Turkish folk music (''Türk Halk Müziği'') is the traditional music of
Turkish people
The Turkish people, or simply the Turks ( tr, Türkler), are the world's largest Turkic ethnic group; they speak various dialects of the Turkish language and form a majority in Turkey and Northern Cyprus. In addition, centuries-old ethnic ...
living in
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
influenced by the cultures of Anatolia and former territories in
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...
and
Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...
. Its unique structure includes regional differences under one umbrella. It includes popular music from the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
era. After the foundation of the
Turkish Republic
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
in 1923, Turkish President
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ordered a wide-scale classification and archiving of samples of Turkish folk music from around the country, which, from 1924 to 1953 collected around 10,000 folk songs. Traditional folk music was combined with Western harmony and musical notation to create a more modern style of popular Turkish music.
History and development
Western music had begun to influence Ottoman music from before the early
Tanzimat period. According to Degirmenci "the first westernization movement in music happened in the Army; in 1826
Giuseppe Donizetti, brother of the famous opera composer Gaetano, was invited to head the military band of
Nizam-i Cedid
The Nizam-i Cedid ( ota, نظام جديد, Niẓām-ı Cedīd, lit=new order) was a series of reforms carried out by Ottoman Sultan Selim III during the late 18th and the early 19th centuries in a drive to catch up militarily and politically wi ...
(the Army of the New Order), which was founded by Selim III."
Sultan Abdulhamit II was said to prefer Western music, saying "To tell the truth, I am not especially fond of alaturka music. It makes you sleepy, and I prefer alafranga music, in particular the operas and operettas."
Music in the Ottoman period is often classified into the music of the palace (Classical
Turkish Art Music, which became Turkish Art Music in the Republic), local traditional or rural music, and the music of religious orders, called ''tekke'' music. All the old Ottoman musical institutions and religious institutions were closed down at the start of the Republic period.
Turkish nationalist intellectual
Ziya Gokalp "stressed the importance of collecting folksongs to create a national music culture and indeed he engaged in the activity of collecting folksongs in Diyarbakir and carried out ethnographic research among Arabs, Kurdish, and Turkish tribes and hoped to establish a small museum of ethnography there."
According to Gokalp, "our national music... is to be born of a synthesis of our folk music and Western music. Our folk music provides us with a rich treasure of melodies. By collecting and arranging them on a basis of Western techniques, we shall have built a national and modern music."
The Ministry of Education established the Bureau of Culture in 1920, which began to collect folk songs, around a hundred of which were published as ''Yurdumuzun Nagmeleri'' (Melodies of our Country) in 1926. Hungarian composer
Béla Bartók was also invited to help collect folk songs in Turkey,
2000 of which were published between 1925 and 1935.
A group of composers including
Adnan Saygun and
Ulvi Cemal who had been sent to study abroad on state scholarships, "took part in full-scale expeditions for the collection of folk music that were organized and sponsored by the Istanbul Municipal Conservatory (Istanbul Belediye Konservatuvari) between 1926 and 1929, and by the Ankara State Conservatory (Ankara Devlet Konservatuvarl) between 1936 and 1952".
Turkish 'folk music' was not a unified form of music until the state construction of the early Turkish Republic. Degirmenci has noted that "the history or the reconstruction of Turkish folk music reflects political aspects of the formation of the nation-state and Turkish nationalism."
The foundation of the Turkish Republic also saw attempts to collect folkloric stories, and to create a more unified and pure Turkish language by removing many Persian and Arabic words to construct a vocabulary supposedly closer to that of ordinary people.
In 1937, a Turkish state radio was established and the dissemination of Turkish folk music became a priority for those in charge. Musicians were recruited by Muzaffer Sarisozen, "who acted as a talent scout, hand-picking regional performers who displayed exceptional talent."
In the 1960s, musicians like
Aşık Veysel Aşık is Turkish for Ashik, a traditional musician and troubadour
Aşık is a Turkish name. Notable people with the name include:
Given name
* Aşık Çelebi (1520–1572), Ottoman biographer, poet, and translator
* Âşık İbretî (1920–1976) ...
,
Neşet Ertaş
Neşet Ertaş (1938 – 25 September 2012) was a Turkish folk music singer, lyricist, modern ashik and virtuoso of the traditional Turkish instrument the bağlama. His profession in Turkish is known as ''halk ozanı'', which literally means ...
, Bedia Akartürk became popular folk artists. In the 1970s and 1980s, with the rising popularity of
arabesque
The arabesque is a form of artistic decoration consisting of "surface decorations based on rhythmic linear patterns of scrolling and interlacing foliage, tendrils" or plain lines, often combined with other elements. Another definition is "Foli ...
and
Turkish light western, Turkish folk music lost some ground, but singers like
Belkıs Akkale, İzzet Altınmeşe,
Selda Bağcan
Selda Bağcan (; born December 14, 1948) is a Turkish folk singer-songwriter, guitarist, and music producer.
Early life
Selda Bağcan was born in 1948 in the western Turkish town of Muğla. Her father was a veterinarian medician of Macedonian ...
,
Güler Duman
Güler Duman (born June 25, 1967) is a Turkish singer, songwriter, composer, TV host and music teacher. She concentrates on Turkish folk music.
Early life
Güler Duman was born in Istanbul on June 30, 1967. Originally, Erzurum was Aşkale. When ...
, and
Arif Sağ
Arif Sağ (born 1945) is a Turkish singer, bağlama virtuoso, and leading figure in modern Turkish folk music. A former academic, he was also a member of the Turkish parliament from 1987 to 1991.
Early years
Arif Sağ was born to a miller at Dal ...
made hit songs and became important representatives of the genre. By the late 1980s, proponents of a Kemalist-inspired Turkish folk music began to worry that the "Ataturk's "musical revolution" had not been entirely successful. Its failure could be demonstrated by the fact that the cultural vacuum in Turkish society alluded to by Gokalp had been filled not with the proposed new national fusion music, but with the hated arabesk, a genre that embodied the ideals and aesthetic of a predominantly foreign Eastern element."
Türkü
''Türkü'', literally "of the Turk", is a name given to Turkish folk songs as opposed to
şarkı
A ''şarkı'' is an art song in Ottoman classical music which forms one of the movements of a ''fasıl
The ''fasıl'' is a suite in Ottoman classical music. It is similar to the Arabic '' nawba'' and '' waslah''.
A classical ''fasıl'' general ...
, literally "of the east". In contemporary usage, the meanings of the words türkü and şarkı have shifted: Türkü refers to folk songs originated from music traditions within Turkey whereas şarkı refers to all other songs, including foreign music.
Classically, Türküs can be grouped into two categories according to their melodies:
* Kırık havalar: These have regularly rhythmic melodies. Following subtypes belong to this category: deyiş, koşma, semah, tatyan, barana,
zeybek,
horon
Horon ( pnt, χορόν, khorón) is a traditional folk dance from Pontus or Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey.
Name Etymology
The term ''horon'' derives from Greek '' choros'' ( el, χορός, khorós), which means "dance." The earliest in ...
,
halay
Halay is the national dance of Turkey and a regional category of folk dance styles in central, southern, eastern, and southeastern regions of the country. It is mainly performed by Turks, Arabs, and Kurds in Turkey. Halay and similar dances are ...
, bar, bengi, sallama, güvende,
oyun havası
Oyun is a Local Government Area in Kwara State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Ilemona.
It has an area of 476 km and a population of 94,253 at the 2006 census.
The postal code
A postal code (also known locally in variou ...
, karşılama, ağırlama, peşrev, teke zortlatması, gakgili havası, dımıdan, zil havası, fingil havası.
* Uzun havalar: These have non-rhythmic or irregularly rhythmic melodies. The following subtypes belong to this category: barak,
bozlak Bozlak is a form of Turkish folk song from Central Anatolia accompanied by the long-necked baglama (divan sazı), davul and zurna. The main subjects of the melancholic songs are separation and love. The songs begin with a very high pitched vocal ...
, gurbet havası, yas havası, tecnis, boğaz havası, elagözlü, maya, hoyrat, divan, yol havası, yayla havası, mugam,
gazel
''Gazel'' is a form of Turkish music that has almost died out. While in other parts of West Asia, ''gazel'' is synonymous with '' ghazal'', in Turkey it denotes an improvised form of solo singing that is sometimes accompanied by the '' ney'', '' ud ...
,
uzun hava (is used for the ones which don't fit into any other subtype)
Varieties of style, scales, and rhythm
Music accompanied by words can be classified under the following headings: ''
Türkü'' (folksongs), ''Koşma'' (free-form folk songs about love or nature), ''Semai'' (folk song in Semai poetic form), ''Mani'' (a traditional Turkish quatrain form), ''
Dastan
Dastan ( fa, داستان ''dâstân'', meaning "story" or "tale") is an ornate form of oral history from Central Asia, Iran, Turkey and Azerbaijan.
A dastan is generally centered on one individual who protects his tribe or his people from ...
'' (epic), ''Deyiş'' (speech), ''Uzun Hava'' (long melody), ''Bozlak'' (a folk song form), ''Ağıt'' (a lament), ''Hoyrat'', ''Maya'' (a variety of Turkish folksong), ''Boğaz Havası'' (throat tune), ''Teke Zortlatması'', ''Ninni'' (lullaby), ''Tekerleme'' (a playful form in folk narrative), etc. These are divided into free-forms or improvisations with no obligatory metrical or rhythmic form, known as "Uzun Hava", and those that have a set metrical or rhythmic structure, known as "Kırık Havalar" (broken melodies). Both can also be employed at the same time.
Music generally played without words, and dance tunes, go by the names ''Halay'', ''Bengi'', ''
Karsilamas
Karsilamas (From tr, karşılama, in Greek: ) is a Turkish folk dance spread all over Northwest Turkey and carried to Greece by Anatolian Greek immigrants. The term "karşılama" means "encounter, welcoming, greeting" in Turkish.
The dance is po ...
'', ''Zeybek'', ''Horon'', ''Bar'', etc.
Each region in Turkey has its own special folk dances and costumes.
Here are some of the most popular:
*
Hora - A type of circle dance, also known as
Syrtos
Syrtos ( el, συρτός, ''syrtos'' (also ''sirtos''); plural , ''syrtoi'' (also ''sirtoi''); sometimes called in English using the Greek accusative forms ''syrto'' (also ''sirto''); from the el, links=no, σύρω, ''syro'' (also ''siro''), ...
.
*
Horon
Horon ( pnt, χορόν, khorón) is a traditional folk dance from Pontus or Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey.
Name Etymology
The term ''horon'' derives from Greek '' choros'' ( el, χορός, khorós), which means "dance." The earliest in ...
- This dance is from
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Rom ...
region, was performed by men only living in Trabzon, dressed in black with silver trimmings. Today, the dancers link arms and quiver to the vibrations of the
kemenche
Kemenche ( tr, kemençe) or Lyra is a name used for various types of stringed bowed musical instruments originating in the Eastern Mediterranean, particularly in Armenia, Greece, Iran, Turkey, and Azerbaijan. and regions adjacent to the Black S ...
(an instrument similar to violin).
*Kasap Havası/
Hasapiko
The hasapiko ( el, χασάπικο, , meaning “the butcher's ance) is a Greek folk dance from Constantinople. The dance originated in the Middle Ages as a battle mime with swords performed by the Greek butchers' guild, which adopted it fr ...
-
*
Kaşık Oyunu - The
Spoon Dance is performed from
Konya
Konya () is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province. During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium (), although the Seljuks also called it ...
to
Silifke
Silifke ( grc-gre, Σελεύκεια, ''Seleukeia'', la, Seleucia ad Calycadnum) is a town and district in south-central Mersin Province, Turkey, west of the city of Mersin, on the west end of Çukurova.
Silifke is near the Mediterranean co ...
and consists of gaily dressed male and female dancers 'clicking' out the dance rhythm with a pair of wooden spoons in each hand.
*
Kılıç Kalkan - The Sword and Shield Dance of
Bursa represents the Ottoman conquest of the city. It is performed by men only, in Ottoman battle-dress, who dance to the sound of clashing swords and shields, without music.
*
Zeybek - In this
Aegean dance, dancers, called "efe", symbolize courage and heroism.
Scales
Although some of the scales ('ayak' - foot) employed in Turkish folk music melodies are similar to some of the '
makam
The Turkish makam ( Turkish: ''makam'' pl. ''makamlar''; from the Arabic word ) is a system of melody types used in Turkish classical music and Turkish folk music. It provides a complex set of rules for composing and performance. Each makam spec ...
' scales of traditional Ottoman/Turkish Classical Music, not all of the folk music scales have Classical music counterparts, and there are important differences between the two concepts. The 'makam' of Turkish Classical Music is not just a scale, but has certain rules of progression, which in some cases are quite detailed, and in the course of the development the whole scale of the makam is used. Though sometimes referred to as makams by exponents of Turkish Classical Music, the scales of Turkish Folk Music are more properly called 'ayak' (foot) and are simply scales, with no rules of progression, thus bearing closer comparison with the concept of medieval church modes than do makams. Furthermore, in many Turkish folk songs only part of the scale is used. Both forms of music are diatonic, but use notes that are additional to the 12 semitones of western music. In Turkish folk music, for example, some scales include a note roughly halfway between B and B flat.
The scales of Turkish folk music are associated with different regions, and can be known by different names depending on the region, such as: Beşiri, Garip, Kerem,
Misket, and Müstezad.
Time signatures
A wide variety of time signatures are used in Turkish folk music. In addition to simple ones such as 2/4, 4/4 and 3/4, others such as 5/8, 7/8, 9/8, 7/4, and 5/4 are common. Combinations of several basic rhythms often results in longer, complex rhythms that fit into time signatures such as 8/8, 10/8, and 12/8.
Instruments
Stringed instruments
Plucked
stringed instrument
String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when a performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner.
Musicians play some string instruments by plucking the st ...
s include the
saz, a family of long-necked lutes including the guitar-sized
bağlama (the most common) and the smaller
cura
Cura or CURA may refer to:
Music
* ''Cura'' (album), 2018 Keys N Krates release
* Cura (instrument), Turkish musical instrument
Organizations
* Center for Urban and Regional Analysis (CURA), Ohio State University
* Institute on Culture, R ...
and
kanun, a type of
box zither
The box zither is a class of stringed instrument in the form of a trapezoid-shaped or rectangular, hollow box. The strings of the box zither are either struck with light hammers or plucked. Among the most popular plucked box zithers are the Arab ...
. Several regional traditions use bowed stringed instruments such as the
kabak kemane (gourd fiddle) and the
Black Sea Kemançe.
Wind instruments
Woodwind instrument
Woodwind instruments are a family of musical instruments within the greater category of wind instruments. Common examples include flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, and saxophone. There are two main types of woodwind instruments: flutes and r ...
s, include the double-reed, shawm-like
zurna
The zurna ( Armenian: զուռնա zuṙna; Old Armenian: սուռնայ suṙnay; Albanian: surle/surla; Persian: karna/Kornay/surnay; Macedonian: зурла/сурла zurla/surla; Bulgarian: ''зурна/зурла''; Serbian: зурла/zu ...
, Mey (
Duduk), the single reed, clarinet-like
sipsi
The sipsi () is a clarinet-like, single-reed instrument used mainly in folk music and native to the Aegean region of Greece and Turkey. The word ''sipsi'' is possibly onomatopoeic. In ancient Greece, it was known as kalamavlos (καλάμαυλος ...
, the single-reed twin-piped
çifte, the end-blown flutes
kaval and
ney, and the droneless bagpipe, the
tulum
Tulum (, yua, Tulu'um) is the site of a pre-Columbian Mayan walled city which served as a major port for Coba, in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. The ruins are situated on cliffs along the east coast of the Yucatán Peninsula on the Carib ...
. An old shepherd's instrument, made from an
eagle
Eagle is the common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. Eagles belong to several groups of genera, some of which are closely related. Most of the 68 species of eagle are from Eurasia and Africa. Outside this area, j ...
's wing bone, was the
çığırtma. Many of these are characteristic of specific regions.
Percussion instruments
Percussion instrument
A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater including attached or enclosed beaters or rattles struck, scraped or rubbed by hand or struck against another similar instrument. Ex ...
s include
drums
davul
The davul, dhol, tapan, atabal or tabl is a large double-headed drum that is played with mallets. It has many names depending on the country and region. These drums are commonly used in the music of the Middle East and the Balkans. These drums ...
and
nağarathe tambourine-like
tef, a mini drum
darbuka
The goblet drum (also chalice drum, tarabuka, tarabaki, darbuka, darabuka, derbake, debuka, doumbek, dumbec, dumbeg, dumbelek, toumperleki, tumbak, or zerbaghali; arz, دربوكة / Romanized: ) is a single-head membranophone with a goblet-s ...
and kaşık (
spoons
Spoons may refer to:
* Spoon, a utensil commonly used with soup
* Spoons (card game), the card game of Donkey, but using spoons
Film and TV
* ''Spoons'' (TV series), a 2005 UK comedy sketch show
*Spoons, a minor character from ''The Sopranos''
...
).
Uses of music
Melodies of differing types and styles have been created by the people in various spheres and stages of life, joyful or sad, from birth to death.
Ashik
An ashik ( az, aşıq, ; tr, âşık; fa, عاشیق) or ashugh ( hy, աշուղ; ka, აშუღი) is traditionally a singer-poet and bard who accompanies his song—be it a dastan (traditional epic story, also known as '' hikay ...
s (Turkish
Minstrel
A minstrel was an entertainer, initially in medieval Europe. It originally described any type of entertainer such as a musician, juggler, acrobat, singer or fool; later, from the sixteenth century, it came to mean a specialist entertainer ...
s), accompanying themselves on the saz, played the most important role in the development and spread of Turkish folk music. Musicias did not use accompaniment with saz, because Turkish Traditional Music was monophonic. Musicians played the same melody of a song but, when musicians hit the middle and upper strings (these strings must be played without touching keyboard of saz) polyphony was used.
Turkish folk musicians
:''Complete list:
List of Turkish folk musicians.
*
Abdurrahman Tarikci
*
Ali Ekber Cicek
*
Ali Fuat Aydın
*
Ali Özütemiz
*
Altın Gün
Altın Gün (meaning ''Golden Day'' in Turkish) is a Turkish psychedelic rock, also known as Anatolian rock, band from Amsterdam, Netherlands. It was founded by bassist Jasper Verhulst in 2016 when he posted an ad on Facebook looking for Turk ...
*
Arif Sağ
Arif Sağ (born 1945) is a Turkish singer, bağlama virtuoso, and leading figure in modern Turkish folk music. A former academic, he was also a member of the Turkish parliament from 1987 to 1991.
Early years
Arif Sağ was born to a miller at Dal ...
*
Aşık Feymani
*
Âşık Veysel Şatıroğlu
*
Aşik Sümmani
*
Aşik Reyhani
*
Baba Zula
*
Bedia Akartürk
*
Belkis Akkale
*
Brenna MacCrimmon
*
Edip Akbayram
*
Engin Nurşani
*
Cem Duruöz
*
Cengiz Özkan
*
Edip Akbayram
*
Efkan Şeşen
*
Emre Saltık
*
Erdal Erzincan
Erdal Erzincan (born 1971) is a Turkish Alevi folk music musician, composer, and singer. In 1981, he moved to Istanbul and studied bağlama at the Arif Sağ music school in 1985. Since 1989, he has been studying music at Istanbul Technical Univer ...
*
Erkan Oğur
Erkan Oğur (pronounced ) (born April 17, 1954) is a Turkish musician. A pioneer of fretless guitars, he invented the first fretless classical guitar in 1976.Martinelli, op. cit.Unfretted, op. cit. A composer, he has influenced many musicians wit ...
*
Erol Parlak Erol is a Turkish given name or surname meaning "brave".
This name is shared by the following people:
Given name
* Erol Alkan (born 1974), Turkish Cypriot DJ, artist and record producer
* Erol Erdal Alkan (born 1994), Turkish footballer
* Erol Be ...
*
Feyzullah Çınar
*
Gülay
*
Gülcan Kaya
*
Hacı Taşan
*
Hale Gür
*
Hasret Gültekin
Hasret Şükrü Gültekin (1 May 1971–2 July 1993) was a Kurdish- Turkish musician and poet. He was murdered in the Sivas massacre, along with 34 other people in the Sivas Province of Turkey when an Islamist mob set fire to the Madımak Hotel. ...
*
Hüseyin Turan
*
Hüseyin Yaltırık
*
İhsan Öztürk
*
Güler Duman
Güler Duman (born June 25, 1967) is a Turkish singer, songwriter, composer, TV host and music teacher. She concentrates on Turkish folk music.
Early life
Güler Duman was born in Istanbul on June 30, 1967. Originally, Erzurum was Aşkale. When ...
*
İsmail Özden
*
İzzet Altınmeşe
*
Kubilay Dökmetaş
*
Lalezar Ensemble
*
Mahzuni Şerif
*
Mazlum Çimen Mazlum Çimen (born 18 June 1958 in Elbistan, Kahramanmaraş) is a Turkish musician, ballet dancer, film actor, folk singer, and award-winning film score composer.
Early life
He was born in Sevdilli village of Elbistan in Kahramanmaraş Province on ...
*
Mehmet Demirtaş
*
Mehmet Erenler
*
Mehmet Özbek
*
Melda Duygulu
*
Meryem Şenocak
*
Muharrem Temiz
*
Musa Eroğlu
Musa Eroğlu (born 1946) is a Turkish folk musician and bağlama virtuoso.
He was born in the Mut county district of Mersin. He is a Tahtacı. He completed his secondary education in Mut. He then started to perform Turkish folk dance and music. I ...
*
Mustafa Özarslan
*
Muzaffer Sarısözen
Muzaffar, Muzaffer, or Mozaffar ( ar, مظفر; "the Victorious") may refer to:
People Given name
*Al-Muzaffar Umar (died 1191), Ayyubid prince of Hama and a general of Saladin
*Muzaffar Shah of Malacca (ruled 1445–1459), sultan of Malacca
*M ...
*
Neşet Ertaş
Neşet Ertaş (1938 – 25 September 2012) was a Turkish folk music singer, lyricist, modern ashik and virtuoso of the traditional Turkish instrument the bağlama. His profession in Turkish is known as ''halk ozanı'', which literally means ...
*
Muharrem Aslan
*
Orhan Hakalmaz
*
Özay Gönlüm
*
Pınar Sağ
*
Kubat Kubat is a surname.
Those bearing it include:
* Bohumil Kubát (1935–2016) Czechoslovakian wrestler
* Michaela Kubat (born 1969), German footballer
* Kubat (singer)
Ramazan Kubat (born 4 October 1974), better known as Kubat, is a Turkish f ...
*
Sabahat Akkiraz
*
Selda Bağcan
Selda Bağcan (; born December 14, 1948) is a Turkish folk singer-songwriter, guitarist, and music producer.
Early life
Selda Bağcan was born in 1948 in the western Turkish town of Muğla. Her father was a veterinarian medician of Macedonian ...
*
Sevcan Orhan
*
Sümer Ezgü
*Sumru Ağıryürüyen
*
Talip Özkan
*
Tolga Çandar
*
Udi Hrant
*
Yavuz Bingöl
*
Zeynep Başkan
*
Zara
*
Zülfü Livaneli
Ömer Zülfü Livaneli (born 20 June 1946), is a Turkish musician, author, poet, and politician.
Livaneli was imprisoned several times during the 1971 Turkish coup d'état because of his political views and had to leave Turkey in 1972 and went ...
See also
*
List of anonymous Turkish folk songs
Sources and external links
Folk/Local Musicat the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism website
— AllAboutTurkey.com
TIKA musicTURKISH FOLK MUSIC played by Hungarian musiciansTurkish Folk music songs archiveListen to Turkish Folk Music
References
{{Reflist
Turkish