An institute of technology (also referred to as: technological university, technical university, university of technology, technological educational institute, technical college, polytechnic university or just polytechnic) is an institution of

tertiary education Tertiary education, also referred to as third-level, third-stage or post-secondary education, is the educational level following the completion of secondary education. The World Bank, for example, defines tertiary education as including univers ...

(such as a

university A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...

college A college (Latin: ''collegium'') is an educational institution or a constituent part of one. A college may be a degree-awarding tertiary educational institution, a part of a collegiate or federal university, an institution offering ...

) that specializes in

engineering Engineering is the use of scientific method, scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad rang ...

technology Technology is the application of knowledge to reach practical goals in a specifiable and reproducible way. The word ''technology'' may also mean the product of such an endeavor. The use of technology is widely prevalent in medicine, science, ...

applied science Applied science is the use of the scientific method and knowledge obtained via conclusions from the method to attain practical goals. It includes a broad range of disciplines such as engineering and medicine. Applied science is often contrasted ...

, and

natural sciences Natural science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Mechanisms such as peer review and repeatab ...

Institutes of technology versus polytechnics

The institutes of technology and polytechnics have been in existence since at least the 18th century, but became popular after

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

with the expansion of engineering and applied science education, associated with the new needs created by

industrialization Industrialisation ( alternatively spelled industrialization) is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society. This involves an extensive re-organisation of an econo ...

. The world's first institution of technology, the Berg-Schola (today its legal successor is the University of Miskolc), was founded by the Court Chamber of Vienna in Selmecbánya,

Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen ...

(now

Banská Štiavnica Banská Štiavnica (; german: Schemnitz; hu, Selmecbánya (Selmec), ) is a town in central Slovakia, in the middle of an immense caldera created by the collapse of an ancient volcano. For its size, the caldera is known as the Štiavnica Mountain ...

, Slovakia), in 1735 in order to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining according to the requirements of the industrial revolution in Hungary. The oldest German Institute of Technology is the Braunschweig University of Technology, founded in 1745 as "Collegium Carolinum". Another exception is the ''

École Polytechnique École may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée) * École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France * École, Savoi ...

'', which has educated

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

''élites'' since its foundation in 1794. In some cases, polytechnics or institutes of technology are engineering schools or technical colleges. In several countries, like Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Turkey and Taiwan, institutes of technology are institutions of

higher education Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completi ...

and have been accredited to award academic degrees and doctorates. Famous examples are the Istanbul Technical University,

ETH Zurich (colloquially) , former_name = eidgenössische polytechnische Schule , image = ETHZ.JPG , image_size = , established = , type = Public , budget = CHF 1.896 billion (2021) , rector = Günther Dissertori , president = Joël Mesot , ac ...

, Delft University of Technology, RWTH Aachen and National Taiwan University of Science and Technology all considered universities. In countries like Iran, Finland, Malaysia, Portugal, Singapore or the United Kingdom, there is often a significant and confused distinction between polytechnics and universities. In the UK, a binary system of higher education emerged consisting of universities (research orientation) and polytechnics (engineering and applied science and professional practice orientation). Polytechnics offered university equivalent degrees mainly in

STEM Stem or STEM may refer to: Plant structures * Plant stem, a plant's aboveground axis, made of vascular tissue, off which leaves and flowers hang * Stipe (botany), a stalk to support some other structure * Stipe (mycology), the stem of a mushro ...

subjects from

bachelor's A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin ''baccalaureus'') or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin ''baccalaureatus'') is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to six ye ...

master's A master's degree (from Latin ) is an academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice.

and

PhD PHD or PhD may refer to: * Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), an academic qualification Entertainment * '' PhD: Phantasy Degree'', a Korean comic series * ''Piled Higher and Deeper'', a web comic * Ph.D. (band), a 1980s British group ** Ph.D. (Ph.D. albu ...

that were validated and governed at the national level by the independent UK Council for National Academic Awards. In 1992, UK polytechnics were designated as universities which meant they could award their own degrees. The CNAA was disbanded. The UK's first polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution (now the

University of Westminster , mottoeng = The Lord is our Strength , type = Public , established = 1838: Royal Polytechnic Institution 1891: Polytechnic-Regent Street 1970: Polytechnic of Central London 1992: University of Westminster , endowment = £5.1 million ...

), was founded in 1838 in Regent Street, London. In

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...

the term "institute of technology" is the more favored synonym of a " regional technical college" though the latter is the legally correct term; however, Dublin Institute of Technology is a university in all but name as it can confer degrees in accordance with law, Cork Institute of Technology and other Institutes of Technology have delegated authority from HETAC to make awards to and including master's degree level—Level 9 of the Republic of Ireland's National Framework for Qualifications (NFQ)—for all areas of study and Doctorate level in a number of others. In a number of countries, although being today generally considered similar institutions of higher learning across many countries, polytechnics and institutes of technology used to have a quite different statute among each other, its teaching competences and organizational history. In many cases, "polytechnic" were elite technological universities concentrating on applied science and engineering and may also be a former designation for a vocational institution, before it has been granted the exclusive right to award academic degrees and can be truly called an "institute of technology". A number of polytechnics providing higher education is simply a result of a formal upgrading from their original and historical role as intermediate technical education schools. In some situations, former polytechnics or other non-university institutions have emerged solely through an administrative change of statutes, which often included a name change with the introduction of new designations like "institute of technology", "polytechnic university", " university of applied sciences" or "university of technology" for marketing purposes. Such emergence of so many upgraded polytechnics, former vocational education and technical schools converted into more university-like institutions has caused concern where the lack of specialized intermediate technical professionals lead to industrial skill shortages in some fields, being also associated to an increase of the

graduate unemployment Graduate unemployment, or educated unemployment, is unemployment among people with an academic degree. Background Research undertaken proved that unemployment and underemployment of graduates are devastating phenomena in their lives. A high inc ...

rate. This is mostly the case in those countries, where the education system is not controlled by the state and any institution can grant degrees. Evidence have also shown a decline in the general quality of teaching and graduate's preparation for the workplace, due to the fast-paced conversion of that technical institutions to more advanced higher level institutions. Mentz, Kotze and Van der Merwe argue that all the tools are in place to promote the debate on the place of technology in higher education in general and in universities of technology specifically and they posit several questions for the debate.

Institutes by country

Argentina

In the so-called ''

Latin American docta The most important aspects of science and technology in Argentina are concerned with medicine, nuclear physics, biotechnology, nanotechnology, space and rocket technology and several fields related to the country's main economic activities. Accordi ...

'' the main higher institution advocates to the study of technology is the National Technological University which has brand ramifications through all the country geographic space in the way of ''Regional Faculties''. The Buenos Aires Institute of Technology (ITBA) is other important recognized institute of technology with renowned and prestige in the country.

Australia

;1970s–1990s During the 1970s to early 1990s, the term was used to describe state owned and funded technical schools that offered both vocational and higher education. They were part of the College of Advanced Education system. In the 1990s most of these merged with existing universities or formed new ones of their own. These new universities often took the title University of Technology, for marketing rather than legal purposes. AVCC report The most prominent such university in each state founded the

Australian Technology Network The Australian Technology Network (ATN) is a network of six Australian universities, with a strong history of innovation, enterprise and working closely with industry. ATN traces its origins back to 1975 as the Directors of Central Institutes of ...

a few years later. ;1990s–today Since the mid-1990s, the term has been applied to some technically minded

technical and further education Technical and further education or simply TAFE (), is the common name in English-speaking countries in Oceania for vocational education, as a subset of tertiary education. TAFE institutions provide a wide range of predominantly vocational cours ...

(TAFE) institutes. A recent example is the

Melbourne Polytechnic Melbourne Polytechnic, formerly NMIT, is an institute of higher education and vocational education (TAFE) located in Melbourne, Australia that has been operating since around 1910. In October 2014, the institute was renamed to Melbourne Polyt ...

rebranding and repositioning in 2014 from Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE. These primarily offer

vocational education Vocational education is education that prepares people to work as a technician or to take up employment in a skilled craft or trade as a tradesperson or artisan. Vocational Education can also be seen as that type of education given to an ind ...

, although some like Melbourne Polytechnic are expanding into higher education offering vocationally oriented applied bachelor's degrees. This usage of the term is most prevalent historically in NSW and the ACT. The new terminology is apt given that this category of institution are becoming very much like the institutes of the 1970s–1990s period. In 2009, the old college system in Tasmania and TAFE Tasmania have started a 3-year restructure to become the Tasmanian Polytechnic www.polytechnic.tas.edu.au, Tasmanian Skills Institute www.skillsinstitute.tas.edu.au and Tasmanian Academy www.academy.tas.edu.au In the higher education sector, there are seven designated universities of technology in Australia (though, note, not all use the phrase "university of technology", such as the Universities of Canberra and South Australia, which used to be Colleges of Advanced Education before transitioning into fully-fledged universities with the ability – most important of all – to confer doctorates): *

Curtin University Curtin University, formerly known as Curtin University of Technology and Western Australian Institute of Technology (WAIT), is an Australian public research university based in Bentley, Perth, Western Australia. It is named after John Curtin, ...

Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th ...

Queensland University of Technology Queensland University of Technology (QUT) is a public research university located in the urban coastal city of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. QUT is located on two campuses in the Brisbane area viz. Gardens Point and Kelvin Grove. The univ ...

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...

* Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Victoria *

Swinburne University of Technology Swinburne University of Technology (often simply called Swinburne) is a public research university based in Melbourne, Australia. It was founded in 1908 as the Eastern Suburbs Technical College by George Swinburne to serve those without access ...

, Victoria * University of Canberra,

Australian Capital Territory The Australian Capital Territory (commonly abbreviated as ACT), known as the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) until 1938, is a landlocked federal territory of Australia containing the national capital Canberra and some surrounding townships. ...

* University of South Australia,

South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories ...

University of Technology, Sydney The University of Technology Sydney (UTS) is a public research university located in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Although its origins are said to trace back to the 1830s, the university was founded in its current form in 1988. As of 2021 ...

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

Austria

;Universities of technology These institutions are entitled to confer

habilitation Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in many European countries. The candidate fulfills a university's set criteria of excellence in research, teaching and further education, usually including a ...

and

doctoral A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''li ...

degrees and focus on research. * Graz University of Technology (13,454 students, founded 1811, Hochschule since 1865, doctoral degrees since 1901, university since 1975) *

TU Wien TU Wien (TUW; german: Technische Universität Wien; still known in English as the Vienna University of Technology from 1975–2014) is one of the major universities in Vienna, Austria. The university finds high international and domestic recogn ...

(27,923 students, founded 1815, Hochschule since 1872, doctoral degrees since 1901, university since 1975) * University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna focused on agriculture (12,500 students, founded as Hochschule in 1872, doctoral degrees since 1906, university since 1975) * University of Leoben specialized in mining, metallurgy and materials (4,030 students, founded 1840, Hochschule since 1904, doctoral degrees since 1906, university since 1975) ;Research institutions These institutions focus only on research. * Austrian Institute of Technology (founded 1956) *

Institute of Science and Technology Austria The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) is an international research institute in natural and mathematical sciences, located in Maria Gugging, Klosterneuburg, 20 km northwest of the Austrian capital of Vienna. It was establish ...

(founded 2007) ;Technical faculties at universities Several universities have faculties of technology that are entitled to confer habilitation and doctoral degrees and which focus on research. *

Johannes Kepler University Linz The Johannes Kepler University Linz (German: ''Johannes Kepler Universität Linz'', short: ''JKU'') is a public institution of higher education in Austria. It is located in Linz, the capital of Upper Austria. It offers bachelor's, master's, d ...

(Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences founded 1965, university since 1975) *

University of Innsbruck The University of Innsbruck (german: Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck; la, Universitas Leopoldino Franciscea) is a public research university in Innsbruck, the capital of the Austrian federal state of Tyrol, founded on October 15, 1669. ...

(Faculty of Civil Engineering founded 1969) * Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt (Faculty of Technical Sciences founded 2007) ;Fachhochschulen

Fachhochschule A ''Fachhochschule'' (; plural ''Fachhochschulen''), abbreviated FH, is a university of applied sciences (UAS), in other words a German tertiary education institution that provides professional education in many applied sciences and applied arts ...

is a German type of tertiary education institution and adopted later in Austria and Switzerland. They do not focus exclusively on technology, but may also offer courses in social science, medicine, business and design. They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees and focus more on teaching than research and more on specific professions than on science. In 2010, there were 20 Fachhochschulen in Austria

Bangladesh

There are some public engineering universities in

Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...

: * Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) * Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET). Formerly known as Bangladesh Institute of Technology, Chittagong. *

Khulna University of Engineering and Technology Khulna University of Engineering & Technology ( bn, খুলনা প্রকৌশল ও প্রযুক্তি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, ) commonly known as KUET (; bn, কুয়েট), formerly BIT, Khulna, is a ...

(KUET). Formerly known as Bangladesh Institute of Technology,

Khulna Khulna ( bn, খুলনা, ) is the third-largest city in Bangladesh, after Dhaka and Chittagong. It is the administrative centre of Khulna District and Khulna Division. Khulna's economy is the third-largest in Bangladesh, contributing $53 b ...

Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, commonly known as RUET (রুয়েট), is a PhD granting public research university in Bangladesh. It is one of the oldest public universities in the country that specialises in the field of ...

(RUET). Formerly known as Bangladesh Institute of Technology, Rajshahi. *

Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur ( bn, ঢাকা প্রকৌশল ও প্রযুক্তি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, গাজীপুর ) or DUET is a public university in Gazipur, Banglad ...

(DUET). Formerly known as Bangladesh Institute of Technology,

Dhaka Dhaka ( or ; bn, ঢাকা, Ḍhākā, ), formerly known as Dacca, is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh, as well as the world's largest Bengali-speaking city. It is the eighth largest and sixth most densely populated city ...

. There are some general, technological and specialized universities in Bangladesh offer engineering programs: * University of Chittagong. Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Engineering and Technology. *

University of Dhaka The University of Dhaka (also known as Dhaka University, or DU) is a public research university located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is the oldest university in Bangladesh. The university opened its doors to students on July 1st 1921. Currently i ...

. Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Engineering and Technology. *

University of Khulna Khulna University ( bn, খুলনা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়) is a public university in Gollamari, Khulna, Bangladesh. It is near the river Moyur, beside the Sher e Bangla Road (Khulna-Satkhira highway). The academic progra ...

. Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology. * University of Rajshahi. Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Engineering and Technology. *

Islamic University, Bangladesh Islamic University, Bangladesh ( bn, ইসলামী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, বাংলাদেশ, ar, الجامعة الإسلامية بنغلاديش), commonly referred to as Islamic University, Kushtia shortly IU, ...

(IU). Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Applied Science and Technology. *

Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST) is a Public university, public research university, research based university in Sylhet, Bangladesh. It is the List of universities in Bangladesh#Public universities, 8th oldest university o ...

. Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Applied Science and Technology. * Bangladesh University of Textiles (BUTEX). Specialized institution that offers various engineering programs with its interdisciplinary curricula. There are some private engineering universities in Bangladesh: * Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST) *

Military Institute of Science and Technology Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST) ( bn, মিলিটারি ইনস্টিটিউট অফ সায়েন্স অ্যান্ড টেকনোলজি) is a prestigious public engineering university in Ba ...

(MIST) There is only one international engineering university in Bangladesh: * Islamic University of Technology (IUT) There are numerous private and other universities as well as science and technology universities providing engineering education. Most prominent are: *

American International University-Bangladesh American International University-Bangladesh ( bn, আমেরিকান ইন্টারন্যাশনাল ইউনিভার্সিটি-বাংলাদেশ), commonly known by its acronym AIUB, is accredited and one of ...

Bangladesh University of Business and Technology Bangladesh University of Business and Technology ( bn, বাংলাদেশ ইউনিভার্সিটি অব বিজনেস অ্যান্ড টেকনোলজি) or BUBT is a private university in Bangladesh, located ...

. Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Engineering and Technology. * North South University *

International Islamic University Chittagong The International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC) ( bn, আন্তর্জাতিক ইসলামী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় চট্টগ্রাম) is a private university in Bangladesh. It was founded in 199 ...

* East West University * BRAC University *

Independent University, Bangladesh Independent University, Bangladesh ( bn, ইন্ডিপেন্ডেন্ট বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়) or IUB is a one of the well renowned, prestigious and popular private university in Bangladesh. It is located in Bas ...

European University of Bangladesh The European University of Bangladesh ( bn, ইউরোপিয়ান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়) or EUB is a private university located at Dhaka, Bangladesh. The university was established in 2012 under the Private Universit ...

There are numerous government-funded as well as private polytechnic institutes, engineering colleges and science and technology institutes providing engineering education. Most prominent are: * Bangladesh Institute of Glass and Ceramics *

Dhaka Polytechnic Institute Dhaka Polytechnic Institute ( bn, ঢাকা পলিটেকনিক ইনস্টিটিউট, also known as DPI) is a government technical institute in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is the largest and the oldest polytechnic academia in moder ...

Chittagong Polytechnic Institute Chittagong Polytechnic Institute ( bn, চট্টগ্রাম পলিটেকনিক ইনস্টিটিউট), is a government technical institution located in the port city of Chittagong, Bangladesh. It provides theoretical and ...

Bangladesh Survey Institute The Bangladesh Technical Education Board is a state regulatory board responsible for monitoring and developing technical and vocational education in the secondary level (SSC), 2-year higher secondary level (HSC/Vocational), 4-year Diploma in Engin ...

Govt. Arts Graphics Institute Graphic Arts Institute is a historic public arts institute in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is the only public institute of printing and design in Bangladesh. History Graphic Arts Institute was established in 1967 in Dhaka, East Pakistan East Pakist ...

Bangladesh Institute of Marine Technology Bangladesh Institute of Marine Technology (BIMT), in Narayanganj, is a state-supported institute that offers four-year higher level diploma programs, including a Diploma in Engineering Marine Technology and a Diploma in Engineering Shipbuilding ...

Mymensingh Engineering College Mymensingh Engineering College ( bn, ময়মনসিংহ ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং কলেজ), commonly referred to as MEC, is a fully public undergraduate engineering college in Mymensingh Division, Bangladesh, and was e ...

Narayangonj Technical School and College Narayanganj Sadar ( bn, নারায়নগঞ্জ) is an upazila of Narayanganj District in the Division of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Geography Narayanganj Sadar is located at . It has 113635 households and total area 100.75 km2. Demograph ...

Belarus

* Belarusian National Technical University (BNTU) ( Minsk, Belarus) *

Belarusian State Technological University Belarusian State Technological University (russian: Белорусский государственный технологический университет; be, Беларускі Дзяржаўны Тэхналагічны Універсі� ...

( Minsk, Belarus) *

Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics The Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, also known as BSUIR ( be, Беларускі дзяржаўны ўніверсітэт інфарматыкі і радыёэлектронікі), is a public Higher Education ...

( Minsk, Belarus) *

Brest State Technical University Brest State Technical University s situated in Brest, Belarus. It began as Brest State Civil Engineering Institute on April 1, 1966, that was reorganized into Brest State Polytechnic Institute in 1989 and eventually into a university in 2000. ...

(

Brest, Belarus Brest ( be, Брэст / Берасьце, Bieraście, ; russian: Брест, ; uk, Берестя, Berestia; lt, Brasta; pl, Brześć; yi, בריסק, Brisk), formerly Brest-Litovsk (russian: Брест-Литовск, lit=Lithuanian Br ...

) *

Pavel Sukhoi State Technical University of Gomel Pavel Sukhoi State Technical University of Gomel is a university in Gomel, Belarus. The university is named after Pavel Sukhoi Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi (russian: Па́вел О́сипович Сухо́й; be, Па́вел Во́сіпаві� ...

(

Gomel, Belarus Gomel (russian: Гомель, ) or Homiel ( be, Гомель, ) is the administrative centre of Gomel Region and the second-largest city in Belarus with 526,872 inhabitants (2015 census). Etymology There are at least six narratives of the ori ...

) *

Vitebsk State Technological University Vitebsk State Technological University (VSTU) is a technological university located in Vitebsk, Belarus Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республ ...

(

Vitebsk, Belarus Vitebsk or Viciebsk (russian: Витебск, ; be, Ві́цебск, ; , ''Vitebsk'', lt, Vitebskas, pl, Witebsk), is a city in Belarus. The capital of the Vitebsk Region, it has 366,299 inhabitants, making it the country's fourth-largest ci ...

)

Belgium and the Netherlands

In the Netherlands, there are four technical universities, jointly known as 4TU: * Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) *

Eindhoven University of Technology The Eindhoven University of Technology ( nl, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven), abbr. TU/e, is a public technical university in the Netherlands, located in the city of Eindhoven. In 2020–21, around 14,000 students were enrolled in its BSc a ...

(TU Eindhoven) * Universiteit Twente (U Twente) * Wageningen University (Wageningen U) In

Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to th ...

and in the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

, ''Hogescholen'' or ''Hautes écoles'' (also translated into ''colleges'', ''university colleges'' or ''universities of applied science'') are applied institutes of higher education that do not award doctorates and do not focus on research but some research does happen. They are generally limited to Bachelor-level education, with degrees called professional bachelors, and only minor Master's programmes. The hogeschool thus has many similarities to the ''Fachhochschule'' in the German language areas and to the ''ammattikorkeakoulu'' in Finland. A list of all ''hogescholen'' in the Netherlands, including some which might be called polytechnics, can be found at the end of this list.

Brazil

''Federal:'' * Federal Centers for Technological Education (CEFET) ** CEFET of Minas Gerais ** CEFET of Rio de Janeiro *

Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (in Portuguese: ''Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia'', IFET) is a Brazilian institution of higher education with a number of campuses around Brazil. Comprising Brazil's F ...

(IFET) ** Federal Institute of Bahia **

Federal Institute of São Paulo The Federal Institute of São Paulo (Portuguese language, Portuguese: ''Instituto Federal de São Paulo'', IFSP), or in full: Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo (Portuguese: ''Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciê ...

* Federal Technological University of Paraná ''Service academy:'' * Instituto Militar de Engenharia *

Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica The ''Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica'' (ITA; en, Aeronautics Institute of Technology) is an institution of higher education maintained by the Brazilian Air Force and is located in São José dos Campos, Brazil. ITA is consistently ran ...

''Private:'' * Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicações – Inatel ''State:'' * Sao Paulo State Technological College

Bulgaria

* Technical University of Gabrovo *

Technical University of Sofia The Technical University of Sofia ( bg, Технически университет - София) is Bulgaria's largest and foremost academic establishment for higher engineering education. The university is a state-owned entity with academic self- ...

Technical University of Varna The Technical University of Varna ( bg, Технически университет – Варна, often abbreviated as ТУ – Варна, TU – Varna) is a state university in Varna, Bulgaria, founded in 1962. History Technical faculty ...

* University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy

Cambodia

In Cambodia, there are institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes and Universities that offer instruction in a variety of programs that can lead to: certificates, diplomas and degrees. Institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes and universities tend to be independent institutions. ;Institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes * Institute of Technology of Cambodia (ITC) or Institute of Technology of Cambodia or Institut de Technologie du Cambodge (polytechnic institute in

Phnom Penh, Cambodia Phnom Penh (; km, ភ្នំពេញ, ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Cambodia, most populous city of Cambodia. It has been the national capital since the French protectorate of Cambodia and has grown to become ...

) *

Phnom Penh Institute of Technology The Phnom Penh Institute of Technology (PPIT; km, វិទ្យាស្ថានបច្ចេកវិទ្យាភ្នំពេញ) is a national top-tier research university in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. PPIT is the largest private institu ...

(PPIT) or

(polytechnic institute in

) ;Universities * RUPP or Royal Université de Phnom Penh (polytechnic university in

)

Canada

In Canada, there are affiliate schools, colleges, institutes of technology / polytechnic institutes and universities that offer instruction in a variety of programs that can lead to engineering and applied science degrees, apprenticeship and trade programs, certificates and diplomas. Affiliate schools are polytechnic divisions belonging to a national university and offer select technical and engineering programs. Colleges, institutes of technology / polytechnic institutes and universities tend to be independent institutions. Credentials are typically conferred at the undergraduate level; however, university-affiliated schools like the École de technologie supérieure and the École Polytechnique de Montréal (both of which are located in Quebec), also offer graduate and postgraduate programs, in accordance with provincial higher education guidelines. Canadian higher education institutions, at all levels, undertake directed and applied research with financing allocated through public funding, private equity or industry sources. Some of Canada's most esteemed colleges and polytechnic institutions also partake in collaborative institute-industry projects, leading to technology commercialization, made possible through the scope of

Polytechnics Canada Polytechnics Canada is a national non-profit association representing 13 leading research-intensive, publicly funded polytechnics, colleges and institutes of technology. Located in Canada’s key economic regions, the members of Polytechnics ...

, a national alliance of eleven leading research-intensive colleges and institutes of technology. ;Affiliate schools *

École de technologie supérieure École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS) is a public engineering faculty in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1974, the École de technologie supérieure is a constituent of Université du Québec system. Specialized in applied teaching in ...

(ETS) or

(technical school part of the Université du Québec system in Montreal, Quebec) *

École Polytechnique de Montréal École may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée) * École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France * École, Savoi ...

(polytechnic school affiliated with the

Université de Montréal The Université de Montréal (UdeM; ; translates to University of Montreal) is a French-language public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The university's main campus is located in the Côte-des-Neiges neighborhood of Côte-de ...

in Montreal, Quebec) ;Colleges *

Algonquin College Algonquin College of Applied Arts and Technology is a publicly funded English-language college located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The college serves the National Capital Region and the outlying areas of Eastern Ontario, Western Quebec, and Upst ...

( Ottawa, Ontario) *

Conestoga College Conestoga College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning is a public college located in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada. Established in 1967, Conestoga serves approximately 23,000 registered students through campuses and training centres in ...

(

Kitchener, Ontario ) , image_flag = Flag of Kitchener, Ontario.svg , image_seal = Seal of Kitchener, Canada.svg , image_shield=Coat of arms of Kitchener, Canada.svg , image_blank_emblem = Logo of Kitchener, Ontario.svg , blank_emblem_type = ...

) *

George Brown College George Brown College is a public, fully accredited college of applied arts and technology with three campuses in downtown Toronto (Ontario, Canada). Like many other colleges in Ontario, GBC was chartered in 1966 by the government of Ontario and ...

(

Toronto, Ontario Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the ancho ...

) *

Humber College The Humber College Institute of Technology & Advanced Learning, commonly known as Humber College, is a public College of Applied Arts and Technology in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1967, Humber has two main campuses: the Humber North c ...

(Toronto) * Red River College (college in

Winnipeg, Manitoba Winnipeg () is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, near the longitudinal centre of North America. , Winnipeg had a city population of 749,6 ...

, offering degrees) *

Seneca College of Applied Arts and Technology Seneca College of Applied Arts and Technology is a multiple-campus public college in the Greater Toronto Area, and Peterborough, Ontario, Canada regions. It offers full-time and part-time programs at the baccalaureate, diploma, certificate and ...

(Toronto) *

St. Clair College St. Clair College of Applied Arts and Technology is a college in the Southwestern Ontario counties of Essex and Chatham-Kent. Campus Its main administration and largest campus sites are in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. In addition, other campuses ...

(Windsor) ;Institutes of technology / polytechnic institutes * British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT; polytechnic institute in Burnaby, British Columbia) * Kwantlen Polytechnic University (polytechnic university in

Surrey, British Columbia Surrey is a city in British Columbia, Canada. It is located south of the Fraser River on the Canada–United States border. It is a member municipality of the Metro Vancouver regional district and metropolitan area. Mainly a suburban city, Surr ...

) *

Northern Alberta Institute of Technology The Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT) is a applied sciences institute in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. NAIT provides careers programs in applied research, technical training, applied education, and learning designed to meet the deman ...

(NAIT; polytechnic institute in Edmonton, Alberta) *

Toronto Metropolitan University Toronto Metropolitan University (TMU or Toronto Met) is a public university, public research university located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The university's core campus is situated within the Garden District, Toronto, Garden District, although i ...

(formerly Ryerson Polytechnical Institute, university in

) – The former Ryerson University was one of the originators of applied education in Ontario and Canada. It dropped the term "polytechnic" in 1993 when it was able to grant master's and doctoral degrees, using the term "university" instead and changed the name of some degree designations to bring it in line with other traditional research universities. * Saskatchewan Polytechnic, formerly SIAST (polytechnic institute; multiple campuses with headquarters in

Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Saskatoon () is the largest city in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It straddles a bend in the South Saskatchewan River in the central region of the province. It is located along the Trans-Canada Yellowhead Highway, and has served as t ...

) * Sheridan College (polytechnic institute in

Oakville, Ontario Oakville is a town in Regional Municipality of Halton, Halton Region, Ontario, Canada. It is located on Lake Ontario between Toronto and Hamilton, Ontario, Hamilton. At its Canada 2021 Census, 2021 census population of 213,759, it is List of tow ...

) * Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (SAIT; polytechnic institute in Calgary, Alberta) * University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT; university in

Oshawa, Ontario Oshawa ( , also ; 2021 population 175,383; CMA 415,311) is a city in Ontario, Canada, on the Lake Ontario shoreline. It lies in Southern Ontario, approximately east of Downtown Toronto. It is commonly viewed as the eastern anchor of the G ...

)

China

China's modern higher education began in 1895 with the Imperial Tientsin University which was a polytechnic plus a law department. Liberal arts were not offered until three years later at Capital University. To this day, about half of China's elite universities remain essentially polytechnical.

Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Institute of Technology (; abbreviation: HIT or ) is a public research university and a member of China's elite C9 League and a member of the University Alliance of the Silk Road. HIT is a Chinese Ministry of Education Class A Doubl ...

is among the best engineering school in China and the world.

Chile

Federico Santa María Technical University The Federico Santa María Technical University ( es, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, UTFSM, or simply Santa Maria University) is a Chilean university member of the Rector's Council, founded in 1926 in Valparaíso, Chile. The univers ...

(UTFSM), currently the only active technical university / Intitute of technology in Chile, founded initially in 1931 as School of Crafts and Arts and School of Engineering José Miguel Carrera, 18,000 students

Costa Rica

* The National Technical University (UTN) founded in 2008 by merging several trade and craftsmanship schools, it is a polytechnic. * The

Costa Rica Institute of Technology The Costa Rica Institute of Technology (TEC) ( es, Tecnológico de Costa Rica) is a university in Costa Rica specializing in engineering and advanced science and research, modeled as an institute of technology. Its main campus is located in the Du ...

(TEC) was founded in 1971, has its main campus located in the

Cartago province Cartago (), which means Carthage in Spanish, is a province of central Costa Rica. It is one of the smallest provinces, however probably the richest of the Spanish Colonial era sites and traditions. Geography It is located in the central part ...

, it is an institute of technology.

Croatia

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

there are many polytechnic institutes and colleges that offer a polytechnic education. The law about polytechnic education in Croatia was passed in 1997.

Czech Republic

;Technical universities CTU founding decree

Brno University of Technology Brno University of Technology (abbreviated: ''BUT''; in Czech: Vysoké učení technické v Brně – Czech abbreviation: ''VUT'') is a university located in Brno, Czech Republic. Being founded in 1899 and initially offering a single course ...

(VUT), founded in 1899, 24,000 students * Collegium Nobilium in Olomouc, 1725–1847 *

Czech Technical University in Prague Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU, cs, České vysoké učení technické v Praze, ČVUT) is one of the largest university, universities in the Czech Republic with 8 faculties, and is one of the oldest institutes of technology in Centra ...

(ČVUT), college founded in 1707, university since 1806, 23,000 students, belongs to the oldest technical universities in the world *

Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU; ( cs, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze), ČZU; also Czech University of Agriculture in Prague) is a university of agricultural education and research in Prague, the Czech Republic, establish ...

(ČZU), founded in 1904, focused on agriculture, 18,000 students * Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague (VŠCHT), founded in 1952, 3,000 student *

Mendel University Brno Mendel University in Brno is located in Brno, Czech Republic. It was founded on 24 July 1919 on the basis of the former Tábor Academy. It now consists of five faculties and one institute - the Faculty of AgriSciences, Faculty of Forestry and Wo ...

(MENDELU), founded in 1919, focused on agriculture, 9,000 students *

Technical University of Liberec The Technical University of Liberec is a university in the city of Liberec, Czech Republic. The university has undergone great transformation in its over sixty-year history. When it was founded, it was called the Institute of Mechanical Engineering ...

(TUL), founded in 1953, 8,000 students *

Technical University of Ostrava Technical may refer to: * Technical (vehicle), an improvised fighting vehicle * Technical analysis, a discipline for forecasting the future direction of prices through the study of past market data * Technical drawing, showing how something is co ...

(VŠB TUO), founded in 1849, 22,000 students * Tomáš Baťa University in Zlín (UTB), founded in 2000, 10,000 students ;Research institutions * Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (AV ČR), dates back to 1784, 14,000 research staff altogether ;Technical faculties at universities *

Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem ( cs, Univerzita Jana Evangelisty Purkyně v Ústí nad Labem, abbreviated as UJEP) is a public university in Ústí nad Labem in the Czech Republic. The institution was established on 28 Se ...

(Faculty of Production Technology and Management, University founded in 1991) *

University of Pardubice University of Pardubice ( or UPA) is a university in Pardubice, the Czech Republic. In 2021 it had nearly 8,000 students. It is the only university in Pardubice Region. History In the aftermath of the World War II, chemical factories in the city a ...

(Faculty of Chemical Technology since 1950, Jan Perner Faculty of Transportation since 1991, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Informatics since 2002) * University of West Bohemia (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering; University founded in 1991)

Denmark

Technical University of Denmark The Technical University of Denmark ( da, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet), often simply referred to as DTU, is a polytechnic university and school of engineering. It was founded in 1829 at the initiative of Hans Christian Ørsted as Denmark's fi ...

, founded in 1829 by

Hans Christian Ørsted Hans Christian Ørsted ( , ; often rendered Oersted in English; 14 August 17779 March 1851) was a Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity ...

Dominican Republic

Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo —or Santo Domingo Institute of Technology (also known as INTEC), is a private university located in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. It was founded on October 9, 1972, by a group of connoted professional ...

* Universidad Tecnológica de Santiago

Ecuador

National Polytechnic School The National Polytechnic School (Spanish: ''Escuela Politécnica Nacional''), also known as EPN, is a public university in Quito, Ecuador. The campus, called "José Rubén Orellana", is located at the sector center-oriental of Quito. It occupi ...

(EPN), National Polytechnic School,

Quito Quito (; qu, Kitu), formally San Francisco de Quito, is the capital and largest city of Ecuador, with an estimated population of 2.8 million in its urban area. It is also the capital of the province of Pichincha. Quito is located in a valley o ...

Ecuador Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ''Eku ...

EPN is known for research and education in the applied science,

astronomy Astronomy () is a natural science that studies astronomical object, celestial objects and phenomena. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and chronology of the Universe, evolution. Objects of interest ...

, atmospheric physics, engineering and

physical sciences Physical science is a branch of natural science that studies non-living systems, in contrast to life science. It in turn has many branches, each referred to as a "physical science", together called the "physical sciences". Definition Phy ...

. The

Geophysics Geophysics () is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. The term ''geophysics'' som ...

Institute monitors the country's seismic,

tectonic Tectonics (; ) are the processes that control the structure and properties of the Earth's crust and its evolution through time. These include the processes of mountain building, the growth and behavior of the strong, old cores of continents k ...

and

volcanic A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates a ...

activity in the continental territory and in the

Galápagos Islands The Galápagos Islands (Spanish: , , ) are an archipelago of volcanic islands. They are distributed on each side of the equator in the Pacific Ocean, surrounding the centre of the Western Hemisphere, and are part of the Republic of Ecuador ...

. One of the oldest observatories in

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...

is the

Quito Astronomical Observatory The Quito Astronomical Observatory ( es, Observatorio Astronómico de Quito – OAQ) is a research institute of EPN, the National Polytechnic School in Quito, Ecuador. Its major research fields are astronomy and atmospheric physics. The Quito As ...

. It was founded in 1873 and is located 12 minutes south of the

Equator The equator is a circle of latitude, about in circumference, that divides Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres. It is an imaginary line located at 0 degrees latitude, halfway between the North and South poles. The term can als ...

in Quito, Ecuador. The Quito Astronomical Observatory is the National Observatory of Ecuador and is located in the Historic Center of Quito and is managed by the National Polytechnic School. The Nuclear Science Department at EPN is the only one in Ecuador and has the large infrastructure, related to irradiation facilities like

cobalt-60 Cobalt-60 (60Co) is a synthetic radioactive isotope of cobalt with a half-life of 5.2713 years. It is produced artificially in nuclear reactors. Deliberate industrial production depends on neutron activation of bulk samples of the monoisoto ...

source and electron beam processing.

Egypt

* Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology (AIET) *

Higher Technological Institute Higher Technological Institute is the first private technological institute in Egypt. It is a co-educational, land-grant, space-grant, research university located in 10th of Ramadan City. It is considered one of the top engineering institutions ...

* Institute of Aviation Engineering and Technology

Estonia

Tallinn University of Technology Established in 1918, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech; et, Tallinna Tehnikaülikool) is the only technical university in Estonia. TalTech, in the capital city of Tallinn, is a university for engineering, business, public administratio ...

(TalTech), a public research university * Tallinn University of Applied Sciences, a public vocational university * Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences, a private institution in Tallinn

Finland

;Universities of technology Universities of technology are categorised as universities, are allowed to grant B.Sc. (Tech.), Diplomi-insinööri M.Sc. (Tech.), Lic.Sc. (Tech.), Ph.D. and D.Sc. (Tech.) degrees and roughly correspond to Instituts de technologie of French-speaking areas and Technische Universität of Germany in prestige. In addition to universities of technology, some universities, e.g. University of Oulu and Åbo Akademi University, are allowed to grant the B.Sc. (tech.), M.Sc. (tech.) and D.Sc. (Tech.) degrees. Universities of technology are academically similar to other (non-polytechnic) universities. Prior to Bologna process, M.Sc. (Tech.) required 180 credits, whereas M.Sc. from a normal university required 160 credits. The credits between universities of technology and normal universities are comparable. Some Finnish universities of technology are: * Aalto University formed from Helsinki University of Technology and other universities *

Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT LUT University ('' English:'' Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT) (''Finnish'': Lappeenrannan-Lahden Teknillinen Yliopisto LUT) is a Finnish public research university which was established in 1969. The university's Lappeenranta campu ...

;Polytechnics Polytechnic schools are distinct from academic universities in Finland. ''

Ammattikorkeakoulu An ammattikorkeakoulu (yrkeshögskola in Swedish, polytechnic or university of applied sciences in English), abbreviated ''AMK'', is a Finnish institution of higher education. The term literally means "school of higher vocational education". Alt ...

'' is the common term in

Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...

, as is the Swedish alternative "''yrkeshögskola''" – their focus is on studies leading to a degree (for instance ''insinööri'', engineer; in international use, Bachelor of Engineering) in kind different from but in level comparable to an academic bachelor's degree awarded by a university. Since 2006 the polytechnics have offered studies leading to master's degrees (Master of Engineering). After January 1, 2006, some Finnish ammattikorkeakoulus switched the English term "polytechnic" to the term "university of applied sciences" in the English translations of their legal names. The ammattikorkeakoulu has many similarities to the ''hogeschool'' in Belgium and in the Netherlands and to the ''Fachhochschule'' in the German language areas. Some recognized Finnish polytechnics are: *

Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences Metropolia University of Applied Sciences ( fi, Metropolia Ammattikorkeakoulu) is the largest University of Applied Sciences in Finland situated in Helsinki metropolitan area. The university has four fields of study: culture, business, health care ...

* Lapland University of Applied Sciences *

Tampere University of Applied Sciences Tampere University of Applied Sciences ( fi, Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu, TAMK) is a university of applied sciences (a polytechnic) in the region of Pirkanmaa, Finland. Together with Tampere University, TAMK constitutes the Tampere higher edu ...

Turku University of Applied Sciences Turku University of Applied Sciences (abbr. ''TUAS'', Finnish ''Turun ammattikorkeakoulu'') is a multidisciplinary higher education institution, located in the city of Turku and Salo ithe Southwest Finland The institute began operations as a tem ...

A complete list may be found in List of polytechnics in Finland.

France and Francophone regions

;Instituts de technologie (grandes écoles)

Collegiate universities A collegiate university is a university in which functions are divided between a central administration and a number of constituent colleges. Historically, the first collegiate university was the University of Paris and its first college was the C ...

grouping several engineering schools or multi-site clusters of French

grandes écoles Grandes may refer to: * Agustín Muñoz Grandes, Spanish general and politician *Banksia ser. Grandes, a series of plant species native to Australia * Grandes y San Martín, a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain ...

provide sciences and technology curricula as autonomous higher education engineering institutes. They include: * Arts et Métiers ParisTech *

Centrale Graduate School The Ecoles Centrales Group is an alliance, consisting of following grandes écoles of engineering: * CentraleSupélec (formed by merger of École Centrale Paris and Supélec) established in 2015 * École centrale de Lille established in 1854 * � ...

Grenoble Institute of Technology The Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP) (''Institut polytechnique de Grenoble'', ''Groupe Grenoble INP'' and before INPG) is a French technological university system consisting of eight engineering and management schools. Grenoble INP ...

Institut national des sciences appliquées An institute is an organisational body created for a certain purpose. They are often research organisations (research institutes) created to do research on specific topics, or can also be a professional body. In some countries, institutes can ...

* Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace * Paris Institute of Technology * ESTIA Institute of Technology They provide science and technology master's degrees and doctoral degrees. ;''Universités technologiques / instituts universitaires de technologie'' / polytechs The universities of technology () are public institutions awarding degrees and diplomas that are accredited by the

French Ministry of Higher Education and Research The Minister of Higher Education and Research (formerly Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation or ) is a cabinet position in the French Government overseeing university-level education and research. The ministry is headquartere ...

. Although called "universities", the universities of technology are in fact non-university institutes (''écoles extérieures aux universités''), as defined by Chapter I, Section II (Articles 34 through 36) of French law 84-52 of 26 January 1984 regarding higher education (the ''loi Savary''). They possess the advantage of combining all the assets of the engineering Grandes Écoles and those of universities as they develop simultaneously and coherently three missions:

Education Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty. Va ...

Research Research is "creativity, creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge". It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular att ...

Transfer of technology Technology transfer (TT), also called transfer of technology (TOT), is the process of transferring (disseminating) technology from the person or organization that owns or holds it to another person or organization, in an attempt to transform invent ...

. They maintain close links with the industrial world both on national and international levels and they are reputed for their ability to innovate, adapt and provide an education that matches the ever-changing demands of industry. This network includes three institutions: * The University of Technology of Belfort-Montbéliard (''Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard'' or UTBM) * The University of Technology of Compiègne (''Université de Technologie de Compiègne'' or UTC) * The University of Technology of Troyes (''Université de Technologie de Troyes'' or UTT) In addition, France's education system includes many institutes of technology, embedded within most French universities. They are referred-to as ''

institut universitaire de technologie The University Institutes of Technology or IUT (french: Instituts Universitaires de Technologie) are parts of the university system in France. The IUT were created in 1966. There are 108 IUTs which are attached to 80 universities including the on ...

'' (IUT). Instituts universitaires de technologie provide undergraduate technology curricula. 'Polytech institutes', embedded as a part of eleven French universities provide both undergraduate and graduate engineering curricula. In the French-speaking part of Switzerland exists also the term ''haute école specialisée'' for a type of institution called ''Fachhochschule'' in the German-speaking part of the country. (see below). ;Écoles polytechniques Higher education systems, that are influenced by the French education system set at the end of the 18th century, use a terminology derived by reference to the French ''

École polytechnique École may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée) * École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France * École, Savoi ...

''. Such terms include ''Écoles Polytechniques'' (Algeria, Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland, Tunisia), Escola Politécnica (Brasil, Spain), Polytechnicum (Eastern Europe). In

French language French ( or ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the Latin spoken in Gaul, and more specifically in Nor ...

, higher education refers to ''écoles polytechniques'', providing science and engineering curricula: *

or X (near

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

) * École polytechnique de Bruxelles *

École polytechnique de Montréal École may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée) * École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France * École, Savoi ...

École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne École may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée) * École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France * École, Savoi ...

National Polytechnic Institute of Lorraine National Polytechnic Institute of Lorraine (l'Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine or Lorraine INP), based in Nancy, is a French technological university system. It is under the Academy of Nancy and Metz. INPL is a part of the University ...

* National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse

Germany

;Fachhochschule ''Fachhochschulen'' were first founded in the early 1970s. They do not focus exclusively on technology, but may also offer courses in social science, medicine, business and design. They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees and focus more on teaching than research and more on specific professions than on science. In 2009/10, there existed about 200 ''Fachhochschulen'' in Germany. See the

German Wikipedia The German Wikipedia (german: Deutschsprachige Wikipedia) is the German-language edition of Wikipedia, a free and publicly editable online encyclopedia. Founded on March 16, 2001, it is the second-oldest Wikipedia (after the English Wikipedia), ...

for a list. ;Technische Universität ''Technische Universität'' (abbreviation: ''TU'') is the common term for universities of technology or technical university. These institutions can grant habilitation and doctoral degrees and focus on research. The nine largest and most renowned ''Technische Universitäten'' in Germany have formed TU9 German Institutes of Technology as community of interests. Technische Universitäten normally have faculties or departements of natural sciences and often of economics but can also have units of cultural and social sciences and arts. RWTH Aachen, TU Dresden and TU München also have a faculty of medicine associated with

university hospitals A teaching hospital is a hospital or medical centre that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located ...

(

Klinikum Aachen The Uniklinikum Aachen, full German name ''Universitätsklinikum Aachen'' ("University Hospital Aachen", abbreviated ''UKA''), formerly known as ''Neues Klinikum'' ("New Clinic"), is the university hospital of the city of Aachen, Germany ...

, University Hospital Dresden, Rechts der Isar Hospital). There are 17 universities of technology in Germany with about 290,000 students enrolled. The four states of

Bremen Bremen (Low German also: ''Breem'' or ''Bräm''), officially the City Municipality of Bremen (german: Stadtgemeinde Bremen, ), is the capital of the German state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (''Freie Hansestadt Bremen''), a two-city-state consis ...

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (MV; ; nds, Mäkelborg-Vörpommern), also known by its anglicized name Mecklenburg–Western Pomerania, is a state in the north-east of Germany. Of the country's sixteen states, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ranks 14th in po ...

Saxony-Anhalt Saxony-Anhalt (german: Sachsen-Anhalt ; nds, Sassen-Anholt) is a state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and Lower Saxony. It covers an area of and has a population of 2.18 million inhabitants, making it the ...

and

Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig-Holstein (; da, Slesvig-Holsten; nds, Sleswig-Holsteen; frr, Slaswik-Holstiinj) is the northernmost of the 16 states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Sch ...

are not operating a ''Technische Universität''.

Saxony Saxony (german: Sachsen ; Upper Saxon: ''Saggsn''; hsb, Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (german: Freistaat Sachsen, links=no ; Upper Saxon: ''Freischdaad Saggsn''; hsb, Swobodny stat Sakska, links=no), is a landlocked state of ...

and

Lower Saxony Lower Saxony (german: Niedersachsen ; nds, Neddersassen; stq, Läichsaksen) is a German state (') in northwestern Germany. It is the second-largest state by land area, with , and fourth-largest in population (8 million in 2021) among the 16 ...

have the highest counts of ''TUs'', while in Saxony three out of four universities are universities of technology.

Greece

Greece has

Technical Universities An institute of technology (also referred to as: technological university, technical university, university of technology, technological educational institute, technical college, polytechnic university or just polytechnic) is an institution of te ...

(also known as Polytechnic Universities) with 5 years of study legally equivalent to Bachelor's and master's degree 300 ECTS, ISCED 7 and has the full professional rights of the Engineer. and had Technological Educational Institutes (TEIs) (1982–2019) also known as Higher Educational Institute of Technology, Technological Institute, Institute of Technology (provides at least 4-year undergraduate degree qualification πτυχίο, Latinised version: Ptychion, in line with the Bologna Process legally equivalent to Bachelor's honours degree 240 ECTS, ISCED 6. Previoulsy it was three and a half years studies from 1983 to 1995, 210 ECTS). All the Technical Universities and Technological Educational Institutes are Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) with university title (UT) and degree awarding powers (DAPs). TEIs existed from 1983 to 2019; they were reformed between 2013 and 2019 and their departments incorporated into existing higher education institutions (HEIs). The two Polytechnic Universities (Technical Universities) in Greece (Greek: Πολυτεχνείο) are the

National Technical University of Athens The National (Metsovian) Technical University of Athens (NTUA; el, Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο, ''National Metsovian Polytechnic''), sometimes known as Athens Polytechnic, is among the oldest higher education institution ...

and the

Technical University of Crete The Technical University of Crete (TUC; el, Πολυτεχνείο Κρήτης, ''Polytechneio Kritis'') is a state university under the supervision of the Greek Ministry of Education and was founded in 1977 in Chania, Crete. The first stud ...

. However, many other universities have a faculty of engineering that provides an equivalent diploma of engineerings with an integrated master and the full professional rights as well. Many TEIs that got dismantled created engineering faculty with 5 years of study and 300 ECTS, ISCED 6. But those faculty are not under the general term of Polytechnics nor they have an integrated master's degree yet waiting evaluation to be characterised as equivalent. These have been named School of Engineers for the time being and not Technical Universities or Polytechnic. In Greece, all Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are

public university A public university or public college is a university or college that is in owned by the state or receives significant public funds through a national or subnational government, as opposed to a private university. Whether a national universit ...

owned and government-funded, with free education undergraduate programmes that can be attended without any payment of tuition fee. About 1 out of 4 (one-fourth of) HEIs postgraduate programmes are offered free without any payment of tuition fee, especially about a 30% percentage of students can be entitled without tuition fee to attend all the HEIs statutory tuition fee postgraduate programmes after they be assessed on an individual basis of determined criteria as set out in the Ministry of Education.

Hong Kong

The first polytechnic in

Hong Kong Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delt ...

is The Hong Kong Polytechnic, established in 1972 through upgrading the Hong Kong Technical College (Government Trade School before 1947). The second polytechnic, the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, was founded in 1984. These polytechnics awards

diploma A diploma is a document awarded by an educational institution (such as a college or university) testifying the recipient has graduated by successfully completing their courses of studies. Historically, it has also referred to a charter or offici ...

higher diploma A higher diploma is an academic award in Iraq, Libya, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Ireland and Oman. In Iraq, it's one year after bachelor's degree (i.e., not equivalent to a bachelor's degree). In Ireland it is a postgraduate qualification at t ...

s, as well as academic degrees. Like the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

, the two polytechnics were granted university status in 1994 and renamed

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) is a public research university located in Hung Hom, Hong Kong near Hung Hom station. The University is one of the eight government-funded degree-granting tertiary institutions in Hong Kong. Founded ...

and the City University of Hong Kong respectively.

The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) is a public university, public research university in Clear Water Bay Peninsula, New Territories, Hong Kong. Founded in 1991 by the British Hong Kong Government, it was the territory's ...

, a university with a focus in applied science, engineering and business, was founded in 1991.

Hungary

The world's first Institute of Technology the Berg-Schola (Bergschule) established in Selmecbánya,

, by the Court Chamber of Vienna in 1735 providing

Further education Further education (often abbreviated FE) in the United Kingdom and Ireland is education in addition to that received at secondary school, that is distinct from the higher education (HE) offered in universities and other academic institutions. I ...

to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining. In 1762 the institute ranked up to be

Academia An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary education, secondary or tertiary education, tertiary higher education, higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membershi ...

providing

Higher Education Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completi ...

courses. After the

Treaty of Trianon The Treaty of Trianon (french: Traité de Trianon, hu, Trianoni békeszerződés, it, Trattato del Trianon) was prepared at the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Paris Peace Conference and was signed in the Grand Trianon château in ...

the institute had to be moved to Sopron. * University of Miskolc re-established in 1949 as Technical University of Heavy Industry in Miskolc and in 1990 as University of Miskolc. The university is the successor of the University of Mining and Metallurgy of Selmecbánya (est. as Bergshule 1735). * Budapest University of Technology and Economics, one of the oldest institute of technology of the world is located in Budapest (est. 1782). The BME was the first

University A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...

in Europe to award engineering degrees. *

University of Debrecen ThUniversity of Debrecen( hu, Debreceni Egyetem) is a university located in Debrecen, Hungary. It is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, oldest continuously operating institution of higher education in Hungary ever since its ...

– Faculty of Engineering *

University of Dunaújváros University of Dunaújváros (before 2016: College of Dunaújváros) is located in Hungary. Education center in Dunaújváros offers bachelor course ''Computer Engineer'' BSc, Engineering Business Management BSc, '' Communication and Media'' BA, ' ...

* Pallasz Athéné University – GAMF * University of Nyíregyháza – Institute of Technical and Agricultural Sciences *

University of Sopron The main campus of the University of Sopron ( Soproni Egyetem, abbreviated SOE) is located in Sopron, Hungary. The school traces its roots to 1735.

* University of Szeged – Faculty of Engineering *

Szent István University The Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences is a university of technology in Hungary. Its headquarters and main campus are located about 30 kilometres from the capital, Budapest, in the Central Hungarian town of Gödöllő. Other ...

Széchenyi István University The Széchenyi István University (SZE), also known as the University of Győr, is located in Győr and Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary. The university was established in 1968. In cooperation with Audi Hungaria Motor Kft, one of the University� ...

University of Pannonia The University of Pannonia (''University of Veszprém'' until March 1, 2006; Hungarian ''Pannon Egyetem'', formerly known as ''Veszprémi Egyetem'') is a university located in Veszprém, Hungary. It was founded in 1949 and is organized in five ...

* University of Pécs – Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology * Óbuda University

India

There are

Indian Institutes of Technology The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are central government owned public technical institutes located across India. They are under the ownership of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India. They are governed by the Instit ...

Indian Institutes of Information Technology Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs) are a group of 26 interdisciplinary technology-based- engineering research institutions in India which are focused on information technology. Five of them are established, funded and managed ...

, and National Institutes of Technology in India which are autonomous public institutions. These institutions are

Institutes of National Importance Institute of National Importance (INI) is a status that may be conferred on a premier public higher education institution in India by an act of Parliament of India, an institution which "serves as a pivotal player in developing highly skilled per ...

, and hence each of the institutions are autonomous. All Indian Institutes of Technology, Indian Institutes of Information Technology, and National Institutes of Technology have their own councils which are headed by

President of India The president of India ( IAST: ) is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Murmu ...

. The activities of these institutions are generally governed by the institutes alone, but sometimes they are bound to follow the directives of

Ministry of Education (India) The Ministry of Education ( MoE; formerly the Ministry of Human Resource Development from 1985 to 2020) is a ministry of the Government of India, responsible for the implementation of the National Policy on Education. The Ministry is further di ...

and are answerable to Ministry of Education (India) and President of India. Some departments of some of these institutions are bound to follow certain guidelines of National Board of Accreditation (NBA) if they receive the accreditation from NBA. However, unlike other institutions, it is not mandatory for these institutes to follow guidelines of

All India Council for Technical Education The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) is a statutory body, and a national-level council for technical education, under the Department of Higher Education. Established in November 1945 first as an advisory body and later on in ...

(AICTE) and NBA completely. The authority controlling technical education, other than the

, in India is All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and National Board of Accreditation (NBA).

Indonesia

There are four public institutes of technology in Indonesia that are owned by the government of Indonesia. Other than that, there are hundreds of other institutes that are owned by private or other institutions. Four public institutes are: * Bandung Institute of Technology,

Bandung Bandung ( su, ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ, Bandung, ; ) is the capital city of the Indonesian province of West Java. It has a population of 2,452,943 within its city limits according to the official estimates as at mid 2021, making it the fourth most ...

Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology ( id, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember; '10th of November Institute of Technology'; abbreviated as ITS) is an Indonesian public technological university located in Surabaya, East Java, with a strong ...

Surabaya Surabaya ( jv, ꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ or jv, ꦯꦹꦫꦨꦪ; ; ) is the capital city of the Provinces of Indonesia, Indonesian province of East Java and the List of Indonesian cities by population, second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. L ...

* Kalimantan Institute of Technology, Balikpapan *

Sumatera Institute of Technology Sumatera Institute of Technology ( Indonesian: ''Institut Teknologi Sumatera'', abbreviated as ITERA) is a public university in South Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia. ITERA has three faculties and 35 programs, all of them at the undergraduate level. ...

Bandar Lampung Bandar Lampung (Lampung: , ''Kutak Bandarlampung'', formerly Dutch: ''Oosthaven'', lit. "Eastern Harbor") is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of Lampung. Located on the southern tip of Sumatra, Bandar Lampung was original ...

Public state-owned polytechnics also available and provides vocational education offers either three-year Diploma degrees, which is similar to an associate degree or four-year bachelor's degree in applied sciences (). The more advanced vocational Master's are also available and doctoral degrees are still in progress. Some notable polytechnics in Indonesia includes State Polytechnic of Jakarta,

State Polytechnic of Bandung State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

State Polytechnic of Malang State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

, State Electronics Polytechnic of Surabaya, and State Naval and Shipbuilding Polytechnic of Surabaya. These polytechnics are known to be departed from Indonesian prestigious universities and institute of technologies, e.g. the State Polytechnic of Jakarta was departed from the University of Indonesia while both Surabaya Polytechnics were departed from Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology.

Iran

There are 18 technological universities in

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

. * Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic),

Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul ...

Sharif University of Technology Sharif University of Technology (SUT; fa, دانشگاه صنعتی شریف) is a public research university in Tehran, Iran. It is widely considered as the nation's most prestigious and leading institution for science, technology, engineering, ...

, Tehran *

Technical and Vocational University The Technical and Vocational University (TVU) ( fa, دانشگاه فنی و حرفه‌ای, ''Danushgah-e Feni-ye Herfehai'') includes higher education that runs all technical/vocational colleges across the country. The main objective of this U ...

, 172 branches in Iran * Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran *

K. N. Toosi University of Technology Khajeh Nasir al-Din Toosi University of Technology (KNTU) ( fa, دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصيرالدين طوسی), also known as K. N. Toosi University of Technology, is a public university, public research university in Tehran, I ...

, Tehran * Petroleum University of Technology, Tehran and Ahwaz * Isfahan University of Technology,

Isfahan Isfahan ( fa, اصفهان, Esfahân ), from its Achaemenid empire, ancient designation ''Aspadana'' and, later, ''Spahan'' in Sassanian Empire, middle Persian, rendered in English as ''Ispahan'', is a major city in the Greater Isfahan Regio ...

Sahand University of Technology Sahand University of Technology (SUT) ( fa, دانشگاه صنعتی سهند, ''Danushgah-e Sân'ti-ye Sihend'') Sahand University of Technology (SUT) as the first technical university in Iran after Islamic revolution was established in 1989 ...

Tabriz Tabriz ( fa, تبریز ; ) is a city in northwestern Iran, serving as the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. It is the List of largest cities of Iran, sixth-most-populous city in Iran. In the Quri Chay, Quru River valley in Iran's historic Aze ...

Shiraz University of Technology Shiraz University of Technology (SUTech) ( fa, دانشگاه صنعتی شیراز Dāneshgāh-e San'ati-ye Shirāz) is an accredited and well-known university in Iran, the second public university in the Fars Province in higher technological ed ...

Shiraz Shiraz (; fa, شیراز, Širâz ) is the List of largest cities of Iran, fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars province, Fars Province, which has been historically known as Pars (Sasanian province), Pars () and Persis. As o ...

Arak University of Technology Arak University of Technology ( fa, دانشگاه صنعتی اراک, ''Danshgah-e Sân'ti-ye Arak''), formerly known as Iran University of Science and Technology, Arak Branch, is one of the engineering universities in Iran Iran, ...

, Arak *

Urmia University of Technology Urmia University of Technology was formed and started to work in summer 2007. Following the principled agreement of UUT establishment and with the special consideration of president Dr. Ahmadinejad and the officials attempts, an independent fundi ...

Urmia Urmia or Orumiyeh ( fa, ارومیه, Variously transliterated as ''Oroumieh'', ''Oroumiyeh'', ''Orūmīyeh'' and ''Urūmiyeh''.) is the largest city in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran and the capital of Urmia County. It is situated at an alt ...

Babol University of Technology Babol Noshirvani University of Technology (BNUT), sometimes also referred to as Noshirvani Institute of Technology or NIT, is a public research university and Institute of Technology in Babol, Mazandaran Province in the north of Iran, 20 km s ...

, Babol *

Shahrood University of Technology Shahrood University of Technology (formerly known as University of Shahrood 2010-2015) is a public university in Shahrood, Semnan, Iran. The university was established as "The Shahrood College of Mines" (مدرسه عالي معدن شاهرود ...

Shahrood Shahrood ( fa, شاهرود, also Romanized as Shâhrūd, and Shahroud; also known as Shârūd) is a city and capital of Shahrood County, Semnan Province, Iran. Situated about an altitude of 1345 m, it is located at latitude 36°25'N, longitu ...

*Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan *Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah *Qom University of Technology,

Qom Qom (also spelled as "Ghom", "Ghum", or "Qum") ( fa, قم ) is the seventh largest metropolis and also the seventh largest city in Iran. Qom is the capital of Qom Province. It is located to the south of Tehran. At the 2016 census, its popul ...

*Birjand University of Technology,

Birjand Birjand ( fa, بیرجند , also Romanized as Bīrjand and Birdjand) is the capital of the Iranian province of South Khorasan. The city is known for its saffron, barberry, jujube, and handmade carpet exports. Birjand had a population of 187,0 ...

*Jondi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful *Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan

Iraq

University of Technology, Iraq The University of Technology, Iraq is one of Iraq's largest universities. It is situated in the city of Baghdad, Iraq. The university is specialized in Engineering, Computer Sciences, and Applied Sciences and Technologies. It was founded in 1975. ...

Ireland

An "Institute of Technology" was formerly referred to as Regional Technical College (RTCs) system. The abbreviation IT is now widely used to refer to an Institute of Technology. These institutions offer sub-degree, degree and masters level studies. Unlike the Irish university system an Institute of Technology also offers sub-degree programmes such as 2-year Higher Certificate programme in various academic fields of study. Some institutions have "delegated authority" that allows them to make doctoral awards in their own name, after authorisation by the Quality and Qualifications Ireland. Dublin Institute of Technology developed separately from the Regional Technical College system and after several decades of association with the

University of Dublin The University of Dublin ( ga, Ollscoil Átha Cliath), corporately designated the Chancellor, Doctors and Masters of the University of Dublin, is a university located in Dublin, Ireland. It is the degree-awarding body for Trinity College Dubl ...

it acquired the authority to confer its own degrees before becoming a member of the T.U. Dublin. The Technological Higher Education Association is the representative body for the various Institutes of Technology in Ireland. The approval of Ireland's first

Technological University An institute of technology (also referred to as: technological university, technical university, university of technology, technological educational institute, technical college, polytechnic university or just polytechnic) is an institution of te ...

, TU Dublin was announced in July 2018. It is the result of a merger of three of the ITs in the

County Dublin "Action to match our speech" , image_map = Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Dublin.svg , map_alt = map showing County Dublin as a small area of darker green on the east coast within the lighter green background of ...

area.

Munster TU Munster Technological University (MTU; ga, Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta na Mumhan) is a public Technological Universities in Ireland, technological university consisting of six campuses located in County Cork, Cork and County Kerry, Kerry. The un ...

and Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest have since been approved. Planning is underway for the formation similar merged institutions across the country.

Israel

* Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, ranked 38 in the world in 2010.

Italy

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

, the term "technical institute" generally refers to a

secondary school A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' secondary education, lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) ...

which offers a five-year course granting the access to the university system. In

, ''Politecnico'' refers to a technical university awarding bachelor, master and PhD degrees in engineering. Historically there were two ''Politecnici'', one in each of the two largest industrial cities of the north: * Politecnico di Torino, established 1859; * Politecnico di Milano, established 1863. A third ''Politecnico'' was added in the south in 1990: *

Politecnico di Bari The Polytechnic University of Bari ( it, Politecnico di Bari) is a university located in Bari, Italy. It was founded in 1990 and it is organized in 5 Departments. In 2018, around 10,072 students were enrolled. In 2018, the academic staff amounte ...

, established 1990. However, many other universities have a faculty of engineering. In 2003, the

Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (Italy) The Ministry of Education, University and Research (in it, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, italic=no or MIUR) is the ministry of the Italian government for the national education system, the Italian universities and ...

and the Ministry of Economy and Finance (Italy) jointly established the

Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia The Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) (in English: Italian Institute of Technology) is a scientific research centre based in Genoa (Italy, EU). Its main goal is the advancement of science, in Italy and worldwide, through projects and discoveri ...

(Italian Institute of Technology), headquartered in

Genoa Genoa ( ; it, Genova ; lij, Zêna ). is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the List of cities in Italy, sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian ce ...

with 10 laboratories around Italy, which however focuses on research, not entirely in the fields of engineering and does not offer undergraduate degrees.

Jamaica

* University of Technology, Jamaica, in Kingston, Jamaica

Japan

In Japan, an is a type of university that specializes in the sciences. See also the Imperial College of Engineering, which was the forerunner of the University of Tokyo's engineering faculty. ;National *

Tokyo Institute of Technology is a national research university located in Greater Tokyo Area, Japan. Tokyo Tech is the largest institution for higher education in Japan dedicated to science and technology, one of first five Designated National University and selected as ...

, 1929 *

Kyoto Institute of Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology (京都工芸繊維大学, Kyōto Kōgei Sen'i Daigaku) in Kyoto, Japan is a Japanese national university established in 1949. The Institute's history extends back to two schools, Kyoto Craft High School (established i ...

, 1949 *

Muroran Institute of Technology , abbreviated as MuroranIT, MuIT, or Muroran Tech is a national university in Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan. History *1897 Sapporo Agricultural College Department of Civil Engineering Established *1918 Sapporo Agricultural College promoted to Hokkaid ...

, 1949 *

Nagoya Institute of Technology The , abbreviated to Nitech (or in Japanese to 名工大, ''Meikōdai''), is a public highest-level educational institution of science and technology located in Nagoya, Japan. Nitech was founded in 1905 as ''Nagoya Higher Technical School'', then ...

, 1949 * Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1949 * University of Electro-Communications, 1949 *

Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology The commonly known as TUAT is a Japanese national university headquartered in Fuchū, Tokyo. This university focuses on the study of agriculture and engineering. The undergraduate organization of the university has two faculties, Agriculture and ...

, 1949 *

Kitami Institute of Technology is a national university in Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan. Founded as the Kitami Junior College of Technology on 6 January 1960, it was chartered as a university (Kitami Institute of Technology) on 6 January 1966. In 2004, it became part of the Nation ...

, 1966 *

Nagaoka University of Technology , abbreviated as Nagaoka Gidai, is a national technology university founded in 1976 in Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan. It is one of only two Universities of Technology, a form of university in Japan, the other being Toyohashi University of Technology i ...

, 1976 *

Japan Advanced Institute of Science And Technology is a postgraduate university in Japan, established in 1990. JAIST was established in the centre of Ishikawa Science Park (ISP). It is to the south of Kanazawa City. JAIST has programs of advanced research and development in science and technol ...

, 1986 *

Nara Institute of Science and Technology ) , city = Ikoma (Kansai Science City) , state = Nara , country = Japan , postgrad = 1,043 , administrative_staff= 374 , campus = Suburban,139,967 m², , mascot = None , free_label = , free = , endowment= US$-- billion(JP¥-- billio ...

, 2006 * Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 2011 ;Public * Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology, 1986 *

Maebashi Institute of Technology is a public university in Maebashi, Gunma, Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japa ...

, 1997 *

Kochi University of Technology is a prefectural university in Tosa Yamada, Kami, Kōchi, Japan. After its foundation in 1997, Professor Yasuharu Suematsu was its first president. Kochi University of Technology serves 2056 undergraduate students, 224 Master students and 74 ...

, 1997 * Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology, 2006 ;Private * Chiba Institute of Technology, 1942 *

Osaka Institute of Technology , abbreviated as Dai kōdai (大工大), Han kōdai (阪工大), or Osaka kōdai (大阪工大) is a private university in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. OIT has 3 campuses, Omiya campus located in Asahi-ku, Osaka City, Umeda campus located in Kita ...

, 1949 *

Shibaura Institute of Technology The , abbreviated as , is a private university of Technology in Japan, with campuses located in Tokyo and Saitama. Established in 1927 as the Tokyo Higher School of Industry and Commerce, it was chartered as a university in 1949. The Shibaura I ...

, 1949 * Tokyo Polytechnic University, 1950 *

Kobe Institute of Computing is a private university in Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. History KIC was found by Mr Tomio Fukuoka in . The Graduate School of Information Technology has established in . Fields of study KIC Graduate School of Information Technology has one M ...

, 1958 *

Aichi Institute of Technology is a private university at Toyota, Aichi , formerly known as Koromo, is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 426,162 and a population density of 464 people per km2. The total area was . It is located abo ...

, 1959 *

Hiroshima Institute of Technology is a private university in Saeki-ku, Hiroshima, Japan. It was established by Tsuru Gakuen (founded by Noboru Tsuru) in 1961 as a two-year college, and became a four-year university in 1963, taking its present name. The university has faculties ...

, 1963 *

Fukuoka Institute of Technology is a private university in Higashi-ku of Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1954, and it was chartered as a university in 1963. It is located near Fukkōdaimae Station. Alumni * Ichirō Matsui, g ...

, 1963 *

Shonan Institute of Technology is a private university in Fujisawa, Kanagawa is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 439,728 and a population density of 6300 persons per km². The total area of the city is . Geography Fujisawa i ...

, 1963 * Tohoku Institute of Technology, 1964 *

Kanazawa Institute of Technology is an institution of higher learning in Nonoichi City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. It is often called KIT, or for short. It is known for its unique educational policy that attaches importance to initiative of students. One of the examples is ...

, 1965 *

Fukui University of Technology The is a private university founded in 1950 and located in Fukui, Fukui Prefecture, Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bo ...

, 1965 *

Nippon Institute of Technology is a private university in Miyashiro, Saitama, Japan, established in 1967. History The Nippon Institute of Technology opened in 1907 as "Tokyo Engineering School". It was renamed "Tokyo Advanced Engineering School" in 1935, but was closed in 1 ...

, 1967 * Hokkaido Institute of Technology, 1967 * Ashikaga Institute of Technology, 1967 *

Hachinohe Technical University is a private university located in the city of Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered ...

, 1972 *

Kanagawa Institute of Technology (KAIT) is a private university in Atsugi, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The predecessor of the school, a vocational school, was founded in 1963. It was chartered as a university in 1975. The present name was adopted in 1988. Abstract The uni ...

, 1975 *

Toyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi University of Technology (豊橋技術科学大学; ''Toyohashi Gijutsu Kagaku Daigaku''), often abbreviated to Toyohashi Tech, or TUT, is a national engineering university located in Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan. Distinguished for the upp ...

, 1976 *

Saitama Institute of Technology is a private university in Fukaya, Saitama is a city located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 229,517 in 142,803 households in 60804 households and a population density of 1023 persons per km². The to ...

, 1976 *

Tokyo University of Technology is a private university Private universities and private colleges are institutions of higher education, not operated, owned, or institutionally funded by governments. They may (and often do) receive from governments tax breaks, public st ...

, 1986 *

Kobe Design University is a private university in Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan. It was established in 1989 by Tanioka Gakuen Educational Foundation (, founded in 1928), which runs several schools such as Osaka University of Commerce. Undergraduate schools * School of Progr ...

, 1989 *

Tohoku University of Art and Design is a private university in Yamagata, Yamagata, Japan. History Established in April 1992 by the governments of Yamagata Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Yamagata Prefecture has a population of 1, ...

, 1991 *

Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology , or SIST, is a private university in Fukuroi, Shizuoka, Japan. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1940 as a driving school. It was chartered as a university in 1991, specializing in mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and co ...

, 1991 *

Niigata Institute of Technology is a private university in Kashiwazaki, Niigata, Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Ja ...

, 1995 *

Aichi University of Technology is a private university in Gamagōri, Aichi, Japan. The school opened as a junior college in 1987. It became a four-year in 2000. It offers profound scholarship and sound technological skills to students based on their founding spirit of Freedom ...

, 2000

Kenya

In Kenya, Technical Universities are special Universities that focus on technical and engineering courses and offer certifications in the same from Artisan, Craft, Diploma, Higher Diploma, Degree, Masters and Doctorate levels. They are former national polytechnics and are the only institutions of learning that offer the complete spectrum of tertiary education programs. They Include * Technical University of Kenya, Formerly Kenya National Polytechnic in

Nairobi Nairobi ( ) is the capital and largest city of Kenya. The name is derived from the Maasai phrase ''Enkare Nairobi'', which translates to "place of cool waters", a reference to the Nairobi River which flows through the city. The city proper ha ...

* Technical University of Mombasa, Formerly Mombasa National Polytechnic in

Mombasa Mombasa ( ; ) is a coastal city in southeastern Kenya along the Indian Ocean. It was the first capital of the British East Africa, before Nairobi was elevated to capital city status. It now serves as the capital of Mombasa County. The town is ...

Jordan

Princess Sumaya University for Technology Princess Sumaya University for Technology (PSUT), established in 1991, is a specialized, Non-governmental organization, Non-governmental, Nonprofit organization, Non-profit, Jordanian university, owned by the leading applied research centre in ...

Amman Amman (; ar, عَمَّان, ' ; Ammonite language, Ammonite: 𐤓𐤁𐤕 𐤏𐤌𐤍 ''Rabat ʻAmān'') is the capital and largest city of Jordan, and the country's economic, political, and cultural center. With a population of 4,061,150 a ...

Jordan University of Science and Technology The Jordan University of Science and Technology ( ar, جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجيا الأردنية ''Jami'at Al-Ulum wa Al-Tiknolojia Al-Urdunia''), often abbreviated JUST, is a state-supported university located on the ou ...

Irbid Irbid ( ar, إِربِد), known in ancient times as Arabella or Arbela (Άρβηλα in Ancient Greek language, Ancient Greek), is the capital and largest city of the Irbid Governorate. It also has the second largest metropolitan population in ...

Balqa Applied University Balqa may refer to the following places: *Balqa (region), the central highland region of Jordan where Amman is situated. *Balqa Governorate, one of the governorates of Jordan, covering the part of the Balqa region around the city of Salt. *Al-Balqa ...

Salt Salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in the form of a natural crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite. Salt is present in vast quantitie ...

* Tafila Technical University in

Tafila Tafilah ( ar, الطفيلة, 'aṭ-Ṭafīlah, ), also spelled Tafila, is a town with a population of 27,559 people in southern Jordan, located southwest of Amman. It is the capital of Tafilah Governorate. It is well known for having green gar ...

Macau

The first polytechnic in

Macau Macau or Macao (; ; ; ), officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (MSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China in the western Pearl River Delta by the South China Sea. With a pop ...

is the Polytechnic Institute of the

University of East Asia The is a private university in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan, established in 1974. Faculties (Undergraduate Schools) Faculty of Human Sciences *Department of Humanities and Social Sciences **Psychology Course **Child Development Course **Cultu ...

which was established in 1981, as an institute of a private university. In 1991, following the splitting of the University of East Asia into three ( University of Macau,

Macao Polytechnic Institute Macao Polytechnic University (MPU; ; pt, Universidade Politécnica de Macau) was established in 1981. It is located in the Macao Special Administrative Region (MSAR) of the People's Republic of China. MPU is a public Higher education institutio ...

, Asia International Open University), a public and independent Polytechnic Institute, Macao Polytechnic Institute, was officially established. The first private technology university Macau University of Science and Technology is established in 2000. Macao Polytechnic Institute has renamed

Macao Polytechnic University Macao Polytechnic University (MPU; ; pt, Universidade Politécnica de Macau) was established in 1981. It is located in the Macao Special Administrative Region (MSAR) of the People's Republic of China. MPU is a public Higher education institutio ...

in 2022.

Malaysia

;Polytechnics Polytechnics in

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

has been operated for almost 53 years. The institutions provide courses for bachelor's degree & Bachelor of Science (BSc) (offer at Premier Polytechnics for September 2013 & 2014 intake), Advanced Diploma, Diploma and Special Skills Certificate. It was established by the Ministry of Education with the help of

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...

in 1969. The amount of RM24.5 million is used to fund the pioneer of Politeknik Ungku Omar located in Ipoh, Perak from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). At present, Malaysia have developed 36 polytechnic at all over states in engineering, agriculture, commerce, hospitality and design courses with 60,840 students in 2009 to 87,440 students in 2012. The following is a list of the polytechnics in Malaysia in order of establishment: ;Technical University There are four technical universities in Malaysia and all are belongs to

Malaysian Technical University Network Malaysian Technical University Network (Formerly known as Technical University College Network of Malaysia) was introduced on Mac 2006. In February 2007, TUCN has changed to MTUN due to rebranding of four College University name to University. ...

: *

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia ( ms, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; abbreviated as UTHM) is a public university in Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. It was formerly known as Institut Teknologi Tun Hussein Onn (ITTHO) and Kolej Universiti ...

Universiti Malaysia Perlis Universiti Malaysia Perlis (abbreviated as UniMAP) is a Malaysian public institution of higher learning located in Perlis. It was previously known as Kolej Universiti Kejuruteraan Utara Malaysia (Northern Malaysia University College of Enginee ...

Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka ( Jawi: اونيۏرسيتي تيكنيكل مليسيا ملاك , literally meaning Technical University of Malaysia, Malacca, abbreviated as UTeM) is a public university located in Durian Tunggal, Mala ...

* Universiti Malaysia Pahang

Mauritius

The only technical university in

Mauritius Mauritius ( ; french: Maurice, link=no ; mfe, label=Mauritian Creole, Moris ), officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent, east of Madagascar. It incl ...

is the

University of Technology, Mauritius The University of Technology, Mauritius (UTM) is a public research university in Mauritius. The main campus lies in La Tour Koenig, Pointe-aux-Sables, within the district of Port-Louis. It was founded following the government of Mauritius approv ...

with its main campus situated in La Tour Koenig, Pointe aux Sables. It has a specialized mission with a technology focus. It applies traditional and beyond traditional approaches to teaching, training, research and consultancy. The university has been founded with the aim to play a key role in the economic and social development of Mauritius through the development of programmes of direct relevance to the country's needs, for example in areas like technology, sustainable development science and public sector policy and management.

Mexico

In Mexico there are different Institutes and Colleges of Technology. Most of them are public institutions. The National Technological Institute of Mexico (in Spanish: , TecNM) is a Mexican public

university system A university system is a set of multiple affiliated universities and colleges that are usually geographically distributed. Typically, all member universities in a university system share a common component among all of their various names. Usually, ...

created on 23 July 2014 by presidential decree with the purpose to unify 263 public institutes of technology that had been created since 1948 and are found all around Mexico. Another important institute of technology in Mexico is the National Polytechnic Institute ('), which is located in the northern region of Mexico City.

Moldova

Technical University of Moldova The Technical University of Moldova (UTM; ro, Universitatea Tehnică a Moldovei) is a higher technical educational institution located in Chișinău, Moldova, and is the only such institute in the country to be accredited by the state. History ...

Nepal

* Institute of Engineering * CTEVT, Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training

New Zealand

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

polytechnics are established under the Education Act 1989 as amended and are typically considered state-owned tertiary institutions along with

universities A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...

, colleges of education and

wānanga In the education system of New Zealand, a wānanga is a publicly-owned tertiary institution that provides education in a Māori cultural context. Section 162 of the New Zealand Education Act of 1989 specifies that wānanga resemble mainstrea ...

; there is today often much crossover in courses and qualifications offered between all these types of

Tertiary Education Institution Tertiary education, also referred to as third-level, third-stage or post-secondary education, is the educational level following the completion of secondary education. The World Bank, for example, defines tertiary education as including univers ...

s. Some have officially taken the title 'institute of technology' which is a term recognized in government strategies equal to that of the term 'polytechnic'. One has opted for the name '

Universal College of Learning The Universal College of Learning (UCOL) is a New Zealand Government ITP (Industry Training Provider/Polytechnic) located primarily in Palmerston North but has campuses also in Whanganui, Masterton and Levin. Dr Linda Sissons is the current Ch ...

' (UCOL) and another ' Unitec New Zealand'. These are legal names but not recognized terms like 'polytechnic' or 'institute of technology'. Many if not all now grant at least bachelor-level degrees. Some colleges of education or institutes of technology are privately owned, however, the qualification levels vary widely. Since the 1990s, there has been consolidation in New Zealand's state-owned tertiary education system. In the polytechnic sector: Wellington Polytechnic amalgamated with

Massey University Massey University ( mi, Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa) is a university based in Palmerston North, New Zealand, with significant campuses in Albany and Wellington. Massey University has approximately 30,883 students, 13,796 of whom are extramural or ...

. The Central Institute of Technology explored a merger with the

Waikato Institute of Technology The Waikato Institute of Technology, also known as Wintec, is an institute of technology based in New Zealand's Waikato region. Wintec offers over 130 degrees, diplomas and certificates. Wintec specialises in applied tertiary training for nurses ...

, which was abandoned, but later, after financial concerns, controversially amalgamated with Hutt Valley Polytechnic, which in turn became Wellington Institute of Technology. Some smaller polytechnics in the

North Island The North Island, also officially named Te Ika-a-Māui, is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the larger but much less populous South Island by the Cook Strait. The island's area is , making it the world's 14th-largest ...

, such as Waiarapa Polytechnic, amalgamated with

UCOL The Universal College of Learning (UCOL) is a New Zealand Government ITP (Industry Training Provider/Polytechnic) located primarily in Palmerston North but has campuses also in Whanganui, Masterton and Levin. Dr Linda Sissons is the current Ch ...

. (The only other amalgamations have been in the colleges of education.) The Auckland University of Technology is the only polytechnic to have been elevated to

status; while Unitec has had repeated attempts blocked by government policy and consequent decisions; Unitec has not been able to convince the courts to overturn these decisions. In mid-February 2019, the Minister of Education Minister Chris Hipkins proposed merging the country's sixteen polytechnics into a "NZ Institute of Skills and Technology" in response to deficits and a decline in domestic enrollments. The proposed merger will be subject to a six-week consultation period until 27 March.

Nigeria

Virtually, every state in

Nigeria Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o ...

has a polytechnic university operated by either the federal or state government. In

Rivers State Rivers State, also known as Rivers, is a state in the Niger Delta region of southern Nigeria (Old Eastern Region). Formed in 1967, when it was split from the former Eastern Region, Rivers State borders include: Imo to the north, Abia and Akwa Ib ...

for example, there are two state-owned polytechnic universities;

Kenule Beeson Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic Kenule Beeson Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic (formerly Rivers State Polytechnic) is a tertiary learning institution in Bori City, Khana Local Government Area in Rivers State, Nigeria. It has two campuses, one for the School of Management Sciences and the o ...

, Bori City and the

Rivers State College of Arts and Science Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic (formerly known as Rivers State School of Basic Studies, Rivers State College of Arts and Science and later Port Harcourt Polytechnic ) is a polytechnic funded by the Government of Rivers State, located in Por ...

, Port Harcourt. The former was established on 13 May 1988 while the latter–though founded in 1984–was approved by the NBTE in 2006. The first private polytechnic university in the state is the

Eastern Polytechnic Eastern technical University is a university located in Kenema, the third largest city of Sierra Leone. along with the Kenema campus, Eastern technical University was designed as a multi-campus institution with a campus at Bunumbu in the Kailahun D ...

, established in 2008.

Pakistan

The polytechnic institutes in

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

offer

Diploma in Engineering The Diploma in Engineering or Diploma in Technical Education or Technical Diploma is a program focused on practical and skills-oriented training. It is a technical course that only covers the essentials when ranked with an undergraduate engineer ...

spanning three years in different engineering branches. This diploma is known as Diploma of Associate Engineering (DAE). Students are admitted to the diploma program based on their results in the

10th grade Tenth grade or grade 10 (called Year Eleven in England and Wales, and sophomore year in the US) is the tenth year of school post-kindergarten or the tenth year after the first introductory year upon entering compulsory schooling. In many parts of ...

standardized exams. The main purpose of the diploma offered in polytechnic institutes is to train people in various trades. These institutes are located throughout Pakistan and started in early 1950s. After successfully completion of diploma at a polytechnic, students can either get employment or enroll in

Bachelor of Technology A Bachelor of Technology (Latin ''Baccalaureus Technologiae'', commonly abbreviated as B.Tech. or BTech; with honours as B.Tech. (Hons.)) is an undergraduate academic degree conferred after the completion of a three to five-year program of studi ...

(B.Tech) and

Bachelor of Engineering A Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) or a Bachelor of Science in Engineering (BSE) is an academic undergraduate degree awarded to a student after three to five years of studying engineering at an accredited college or university. In the UK, a Bache ...

(BE) degree programs. Universities of Engineering & Technology in Pakistan offer

undergraduate Undergraduate education is education conducted after secondary education and before postgraduate education. It typically includes all postsecondary programs up to the level of a bachelor's degree. For example, in the United States, an entry-lev ...

( BE/BS/BSc Engineering) and

postgraduate Postgraduate or graduate education refers to academic or professional degrees, certificates, diplomas, or other qualifications pursued by post-secondary students who have earned an undergraduate ( bachelor's) degree. The organization and stru ...

( ME/MS/MSc Engineering and

) degree programs in

. BE/BS/BSc Engineering is a professional degree in Pakistan. It is a four-year full-time program after

HSSC The Higher Secondary School Certificate is a secondary qualification in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Higher Secondary Education The Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education in Bangladesh recognises "Higher Secondary Education" und ...

(higher secondary school certificate).

Palestine

University College of Applied Sciences University College of Applied Sciences (UCAS) is a technical college in Gaza founded in 1998. It offers 40 majors in engineering, health, technology, administration, education and the humanities. The school has a student population of 6,000. ...

University College of Applied Sciences (UCAS) is a technical college in Gaza founded in 1998. The College offers undergraduate degrees in a number of unique specializations such as education technology, technological management and planning, and geographic information systems

Philippines

* Mapúa University, the premier engineering school of the Philippines. Being an internationally accredited engineering school, it consistently tops various board exams for engineering students in the Philippines. *

FEU Institute of Technology FEU Institute of Technology, also referred to as FEU Tech, is a private, non-sectarian, coeducational higher education institution in Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines. It offers courses in the fields of Engineering and Computer Studies. Established ...

, a premier engineering school known for its technological academic teaching and board topnotchers operating under the

Far Eastern University Far Eastern University (Filipino language, Filipino: ''Pamantasan ng Malayong Silanganan''), also referred to by its acronym FEU, is a Private university, private non-sectarian Liberal arts college, liberal arts university in Manila, Philippines ...

system. * Mindanao State University–Iligan Institute of Technology, the premier state university in the southern Philippines and the science and technology flagship campus of the Mindanao State University System (the second biggest university system in the Philippines after the

University of the Philippines The University of the Philippines (UP; fil, Pamantasan ng Pilipinas Unibersidad ng Pilipinas) is a state university system in the Philippines. It is the country's national university, as mandated by Republic Act No. 9500 (UP Charter of 200 ...

). *

Technological University of the Philippines The Technological University of the Philippines ( fil, Pamantasang Teknolohiya ng Pilipinas or ''Teknolohikal na Unibersidad ng Pilipinas''), commonly known as TUP, is a coeducational state university in the Philippines. It was established in 1 ...

, the premier state university of technology education in the Philippines. *

Technological Institute of the Philippines The Technological Institute of the Philippines (T.I.P.; fil, Institusyong Panteknolohiya ng Pilipinas) is a private research-oriented higher education institution located in Metro Manila, Philippines. It was founded in 1962 by educators Dr. T ...

, an engineering school with an international accreditation. *

Bicol University Bicol University (Central Bikol language, Bikol: ''Unibersidad nin Bikol'', Tagalog language, Tagalog: ''Pamantasan ng Bikol''), also referred to by its acronym (BU or Bicol U), is a regional state, research and coeducational higher education i ...

, center in teaching excellence, offers IT courses and a well known university. *

Cebu Institute of Technology – University The Cebu Institute of Technology – University (CIT-University, or less often CIT-U, and colloquially CIT) is a private non-sectarian academic institution in Cebu City, Philippines. The university provides basic and higher education with a foun ...

, a premier engineering school, this university is known to have high selectivity in admissions as well as excellence in engineering research and education. *

Cebu Technological University Cebu Technological University ( ceb, Unibersidad Teknolohiko sa Sugbo), abbreviated as CTU and also known as Cebu Tech, is a public, non-sectarian, coeducational, state-funded higher education institution located in Cebu, Philippines. CTU was o ...

Polytechnic University of the Philippines , mottoeng = ''Light of the Nation'' , type = Public coeducational research higher education institution , established = October 19, 1904 , closed = , religious_affiliation = ...

, a state university in the Philippines that consistently tops various board exams for engineering students in the Philippines, also referred to as the National Comprehensive University of the Philippines. * Quezon City Polytechnic University, a local university, this university is well known in engineering, IT and technical education. *

Rizal Technological University Rizal Technological University (RTU) is a state university located at Mandaluyong, Philippines. It was established on July 11, 1969, as the College of Rizal, part of the University of Rizal System before it became autonomous in 1975. The state u ...

, the only university that offers degree courses in astronomy.

Poland

Politechnika (translated as a "technical university" or "university of technology") is the designation of a technical university in Poland. Here are some of the larger polytechnics in Poland: *

Politechnika Śląska The Silesian University of Technology (Polish name: Politechnika Śląska; ) is a university located in the Polish province of Silesia, with most of its facilities in the city of Gliwice. It was founded in 1945 by Polish professors of the Lwow P ...

* Politechnika Wrocławska *

Politechnika Warszawska The Warsaw University of Technology ( pl, Politechnika Warszawska, lit=Varsovian Polytechnic) is one of the leading institutes of technology in Poland and one of the largest in Central Europe. It employs 2,453 teaching faculty, with 357 professor ...

* Politechnika Poznańska *

Politechnika Krakowska Polytechnic is most commonly used to refer to schools, colleges, or universities that qualify as an institute of technology or vocational university also sometimes called universities of applied sciences. Polytechnic may also refer to: Educatio ...

Politechnika Gdańska Polytechnic is most commonly used to refer to schools, colleges, or universities that qualify as an institute of technology or vocational university also sometimes called universities of applied sciences. Polytechnic may also refer to: Educatio ...

* Politechnika Łódzka * Politechnika Białostocka *

Politechnika Lubelska Lublin University of Technology (''Politechnika Lubelska'') is an engineering university in Lublin, Poland. It was established on May 13, 1953, and currently has 7,787 students. Rectors # Stanisław Ziemecki (1953-1956) # Stanisław Podkowa (19 ...

Other polytechnic universities: *

Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków, (abbreviated as ''AGH UST'') is a public university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1913, its inauguration took place in 1919. The university focuses on innovative technologies, its research p ...

* Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich w Bydgoszczy (University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz) *Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny (

West Pomeranian University of Technology West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin ( pl, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie, ZUT) is a technical university in Szczecin, Poland. The university was established on January 1. 2009 in Szczecin, from the merg ...

)

Portugal

Till recently, there was a Technical University of Lisbon (UTL). It included several of the most prestigious schools, including, an engineering school (Instituto Superior Tecnico) and one of the most ancient business schools in the world (ISEG Lisbon). But UTL merged with the University of Lisbon. In this field, here are also a number of non-university higher educational institutions which are called polytechnic institutes since 1970s. Some of these institutions existed since the 19th century with different designations (industrial and commercial institutes, agricultural managers, elementary teachers and nurses schools, etc.). In theory, the polytechnics higher education system is aimed to provide a more practical training and be profession-oriented, while the university higher education system is aimed to have a stronger theoretical basis and be highly research-oriented. The polytechnics are also oriented to provide shorter length studies aimed to respond to local needs. The Portuguese polytechnics can then be compared to the US community colleges. Since the implementation of Bologna Process in Portugal in 2007, the polytechnics offer the 1st cycle (licentiate degree) and 2nd cycle (master's degree) of higher studies. Until 1998, the polytechnics only awarded bachelor ( pt, bacharelato) degrees (three-year short-cycle degrees) and were not authorized to award higher degrees. They however granted post-bachelor diplomas in specialized higher studies (DESE, ), that could be obtained after the conclusion of a two-year second cycle of studies and were academical equivalent to the university's licentiate degrees ('). After 1998, they started to be allowed to confer their own licentiate degrees, which replaced the DESE diplomas.

Romania

* Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1864 *

Polytechnic University of Timișoara Polytechnic is most commonly used to refer to schools, colleges, or universities that qualify as an institute of technology or vocational university also sometimes called universities of applied sciences. Polytechnic may also refer to: Educatio ...

, 1920 *

Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iași The Gheorghe Asachi Technical University ( ro, Universitatea Tehnică „Gheorghe Asachi” din Iași; acronym: TUIASI) is a public university located in Iași, Romania. Classified by the Ministry of Education as an ''advanced research and educat ...

, 1937 * Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 1948 *

Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest The Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest ( ro, Universitatea Tehnică de Construcții din București (UTCB)) is a public university in Bucharest, Romania, founded in 1948. It was formerly known as the ''Institute of Civil Enginee ...

, 1948 *

Oil & Gas University of Ploieşti An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and is hydrophobic (does not mix with water) & lipophilic (mixes with other oils). Oils are usually flammable and surface active. Most oils are unsaturated ...

, 1948 * University of Petroşani, 1948 *

Technical Military Academy of Bucharest The Academia Tehnică Militară Ferdinand I is a public university in Bucharest, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeas ...

, 1949

Russia

Bauman Moscow State Technical University The Bauman Moscow State Technical University, BMSTU (russian: link=no, Московский государственный технический университет им. Н. Э. Баумана (МГТУ им. Н. Э. Баумана)), some ...

Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, abbreviated as SPbPU (also, formerly "Saint Petersburg State Technical University", abbreviated as SPbSTU), is a Russian technical university located in Saint Petersburg. Other former names i ...

Novosibirsk State Technical University Novosibirsk State Technical University (Abbreviation: NSTU), until 1992 the Novosibirsk Electrotechnical Institute (NETI), is one of the major research and educational centers of Russia as well as one of the top technical universities located in ...

Tomsk Polytechnic University National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU) is a technical university in Russia. TPU was a member of 12 international associations, including the Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research (CESAER) un ...

Moscow Polytechnic University Moscow Polytechnic University (russian: Московский политехнический университет, Moskovski politekhnicheski universitet) or Moscow Polytech is a university in Moscow, Russia. It specializes in the field of aut ...

Singapore

Polytechnics in Singapore do not offer bachelor's, master's degrees or doctorate. However, Polytechnics in Singapore offer three-year diploma courses in fields ranging from applied sciences to business, information technology, humanities, social sciences, and other vocational fields such as engineering and nursing. There are five polytechnics in Singapore:

Singapore Polytechnic Singapore Polytechnic (SP) is a post-secondary education institution and statutory board under the purview of the Ministry of Education in Singapore. Established in 1954, the institution is the first and oldest polytechnic in Singapore and is ...

, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Temasek Polytechnic, Nanyang Polytechnic and Republic Polytechnic. The Polytechnic diploma certification in Singapore is equivalent to an

associate degree An associate degree is an undergraduate degree awarded after a course of post-secondary study lasting two to three years. It is a level of qualification above a high school diploma, GED, or matriculation, and below a bachelor's degree. The fi ...

obtainable at the

community college A community college is a type of educational institution. The term can have different meanings in different countries: many community colleges have an "open enrollment" for students who have graduated from high school (also known as senior sec ...

s in the United States. A Polytechnic diploma in Singapore is also known to be parallel and sometimes equivalent to the first years at a bachelor's degree-granting institution, thus, Polytechnic graduates in Singapore have the privilege of being granted transfer credits or module exemptions when they apply to a local or overseas universities, depending on the university's policies on transfer credits. The only university in Singapore with the term "institute of technology", most notably the Singapore Institute of Technology were developed in 2009 as an option for Polytechnic graduates who desire to pursue a bachelor's degree. Other technological university in Singapore includes the

Nanyang Technological University The Nanyang Technological University (NTU) is a national research university in Singapore. It is the second oldest autonomous university in the country and is considered as one of the most prestigious universities in the world by various inte ...

and the

Singapore University of Technology and Design The Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) is a public autonomous university in Singapore. History The founding president is Thomas L. Magnanti, who is a professor associated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M ...

Slovakia

Slovak University of Technology Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (STU) ( sk, Slovenská technická univerzita v Bratislave) is the biggest and oldest university of technology in Slovakia. In the 2012 Academic Ranking of World Universities it was ranked in the fi ...

in Bratislava The world's first institution of technology or technical university with tertiary technical education is the Banská Akadémia in

, Slovakia, founded in 1735, Academy since December 13, 1762 established by queen

Maria Theresa Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (german: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position ''suo jure'' (in her own right). ...

in order to train specialists of silver and gold mining and metallurgy in neighbourhood. Teaching started in 1764. Later the department of Mathematics, Mechanics and Hydraulics and department of Forestry were settled. University buildings are still at their place today and are used for teaching. University has launched the first book of

electrotechnics Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the study, design, and application of equipment, devices, and systems which use electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It emerged as an identifiable occupation in the l ...

in the world. *

Technical University of Košice Technical University of Košice (Slovak: ''Technická univerzita v Košiciach'') is the second largest university of technology in Slovakia. University structure * Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnology, * Faculty of Ma ...

University of Žilina The University of Žilina was established on 1 October 1953 as the College of Railways in Praha, Slovakia, Prague. In 1959, the institution changed its name to the University of Transport and moved to Žilina. As a result of the increasing role ...

*Technical University in Zvolen *Trenčín University in Trenčín *Dubnica Technology Institute

South Africa

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...

, there was a division has existed in South Africa between universities and

technikon A technikon was a post-secondary institute of technology (polytech) in South Africa. It focused on career-oriented vocational training. There were 15 technikons in the 1990s, but they were merged or restructured as universities (especially universi ...

s (polytechnics), as well between institutions servicing particular racial and language groupings. By the mid-2000s, former technikons have either been merged with traditional universities to form comprehensive universities or have become universities of technology; however, the universities of technology have not to date acquired all of the traditional rights and privileges of a university (such as the ability to confer a wide range of degrees).

Spain

* Universidad Politécnica de Madrid * Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya *

Universitat Politècnica de València The Technical University of Valencia ( ca-valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, UPV; , es, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia) is a Spanish university located in Valencia, with a focus on science, technology, and arts. It was founded ...

Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena History The Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena is the youngest technical university in Spain. This fact is contrasted, however, by its long history as a university in the engineering and business fields, as several of its faculties date ba ...

Sri Lanka

University of Moratuwa (''Vidyaayev Sharvadhanam'') , motto_lang = Sanskrit , mottoeng = Wisdom is all Wealth , established = , type = Public , chancellor = K. K. Y. W. Perera , vice_chancellor = N. ...

Institute of Technology, University of Moratuwa The Institute of Technology, University of Moratuwa ( si, තාක්ෂණික ආයතනය, මොරටුව විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය, ta, தொழில்நுட்பவியல் நிறுவனம், ம� ...

University of Vocational Technology The University of Vocational Technology (UoVT) si, වෘත්තීය තාක්ෂණ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය, ta, இலங்கை வாழ்க்கைதொழில் தொழிநுட்பவியல� ...

Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology The Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology ( si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා තොරතුරු තා‌ක්ෂණ ආයතනය; ta, இலங்கை தகவல் தொழில்நுட்ப நிறுவனம� ...

Technical College An institute of technology (also referred to as: technological university, technical university, university of technology, technological educational institute, technical college, polytechnic university or just polytechnic) is an institution of te ...

Sweden

* KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm *

Chalmers University of Technology Chalmers University of Technology ( sv, Chalmers tekniska högskola, often shortened to Chalmers) is a Swedish university located in Gothenburg that conducts research and education in technology and natural sciences at a high international level ...

, Gothenburg * Faculty of Engineering (LTH), Lund University, Lund *

Luleå University of Technology Luleå University of Technology is a Public Research University in Norrbotten County, Sweden. The university has four campuses located in the Arctic Region in the cities of Luleå, Kiruna, Skellefteå, and Piteå. With more than 19,000 students a ...

, Luleå *

Blekinge Institute of Technology The Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH; sv, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola) is a public, state funded Swedish institute of technology in Blekinge with 5,900 students (part-time, full-time) and offers about 30 educational programmes in 11 departmen ...

, Blekinge

Switzerland

Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (colloquially) , former_name = eidgenössische polytechnische Schule , image = ETHZ.JPG , image_size = , established = , type = Public , budget = CHF 1.896 billion (2021) , rector = Günther Dissertori , president = Joël Mesot , ac ...

(ETH Zurich) *

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne École may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée) * École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France * École, Savoi ...

(EPFL)

Taiwan

The question of Taiwanese college education is, the students either from high school (the aims is to go to normal college) or tech high school(the aims is to go to work or technology university), almost all of the students take the same test(the score can go to two kinds of school), and the school would not care what kind of high school you are from. * National Taiwan University of Science and Technology *

National Taipei University of Technology National Taipei University of Technology (NTUT, Taipei Tech; ) is a public university in Taipei, Taiwan. It is a member of the Global Research & Industry Alliance (Gloria) of the Ministry of Science and Technology and accredited by AACSB. Locate ...

National Taichung University of Science and Technology National Taichung University of Science and Technology (NTCUST; ) is a technical vocational university located in North District, Taichung, Taiwan. In Taiwan it is also known as 台中科大 (). The university began as two separate universities, ...

* National Yunlin University of Science and Technology *

National Formosa University National Formosa University (NFU; ) is a technical university in Huwei, Yunlin, Huwei District, Yunlin County, Taiwan. It is the only university in Taiwan to include the historical name of Formosa in its title. NFU was established in Huwei Townshi ...

National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (NKUST; ) is a university located in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. History The university was formed in 2018 by a merger of the National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology (NKFUST), ...

* National Pingtung University of Science and Technology

Thailand

Most of Thailand's institutes of technology were developed from

technical college An institute of technology (also referred to as: technological university, technical university, university of technology, technological educational institute, technical college, polytechnic university or just polytechnic) is an institution of te ...

s, in the past could not grant bachelor's degrees; today, however, they are

level institutions, some of which can grant degrees to the

level. Examples are Pathumwan Institute of Technology (developed from Pathumwan Technical School),

King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL or KMIT Ladkrabang for short) is a research and educational institution in Thailand. It is situated in Lat Krabang District, Bangkok approximately 30 km east of the city center. The u ...

(Nondhaburi Telecommunications Training Centre) and

King Mongkut's Institute of Technology North Bangkok , motto_lang = th , mottoeng = "To foster innovation in Science and Technology through the development of people." , established = 1959 , type = Public (National) , president ...

(Thai-German Technical School). There are two former institutes of technology, which already changed their name to "University of Technology":

Rajamangala University of Technology Rajamangala University of Technology ( th, มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคล), (RMUT), is one of the university systems in Thailand. It has nine universities providing undergraduate and graduate level ...

(formerly Institute of Technology and Vocational Education) and

King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT, th, มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีพระจอมเกล้าธนบุรี; ) or colloquially "Bangmod" ( th, บางมด; ) is an engineering ...

(Thonburi Technology Institute). Institutes of technology with different origins are

Asian Institute of Technology The Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), founded in 1959, is an Intergovernmental organization, international organization for higher education situated 40km north of Bangkok, Thailand. It specializes in engineering, technology, advanced technol ...

, which developed from SEATO Graduate School of Engineering and Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, an engineering school of

Thammasat University Thammasat University (Abbreviation, Abrv: TU th, มธ.; th, มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์, , ) is a public research university in Thailand with campuses in Tha Phra Chan area of Phra Nakhon District near the ...

Suranaree University of Technology The Suranaree University of Technology ( th, มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีสุรนารี, (SUT) is in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The university was established on 27 July 1990, becoming fully ope ...

is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand that was established (1989) as such; while

Mahanakorn University of Technology Mahanakorn University of Technology ( th, มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีมหานคร, short MUT) is a university in Thailand. The university was established on February 27, 1990 at Nong Chok District, Bangkok. ...

is the most well known private technological institute. Technology/Technical colleges in Thailand is associated with bitter rivalries which erupts into frequent off-campus brawls and assassinations of students in public locations that has been going on for nearly a decade, with innocent bystanders also commonly among the injured and the military under

martial law Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civil functions or suspension of civil law by a government, especially in response to an emergency where civil forces are overwhelmed, or in an occupied territory. Use Marti ...

still unable to stop them from occurring.

Turkey

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

and the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

, the oldest technical university is Istanbul Technical University. Its graduates contributed to a wide variety of activities in scientific research and development. In the 1950s, two technical universities were opened in

Ankara Ankara ( , ; ), historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and over 5.7 million in Ankara Province, maki ...

and

Trabzon Trabzon (; Ancient Greek: Tραπεζοῦς (''Trapezous''), Ophitic Pontic Greek: Τραπεζούντα (''Trapezounta''); Georgian: ტრაპიზონი (''Trapizoni'')), historically known as Trebizond in English, is a city on the Bl ...

. In recent years, Yıldız University is reorganized as

Yıldız Technical University Yıldız Technical University ( Tr. ''Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi'', often simply referred to as YTU or Yıldız) is a prominent technical university dedicated to engineering and natural sciences as well as social sciences recently, and is one ...

and two institutes of technology were founded in Kocaeli and Izmir. In 2010, another technical university named

Bursa Technical University Bursa Technical University ( tr, Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi) is a public research university in Bursa, Turkey. Bursa Technical University Rector is Professor Doctor Arif Karademir. Established in 2010, it is country's fifth technical university ...

was founded in Bursa. Moreover, a sixth technical university is about to be opened in Konya named Konya Technical University. File:Itu sdkm.jpg, Istanbul Technical University Suleyman Demirel Cultural Center,

Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...

File:Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi 07.jpg, Yıldız Technical University, located in Beşiktaş district of

File:MiddleEastTechnicalUniversityTreeOfScience800x512.jpg, Statue of Tree of Science by the main entrance to Middle East Technical University campus in Ankara File:İYTE Teknopark Entrance.jpg, A-1 Building, İzmir Institute of Technology Teknopark, Izmir File:Ktu foto 2.jpg, Entrance of

mechanical engineering Mechanical engineering is the study of physical machines that may involve force and movement. It is an engineering branch that combines engineering physics and mathematics principles with materials science, to design, analyze, manufacture, and ...

department, Karadeniz Technical University, located in

Ukraine

Donbas State Technical University Donbas State Technical University (DonSTU) ( uk, Донбаський державний технічний університет) is an institution of higher education located in Lysychansk, Ukraine. Today, the university is a major regional ...

* Donetsk National Technical University * Kyiv Polytechnic Institute *

Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute The National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (NTU "KhPI") ( uk, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут"), in the city of Kha ...

Lviv Polytechnic Lviv Polytechnic National University ( ua, Націона́льний університе́т «Льві́вська політе́хніка») is the largest scientific university in Lviv, Ukraine. Since its foundation in 1816, it has bee ...

United Kingdom

Polytechnics Polytechnics were

teaching institutions in

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

Wales Wales ( cy, Cymru ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the Wales–England border, east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the ...

and

Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label= Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. Nort ...

. The comparable institutions in

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the ...

were collectively referred to as Central Institutions. From 1965 to 1992, UK polytechnics operated under the binary system of education along with universities. Polytechnics offered diplomas and degrees (bachelor's, master's, PhD) validated at the national level by the Council for National Academic Awards (CNAA). Initially they excelled in engineering and applied science degree courses and other

subjects similar to technological universities in the US and continental Europe. Polytechnics were associated with innovations including

women's studies Women's studies is an academic field that draws on feminist and interdisciplinary methods to place women's lives and experiences at the center of study, while examining social and cultural constructs of gender; systems of privilege and oppress ...

, the academic study of

communications Communication (from la, communicare, meaning "to share" or "to be in relation with") is usually defined as the transmission of information. The term may also refer to the message communicated through such transmissions or the field of inquir ...

and media, sandwich degrees and the rise of management and

business studies Business studies, often simply called business, is a field of study that deals with the principles of business, management, and economics. It combines elements of accountancy, finance, marketing, organizational studies, human resource management, a ...

. Britain's first polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution later known as the

Polytechnic of Central London , mottoeng = The Lord is our Strength , type = Public , established = 1838: Royal Polytechnic Institution 1891: Polytechnic-Regent Street 1970: Polytechnic of Central London 1992: University of Westminster , endowment = £5.1 million ...

(now the

) was established in 1838 at Regent Street in London and its goal was to educate and popularize engineering and scientific knowledge and inventions in Victorian Britain "at little expense". The London Polytechnic led a mass movement to create numerous polytechnic institutes across the UK in the late 19th century. Most polytechnic institutes were established at the centre of major metropolitan cities and their focus was on engineering, applied science and technology education. The designation "institute of technology" was occasionally used by polytechnics (Bolton), Central Institutions (Dundee, Robert Gordon's) and postgraduate universities, (Cranfield and Wessex), most of which later adopted the designation university and there were two "institutes of science and technology": UMIST and UWIST (part of the University of Wales).

Loughborough University Loughborough University (abbreviated as ''Lough'' or ''Lboro'' for post-nominals) is a public research university in the market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, England. It has been a university since 1966, but it dates back to 1909, when L ...

was called Loughborough University of Technology from 1966 to 1996, the only institution in the UK to have had such a designation. Polytechnics were granted university status under the

Further and Higher Education Act 1992 The Further and Higher Education Act 1992 made changes in the funding and administration of further education and higher education within England and Wales, with consequential effects on associated matters in Scotland which had previously been ...

. This meant that polytechnics could confer degrees without the oversight of the national CNAA organization. These institutions are sometimes referred to as post-1992 universities. Technical colleges In 1956, some colleges of technology received the designation college of advanced technology. They became universities in 1966 meaning they could award their own degrees. Institutions called "technical institutes" or "technical schools" that were formed in the early 20th century provided further education between high school and university or polytechnic. Most technical institutes have been merged into regional colleges and some have been designated university colleges if they are associated with a local university. In 2016 the UK government announced plans to establish new "Institutes of Technology" in England as part of its reforms to post-16 skills provision "to provide technical education in STEM subjects at levels 3, 4 and 5. Each IoT is likely to build on infrastructure that already exists but will have its own independent identity, governance arrangements which directly involve employers and national branding". The first wave of 12 institutes was announced in 2019. Bidding for a second wave started in 2020.

United States

Polytechnic institutes in the USA are elite technological universities, many dating back to the mid-19th century. A handful of American universities include the phrases "Institute of Technology", "Polytechnic Institute", "Polytechnic University" or similar phrasing in their names; these are generally

research Research is "creativity, creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge". It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular att ...

-intensive universities with a focus on engineering, science and technology. The earliest of these institutions include:

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute () (RPI) is a private research university in Troy, New York, with an additional campus in Hartford, Connecticut. A third campus in Groton, Connecticut closed in 2018. RPI was established in 1824 by Stephen Van ...

(RPI, 1824), Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT, 1829),

Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute The New York University Tandon School of Engineering (commonly referred to as Tandon) is the engineering and applied sciences school of New York University. Tandon is the second oldest private engineering and technology school in the United Sta ...

(1854),

Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a key role in the development of modern technology and science, and is one of the ...

(MIT, 1861), Worcester Polytechnic Institute (1865), Stevens Institute of Technology (1870),

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Virginia Tech (formally the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and informally VT, or VPI) is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Blacksburg, Virginia. It also has educational facilities in six regi ...

(VPI or VT, 1872), Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology (RHIT, 1874), Case Institute of Technology (1881),

New Jersey Institute of Technology {{Infobox university , name = {{nowrap, New Jersey Institute of Technology , image = New Jersey IT seal.svg , image_upright = 0.9 , former_names = Newark College of Engineering (1930–1975)Ne ...

(NJIT, 1881),

Georgia Institute of Technology The Georgia Institute of Technology, commonly referred to as Georgia Tech or, in the state of Georgia, as Tech or The Institute, is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta, Georgia. Established in 1885, it is part of ...

(1885), California Institute of Technology (Caltech, 1891),

Carnegie Institute of Technology Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) is a private research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. One of its predecessors was established in 1900 by Andrew Carnegie as the Carnegie Technical Schools; it became the Carnegie Institute of Technology ...

(1900) and Industry (1891),

Cal Poly San Luis Obispo California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (California Polytechnic State University, Cal Poly"Cal Poly" may also refer to California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt in Arcata, California or California State Polytechnic Univ ...

(1901), and Cal Poly Pomona (1938). Conversely, schools dubbed "technical colleges" or "technical institutes" generally provide post-secondary training in technical and mechanical fields, focusing on training vocational skills primarily at a

level, parallel and sometimes equivalent to the first two years at a bachelor's degree-granting institution.

Venezuela

Institutes of technology in Venezuela were developed in the 1950s as an option for post-secondary education in technical and scientific courses, after the ''polytechnic'' French concepts. At that time, technical education was considered essential for the development of a sound

middle class The middle class refers to a class of people in the middle of a social hierarchy, often defined by occupation, income, education, or social status. The term has historically been associated with modernity, capitalism and political debate. Commo ...

economy. Nowadays, most of the ''Institutos de Tecnología'' are privately run businesses, with varying degrees of quality. Most of these institutes award diplomas after three or three and a half years of education. The institute of technology implementation (IUT, from ) began with the creation of the first IUT at Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela, called IUT. Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio adopted the French "Institut Universitaire de Technologie"s system, using French personnel and study system based on three-year periods, with research and engineering facilities at the same level as the main national universities to obtain French equivalent degrees. This IUT is the first and only one in Venezuela having French equivalent degrees accepted, implementing this system and observing the high-level degrees some other IUTs were created in Venezuela, regardless of this the term IUT was not used appropriately resulting in some institutions with mediocre quality and no equivalent degree in France. Later, some private institutions sprang up using IUT in their names, but they are not regulated by the original French system and award lower quality degrees.

Vietnam

Da Nang University of Technology Đà Nẵng University of Science and Technology, is one of the most important universities of technology in Vietnam. It is a university member of the University of Đà Nẵng. The polytechnic university was founded in Đà Nẵng in 1976 and ...

Hanoi University of Science and Technology ) Hanoi University of Technology (HUT) (-2010) , colors = Red, green, white, yellow , website www.hust.edu.vn Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST; vi, Đại học Bách khoa Hà Nội, fornerly known in English as ''Hanoi Univer ...

Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (abbreviation: HCMUT vi, Trường Đại học Bách khoa, Đại học Quốc gia Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh) is a member of Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City and a leading university in t ...

Le Quy Don Technical University Le Quy Don Technical University ( vi, Đại học Kỹ thuật Lê Quý Đôn, links=no), also known as ''Military Technical Academy'', was founded in 1966 and is one of the national key universities in Vietnam. Le Quy Don Technical University ha ...

* FPT University

References

External links

* {{Authority control Educational institutions Engineering education Vocational education