The Board of Control of

Toronto Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the anc ...

, Ontario, Canada, was a part of its municipal government until it was abolished in 1969. It served as the

executive committee A committee or commission is a body of one or more persons subordinate to a deliberative assembly. A committee is not itself considered to be a form of assembly. Usually, the assembly sends matters into a committee as a way to explore them more ...

of the

Toronto City Council Toronto City Council is the governing body of the municipal government of Toronto, Ontario. Meeting at Toronto City Hall, it comprises 25 city councillors and the mayor of Toronto. The current term began on November 15, 2022. Structure The c ...

. When it was initially created in 1896 by mandate of the provincial government, it consisted of three Controllers appointed from and by the

aldermen An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions founded upon English law. The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking member of a borough or county council, a council member chosen by the elected members the ...

, and presided over by the

Mayor of Toronto The mayor of Toronto is the head of Toronto City Council and chief executive officer of the municipal government. The mayor is elected alongside city council every four years on the fourth Monday of October; there are no term limits. While in ...

. Beginning in 1904, the Board of Control was directly elected by the city's electorate and consisted of four Controllers, presided over by the Mayor. Each voter could vote for up to four candidates, and the four with the most votes were elected. By tradition the controller who received the most votes would get the powerful budget chief position.

Functions

Under the ''Municipal Act'', the Board of Control had the following duties and powers: #the preparation and certification of all estimates for expenditures #the preparation of specifications for tenders, and making awards thereon # the nomination to council of all heads of departments and related staff, and the recommendation of appropriate salaries #the inspection and reporting (at least monthly) on all municipal works carried on or in progress #the submission of by-laws to the council #the authority to amalgamate departments and sub-departments #other powers as the council has delegated by-law or resolution With respect to the first three items, the board's actions could only be overturned by a two-thirds vote of the council.

History

From 1896 until 1904, the Toronto Board of Control was an executive branch of Council, chaired by the Mayor. It handled all daily business of Council and reported to Council. In the early 20th century, elected Boards of Control were introduced as a reform measure for all cities in Ontario. The board was designed to be the equivalent of a cabinet for municipal governments. It had certain specific duties such as issuing tenders and appointing department heads. In Toronto it often did not function as such. Since the controllers were elected separately from the mayor, there was no guarantee they would be allied. Moreover, since controllers contested citywide elections they were often seen as the natural contenders for the mayoralty and as challengers to the incumbent mayor. Many controllers thus had a self-interest in blocking the mayor from succeeding. Relations between the Board of Control and council were also sometimes difficult, with the Board often acting as an independent council at odds with the larger body. In 1961 the provincial government allowed cities with more than 100,000 people to abolish the Board of Control.

voted to do so in December 1968 after a long debate. The move was opposed by Mayor William Dennison along with three of the sitting controllers, but it was passed by a significant majority of council. The Board of Control was replaced with a new executive committee that would be composed of and elected by city council members. The size of city council was expanded by four to retain the same overall number of councillors. William Peyton Hubbard, the son of American slaves who had escaped to Canada through the

Underground Railroad The Underground Railroad was a network of clandestine routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early- to mid-19th century. It was used by enslaved African Americans primarily to escape into free states and Canada. ...

, was elected to the first Board of Control in 1904 and served for four terms - he would be he only Black person or person of colour to sit on the body; Joseph Singer became the first Jewish candidate to win citywide office in 1923; Jean Newman was the first woman elected to the Board and served from 1957 to 1960.Former Alderman and Controller, Ms. Jean Newman dies at 66." ''Toronto Star.'' October 6, 1971.

City of Toronto Controllers

Names in

boldface In typography, emphasis is the strengthening of words in a text with a font in a different style from the rest of the text, to highlight them. It is the equivalent of prosody stress in speech. Methods and use The most common methods in ...

indicate Controllers that became

in other years. Names in

italics In typography, italic type is a cursive font based on a stylised form of calligraphic handwriting. Owing to the influence from calligraphy, italics normally slant slightly to the right. Italics are a way to emphasise key points in a printed tex ...

are individuals who only sat on the Board of Control as mayor. :X = elected as Controller
:M = sitting as Mayor :B = elected as Controller in a

by-election A by-election, also known as a special election in the United States and the Philippines, a bye-election in Ireland, a bypoll in India, or a Zimni election (Urdu: ضمنی انتخاب, supplementary election) in Pakistan, is an election used to f ...

:A = appointed Controller to fill a vacancy

From 1896 to 1903

Municipal Boards of Control were created by the provincial government as a reform measure. From 1896 to 1903 the Toronto Board of Control was appointed by vote of Toronto City Council from among its own members and acted as an

or municipal cabinet. Controllers were chosen at the first council meeting in January after the annual municipal election. Three Controllers sat on the Board, in addition to the Mayor, until 1901 when the number of Controllers was increased to four. *Fleming resigned as mayor on August 6, 1897. Council elected Shaw to complete his term.

From 1904 to 1929

Originally, the Board of Control was appointed by the city council. In 1903, the Ontario legislature passed a law requiring municipal boards of control to be chosen through

direct election Direct election is a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the persons or political party that they desire to see elected. The method by which the winner or winners of a direct election are cho ...

by the municipality's voters. This requirement became effective in Toronto with the 1904 municipal election. * Richardson resigned after his election agent was charged with bribery. Shaw was elected to replace him in a by-election.

1930s and 1940s

From 1950 to abolition

With the formation of

Metropolitan Toronto The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was an upper-tier level of municipal government in Ontario, Canada, from 1953 to 1998. It was made up of the old city of Toronto and numerous townships, towns and villages that surrounded Toronto, whic ...

in April 1953, the two most senior controllers, in terms of votes at the municipal election, also sat on

Metropolitan Toronto Council The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was an upper-tier level of municipal government in Ontario, Canada, from 1953 to 1998. It was made up of the old city of Toronto and numerous townships, towns and villages that surrounded Toronto, whic ...

along with the

, the senior alderman from each of Toronto's nine wards, and mayors and reeves elected from the suburbs. * Mayor Summerville died in office, Givens was appointed mayor in his place. Archer was appointed to the Board of Control to fill the vacancy. ** In 1954, Controller Shannon died and Ward 9 Alderman Roy E. Belyea was appointed in his place."Precedent Cited for Filling Vacancies From City Council, ''The Globe and Mail'' (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. oronto, Ont2 Nov 1963: 4 *** Mayor Lamport resigned as mayor to become vice-chairman of the

Toronto Transit Commission The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) is the public transport agency that operates bus, subway, streetcar, and paratransit services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, some of which run into the Peel Region and York Region. It is the oldest and largest ...

, Saunders was appointed mayor in his place and Ward 8 Alderman Ross Lipsett was appointed to the Board of Control to fill the vacancy.

Election results

;

1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo ...

Margaret Campbell Margaret Campbell (April 24, 1883 – June 27, 1939) was an American character actress in silent films. In her later years she was the secretary of the Baháʼí Spiritual Assembly of Los Angeles. Career Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Campbell ...

- 88,036 : June Marks - 77,655 : Herbert Orliffe - 76,412 : Allan Lamport - 67,677 : George Ben - 63,206 : Joseph Piccininni - 58,122 :Phyllis Clarke - 10,162 :Arthur Young - 9,550 :John Charles Ewing - 6,071 :Dorothy Cureatz - 4,262 :Shaba Musa - 2,399 ;

1964 Events January * January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. * January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarc ...

: William Dennison - 68,892 : Herbert Orliffe - 66,280 : William Archer - 65,593 :

- 60,900 : George Ben - 59,751 : Richard Horkins - 47,906 :Harry Bradley - 12,949 :Phyllis Clarke - 10,284 :Fred Graham - 9,673 :Patricia Mitchell - 6,750 ;

1962 Events January * January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand. * January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism. * January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wor ...

Philip Givens Philip Gerald Givens, (April 24, 1922 – November 30, 1995) was a Canadian politician and judge. He was the Mayor of Toronto, a Member of Parliament (MP) and Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP). He was born and raised in Toronto and at ...

- 88,629 : Allan Lamport - 84,902 : William Dennison - 76,504 : Herbert Orliffe - 73,118 :

- 72,108 : Ken Waters - 62,019 :Phyllis Clarke - 16,151 :Frederick Graham - 10,475 :Dorothy Cureatz - 6,752 ;

1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Jan ...

: Donald Summerville - 110,893 : William Allen - 110,256 : William Dennison - 76,169 :

- 66,972 : Herbert Orliffe - 65,418 : Francis Chambers - 30,696 :William Harris - 14,493 :Jessie Jackson - 14,062 :Burke - 13,240 ;

1958 Events January * January 1 – The European Economic Community (EEC) comes into being. * January 3 – The West Indies Federation is formed. * January 4 ** Edmund Hillary's Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition completes the third ...

: Jean Newman - 59,243 : William Allen- 52,462 : Donald Summerville - 49,476 : William Dennison - 33,612 : Leslie Saunders - 33,469 : Roy E. Belyea - 27,024 : Ross Parry - 25,195 :James Karfilis - 10,971 :Harry Bradley - 10,499 : Ross Dowson - 4,539 :George Rolland - 3,834 ;

1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim ...

: Jean Newman - 54,785 : Ford Brand - 54,178 : William Allen - 54,038 : Joseph Cornish - 49,385 : Leslie Saunders - 47,048 :Harry Bradley - 16,450 :Charles Sims - 6961 :George Rolland - 5,632 ;

1955 Events January * January 3 – José Ramón Guizado becomes president of Panama. * January 17 – , the first nuclear-powered submarine, puts to sea for the first time, from Groton, Connecticut. * January 18– 20 – Battle of Yijia ...

: Ford Brand - 59,264 : Joseph Cornish - 55,162 : William Allen - 53,455 : Leslie Saunders - 46,528 :Arthur Brown - 41,351 :Harry Bradley - 14,802 : Alex Hodgins - 13,503 :Harry Hunter - 9,493 :George Rolland - 3,923 :George Stanton - 3,863 ;

1954 Events January * January 1 – The Soviet Union ceases to demand war reparations from West Germany. * January 3 – The Italian broadcaster RAI officially begins transmitting. * January 7 – Georgetown-IBM experiment: The fir ...

: Ford Brand - 69,540 : Roy E. Belyea - 66,223 : David Balfour - 62,871 : Joseph Cornish - 55,277 : Ross Lipsett - 45,385 :Harry Bradley - 20,488 :Harry Hunter - 14,114 :Nobleman - 9,413 :George Rolland - 5,280 ;

1953 Events January * January 6 – The Asian Socialist Conference opens in Rangoon, Burma. * January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a government-in-exile in Oslo. * January 14 ** Marshal Josip Broz Tito is chosen President of Yugosl ...

: Leslie Saunders - 62,397 : Louis Shannon - 57,635 : Ford Brand - 54,635 : David Balfour - 51,393 : Joseph Cornish - 46,701 :Harry Bradley - 18,686 :Harry Hunter - 14,194 ;

1952 Events January–February * January 26 – Black Saturday in Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. * February 6 ** Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, becomes ...

: Leslie Saunders - 71,597 : Louis Shannon - 61,154 : David Balfour - 58,898 : Ford Brand - 58,648 : Joseph Cornish - 41,086 : John McMechan - 30,219 : Stewart Smith - 19,061 :Harry Bradley - 17,480 :Frederick Vacher - 7,065 :Mahoney - 7,046 ;

1951 Events January * January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950). * January 9 – The Government of the Un ...

: Leslie Saunders - 95,838 : Ford Brand - 92,725 : David Balfour - 91,474 : Louis Shannon - 87,440 : Stewart Smith - 31,317 :Frederick Vacher - 20,039 ; December 1950 : John Innes - 93,656 : David Balfour - 81,577 : Leslie Saunders - 80,703 : Louis Shannon - 74,859 : Ford Brand - 66,235 : W.H. Collings - 59,380 : Stewart Smith - 28,309 :Mahoney - 8,210 :Frederick Vacher - 7,653 ; January 1950 : John Innes - 96,139 : Leslie Saunders - 87,799 : David Balfour - 78,090 : Allan Lamport - 72,436 : Louis Shannon - 72,059 : Stewart Smith - 45,251 :Harry Bradley- 21,719 :Frederick Vacher - 9,850 ;

1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2022. * January 2 – ...

: John Innes - 53,599 : Leslie Saunders - 57,746 : David Balfour - 55,271 : Allan Lamport - 52,037 : Stewart Smith - 43,364 : Kenneth Bert McKellar (incumbent) - 41,846 : Leonard Reilly - 20,756 : E.C. Roelofson (incumbent) - 11,905 :Harry Bradley- 9,701 ;

1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...

: Hiram E. McCallum - 83,812 : John Innes - 80,834 : David Balfour - 77,087 : Kenneth Bert McKellar - 75,356 : Stewart Smith - 47,791 :Harry Bradley - 15,711 :Harry Clairmont - 4,858 ;

1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country i ...

: Hiram E. McCallum - 58,524 : John Innes - 53,137 : David Balfour - 51,578 : Kenneth Bert McKellar - 49,680 : Stewart Smith - 42,106 :M.A. Sanderson - 26,136 :Harry Bradley - 10,749 :Harry Clairmont - 4,858 ;

1946 Events January * January 6 - The 1946 North Vietnamese parliamentary election, first general election ever in Vietnam is held. * January 7 – The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into f ...

: Hiram E. McCallum - 42,126 : Stewart Smith - 41,637 : David Balfour - 40,632 : Kenneth Bert McKellar - 35,627 : William J. Wadsworth - 35,477 : Leslie Saunders - 22,040 :Harry Bradley - 6,796 ;

1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. Janu ...

: David Balfour - 47,931 : William J. Wadsworth - 45,942 : Stewart Smith - 41,691 : Hiram E. McCallum - 41,201 : Leslie Saunders - 34,587 : E.C. Bogart - 34,258 : C.D Millen - 30,235 :Harry Bradley - 9,589 ;

1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in ...

Robert Hood Saunders Robert Hood Saunders, CBE, QC (May 30, 1903 – January 16, 1955) was mayor of Toronto from 1945 to 1948, President of the Canadian National Exhibition, chairman of the Ontario Hydro (formally named the Hydro Electric Power Commission of Ontario ...

(incumbent) - 73,383 : Fred Hamilton (incumbent) - 52,694 : William J. Wadsworth (incumbent) - 52,485 : David Balfour - 50,599 : Hiram E. McCallum - 50,337 : Stewart Smith - 41,277 : William Dennison - 30,026 :William Muir - 19,061 :Harry Bradley - 7,743 ;

1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 � ...

: Lewis Duncan - 40,060 :

- 33,081 : Fred Hamilton - 28,919 : William J. Wadsworth - 27,031 :C.E. Reynolds - 26,194 : Minerva Reid - 18,320 :J.C. Irwin - 16,860 :G.P. Granell - 5,010 :Harry Bradley - 3,590 ;

1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in ...

: Lewis Duncan - 41,656 :

- 28,923 : Fred Hamilton - 28,853 : William J. Wadsworth - 27,022 : Ralph Day - 24,208 : Minerva Reid - 20,337 :J.C. Irwin - 18,272 :N. Macmillan - 5,179 :Harry Bradley - 3,102 ;

1941 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January–August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar Eut ...

: Lewis Duncan - 49,382 : Fred Hamilton - 39,021 :

- 37,417 : William J. Wadsworth - 33,411 : Adelaide Plumptre - 33,021 : Ernest Bray - 26,391 : David A. Balfour - 20,849 :Day - 4,645 :Harry Bradley - 3,271 :Harding - 2,523 ;

1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *January ...

: Frederick J. Conboy - 78,672 : Douglas McNish - 68,774 : Fred Hamilton - 60,124 : William J. Wadsworth - 55,756 : David A. Balfour - 43,261 : Stewart Smith - 19,641 :Harding - 6,548 ; January 1939 : Frederick J. Conboy - 80,720 : Douglas McNish - 73,252 : Fred Hamilton - 54,516 : William J. Wadsworth - 49,446 :

William Croft William Croft ( baptised 30 December 1678 – 14 August 1727) was an English composer and organist. Life Croft was born at the Manor House, Nether Ettington, Warwickshire. He was educated at the Chapel Royal under the instruction of John Blo ...

- 48,798 : Tim Buck - 43,112 :

- 40,973 : William D. Robbins - 24,745 :Harry Bradley - 3,489 ; December 1937 : Frederick J. Conboy - 60,665 : William J. Wadsworth - 53,766 : Fred Hamilton - 47,493 : Douglas McNish - 44,402 : Tim Buck - 44,248 :

- 41,817 :Robert Allen - 15,283 :Harry Bradley - 4,623 ; December 1936 : Ralph Day - 56,847 : Frederick J. Conboy - 48,976 : William J. Wadsworth - 48,047 : Fred Hamilton - 39,003 : Douglas McNish - 32,265 : Tim Buck - 31,342 :Alfred Burgess - 3,983 :Harry Bradley - 3,295 ; January 1936 : Ralph Day - 68,335 : William J. Wadsworth - 62,838 : J. George Ramsden - 52,170 : William D. Robbins - 51,465 : Joseph Enoch Thompson - 31,546 :Miller - 30,613 : Tim Buck - 20,873 :Harry Bradley - 4,986 ;

1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * January 12 – Amelia Earhart b ...

: Sam McBride - 71,177 : William J. Wadsworth - 58,783 : William D. Robbins - 44,820 : Ralph Day - 41,515 : Claude Pierce - 34,064 : Adelaide Plumptre - 32,872 : A.E. Hacker - 29,110 :Frank Regan - 26,242 : Tim Buck - 9,938 ;

1934 Events January–February * January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established. * January 15 – The 8.0 Nepal–Bihar earthquake strikes Nepal and Bihar with a m ...

: Sam McBride - 54,855 : J. George Ramsden - 48,152 : James Simpson - 47,358 : William D. Robbins - 37,714 : William J. Wadsworth - 36,289 : Claude Pierce - 31,156 : Percy Quinn - 26,872 :Alice Buck - 9,767 :Harry Bradley - 2,623 ;

1933 Events January * January 11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. * January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wis ...

: J. George Ramsden - 55,503 : Sam McBride - 55,323 : James Simpson - 54,218 : William D. Robbins - 48,061 : Albert Hacker - 37,019 :John Boland - 36,645 :William Miller - 18,836 :Cotton - 11,871 :Alice Buck - 10,155 :W.J. Haire - 3,066 :J.H.H. Ballantyne - 2,183 ;

1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...

: James Simpson - 42,010 : J. George Ramsden - 38,200 : Sam McBride - 31,939 : William D. Robbins - 31,067 : Albert Hacker - 30,348 : Claude Pearce - 23,659 :Cotton - 6,440 : Tim Buck - 5,974 :Harry Bradley - 1,726 ;

1931 Events January * January 2 – South Dakota native Ernest Lawrence invents the cyclotron, used to accelerate particles to study nuclear physics. * January 4 – German pilot Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa. * January 22 � ...

: J. George Ramsden - 51,043 : William D. Robbins - 50,801 : James Simpson - 48,105 : Albert Hacker - 43,763 : John Boland - 41,779 : Claude Pearce (incumbent) - 40,431 : W.A. Summerville (incumbent) - 19,087 :Foster - 13,491 :Cotton - 9,014 :King - 3,154 : Tim Buck - 3,010 ;

1930 Events January * January 15 – The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at in recent history, and the next one will be ...

: W.A. Summerville (incumbent) - 47,418 : Claude Pearce - 46,692 : James Simpson - 44,921 : William D. Robbins - 39,023 :Benjamin Miller - 37,156 : Frank Whetter (incumbent) - 31,772 :Brook Sykes - 28,043 :Wesley Benson - 25,054 :Harry Bradley - 2,617 ;

1929 This year marked the end of a period known in American history as the Roaring Twenties after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 ushered in a worldwide Great Depression. In the Americas, an agreement was brokered to end the Cristero War, a Catholic ...

: Bert Wemp (incumbent) - 43,464 : Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 32,734 : W.A. Summerville - 30,292 : A.E. Hacker (incumbent) - 28,667 : R.H. Cameron - 27,266 : Claude Pearce - 27,245 : William D. Robbins (incumbent) - 23,796 : James Simpson - 12,816 ;

1928 Events January * January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA. * January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhanov, J ...

: Bert Wemp (incumbent) - 47,153 : Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 45,655 : A.E. Hacker (incumbent) - 33,433 : William D. Robbins - 29,359 : D.C. MacGregor (incumbent) - 28,858 :Brook Sykes - 24,427 :Miller - 18,122 : James Simpson - 12,954 ;

1927 Events January * January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith becomes the first Director-General. * January 7 ** ...

: Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 48,739 : A.E. Hacker (incumbent) - 43,153 : D.C. MacGregor (incumbent) - 34,813 : Bert Wemp - 34,450 : J. George Ramsden - 26,489 : Clifford Blackburn - 22,959 : Frank Whetter - 21,878 : James Simpson - 10,946 ;

1926 Events January * January 3 – Theodoros Pangalos (general), Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator in Greece. * January 8 **Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud is crowned King of Kingdom of Hejaz, Hejaz. ** Bảo Đại, Crown Prince Nguyễn P ...

: Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 37,608 : Sam McBride - 36,211 : A.E. Hacker (incumbent) - 31,427 : D.C. MacGregor (incumbent) - 30,975 : William D. Robbins - 30,320 : William C. McBrien - 29,923 : Bert Wemp - 28,024 : Frank Whetter - 21,722 :W.E. Hamilton - 2,590 ;

1925 Events January * January 1 ** The Syrian Federation is officially dissolved, the State of Aleppo and the State of Damascus having been replaced by the State of Syria. * January 3 – Benito Mussolini makes a pivotal speech in the I ...

: Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 39,299 : A.E. Hacker (incumbent) - 34,369 : William D. Robbins - 33,172 : D.C. MacGregor - 30,326 : R.H. Cameron (incumbent) - 29,086 : James Simpson - 14,573 :Birks - 4,321 ;

1924 Events January * January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots Ernest Day, whom he has mistaken for Sir Charles Tegart, the police commissioner of Calcutta, and is arrested soon after. * January 20– 30 – Kuomintang in China hold ...

: Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 42,778 : Thomas Foster (incumbent) - 34,435 : A.E. Hacker - 32,689 : R.H. Cameron - 30,621 : D.C. MacGregor - 26,637 : William D. Robbins - 26,594 :F.M. Johnston - 22,542 :J.R. Beamish - 20,161 ;

1923 Events January–February * January 9 – Lithuania begins the Klaipėda Revolt to annex the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory). * January 11 – Despite strong British protests, troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area, t ...

: Thomas Foster (incumbent) - 36,040 : Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 33,740 : Wesley Hiltz (incumbent) - 32,551 : Joseph Singer - 32,033 : Sam McBride - 30,606 : A.R. Nesbitt (incumbent) - 29,947 :Alfred Burgess - 24,876 :James Russell Lovett Starr - 25,931 ;

1922 Events January * January 7 – Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes. * January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éireann, the day after Éamon de Valera ...

: Thomas Foster - 23,355 : Wesley Hiltz (incumbent) - 20,001 : Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 18,647 : A.R. Nesbitt (incumbent) - 16,453 : William D. Robbins - 16,814 : R.H. Cameron - 15,403 : J. George Ramsden - 14,721 : Clifford Blackburn - 12,950 :William Varley - 3,419 ;

1921 Events January * January 2 ** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in Brazil. ** The Spanish liner ''Santa Isabel'' break ...

: Charles A. Maguire (incumbent) - 34,141 : Wesley Hiltz - 22,615 : Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 18,612 : A.R. Nesbitt - 19,202 : William D. Robbins - 18,015 : R.H. Cameron (incumbent) - 17,872 : J. George Ramsden (incumbent) - 17,393 : Herbert Henry Ball - 16,911 ;

1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own ...

: Charles A. Maguire (incumbent) - 28,438 : Joseph Gibbons - 23,269 : R.H. Cameron (incumbent) - 21,055 : J. George Ramsden - 18,473 : William D. Robbins (incumbent) - 17,716 : Herbert Henry Ball - 16,506 : James Simpson - 10,832 :Wright - 7,927 ;

1919 Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Bratislava, Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY Iolaire, HMY ''Io ...

: Charles A. Maguire (incumbent) - 19,963 : R.H. Cameron - 19,094 : Sam McBride (incumbent) - 18,476 : William D. Robbins (incumbent) - 19,270 : Joseph Gibbons - 16,397 :Garnet Archibald - 15,603 :Fred McBrien - 13,570 ;

1918 This year is noted for the end of the World War I, First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Belo ...

: John O'Neill (incumbent) - 24,952 : William D. Robbins - 19,000 : Sam McBride - 17,850 : Charles A. Maguire - 17,711 : William Henry Shaw (incumbent) - 14,255 :D.C. MacGregor - 14,468 :Garnet Archibald - 8,992 :Miles Vokes - 2,720 :Edward Meek - 2,262 ;

1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...

: R.H. Cameron (incumbent) - 15,615 : John O'Neill (incumbent) - 15,141 : Thomas Foster (incumbent) - 13,939 : William Henry Shaw - 11,967 : James Simpson - 10,779 : Sam McBride - 10,085 : Frank S. Spence - 9,281 ;

1916 Events Below, the events of the First World War have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 1 – The British Royal Army Medical Corps carries out the first successful blood transfusion, using blood that had been stored and cooled. * ...

: Joseph Elijah Thompson (incumbent) -18,209 : John O'Neill (incumbent) - 17,572 : Thomas Foster (incumbent) - 16,085 : R.H. Cameron - 15,391 : James Simpson (incumbent) - 13,080 : Frank S. Spence (incumbent) - 12,652 :John Dunn - 11,009 ;

1915 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January *January – British physicist Sir Joseph Larmor publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction". *January 1 * ...

: John O'Neill (incumbent) - 20,751 : Thomas Foster - 18,608 : Frank S. Spence - 17,747 : Joseph Elijah Thompson - 16,505 : James Simpson (incumbent) - 16,349 :Fred McBrien - 15,447 :John Wanless - 13,044 ;

1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It als ...

: James Simpson - 20,695 : J.O. McCarthy (incumbent) - 17,490 : Tommy Church (incumbent) - 17,085 : John O'Neill (incumbent) - 14,597 : Joseph Elijah Thompson - 14,233 : Thomas Foster (incumbent) - 13,929 :Robert Yeomans - 11,708 :Eckardt - 7,755 ;

1913 Events January * January 5 – First Balkan War: Battle of Lemnos (1913), Battle of Lemnos – Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not ven ...

: Thomas Foster (incumbent) - 15,861 : John O'Neill - 14,600 : J.O. McCarthy (incumbent) - 14,036 : Tommy Church (incumbent) - 12,765 : Frank S. Spence (incumbent) - 11,976 :Robert Yeomens - 10,713 : James Simpson - 10,122 : Charles A. Maguire - 9,388 : J.J. Ward - 9,278 :George R. Sweeny - 1,643 :Richard Woods - 498 ;

1912 Events January * January 1 – The Republic of China is established. * January 5 – The Prague Conference (6th All-Russian Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party) opens. * January 6 ** German geophysicist Alfr ...

: Horatio Clarence Hocken (incumbent) - 16,904 : J.O. McCarthy - 14,897 : Thomas Foster - 14,462 : Tommy Church (incumbent) - 12,149 : Frank S. Spence (incumbent) - 12,003 : J.J. Ward (incumbent) - 11,735 :O'Donohue - 4,022 :George R. Sweeny - 3,921 ;

1911 A notable ongoing event was the race for the South Pole. Events January * January 1 – A decade after federation, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory are added to the Commonwealth of Australia. * Ja ...

: Horatio Clarence Hocken - 22,761 : Frank S. Spence(incumbent) - 16,187 : J.J. Ward (incumbent) - 15,999 : Tommy Church (incumbent) - 15,760 : Thomas Foster (incumbent) - 15,540 :Thomas Davies - 3,285 ;

1910 Events January * January 13 – The first public radio broadcast takes place; live performances of the operas ''Cavalleria rusticana'' and '' Pagliacci'' are sent out over the airwaves, from the Metropolitan Opera House in New York C ...

: Frank S. Spence - 13,879 : J.J. Ward (incumbent) - 13,401 : Tommy Church - 12,657 : Thomas Foster - 10,841 : William Spence Harrison (incumbent) - 9,946 : William Peyton Hubbard - 9,498 :Mark Bredin - 8,708 :James Henry McGhie - 7,511 :James Hales - 5,852 :Albert Chamberlain - 2,730 ;

1909 Events January–February * January 4 – Explorer Aeneas Mackintosh of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition escaped death by fleeing across ice floes. * January 7 – Colombia recognizes the independence of Panama. * Januar ...

George Reginald Geary George Reginald Geary, (August 12, 1872 – April 30, 1954) was a Canadian politician. He was a Conservative member of the House of Commons from 1925 to 1935. He also served as Mayor of Toronto from 1910 to 1912. Background Born August 12 ...

- 19,027 : Horatio Clarence Hocken (incumbent) - 17,380 : J.J. Ward (incumbent) - 15,782 : William Spence Harrison (incumbent) - 13,509 : Frank S. Spence (incumbent) - 12,933 : William Peyton Hubbard - 11,275 :Hales - 8,171 :Robert Buist Noble - 1,287 :James O'Hara - 779 ;

1908 Events January * January 1 – The British ''Nimrod'' Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton sets sail from New Zealand on the '' Nimrod'' for Antarctica. * January 3 – A total solar eclipse is visible in the Pacific Ocean, and is the 4 ...

: Horatio Clarence Hocken (incumbent) - 16,844 : Frank S. Spence - 11,512 : William Spence Harrison (incumbent) - 10,312 : J.J. Ward (incumbent) - 10,075 : William Peyton Hubbard (incumbent) - 9,203 : John Shaw - 6,385 :Robert Fleming - 5,640 :Oliver Sheppard - 5,099 :John Dunn - 4,434 : John Enoch Thompson - 1,291 : James Lindala - 1,220 :Hugh MacMath - 1,013 :Robert Buist Noble - 745 :James O'Hara - 367 :Joel Marvin Briggs - 232 ;

1907 Events January * January 14 – 1907 Kingston earthquake: A 6.5 Moment magnitude scale, Mw earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica, kills between 800 and 1,000. February * February 11 – The French warship French cruiser Jean Bart ( ...

: J.J. Ward (incumbent) - 9,362 : William Spence Harrison - 9,054 : Horatio Clarence Hocken - 8,639 : William Peyton Hubbard (incumbent) - 8,483 :Robert Fleming - 7,077 : S. Alfred Jones (incumbent) - 6,710 : John Shaw (incumbent) - 6,465 :John Dunn - 5,038 :Davies - 1,390 :Joel Marvin Briggs - 496 ;

1906 Events January–February * January 12 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: A nationalistic coalition of merchants, religious leaders and intellectuals in Persia forces the shah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar to grant a constitution, a ...

: William Peyton Hubbard (incumbent) - 14,081 : S. Alfred Jones - 14,039 : J.J. Ward (incumbent) - 13,770 : John Shaw (incumbent) - 12,524 :Hastings - 11,308 ;

1905 As the second year of the massive Russo-Japanese War begins, more than 100,000 die in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos leads to the 1905 Russian Revolution against Nicholas II of Russia (Shostakovich's 11th Symphony is ...

: Frank S. Spence (incumbent) - 13,032 : J.J. Ward - 12,993 : William Peyton Hubbard (incumbent) - 12,880 : John Shaw - 12,436 :James Russell Lovett Starr - 9,823 : Joseph Oliver - 8,141 : Thomas Foster - 6,395 :G.R. Ramsden - 5,839 :Frank Moses - 5,048 :A.R. Denison - 4,925 : Edward Hanlan - 2,178 ;

1904 Events January * January 7 – The distress signal '' CQD'' is established, only to be replaced 2 years later by ''SOS''. * January 8 – The Blackstone Library is dedicated, marking the beginning of the Chicago Public Library system. ...

: Frank S. Spence - 12,294 : John F. Loudon - 11,121 : William Peyton Hubbard - 8,950 : Fred H. Richardson - 8,923 :William Burns - 8,641 :James Russell Lovett Starr - 8,639 : Joseph Oliver - 8,598 : John Shaw - 7,184

Suburban Boards of Control

Several other municipalities in

also created Boards of Control.

Etobicoke Etobicoke (, ) is an administrative district of, and one of six municipalities amalgamated into, the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Comprising the city's west-end, Etobicoke was first settled by Europeans in the 1790s, and the municipal ...

created its Board of Control in the 1962 municipal election and

North York North York is one of the six administrative districts of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located directly north of York, Old Toronto and East York, between Etobicoke to the west and Scarborough to the east. As of the 2016 Census, it had a pop ...

first elected its Board of Control in the 1964 municipal election. Scarborough and

York York is a cathedral city with Roman origins, sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. It is the historic county town of Yorkshire. The city has many historic buildings and other structures, such as ...

launched their boards at the 1966 election. North York, and Scarborough had 5 person boards consisting of their respective mayors and four controllers elected at large while York's board consisted of a mayor and two Controllers.

East York East York is a former administrative district and municipality within Toronto, Ontario, Canada. From 1967 to 1998, it was officially the Borough of East York, a semi-autonomous borough within the upper-tier municipality of Metropolitan Toro ...

never created a Board of Control. Etobicoke's board consisted of the reeve and two Controllers until the 1966 election when it expanded to four Controllers and the mayor. The top two candidates from the Toronto Board of Control also sat on, Metro Toronto Council. Beginning with the 1966 municipal election, several members of suburban Boards of Control sat on Metro Council as well as their borough's council - the number depended on the number of seats on Metro Council that borough was allocated. With the 1988 municipal election, the suburban Boards of Control were abolished and Metro Councillors were instead directly elected from special Metro Wards (consisting of two local wards).

Etobicoke

Beginning in 1966, the top three candidates for Etobicoke's Board of Control also sat on Metro Council. Names in

indicate Controllers that were or became Reeve or Mayor of Etobicoke in other years.

Italics In typography, italic type is a cursive font based on a stylised form of calligraphic handwriting. Owing to the influence from calligraphy, italics normally slant slightly to the right. Italics are a way to emphasise key points in a printed tex ...

indicate those who only sat on the Board of Control as mayor. X = elected as Controller
A = appointed Controller to fill a vacancy
M = sitting as Reeve or Mayor *Dennis Flynn resigned as mayor as a result of his appointment as

Metro Chairman The Chairman of the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto or Metro Chairman was the regional chair of Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and the most senior political figure in the municipality. The Metro Chairman was elected by the members ...

in August 1984. On September 4, 1984, Etobicoke City Council appointed Controller Bruce Sinclair to replace Flynn as mayor and appointed Lois Griffin to fill the Controller position vacated by Sinclair.

North York

Names in

indicate Controllers that were or became Mayor of North York in other years.

indicate those who only sat on the Board of Control as mayor. Beginning in 1966, all of North York's Controllers also sat on Metro Council. X = elected as Controller
A = appointed Controller to fill a vacancy
M = sitting as Reeve or Mayor * Booth died in 1970 and was replaced by

Paul Godfrey Paul Victor Godfrey, CM, OOnt (born January 1939) is a businessman and former Canadian politician. During his career, Godfrey was a North York alderman, Chairman of Metro Toronto, President of the ''Toronto Sun'' and head of the Toronto Blue ...

who served out the balance of his term. Godfrey was reelected in 1972, but resigned when he was elected

in 1973 following the death of Metro Chairman Albert Campbell. North York Council elected Alderman William Sutherland to replace Godfrey on the Board of Control on July 23, 1973. **Shiner died on December 19, 1987. Councillor

Mario Gentile Mario Gentile (b. 1948 or 1949-) is a former municipal politician in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He served as a councillor and city controller in North York, and was also a member of the Metropolitan Toronto council. His political career ended with ...

was appointed to the Board of Control in February 1988 to fill Shiner's seat.

Scarborough

All of Scarborough's Controllers also sat on Metro Council. X = elected as Controller
A = appointed Controller to fill a vacancy
M = sitting as Mayor *Albert Campbell resigned as mayor after being elected

on October 1, 1969. Scarborough Council appointed Robert W. White to fill the vacancy as mayor and, on October 6, 1969, appointed Alderman Ken Morrish to the Board of Control to fill White's vacant position as Controller.Alderman gels controller post in Scarboro The Globe and Mail (1936-Current); Oct 7, 1969; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The Globe and Mail pg. 5 **Paul Cosgrove resigned as mayor after being elected to the

House of Commons of Canada The House of Commons of Canada (french: Chambre des communes du Canada) is the lower house of the Parliament of Canada. Together with the Crown and the Senate of Canada, they comprise the bicameral legislature of Canada. The House of Commons i ...

in an October 16, 1978 by-election. Ken Morrish was appointed acting mayor in Cosgrove's place and Frank Faubert was appointed to the Board of Control to fill Morrish's vacated Controller position. Morrish was defeated by Gus Harris in the mayoral election a month later. ***Trimmer served as mayor from 1988 to 1993; Faubert was mayor from 1994 to 1997

York

York's two Controllers also sat on Metro Council. Names in

indicate Controllers that were or became Mayor of York in other years.

indicate those who only sat on the Board of Control as mayor. X = elected as Controller
A = appointed Controller to fill a vacancy
M = sitting as Reeve or Mayor *Brown served as mayor from 1988 to 1994

References

Bibliography: * Notes: *"Toronto Council Votes to Drop Board of Control." ''Toronto Star''. December 19, 1968. pg 31 *"Farewell Board, of Control?" ''Toronto Star''. December 20, 1968. {{DEFAULTSORT:Toronto Board Of Control Board of Control History of Toronto