzhounese (), also known as Oujiang (), Tong Au () or Au Nyü (), is the language spoken in Wenzhou, the southern prefecture of Zhejiang, China. Nicknamed the "Devil's Language" () for its complexity and difficulty, it is the most divergent div ...
prefecture-level city
A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure.
During the Republican era, many of China' ...
in southeastern
Zhejiang
Zhejiang ( or , ; , also romanized as Chekiang) is an eastern, coastal province of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Hangzhou, and other notable cities include Ningbo and Wenzhou. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiang ...
province
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''Roman province, provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire ...
in the
People's Republic of China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
. Wenzhou is located at the extreme south east of Zhejiang Province with its borders connecting to Lishui on the west, Taizhou on the north, and
Fujian
Fujian (; alternately romanized as Fukien or Hokkien) is a province on the southeastern coast of China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its capi ...
to the south. It is surrounded by mountains, the
East China Sea
The East China Sea is an arm of the Western Pacific Ocean, located directly offshore from East China. It covers an area of roughly . The sea’s northern extension between mainland China and the Korean Peninsula is the Yellow Sea, separated b ...
, and 436 islands, while its lowlands are almost entirely along its East China Sea coast, which is nearly in length. Most of Wenzhou's area is mountainous as almost 76 percent of its surface area is classified as mountains and hills. It is said that Wenzhou has 7/10 mountains, 1/10 water, and 2/10 farmland. At the time of the 2010 Chinese census, 3,039,500 people lived in Wenzhou's urban area; the area under its jurisdiction (which includes three
satellite cities
Satellite cities or satellite towns are smaller municipalities that are adjacent to a principal city which is the core of a metropolitan area. They differ from mere suburbs, subdivisions and especially bedroom communities in that they have m ...
and six counties) held a population of 9,122,100 of which 31.16% are non-local residents from outside of Wenzhou.
The city, then known as Yungkia (, ''Yǒngjiā''), was a prosperous foreign treaty port, which remains well-preserved today. It is situated in a mountainous region and, as a result, has been isolated for most of its history from the rest of the country, making the local culture and
language
Language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means by which humans communicate, and may be conveyed through a variety of met ...
very distinct not only from the rest of China but from neighbouring areas as well. The city is also the native land of many emigrants to Europe and the United States, with many of these Wenzhounese emigrants being entrepreneurs who start restaurants, retail and wholesale businesses in their adopted countries.
Wenzhou people
Wenzhou people or Wenzhounese people is a subgroup of Oujiang Wu Chinese speaking peoples, who live primarily in Wenzhou, Zhejiang province. Wenzhou people are known for their business and money-making skills. The area also has a large diaspora ...
Tuscany
Tuscany ( ; it, Toscana ) is a Regions of Italy, region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence (''Firenze'').
Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, art ...
, they comprise 90% of all
Chinese
Chinese can refer to:
* Something related to China
* Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity
**''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation
** List of ethnic groups in China, people of ...
residents. Significant concentrations of Wenzhounese people can also be found across
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
as well as in
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
and
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
.
History
Ancient history
Wenzhou has a history which traces back to about 2500 BC, when it became known for its
pottery
Pottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other ceramic materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form. Major types include earthenware, stoneware and por ...
production as one of the cities of origin of
celadon
''Celadon'' () is a term for pottery denoting both wares glazed in the jade green celadon color, also known as greenware or "green ware" (the term specialists now tend to use), and a type of transparent glaze, often with small cracks, that wa ...
in ancient China.
Wenzhou was the capital of the ancient
Dong'ou Kingdom
Dong'ou () also known as Ouyue (), was an ancient kingdom in modern Wenzhou and Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China. The realm of Dong'ou was given to Zou Yao by Emperor Gaozu of Han in 192 BC. During the Han campaigns against Minyue in 138 BC, ...
which existed from 191 BC until it was conquered by Minyue Kingdom in 138 BC.
Imperial China
In the early second century BC, shortly after the destruction of the
Qin dynasty
The Qin dynasty ( ; zh, c=秦朝, p=Qín cháo, w=), or Ch'in dynasty in Wade–Giles romanization ( zh, c=, p=, w=Ch'in ch'ao), was the first Dynasties in Chinese history, dynasty of Imperial China. Named for its heartland in Qin (state), ...
, military and political leader Zou Yao () of Wenzhou helped the emperor Gaozu of Han, the first emperor of the Han Dynasty, defeat the prominent warlord
Xiang Yu
Xiang Yu (, –202 BC), born Xiang Ji (), was the Hegemon-King (Chinese: 霸王, ''Bà Wáng'') of Western Chu during the Chu–Han Contention period (206–202 BC) of China. A noble of the Chu state, Xiang Yu rebelled against the Qin dynas ...
of the Qin Dynasty. After the victory,
emperor Hui of Han
Emperor Hui of Han (Liu Ying 劉盈; 210 BC – 26 September 188 BC) was the second emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty. He is also known as Han Huidi (Chinese: 漢惠帝 ''Hàn Huìdì''). He was the second son of Emperor Gaozu (Liu Bang, of th ...
, the second emperor of the
Han dynasty
The Han dynasty (, ; ) was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD), established by Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) and a warr ...
named Zhou Yao the King of Dong'ou (Wenzhou), and under the administration of Emperor Hui, Wenzhou became the capital of the Dong'ou Kingdom in the modern-day area of southern Zhejiang.
Around 760AD, the founding emperor of the
Tang dynasty
The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an Zhou dynasty (690–705), interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dyn ...
,
Emperor Gaozu of Tang
Emperor Gaozu of Tang (7 April 566 – 25 June 635, born Li Yuan, courtesy name Shude) was the founding emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, reigning from 618 to 626. Under the Sui dynasty, Li Yuan was the governor in the area of modern-day ...
first used the current name of Wenzhou because of the city's mild weather.
The city walls were built in the tenth century, and the seven gates were erected in 1598.
Modern era
Throughout its history, Wenzhou's traditional economic role has been as a port giving access to the mountainous interior of southern
Zhejiang
Zhejiang ( or , ; , also romanized as Chekiang) is an eastern, coastal province of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Hangzhou, and other notable cities include Ningbo and Wenzhou. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiang ...
Province. In early European sources, the name Wenzhou- Fu or -Foo was often transcribed Ouen-tcheou-fou or Wen-tcheou after the accounts of French-speaking missionaries. In 1876, Wenzhou was opened for tea exports, but no foreign settlement was ever established there. Between 1937 and 1942, during the
Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) or War of Resistance (Chinese term) was a military conflict that was primarily waged between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war made up the Chinese theater of the wider Pacific Th ...
(i.e.,
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
), Wenzhou achieved importance as one of the few ports still under Chinese control. It declined in the later years of the war, but began to recover after coastal trade along the Zhejiang coast was re-established in 1955.
Fengshui of Wenzhou
Wenzhou is the only city in China designed by
Guo Pu
Guo Pu (; AD 276–324), courtesy name Jingchun () was a Chinese historian, poet, and writer during the Eastern Jin period, and is best known as one of China's foremost commentators on ancient texts. Guo was a Taoist mystic, geomancer, collector ...
(), the father of the Fengshui philosophical system. During the Jin Dynasty,
Guo Pu
Guo Pu (; AD 276–324), courtesy name Jingchun () was a Chinese historian, poet, and writer during the Eastern Jin period, and is best known as one of China's foremost commentators on ancient texts. Guo was a Taoist mystic, geomancer, collector ...
organised Wenzhou on the basis of the Fengshui philosophical system along with the Twenty-Eight Mansions, and the Five Elements. These philosophies develop and manage architecture and geography as a whole in metaphoric terms of "invisible forces" that unite the universe, earth, and humanity together.
Throughout its history, Wenzhou has avoided numerous militant activities that were originally set out to invade the city of Wenzhou. However, none of them were successful, and this protection is concluded to be the result of the Fengshui development of the city.. During the
Northern Song Dynasty
Northern may refer to the following:
Geography
* North, a point in direction
* Northern Europe, the northern part or region of Europe
* Northern Highland, a region of Wisconsin, United States
* Northern Province, Sri Lanka
* Northern Range, a ...
, when the Fangla Revolution took place in the now
Zhejiang
Zhejiang ( or , ; , also romanized as Chekiang) is an eastern, coastal province of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Hangzhou, and other notable cities include Ningbo and Wenzhou. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiang ...
province, the invading army surrounded Wenzhou for over 40 days, but the mountainous isolation blocked the army's movement and the army ended up retreating.
Wenzhou is still considered to possess the best Feng Shui conditions and nature of all the Chinese cities. Other cities considered to possess excellent Fengshui nature are
Beijing
}
Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
,
Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture ( kk, Іле Қазақ автономиялық облысы) (also as Yili) is an autonomous prefecture for Kazakh people in Northern Xinjiang, China, one of five autonomous prefectures in Xinjiang. Yining City ...
,
Kunming
Kunming (; ), also known as Yunnan-Fu, is the capital and largest city of Yunnan province, China. It is the political, economic, communications and cultural centre of the province as well as the seat of the provincial government. The headquar ...
,
Hengyang
Hengyang (; ) is the second largest city of Hunan Province, China. It straddles the Xiang River about south of the provincial capital of Changsha. As of the 2020 Chinese census, Its total population was 6,645,243 inhabitants, whom 1,290,715 ...
, and
Shenzhen
Shenzhen (; ; ; ), also historically known as Sham Chun, is a major sub-provincial city and one of the special economic zones of China. The city is located on the east bank of the Pearl River estuary on the central coast of southern province ...
. However, none of these cities is designed entirely on the basis of philosophy of Fengshui or designed by the father of Fengshui,
Guo Pu
Guo Pu (; AD 276–324), courtesy name Jingchun () was a Chinese historian, poet, and writer during the Eastern Jin period, and is best known as one of China's foremost commentators on ancient texts. Guo was a Taoist mystic, geomancer, collector ...
. People from all over China usually refer to the accomplishments and influence of Wenzhounese as a result of Wenzhou's Fengshui development by Guo Pu.
Guo Pu
When Guo Pu climbed to the top of West Guo Mountain () in Wenzhou, he saw the range of mountains of Wenzhou shaped as a dipper and the city itself shaped as a key. Wenzhou is still nicknamed the "Dipper city" based on the popular geographical saying "mountains as dipper, city as key" (). Legend has it that during the time when Wenzhou was being established and developed, a white deer was seen in the city with a flower in its mouth, therefore Wenzhou is also known as "Deer City" (). Today, the
Lucheng District Lucheng may refer to the following locations in China:
;Districts
* Lucheng District, Changzhi (), Shanxi
* Lucheng District, Wenzhou (), Zhejiang
;Subdistricts
* Lucheng, Kangding (), seat of Kangding County, Sichuan
*Lucheng Subdistrict, Yidu ( ...
is the name of downtown Wenzhou and the White Deer theater located at downtown is the most popular theater among the locals .
Guo Pu
Guo Pu (; AD 276–324), courtesy name Jingchun () was a Chinese historian, poet, and writer during the Eastern Jin period, and is best known as one of China's foremost commentators on ancient texts. Guo was a Taoist mystic, geomancer, collector ...
is honoured today by the renaming of West Guo Mountain, where he stood to observe the city, into Guo Gong Mountain. At the bottom of Guo Gong Mountain, a temple was also built and named Guo Gong Temple. In 2003, the local government constructed a statue of Guo Pu in downtown Wenzhou.
Geography
With jurisdiction over four districts, two county-level cities and five counties, Wenzhou covers a land area of and sea area of . The population of the prefectural level city is 9.12 million including 2.30 million urban residents, divided among 3 county-level cities and 4 districts.
Most of Wenzhou's landscape is mountainous, with many mountain tops reaching altitudes in excess of , for example in the
Yandang Mountains
Yandang Mountains or Yandangshan ( Chinese: t , s , p ''Yàndàng Shān'', lit. "Wild Goose Pond Mountain(s)") refers, in the broad sense, to a coastal mountain range in southeastern Zhejiang province in eastern China, ...
, a coastal mountain range dominating the eastern part of prefecture. Another dominating landscape element is the Ou River, the largest river in Wenzhou prefecture. There are some coastal plains, notably around the mouth of the Ou (where the city proper of Wenzhou is located), the Nanxi River, a tributary of the Ou, and further south, around the mouth of the Feiyun River (in
Rui'an
Rui'an (, Wenzhounese: ''zy iu'') is a county-level city along the southern coast of Zhejiang province, China, and is under the administration of Wenzhou City. It has a population of 1,125,000 people and covers a land area of , when including wat ...
, a county-level city). Coastal plains are used intensively for agriculture but also host much of the population and industry.
The long coastline gives the city abundant marine resources and has many islands. Dongtou, one of the districts in Wenzhou, has also been called the "County of One Hundred Islands." Dongtou County was renamed as Dongtou District in September 2015 following the State Council-sanctioned administrative region adjustments.
Wenzhou boasts wonderful landscapes with rugged mountains and tranquil waters, including three state-level scenic spots, namely the
Yandang Mountains
Yandang Mountains or Yandangshan ( Chinese: t , s , p ''Yàndàng Shān'', lit. "Wild Goose Pond Mountain(s)") refers, in the broad sense, to a coastal mountain range in southeastern Zhejiang province in eastern China, ...
, the Nanxi River and the Baizhangji Fall-Feiyun Lake, and two national nature reserves, the Wuyanling Ridge and the
Nanji Islands Nanji is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
*Azim Nanji, Kenyan-born professor of Islamic studies
*Shenaaz Nanji (born 1954), Indian Canadian children's and young adult author
See also
*Nanaji
{{Short pages monitor
Tourism
An essay written by Zhu Ziqing on the beauty of Meiyu Pond () and waterfall in the
Middle Yandang Mountains
Middle Yandang Mountains or Zhong Yandang Shan (Chinese: 中雁荡山, Pinyin: Zhōng Yàndàng Shān, lit. "Middle Wild Goose Pond Mountain(s)") refers, in the broad sense, to a coastal mountain range in southeastern Zhejiang, Zhejiang Province i ...
Ouhai District
Ouhai District () is a district of Wenzhou, Zhejiang. It is an outlying district of Wenzhou urban area ().
It has a population of 386,000 and occupies .
Administrative divisions
Twelve subdistricts:
* Louqiao Subdistrict (), Xinqiao Subdistrict ...
, Wenzhou after his visits to the area in 1923 is among the sixty potential reading selections test takers may be asked to read for the
Putonghua Proficiency Test
The Putonghua Proficiency Test or Putonghua Shuiping Ceshi (PSC) is an official test of spoken fluency in Standard Chinese (Mandarin) intended for native speakers of Chinese languages. The test was developed in October 1994 by the Ministry of Educa ...
.
With a history of over 120 million years,
Yandang Mountains
Yandang Mountains or Yandangshan ( Chinese: t , s , p ''Yàndàng Shān'', lit. "Wild Goose Pond Mountain(s)") refers, in the broad sense, to a coastal mountain range in southeastern Zhejiang province in eastern China, ...
or
Yandangshan Mountains
Yandang Mountains or Yandangshan ( Chinese: t , s , p ''Yàndàng Shān'', lit. "Wild Goose Pond Mountain(s)") refers, in the broad sense, to a coastal mountain range in southeastern Zhejiang province in eastern China, ...
, literally the wild goose pond mountain(s) is known for its natural environment, arising from its many vertical rock faces and pinnacles, mountain slopes with forests and bamboo groves, streams, waterfalls and caves.
Nanxi River located in
Yongjia County
Yongjia County (; Wenzhou dialect: yon2ko1/ yu3 ''ion ko'') is a county in Wenzhou in the southeast of Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China, located north of the city proper of Wenzhou
Wenzhou (pronounced ; Wenzhounese: Yuziou y33 ...
, Nanxi River was famous for its 36 bends and 72 beaches. The main scenic spots of the Nanxi River area include the Furong Triangle Rock, the Waterfall of Tengxi Pool, the Twelve Peaks, the Taogong Cave, the Warehouse Under The Cliff, the Furong Ancient Hamlet and the Lion Rock. It was named as one of the National Tourist Scenic Spots by the State Council and has been listed in Tentative Lists of UNESCO World Heritage.
Covered bridges,
Taishun County
Taishun County () is a county in the prefecture-level city of Wenzhou, in the southern part of Zhejiang province, China, bordering Fujian province to the southeast, south, and west.
Taishun County has more than 900 covered bridges, many of them ...
has more than 900 covered bridges,
Wuyanling National Nature Reserve
Wuyanling National Nature Reserve () is a nature reserve in Taishun County, in the southern part of Zhejiang Province. The reserve occupies a mountainous, forested area. The highest peak is Baiyun Peak, which is high.Wang Shipeng
Wang Shipeng, (; born April 6, 1983 in Dandong, Liaoning) (nickname: Wang 7 王七)is a former professional basketball player from the People's Republic of China. At a height of 1.98 m (6'6"), and a weight of 96 kg (212 pounds), he played m ...
Ye Shi
Ye Shi (, 1150–1223), courtesy name Zhengze (正则), pseudonym Mr. Shuixin (水心先生), was a Chinese neo-Confucian of the Song dynasty.
A native of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, he was the most famous figure of the Yongjia School, a neo-Confucianism ...
,
Huang Gongwang
Huang Gongwang (1269–1354), birth name Lu Jian (), was Chinese painter, poet, and writer born at the end of the Song dynasty in Changshu, Jiangsu. He was the oldest of the " Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty".
Biography
At the age of 10, the ...
and Liu Ji during the South Song Dynasty, as well as
Sun Yirang
Sun Yirang (; 1848–1908) was a Qing dynasty Chinese philologist. A native of Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, he retired from official employment early in his life to devote himself to scholarship. His most important works are ''Mozi Jiangu'' (墨 ...
,
Xia Nai
Xia Nai (Wade–Giles: ''Shiah Nae''; 1910–1985) was a pioneering Chinese archaeologist. He was born in Wenzhou, southern Zhejiang province. He was the second son of Xia Yuyi (夏禹彝) who was a wealthy farmer. Xia was given the first nam ...
,
Xia Chengtao
Xia (Hsia in Wade–Giles) may refer to:
Chinese history
* Xia dynasty (c. 2070 – c. 1600 BC), the first orthodox dynasty in Chinese history
* Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms) (407–431), a Xiongnu-led dynasty
* Xia (617–621), a state founded by Dou Ji ...
and Su Buqing and others of the modern era. All of them have exerted significant influence in the history of Chinese philosophy, literature and science. Wenzhou is also the origin of China's landscape poetry, the founder of which,
Xie Lingyun
Xie Lingyun (; 385–433), also known as the Duke of Kangle (康樂公), was one of the foremost Chinese poets of the Southern and Northern Dynasties and a famous practitioner of the Six Dynasties poetry.
Life
Xie Lingyun was a descendant ...
, was the chief of Wenzhou's Yongjia Prefecture in the Nan Dynasty. In
Song Dynasty
The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ...
, there were 4 distinguished poets from Yongjia representing the River and Lake Poetry. Moreover, Wenzhou is the birthplace of Nan Drama of China, which is the origin of Chinese traditional drama of which includes drama forms such as
Peking Opera
Peking opera, or Beijing opera (), is the most dominant form of Chinese opera, which combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics. It arose in Beijing in the mid-Qing dynasty (1644–1912) and became fully developed and recognize ...
and Yue Opera. "The Romance of a Hairpin", a tale about Wang Shipeng and Qian Yulian, is well known among locals and serves an inspiration for many who have endured life pains but still have faith in love. For instance, "Tale of Lute", a play by Gao Zecheng of Ming Dynasty, is renowned abroad as one of the most outstanding works of Chinese drama along with
Kun Opera
Kunqu (), also known as Kunju (), K'un-ch'ü, Kun opera or Kunqu Opera, is one of the oldest extant forms of Chinese opera. Kunqu is one of the oldest traditional operas of the Han nationality, and is also a treasure of Chinese traditional cult ...
export-oriented industrialization
Export-oriented industrialization (EOI) sometimes called export substitution industrialization (ESI), export led industrialization (ELI) or export-led growth is a trade and economic policy aiming to speed up the industrialization process of a ...
Confucianism
Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or ...
represented by
Zhu Xi
Zhu Xi (; ; October 18, 1130 – April 23, 1200), formerly romanized Chu Hsi, was a Chinese calligrapher, historian, philosopher, poet, and politician during the Song dynasty. Zhu was influential in the development of Neo-Confucianism. He con ...
and
Lu Jiuyuan
Lu Jiuyuan (; 1139–1192), or Lu Xiangshan (陸象山; Lù Xiàngshān), was a Chinese philosopher and writer who founded the school of the universal mind, the second most influential Neo-Confucian school. He was a contemporary and the main ri ...
in China urging people to study to be officials in the future, the theory of Wenzhou's Yongjia School represented by
Ye Shi
Ye Shi (, 1150–1223), courtesy name Zhengze (正则), pseudonym Mr. Shuixin (水心先生), was a Chinese neo-Confucian of the Song dynasty.
A native of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, he was the most famous figure of the Yongjia School, a neo-Confucianism ...
, emphasized the importance of business. The theory has an enduring impact on the mindset of Wenzhou natives and has become the "cultural gene" in the economic development of Wenzhou ever since.
Business culture
Due to both Wenzhou's cultural and geographical remoteness and its lack of natural resources (land, minerals, etc.), the Chinese central government has left the people of Wenzhou relatively autonomous. Away from the center of the political and economic stage, its people are more independent, self-reliant, and generally more business and family oriented. Numerous books have been published about the business sense of people from Wenzhou. Hence, when China switched from its planned economy to its so-called
capitalist economy
Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, price system, private pr ...
with Chinese (socialist) characteristics in the late 1980s, its people adjusted well to the new system and took advantage of it. A popular common saying calls Wenzhounese the "Jews of the Orient" (). Wenzhounese have been stereotyped by other Chinese as real estate speculators.
China Daily
''China Daily'' () is an English-language daily newspaper owned by the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party.
Overview
''China Daily'' has the widest print circulation of any English-language newspaper in China. T ...
notes that investments from Wenzhounese buyers play a disproportionately large role in the increased property prices all over China.
The people of Wenzhou are thought to be equipped with business sense and a commercial culture more dominant than anywhere else in China. Wenzhou has two economic characteristics: it was the first to launch a market economy, and it continues to have an active and developed private economy.
Education
Wenzhou has one of the largest education sector, constituting 1/6 of the total in Zhejiang Province. As of the end of 2016, Wenzhou has 2368 schools of various kinds (from pre-school to higher education), with number of students stands at 1.4814 million and faculty number of 127,200.
Higher education
With most of its universities and colleges established after 1949, before 1949, there was not one single university or college in Wenzhou. The highest educational institution in Wenzhou at the time was senior high school.
There are three major universities in Wenzhou:
Wenzhou University
Wenzhou University (WZU; ) is a comprehensive public university in Wenzhou
Wenzhou (pronounced ; Wenzhounese: Yuziou y33–11 tɕiɤu33–32 ), historically known as Wenchow is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Zhejiang province in ...
,
Wenzhou Medical University
Wenzhou Medical University (WMU); ), designated as a key university in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, is an institution of higher learning under the leadership of Zhejiang Provincial Government.
History
Wenzhou Medical University (WMU) is a higher inst ...
and WenZhou-Kean University.
Wenzhou University resulted from the merger of the former University of Wenzhou, Wenzhou Normal College and other various normal colleges in the rural towns of Wenzhou. Its main campus is situated in the University Town, Cha Shan (). The former campus of Wenzhou Normal College on Xueyuan Road () is still in use, while the former main campus of the University of Wenzhou now serves as the campus of the Wenzhou Foreign Language School and the Second Experimental Middle School of Wenzhou (No.13 Middle School).
Wenzhou Medical University is well-known globally in specializing in ophthalmology (national level key discipline), as well as provision of other medical courses. Several of Wenzhou's major hospitals are affiliated to this university, with Wenzhou No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University being the largest in floor space in Asia. The combined population of medical service covered by all the affiliated hospitals of Wenzhou Medical University is said to be over 20 million.
The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China approved the establishment of
Wenzhou-Kean University
Wenzhou-Kean University () is a Wenzhou University–Kean University joint venture university in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
In March 2014, the Ministry of Education of China approved the formal establishment of Wenzhou-Kean University. The univer ...
on 16 November 2011. It is one of the first two Chinese-American cooperatively run universities with legal person status, the other one being NYU Shanghai inaugurated on 15 October 2012.
Official websites of universities and colleges in Wenzhou
Sun Yirang
Sun Yirang (; 1848–1908) was a Qing dynasty Chinese philologist. A native of Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, he retired from official employment early in his life to devote himself to scholarship. His most important works are ''Mozi Jiangu'' (墨 ...
(; 1848–1908), pioneer of
Oracle Bone Script
Oracle bone script () is an ancient form of Chinese characters that were engraved on oracle bonesanimal bones or Turtle shell#Plastron, turtle plastrons used in pyromancy, pyromantic divination. Oracle bone script was used in the late 2nd millen ...
decipherment, founder of the first mathematical academy in the history of China, mentor of Huang Qingcheng
*Huang Qingcheng (; 1863–1904), founder of the first periodical of mathematics in the history of China, student of
Sun Yirang
Sun Yirang (; 1848–1908) was a Qing dynasty Chinese philologist. A native of Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, he retired from official employment early in his life to devote himself to scholarship. His most important works are ''Mozi Jiangu'' (墨 ...
, uncle of Jiang Lifu
*
Jiang Lifu
Jiang Lifu (4 July 1890 – 3 February 1978) was a Chinese mathematician and educator widely regarded as the Father of modern Chinese mathematics. His main research areas are the theory of syringine geometry and Matrix (mathematics), matrix.
Li ...
(; 1890–1978), father of mathematics in modern China, first director of
Academia Sinica
Academia Sinica (AS, la, 1=Academia Sinica, 3=Chinese Academy; ), headquartered in Nangang, Taipei, is the national academy of Taiwan. Founded in Nanking, the academy supports research activities in a wide variety of disciplines, ranging from ...
Institute of Mathematics, mentor of
Shiing-Shen Chern
Shiing-Shen Chern (; , ; October 28, 1911 – December 3, 2004) was a Chinese-American mathematician and poet. He made fundamental contributions to differential geometry and topology. He has been called the "father of modern differential geome ...
, Su Buqing, father of Jiang Boju, nephew and student of Huang Qingcheng
* Su Buqing (; 1902–2003), honorary chairman of Chinese Mathematical Society, first geometer in the Orient, renowned as "King of Math" in China, student of
Jiang Lifu
Jiang Lifu (4 July 1890 – 3 February 1978) was a Chinese mathematician and educator widely regarded as the Father of modern Chinese mathematics. His main research areas are the theory of syringine geometry and Matrix (mathematics), matrix.
Li ...
* Li Ruifu (; 1903–1987), prominent mathematician and astronomer, former vice chairman of Shanghai Mathematical Society and Shanghai Astronomical Society
*Fang Dezhi (; 1910–), former chairman of the Department of Mathematics at
Xiamen University
Xiamen University (; Southern Min: ''Ē-mn̂g-toā-o̍h''), colloquially known as Xia Da (; Southern Min: ''Hā-tāi''), is a national public research university in Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Founded in 1921 by Tan Kah Kee, a Chinese patriotic e ...
*
Shu Shien-Siu
Shu Shien-Siu (; 1912–2001), also known as S. S. Shu, was a Chinese/Taiwanese mathematician, engineer and educator.
Biography
Shu was born in Yongjia, Wenzhou, Zhejiang on 12 Sep 1912. Shu studied at Wenzhou High School. In 1935, Shu gradua ...
(; 1912–2002), father of high-tech industry in
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
*Xu Guifang (; 1912–), former chairman of the Department of Mathematics at
Xi'an Jiaotong University
Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU, ) is a public research university in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. As a member of Double First Class University Plan, C9 League, Project 985, and Project 211, it is a leading national university with special strengths ...
, honorary director of Chinese Society of Computational Mathematics
*
Ky Fan
Ky Fan (樊𰋀, , September 19, 1914 – March 22, 2010) was a Chinese-born American mathematician. He was a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Biography
Fan was born in Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejian ...
(; 1914–2010), prominent mathematician, former director of
Academia Sinica
Academia Sinica (AS, la, 1=Academia Sinica, 3=Chinese Academy; ), headquartered in Nangang, Taipei, is the national academy of Taiwan. Founded in Nanking, the academy supports research activities in a wide variety of disciplines, ranging from ...
Institute of Mathematics, professor emeritus at
University of California, Santa Barbara
The University of California, Santa Barbara (UC Santa Barbara or UCSB) is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Santa Barbara County, California, Santa Barbara, California with 23,196 undergraduate ...
*
Xiang Fuchen Xiang or Hsiang may refer to:
*Xiang (place), the site of Hong Xiuquan's destruction of a Chinese idol early in the Taiping Rebellion
*Xiang (surname), three unrelated surnames: Chinese: 項 and Chinese: 向 (both ''Xiàng'') and Chinese: 相 (''X ...
(; 1916–1990), former chairman of the Department of Mathematics at
National Taiwan University
National Taiwan University (NTU; ) is a public research university in Taipei, Taiwan.
The university was founded in 1928 during Japanese rule as the seventh of the Imperial Universities. It was named Taihoku Imperial University and served d ...
, former director of
Academia Sinica
Academia Sinica (AS, la, 1=Academia Sinica, 3=Chinese Academy; ), headquartered in Nangang, Taipei, is the national academy of Taiwan. Founded in Nanking, the academy supports research activities in a wide variety of disciplines, ranging from ...
Institute of Mathematics
* Bai Zhengguo (; 1916–2015), one of the pioneers of geometry in China, student of Su Buqing, mentor of
Gu Chaohao
Gu Chaohao (; May 15, 1926 – June 24, 2012) was a Chinese mathematician. He graduated from National Chekiang University (Zhejiang University) in 1948, and received a doctorate in physics and mathematical science from Moscow University in 1959. ...
*
Chung Tao Yang
Chung Tao Yang, or Chung-Tao Yang, Yang Zhongdao (Traditional Chinese: 楊忠道, Simplified Chinese: 杨忠道, Pinyin: Yáng Zhòngdào) (May 4, 1923 – 2005), was a notable Chinese American topologist. He was an academician of the Academia Si ...
(; 1923–2005), chairman of the Department of Mathematics at
University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn or UPenn) is a private research university in Philadelphia. It is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and is ranked among the highest-regarded universitie ...
from 1978 to 1983, student of Su Buqing
* Zhang Mingyong (; 1926–1986), former vice-chairman of Department of Mathematics at
Xiamen University
Xiamen University (; Southern Min: ''Ē-mn̂g-toā-o̍h''), colloquially known as Xia Da (; Southern Min: ''Hā-tāi''), is a national public research university in Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Founded in 1921 by Tan Kah Kee, a Chinese patriotic e ...
Gu Chaohao
Gu Chaohao (; May 15, 1926 – June 24, 2012) was a Chinese mathematician. He graduated from National Chekiang University (Zhejiang University) in 1948, and received a doctorate in physics and mathematical science from Moscow University in 1959. ...
(; 1926–2012), former president of
University of Science and Technology of China
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, the ...
Wu-Chung Hsiang
Wu-Chung Hsiang (; born 12 June 1935 in Zhejiang) is a Chinese-American mathematician, specializing in topology. Hsiang served as chairman of the Department of Mathematics at Princeton University from 1982 to 1985 and was one of the most influenti ...
(; born 1935), chairman of the Department of Mathematics at
Princeton University
Princeton University is a private university, private research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the List of Colonial Colleges, fourth-oldest ins ...
from 1982 to 1985, one of the most influential
topologist
In mathematics, topology (from the Greek words , and ) is concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling, and bending; that is, without closing h ...
s of the second half of the 20th century
*Hu Yuda (; born 1935), former vice-chairman of executive council of Shanghai Mathematical Society, former executive director of Operations Research Society of China
* Wu-Yi Hsiang (; born 1937), prominent mathematician in
geometry
Geometry (; ) is, with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics. It is concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is c ...
, professor emeritus at
University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant u ...
, one of the provers of
Kepler Conjecture
The Kepler conjecture, named after the 17th-century mathematician and astronomer Johannes Kepler, is a mathematical theorem about sphere packing in three-dimensional Euclidean space. It states that no arrangement of equally sized spheres filling s ...
* Jiang Boju (; born 1937), first dean of School of Mathematical Sciences at
Peking University
Peking University (PKU; ) is a public research university in Beijing, China. The university is funded by the Ministry of Education.
Peking University was established as the Imperial University of Peking in 1898 when it received its royal charter ...
, former chairman of Beijing Mathematical Society, son of
Jiang Lifu
Jiang Lifu (4 July 1890 – 3 February 1978) was a Chinese mathematician and educator widely regarded as the Father of modern Chinese mathematics. His main research areas are the theory of syringine geometry and Matrix (mathematics), matrix.
Li ...
*
Chen Li-an
Chen Li-an (; born 22 June 1937 in Qingtian, Zhejiang, Republic of China), sometimes spelled Chen Lu-an, is an electrical engineer, mathematician and former Taiwanese politician. He was the President of the Control Yuan from 1993 to 1995.
W ...
(; born 1937), former president of the
Control Yuan
The Control Yuan is the supervisory and auditory branch of the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Prior to constitutional reforms in the 1990s, the Control Yuan, along with National Assembly (electoral college) and the Legislati ...
National Defense
National security, or national defence, is the security and defence of a sovereign state, including its citizens, economy, and institutions, which is regarded as a duty of government. Originally conceived as protection against military attac ...
and
Economic Affairs
An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services. In general, it is defined as a social domain that emphasize the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with th ...
of the
Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
, son of
Chen Cheng
Chen Cheng (; ; January 4, 1898 – March 5, 1965) was a Chinese political and military leader, and one of the main commanders of the National Revolutionary Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War.
After moving ...
* Lee Peng Yee (; born 1938), former president of Southeast Asian Mathematical Society, former vice president of
International Commission on Mathematical Instruction The International Commission on Mathematical Instruction (ICMI) is a commission of the International Mathematical Union and is an internationally acting organization focussing on mathematics education. ICMI was founded in 1908 at the International ...
Li Banghe
Li, li, or LI may refer to:
Businesses and organizations
* Landscape Institute, a British professional body for landscape architects
* Leadership Institute, a non-profit organization located in Arlington, Virginia, US, that teaches "political tec ...
(; born 1942), prominent mathematician in
differential topology
In mathematics, differential topology is the field dealing with the topological properties and smooth properties of smooth manifolds. In this sense differential topology is distinct from the closely related field of differential geometry, which ...
Peking University
Peking University (PKU; ) is a public research university in Beijing, China. The university is funded by the Ministry of Education.
Peking University was established as the Imperial University of Peking in 1898 when it received its royal charter ...
, former vice president of
Chinese Mathematical Society The Chinese Mathematical Society (CMS, ) is an academic organization for Chinese mathematicians, with the official websitwww.cms.org.cn It is a member of China Association of Science and Technology.
History
The Chinese Mathematical Society (CMS) ...
COPSS Presidents' Award
The COPSS Presidents' Award is given annually by the Committee of Presidents of Statistical Societies to a young statistician in recognition of outstanding contributions to the profession of statistics.
The COPSS Presidents' Award is generally ...
winner, former president of International Chinese Statistical Association
Go and chess players
* Bao Yizhong (; 1500–1566), Go chess player, most prominent chess player of China in
Ming Dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...
, renowned as the "highest echelon of Ming Dynasty"
*
Xie Xiaxun
Xie or Hsieh may refer to:
Xie People
*Xie of Xia (), legendary king of the Xia Dynasty
*Xie of Shang (契), legendary nobleman
*Xie, Marquis of Jin (; th century BC), ruler of the State of Jin
*King Xie of Zhou (; BC)
*Alexandra Kitchin (1864 ...
(; 1888–1987), father of
Chinese chess
''Xiangqi'' (; ), also called Chinese chess or elephant chess, is a strategy board game for two players. It is the most popular board game in China. ''Xiangqi'' is in the same family of games as ''shogi'', ''janggi'', Western chess, ''chatu ...
, renowned as the "Supreme Commander of Chess" and "King of Chess" in China
* Ye Rongguang (; born 1963), first-ever
chess
Chess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of chess pieces in their color, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king. It is sometimes called international chess or Western chess to disti ...
Zhu Chen
Zhu Chen (, ar, زو تشن; born March 13, 1976) is a Chinese-born Qatari chess Grandmaster. In 1999, she became China's second women's world chess champion after Xie Jun, and China's 13th Grandmaster. In 2006, she obtained Qatari c ...
*
Zhu Chen
Zhu Chen (, ar, زو تشن; born March 13, 1976) is a Chinese-born Qatari chess Grandmaster. In 1999, she became China's second women's world chess champion after Xie Jun, and China's 13th Grandmaster. In 2006, she obtained Qatari c ...
(; born 1976), first person to win all youth, junior, adult World Championships, female chess international grandmaster and Women's World Champion
*
Ding Liren
Ding Liren (; born 24 October 1992) is a Chinese chess grandmaster. He is the highest rated Chinese chess player in history and is also a three-time Chinese Chess Champion. He was the winner of the 2019 Grand Chess Tour, beating Maxime Vachi ...
(; born 1992), chess grandmaster, youngest-ever winner of
Chinese Chess Championship
The Chinese Chess Championship is the annual individual national chess championship of China. Following are the official winners of the national championship from 1957 to date.
Winners
:
Women's Crosstables
:
Average Elo: 2324 Cat: 3
m = 6 ...
at age 16, ranked first nationally and third internationally , highest-ever Elo rated Chinese chess grandmaster
University presidents
* Huang Shaoqi (; 1854–1908), first president and co-founder of
Peking University
Peking University (PKU; ) is a public research university in Beijing, China. The university is funded by the Ministry of Education.
Peking University was established as the Imperial University of Peking in 1898 when it received its royal charter ...
(then Imperial University of Peking)
* Jiang Qi (; 1885–1951), president of
Jinan University
Jinan University (JNU, ) is a public research university based in Guangzhou, China. "Jinan" literally means "reaching southward", indicating the university's original mission to disseminate Chinese learning and culture from North to South when ...
from 1925 to 1927
* Su Buqing (; 1902–2003), president of
Fudan University
Fudan University () is a national public research university in Shanghai, China. Fudan is a member of the C9 League, Project 985, Project 211, and the Double First Class University identified by the Ministry of Education of China. It is als ...
from 1978 to 1983
*
Shu Shien-Siu
Shu Shien-Siu (; 1912–2001), also known as S. S. Shu, was a Chinese/Taiwanese mathematician, engineer and educator.
Biography
Shu was born in Yongjia, Wenzhou, Zhejiang on 12 Sep 1912. Shu studied at Wenzhou High School. In 1935, Shu gradua ...
(; 1912–2002), president of
National Tsing Hua University
National Tsing Hua University (NTHU; ) is a public research university in Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
National Tsing Hua University was first founded in Beijing. After the Chinese Civil War, the then-president of the university, Mei Yiqi, and othe ...
Beijing Dance Academy
The Beijing Dance Academy (BDA, ) is a municipal public professional dance college at Haidian, Beijing. The academy is the highest institution for dance education and assessment in the People's Republic of China, conducting the nationwide teache ...
from 1978 to 1984
*
Gu Chaohao
Gu Chaohao (; May 15, 1926 – June 24, 2012) was a Chinese mathematician. He graduated from National Chekiang University (Zhejiang University) in 1948, and received a doctorate in physics and mathematical science from Moscow University in 1959. ...
(; 1926–2012), president of
University of Science and Technology of China
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, the ...
China University of Political Science and Law
China University of Political Science and Law (CUPL; simplified Chinese: 中国政法大学; traditional Chinese: 中國政法大學; pinyin: ''Zhōngguó Zhèngfǎ Dàxué'', abbr. 法大, ''Fǎ Dà'') is a research university established in 1952 ...
Frank Shu
Frank Hsia-San Shu (; born June 2, 1943), is a Chinese-American astrophysicist, astronomer and author. He is currently a University Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Diego. He is be ...
(; 1943), president of
National Tsing Hua University
National Tsing Hua University (NTHU; ) is a public research university in Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
National Tsing Hua University was first founded in Beijing. After the Chinese Civil War, the then-president of the university, Mei Yiqi, and othe ...
from 2002 to 2006
*
Wu Qidi
Wu Qidi (; born August 1947) is a Chinese people, Chinese politician and engineer. She is the president of the Shanghai Overseas Returned Scholars Association.
Education
Wu completed her undergraduate degree in Radio-frequency engineering, radio ...
(; born 1947), president of
Tongji University
Tongji University () is a comprehensive public research university located in Shanghai. Established in 1907 by the German government together with German physicians in Shanghai, Tongji is one of the longest-standing, most selective, and most pr ...
from 1995 to 2003
*
Wu Boda
Wu may refer to:
States and regions on modern China's territory
*Wu (state) (; och, *, italic=yes, links=no), a kingdom during the Spring and Autumn Period 771–476 BCE
** Suzhou or Wu (), its eponymous capital
** Wu County (), a former county i ...
Xidian University
Xidian University () is a public research university in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, that is administered by the Ministry of Education of China. Xidian focuses on electronics and information education and research, and has programs covering enginee ...
*Wang Xizhi (; 303–361), sage of Chinese calligraphy, former governor of Yongjia (Wenzhou)
*
Ye Shi
Ye Shi (, 1150–1223), courtesy name Zhengze (正则), pseudonym Mr. Shuixin (水心先生), was a Chinese neo-Confucian of the Song dynasty.
A native of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, he was the most famous figure of the Yongjia School, a neo-Confucianism ...
(; 1150–1223), philosopher, most important figure of the neo-Confucianism Yongjia School
*Gao Juefu (; 1896–1993), psychologist
*Wu Xianwen (; 1900–1985), one of the pioneers of Ichthyology and Nematology in China
*Fang Jiekan (; 1901–1987), prominent calligrapher, former honorary chairman of Chinese Calligraphers Association
*Cheng Man-ch'ing (; 1902–1975), t'ai chi ch'uan master, calligrapher, painter, poet, doctor of Chinese medicine, called the "Master of Five Excellences"
*
Xia Nai
Xia Nai (Wade–Giles: ''Shiah Nae''; 1910–1985) was a pioneering Chinese archaeologist. He was born in Wenzhou, southern Zhejiang province. He was the second son of Xia Yuyi (夏禹彝) who was a wealthy farmer. Xia was given the first nam ...
(; 1910–1985), archaeologist, pioneer of archaeology in modern China, one of the most honored scholars in archaeology
*Qi Jun (; 1917–2006), author, best-selling female author of
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
, one of the most significant female authors in the history of China
*Chen Cheng-siang (; 1922–2003), first prominent geographer in the history of China, one of the most prominent geographers in the world, renowned as the Alexander von Humboldt of the Orient
* Chen Guangzhong (; 1930), jurist, renowned as the father of Criminal procedure of China
*
Frank Shu
Frank Hsia-San Shu (; born June 2, 1943), is a Chinese-American astrophysicist, astronomer and author. He is currently a University Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Diego. He is be ...
(; 1943), chair of astronomy department of
University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant u ...
from 1984 to 1988, former president of American Astronomical Society, president of
National Tsing Hua University
National Tsing Hua University (NTHU; ) is a public research university in Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
National Tsing Hua University was first founded in Beijing. After the Chinese Civil War, the then-president of the university, Mei Yiqi, and othe ...
, son of
Shu Shien-Siu
Shu Shien-Siu (; 1912–2001), also known as S. S. Shu, was a Chinese/Taiwanese mathematician, engineer and educator.
Biography
Shu was born in Yongjia, Wenzhou, Zhejiang on 12 Sep 1912. Shu studied at Wenzhou High School. In 1935, Shu gradua ...
*Hsiao Cheng (; 1943), editor and member of executive council of Journal of Econometrics
*Jin Henghui (; 1944), journalist, author, pundit, former vice president of Taiwan Society
*Shen Zhixun (; 1962), experimental solid state physicist and a professor at
Stanford University
Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is consider ...
, one of the pioneers in materials physics, winner of E.O. Lawrence Award, Advisor for Science and Technology of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.
*Wu Zhaohui (; 1966), computer scientist, educator, president and professor of Zhejiang University
Politicians
*Liu Bowen, Liu Ji (; 1311–1375), one of the greatest military strategists and statesmen in the history of China, founding father of
Ming Dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...
alongside founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, renowned as the Divine Chinese Nostradamus, author of Shaobing Song
*Huang Huai (; 1367–1449), Grand Secretariat of
Ming Dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...
*Zhang Cong (; 1475–1539), Ming Dynasty prime minister, reformer, founder of Ming Dynasty Revolution
*Dai Ren (; 1862–1937), revolutionist of Democracy in China, prominent politician during Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China, friend and partner of Sun Yat-sen
*Ruli Ing (; 1883–1940), former deputy minister of the Ministry of Finance of
Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
, grandfather of Nita Ing
*Yao Weixin (; 1889–1977), former head instructor of Republic of China Military Academy and national policy advisor to the president of
Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
*Lin Bin (; 1893–1958), former minister of the Ministry of Justice of
Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
*
Chen Cheng
Chen Cheng (; ; January 4, 1898 – March 5, 1965) was a Chinese political and military leader, and one of the main commanders of the National Revolutionary Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War.
After moving ...
(; 1897–1965), former Vice President of the Republic of China, Vice President and Premier of the Republic of China
*Ni Wenya (; 1902–2006), former president of the Legislative Yuan of
Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
*Xiang Changquan (; 1903–2000), former vice president of Department of Civil Affairs of Republic of China, former mayor of Taipei, father of
Wu-Chung Hsiang
Wu-Chung Hsiang (; born 12 June 1935 in Zhejiang) is a Chinese-American mathematician, specializing in topology. Hsiang served as chairman of the Department of Mathematics at Princeton University from 1982 to 1985 and was one of the most influenti ...
and Wu-Yi Hsiang
*Hu Xin (; 1914–2002), former chief aide-de-camp to the president of
Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
*
Wu Qidi
Wu Qidi (; born August 1947) is a Chinese people, Chinese politician and engineer. She is the president of the Shanghai Overseas Returned Scholars Association.
Education
Wu completed her undergraduate degree in Radio-frequency engineering, radio ...
(; born 1947), former vice prime minister of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, former president of
Tongji University
Tongji University () is a comprehensive public research university located in Shanghai. Established in 1907 by the German government together with German physicians in Shanghai, Tongji is one of the longest-standing, most selective, and most pr ...
, first collegiate president appointed through election in the history of China
*Chen Lizhong (; born 1921), former deputy director-general of National Police Agency (Taiwan), National Police Agency and president of Taiwan Police College
*Jean Ping (; born 1942), former Chairperson of the Commission of the African Union, former President of the United Nations General Assembly, son of
Wenzhounese
Wenzhounese (), also known as Oujiang (), Tong Au () or Au Nyü (), is the language spoken in Wenzhou, the southern prefecture of Zhejiang, China. Nicknamed the "Devil's Language" () for its complexity and difficulty, it is the most divergent div ...
businessman Cheng Zhiping
*Wu Se-hwa (; born 1955), former minister of Ministry of Education of
Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
*Yin Yicui (; born 1955), Chairwoman of Shanghai People's Congress from 2013 to 2020
*Li Qiang (politician, born 1959), Li Qiang (; born 1959), politician, CPC municipal committee secretary of
Shanghai
Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flow ...
, member of the 19th Central Committee
*Yi Huiman (; born 1964), chairman of China Securities Regulatory Commission, former chairman of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
*Fang Xinghai (; born 1964), vice-chairman of China Securities Regulatory Commission
Businesspeople
*Sheun Mingling (; born 1921), billionaire, founder of Evora SA, one of the world's biggest nonwoven manufacturer, biggest aluminum can manufacturer in Brazil
*Nina Wang (; 1937–2007), billionaire, businesswoman, former Asia and Hong Kong's richest woman, founder of Nina Tower, wife of Teddy Wang
*Kung Yan-sum (; born 1942), billionaire, brother of Nina Wang, chairman of Chinachem Group, one of the biggest property developers in Hong Kong
*Jason Chang (; born 1944), billionaire, founder and president of ASE Group, the world's largest provider of independent semiconductor manufacturing services
*Huang Jiannan (; born 1945), former chief fundraiser for Democratic National Committee in 1996
*Lin Jianhai (; born 1955), economist, secretary-general of International Monetary Fund
*Nita Ing (; born 1955), business magnate, billionaire, first lady of the construction business in Taiwan, president of Continental Engineering Corporation
*James Chu (; born 1957), founder and president of Viewsonic, world's first-ever manufacturer of Smart Display
*Jen-Hsun Huang (; born 1963), co-founder, president and CEO of Nvidia, founder of Jen-Hsun Huang Engineering Center of
Stanford University
Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is consider ...
*Wu Xiaohui (; born 1966), owner of Waldorf Astoria New York, founder and CEO of China's second-biggest insurance group, Anbang Insurance Group
Athletes
*Michelle Jin (; born 1974), professional bodybuilder.
*Xia Xuanze (; born 1979), former male badminton player. Badminton at the 2000 Summer Olympics bronze medalist. BWF World Championships gold medalist. Current men's singles coach for the national team of China.
*Ho-Pin Tung (; born 1982), first Formula 1 racer in the history of China.
*Zhu Qinan (; born 1984), Games of the XXVIII Olympiad Gold Medalist in sport shooting
*Xu Jiayu (; born 1995), competitive swimmer who specializes in the backstroke, 2016 Summer Olympics silver medalist. FINA World Aquatics Championships gold medalist. 6X Asian Games gold medalist. Current national record holder in backstroke races in all distances (50, 100, and 200 meters).
*Yao Junsheng (; born 1995), footballer who currently plays for Tianjin Tianhai F.C., Tianjin Tianhai and China national football team.
*Zhang Yuning (footballer, born 1997) (; born 1997), footballer who plays as a Striker (association football), striker for Beijing Guoan in the Chinese Super League and for the China national football team.
*Zheng Siwei (郑思维; born 1997), badminton player, three times BWF World Championships, World Champion, Badminton at the Asian Games, Asian Games gold medalist and Badminton at the 2020 Summer Olympics, Olympics silver medalist in the mixed doubles.
Others
*Yongjia Xuanjue (; 655–713), Chán master, Tiantai Buddhist monk, author of the Song of Enlightenment
*Miu Tianrui (; 1908–2009), pioneer of Musical temperament in China, "father of Music journalism" in China
*Zeng Liansong (; 1917–1999), creator of Flag of the People's Republic of China
*Nan Huai-Chin (; 1918–2012), spiritual teacher of contemporary China, the most important figure of Chinese Buddhism in modern China
*Wang Zhaofan (; born 1931), architect, one of the designers along with Minoru Yamasaki of original World Trade Center (1973–2001), World Trade Center
*Feng Zhenghu (; born 1954), economist, activist, reputed as the "prominent human rights defender" in China
*Zhou Yun (; born 1978), main actress in Let the Bullets Fly and The Assassin (2015 film), The Assassin
*Tang Wei (; born 1982), actress, main actress in Lust, Caution
*Sui He (; born 1989), Victoria's Secret fashion model, first Asian face of Shiseido, first Asian model to open a Ralph Lauren runway show
*Winwin (Dong Si Cheng) (; born 1997), known professionally as WINWIN (윈윈), is a lead dancer of K-pop group NCT (band) of SM Entertainment and WayV of Label V.
*Estelle Chen (Chen Yu) (; born 1998), Victoria's Secret fashion model, only Asian model in Dior Haute Couture 2015/2016
*Cai Xukun (蔡徐坤; born 1998), known professionally as KUN, is a Chinese solo artist and former member of C-pop group Nine Percent
*Justin (singer, born 2002) (Huang Ming Hao) (; born 2002), former member of Nine Percent and current member of C-pop group NEXT (Chinese band) also known as NEX7 under Yuehua Entertainment
*Wu Renhua, participant in and researcher on the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests
*Chen Xuedong (陈学冬; born 1990), also known as Cheney Chen, Chinese actor
*Zhou Lijie (周历杰; born 1997), Chinese actor
See also
*List of twin towns and sister cities in China
References
Sources
Economic profile for Wenzhou at Hong Kong Trade Development Council, HKTDC
* Nanlai Cao, Constructing China's Jerusalem: Christians, Power and Place in the City of Wenzhou, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2010, 232 pp.