The 34th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the

United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and pow ...

and the

United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they ...

. It met in

Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...

, from March 4, 1855, to March 4, 1857, during the last two years of Franklin Pierce's

presidency A presidency is an administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation. Although often the executive branch of government, and often personified b ...

. The apportionment of seats in the

House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often c ...

was based on the Seventh Census of the United States in 1850. The Whig Party, one of the two major parties of the

era An era is a span of time defined for the purposes of chronology or historiography, as in the regnal eras in the history of a given monarchy, a calendar era used for a given calendar, or the geological eras defined for the history of Earth. Comp ...

, had largely collapsed, although many former Whigs ran as Republicans or as members of the "

Opposition Party Parliamentary opposition is a form of political opposition to a designated government, particularly in a Westminster-based parliamentary system. This article uses the term ''government'' as it is used in Parliamentary systems, i.e. meaning ''t ...

." The Senate had a Democratic majority, and the House was controlled by a coalition of Representatives led by

Nathaniel P. Banks Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War. A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, ...

, a member of the American Party.

Major events

* March 30, 1855: Elections were held for the first Kansas Territory legislature.

Missouri Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee): Iowa to the north, Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee to the east, Arkansas t ...

ans crossed the border in large numbers to elect a

pro-slavery Proslavery is a support for slavery. It is found in the Bible, in the thought of ancient philosophers, in British writings and in American writings especially before the American Civil War but also later through 20th century. Arguments in favor o ...

body. * July 2, 1855: The Kansas territorial legislature convened in

Pawnee Pawnee initially refers to a Native American people and its language: * Pawnee people * Pawnee language Pawnee is also the name of several places in the United States: * Pawnee, Illinois * Pawnee, Kansas * Pawnee, Missouri * Pawnee City, Nebraska ...

and began enacting proslavery laws. * November 21, 1855: Large-scale

Bleeding Kansas Bleeding Kansas, Bloody Kansas, or the Border War was a series of violent civil confrontations in Kansas Territory, and to a lesser extent in western Missouri, between 1854 and 1859. It emerged from a political and ideological debate over the ...

violence began with events leading to the ''

Wakarusa War The Wakarusa War was an armed standoff that took place in the Kansas Territory during November and December 1855. It is often cited by historians as the first instance of violence during the " Bleeding Kansas" conflict between anti-slavery and pro ...

'' between antislavery and proslavery forces. * December 3, 1855 – February 2, 1856: The election for Speaker of the House was the longest and most contentious Speaker election in its history, due to sectional conflict over slavery and a rising anti-immigrant mood in the nation that contributed to a poisoned and deteriorating political climate. Further, no party had received a majority of the seats, while 21 members vied for the post of Speaker. The election took 133 ballots and two months, with

winning over William Aiken Jr. by 103 to 100 votes. Banks, a member of both the nativist

Know-Nothing The Know Nothing party was a nativist political party and movement in the United States in the mid-1850s. The party was officially known as the "Native American Party" prior to 1855 and thereafter, it was simply known as the "American Party". ...

(American) Party and the

Free Soil Party The Free Soil Party was a short-lived coalition political party in the United States active from 1848 to 1854, when it merged into the Republican Party. The party was largely focused on the single issue of opposing the expansion of slavery int ...

, served one term as Speaker before Democrats regained control of the chamber in the 35th Congress. * January 24, 1856: President Franklin Pierce declared the new Free-State Topeka government in ''

'' to be in rebellion. * January 26, 1856: First Battle of Seattle: Marines from the ''USS Decatur'' drove off Indian attackers after an all-day battle with settlers. * February, 1856:

Tintic War The Tintic War was a short series of skirmishes occurring in February 1856 in the Tintic and Cedar Valleys of Utah, occurring after the conclusion of the Walker War. It was named after a subchief of the Ute and involved several clashes between s ...

broke out in

Utah Utah ( , ) is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. Utah is a landlocked U.S. state bordered to its east by Colorado, to its northeast by Wyoming, to its north by Idaho, to its south by Arizona, and to it ...

. * February 18, 1856: The American Party ( Know-Nothings) nominated their first Presidential candidate, former President

Millard Fillmore Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800March 8, 1874) was the 13th president of the United States, serving from 1850 to 1853; he was the last to be a member of the Whig Party while in the White House. A former member of the U.S. House of Represen ...

. * May 21, 1856: Lawrence, Kansas, captured and burned by pro-

slavery Slavery and enslavement are both the state and the condition of being a slave—someone forbidden to quit one's service for an enslaver, and who is treated by the enslaver as property. Slavery typically involves slaves being made to perf ...

forces (the "

Sacking of Lawrence The sacking of Lawrence occurred on May 21, 1856, when pro-slavery settlers, led by Douglas County Sheriff Samuel J. Jones, attacked and ransacked Lawrence, Kansas, a town which had been founded by anti-slavery settlers from Massachusetts w ...

"). * May 22, 1856: Representative

Preston Brooks Preston Smith Brooks (August 5, 1819 – January 27, 1857) was an American politician and member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina, serving from 1853 until his resignation in July 1856 and again from August 1856 until his ...

South Carolina )'' Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = ...

attacking Senator

Charles Sumner Charles Sumner (January 6, 1811March 11, 1874) was an American statesman and United States Senator from Massachusetts. As an academic lawyer and a powerful orator, Sumner was the leader of the anti-slavery forces in the state and a leader of th ...

, beating him with a cane in the hall of the Senate, for a speech Sumner had made attacking Southerners who sympathized with the pro-

violence in

Kansas Kansas () is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is a landlocked state bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to th ...

"). Sumner was unable to return to duty for 3 years while he recovered; Brooks became a hero across the South. * May 24, 1856: Pottawatomie massacre * June 2, 1856: Battle of Black Jack * August 30, 1856:

Battle of Osawatomie The Battle of Osawatomie was an armed engagement that occurred on August 30, 1856, when 250–400 pro-slavery Border ruffians, led by John W. Reid, attacked the town of Osawatomie, Kansas, which had been settled largely by anti-slavery Free-Sta ...

* November 4, 1856: 1856 United States presidential election:

Democrat Democrat, Democrats, or Democratic may refer to: Politics *A proponent of democracy, or democratic government; a form of government involving rule by the people. *A member of a Democratic Party: **Democratic Party (United States) (D) **Democratic ...

James Buchanan defeated former President

, representing a coalition of " Know-Nothings" and Whigs, and John C. Frémont of the fledgling Republican Party. * November 17, 1856: On the Sonoita River in present-day southern

Arizona Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Fou ...

, the

United States Army The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare, land military branch, service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight Uniformed services of the United States, U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army o ...

established Fort Buchanan to help control new land acquired in the Gadsden Purchase. * January 9, 1857: The 7.9 Mw

Fort Tejon earthquake The 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake occurred at about 8:20 a.m. (Pacific Time Zone, Pacific time) on January 9 in Central California, central and Southern California. One of the largest recorded earthquakes in the United States, with an estimate ...

affects Central and

Southern California Southern California (commonly shortened to SoCal) is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises the southern portion of the U.S. state of California. It includes the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the second most populous urban a ...

with a maximum

Mercalli intensity The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. It measures the eff ...

of IX (''Violent'').

Major legislation

*August 18, 1856:

Guano Islands Act The Guano Islands Act (, enacted August 18, 1856, codified at §§ 1411-1419) is a United States federal law passed by the U.S. Congress that enables citizens of the United States to take possession, in the name of the United States, of unclai ...

, ch. 164,

Treaties

* January 26, 1855:

Point No Point Treaty The Point No Point Treaty was signed on January 26, 1855, at Point No Point, on the northern tip of the Kitsap Peninsula. Governor of Washington Territory, Isaac Stevens, convened the treaty council on January 25, with the S'Klallam, the Chim ...

signed in the

Washington Territory The Territory of Washington was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1853, until November 11, 1889, when the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Washington. It was created from the ...

. (Ratified March 8, 1859. Proclaimed April 29, 1859) * July 1, 1855: Quinault Treaty signed, Quinault and

Quileute The Quileute , are a Native American people in western Washington state in the United States, currently numbering approximately 2,000. They are a federally recognized tribe: the ''Quileute Tribe of the Quileute Reservation''. The Quileute peo ...

ceded their land to the United States. (Ratified March 8, 1859. Proclaimed April 11, 1859)

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section. During the elections for this Congress, opponents to the Democrats used the Whig party label inconsistently and not at all in some states. Hence in this Congress, and in accordance with the practice of the Senate and House, representatives not associated with the

Democratic Party Democratic Party most often refers to: *Democratic Party (United States) Democratic Party and similar terms may also refer to: Active parties Africa *Botswana Democratic Party *Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea *Gabonese Democratic Party *Demo ...

or the American Party are labeled as "Opposition." This is the first example in U.S. history of a form of coalition government in either house of Congress.

Senate

House of Representatives

The parties that opposed the Democrats joined a coalition and formed the majority. The Know Nothings caucused with the Opposition coalition.

Leadership

Senate

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

: Vacant * President pro tempore:

Jesse D. Bright Jesse David Bright (December 18, 1812 – May 20, 1875) was the ninth Lieutenant Governor of Indiana and U.S. Senator from Indiana who served as President pro tempore of the Senate on three occasions. He was the only senator from a Northern sta ...

(D), until June 9, 1856 ** Charles E. Stuart (D, June 9, 1856 – June 10, 1856 **

(D), June 11, 1856 – January 6, 1857 ** James M. Mason (D), from January 6, 1857

House of Representatives

Speaker Speaker may refer to: Society and politics * Speaker (politics), the presiding officer in a legislative assembly * Public speaker, one who gives a speech or lecture * A person producing speech: the producer of a given utterance, especially: ** I ...

(A) * Democratic Caucus Chairman: George Washington Jones

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1856; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1858; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1860. :'' Skip to House of Representatives, below''

Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = "Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County , LargestMetro = Greater Birmingham , area_total_km2 = 135,765 ...

: 2. Clement C. Clay Jr. (D) : 3.

Benjamin Fitzpatrick Benjamin Fitzpatrick (June 30, 1802 – November 21, 1869) was the 11th Governor of the U.S. state of Alabama and a United States Senator from that state. He was a Democrat. Early life Born in Greene County, Georgia, Fitzpatrick was orphaned at ...

(D), from November 26, 1855

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the South Central United States. It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. Its name is from the O ...

: 2. William K. Sebastian (D) : 3. Robert W. Johnson (D)

California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...

: 1.

John B. Weller John B. Weller (February 22, 1812August 17, 1875) was the fifth governor of California from January 8, 1858 to January 9, 1860 who earlier had served as a congressman from Ohio and a U.S. senator from California, and minister to Mexico. Lif ...

(D) : 3.

William M. Gwin William McKendree Gwin (October 9, 1805 – September 3, 1885) was an American medical doctor and politician who served in elected office in Mississippi and California. In California he shared the distinction, along with John C. Frémont, of bein ...

(D), from January 13, 1857

Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its capita ...

: 1.

Isaac Toucey Isaac Toucey (November 15, 1792July 30, 1869) was an American politician who served as a U.S. senator, U.S. Secretary of the Navy, U.S. Attorney General and the 33rd Governor of Connecticut. Biography Born in Newtown, Connecticut, Toucey pu ...

(D) : 3.

Lafayette S. Foster Lafayette Sabine Foster (November 22, 1806 – September 19, 1880) was a nineteenth-century American politician and lawyer from Connecticut. He served in the United States Senate from 1855 to 1867 and was a judge on the Connecticut Supreme C ...

(R)

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Maryland to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state takes its name from the adjacent Del ...

: 1.

James A. Bayard Jr. James Asheton Bayard Jr. (November 15, 1799 – June 13, 1880) was an American lawyer and politician from Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party and served as U.S. Senator from Delaware. Early life Bayard was born in Wilmington, ...

(D) : 2. John M. Clayton (W), until November 9, 1856 :: Joseph P. Comegys (W), November 19, 1856 – January 14, 1857 :: Martin W. Bates (D), from January 14, 1857

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...

: 1.

Stephen Mallory Stephen Russell Mallory (1812 – November 9, 1873) was a Democratic senator from Florida from 1851 to the secession of his home state and the outbreak of the American Civil War. For much of that period, he was chairman of the Committee on Nav ...

(D) : 3.

David Levy Yulee David Levy Yulee (born David Levy; June 12, 1810 – October 10, 1886) was an American politician and attorney. Born on the island of St. Thomas, then under British control, he was of Sephardic Jewish ancestry: His father was a Sephardi from Mo ...

(D)

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...

: 2.

Robert Toombs Robert Augustus Toombs (July 2, 1810 – December 15, 1885) was an American politician from Georgia, who was an important figure in the formation of the Confederacy. From a privileged background as a wealthy planter and slaveholder, Toomb ...

(D) : 3.

Alfred Iverson Sr. Alfred Iverson Sr. (December 3, 1798March 4, 1873) was a United States representative and United States Senate, Senator from Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. Early life Born in Liberty County, Georgia, Liberty County, he attended private schools a ...

(D)

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolitan areas include, Peoria and Rockf ...

: 2.

Stephen A. Douglas Stephen Arnold Douglas (April 23, 1813 – June 3, 1861) was an American politician and lawyer from Illinois. A senator, he was one of two nominees of the badly split Democratic Party for president in the 1860 presidential election, which wa ...

(D) : 3.

Lyman Trumbull Lyman Trumbull (October 12, 1813 – June 25, 1896) was a lawyer, judge, and United States Senator from Illinois and the co-author of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Born in Colchester, Connecticut, Trumbull esta ...

(D)

Indiana Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th s ...

: 1.

(D) : 3.

Graham N. Fitch Graham Newell Fitch (December 5, 1809November 29, 1892) was a United States representative and senator from Indiana, as well as a brigade commander in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Early life and career Born in Le Roy, New Y ...

(D), from February 4, 1857

Iowa Iowa () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wisconsin to the northeast, Illinois to th ...

: 2.

George Wallace Jones George Wallace Jones (April 12, 1804 – July 22, 1896) was an American frontiersman, entrepreneur, attorney, and judge, was among the first two United States Senators to represent the state of Iowa after it was admitted to the Union in 1846 ...

(D) : 3. James Harlan (FS), until January 5, 1857 :: James Harlan (R), from January 29, 1857

Kentucky Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia ...

: 2. John B. Thompson (A) : 3.

John J. Crittenden John Jordan Crittenden (September 10, 1787 July 26, 1863) was an American statesman and politician from the U.S. state of Kentucky. He represented the state in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate and twice served as Unite ...

(A)

Louisiana Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is borde ...

: 2.

Judah P. Benjamin Judah Philip Benjamin, QC (August 6, 1811 – May 6, 1884) was a United States senator from Louisiana, a Cabinet officer of the Confederate States and, after his escape to the United Kingdom at the end of the American Civil War, an English ba ...

(W) : 3.

John Slidell John Slidell (1793July 9, 1871) was an American politician, lawyer, and businessman. A native of New York, Slidell moved to Louisiana as a young man and became a Representative and Senator. He was one of two Confederate diplomats captured by the ...

(D)

Maine Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and ...

: 1.

Hannibal Hamlin Hannibal Hamlin (August 27, 1809 – July 4, 1891) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 15th vice president of the United States from 1861 to 1865, during President Abraham Lincoln's first term. He was the first Republican ...

(D) to (R) on June 12, 1856, until January 7, 1857 ::

Amos Nourse Amos Nourse (December 17, 1794April 7, 1877) was a medical doctor who became a U.S. Senator from the state of Maine for a very short term. Born in Bolton, Massachusetts, he graduated from Harvard College in 1812 and from Harvard Medical School i ...

(R), from January 16, 1857 : 2. William P. Fessenden (W)

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to ...

: 3.

James Pearce James Alfred Pearce (December 14, 1805December 20, 1862) was an American politician. He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, representing the second district of Maryland from 1835 to 1839 and 1841 to 1843. He later served as a ...

(W) : 1. Thomas Pratt (W)

Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut Massachusett_writing_systems.html" ;"title="nowiki/> məhswatʃəwiːsət.html" ;"title="Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət">Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət'' En ...

: 1.

(FS) : 2.

Henry Wilson Henry Wilson (born Jeremiah Jones Colbath; February 16, 1812 – November 22, 1875) was an American politician who was the 18th vice president of the United States from 1873 until his death in 1875 and a senator from Massachusetts from 1855 to ...

(R)

Michigan Michigan () is a U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the List of U.S. states and ...

: 1. Lewis Cass (D) : 2. Charles E. Stuart (D)

Mississippi Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ...

: 1. Stephen Adams (D) : 2. Albert G. Brown (D)

Missouri Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee): Iowa to the north, Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee to the east, Arkansas t ...

: 1. Henry S. Geyer (W) : 3. James S. Green (D), from January 12, 1857

New Hampshire New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the nor ...

: 2. John P. Hale (R), from July 30, 1855 : 3. James Bell (R), from July 30, 1855

New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...

: 1. John R. Thomson (D) : 2. William Wright (D)

New York

: 3.

William H. Seward William Henry Seward (May 16, 1801 – October 10, 1872) was an American politician who served as United States Secretary of State from 1861 to 1869, and earlier served as governor of New York and as a United States Senator. A determined oppon ...

(R) : 1.

Hamilton Fish Hamilton Fish (August 3, 1808September 7, 1893) was an American politician who served as the 16th Governor of New York from 1849 to 1850, a United States Senator from New York from 1851 to 1857 and the 26th United States Secretary of State ...

(W)

North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and ...

: 2.

David S. Reid David Settle Reid (April 19, 1813 – June 19, 1891) was the List of Governors of North Carolina, 32nd Governor of North Carolina, governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina from 1851 to 1854 and a U.S. Senator from December 1854 to March 1859 ...

(D) : 3.

Asa Biggs Asa Biggs (February 4, 1811 – March 6, 1878) was an American attorney, politician, and jurist who served as a member of both chambers of the United States Congress and as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for ...

(D)

Ohio Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...

: 1.

Benjamin Wade Benjamin Franklin "Bluff" Wade (October 27, 1800March 2, 1878) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a United States Senator for Ohio from 1851 to 1869. He is known for his leading role among the Radical Republicans.

(R) : 3.

George E. Pugh George Ellis Pugh (November 28, 1822July 19, 1876) was a United States Democratic Party, Democratic politician from Ohio. He served in the United States Senate, U.S. Senate from 1855 to 1861. Early life Pugh was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was ...

(D)

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

: 1.

Richard Brodhead Richard Brodhead (January 5, 1811September 16, 1863) was an American lawyer and politician from Easton, Pennsylvania. He represented Pennsylvania in both the U.S. House (1843 to 1849) and Senate (1851 to 1857). He was the father of U.S. Repres ...

(D) : 3. William Bigler (D), from January 14, 1856

Rhode Island Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the smallest U.S. state by area and the seventh-least populous, with slightly fewer than 1.1 million residents as of 2020, but it ...

: 1. Charles T. James (D) : 2. Philip Allen (D)

South Carolina )'' Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = ...

: 3. Andrew Butler (D) : 2. Josiah J. Evans (D)

Tennessee Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. It is bordered by Kentucky to th ...

: 2. John Bell (W) : 1.

James C. Jones James ChamberlainJones's middle name is sometimes spelled "Chamberlayne." Jones (April 20, 1809 – October 29, 1859) was an American politician who served as the tenth governor of Tennessee from 1841 to 1845, and as a United States Senator from ...

(W)

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...

: 2. Samuel Houston (D) : 1. Thomas J. Rusk (D)

Vermont Vermont () is a state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to ...

: 1. Solomon Foot (R) : 3. Jacob Collamer (R)

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...

: 1. James M. Mason (D) : 2. Robert M. T. Hunter (D)

Wisconsin Wisconsin () is a state in the upper Midwestern United States. Wisconsin is the 25th-largest state by total area and the 20th-most populous. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake M ...

: 1.

Henry Dodge Moses Henry Dodge (October 12, 1782 – June 19, 1867) was a Democratic member to the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate, Territorial Governor of Wisconsin and a veteran of the Black Hawk War. His son, Augustus C. Dodge, served a ...

(D) : 3.

Charles Durkee Charles H. Durkee (December 10, 1805January 14, 1870) was an American pioneer, Congressman, and United States Senator from Wisconsin. He was one of the founders of Kenosha, Wisconsin, and was a Governor of the Utah Territory in the last five ye ...

(R)

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = "Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County , LargestMetro = Greater Birmingham , area_total_km2 = 135,765 ...

: .

Percy Walker Percy Walker (1812-1880) was an American politician from Huntsville, Alabama. He was graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1835. He began practicing medicine in Mobile, Alabama. He served in ...

(A) : . Eli S. Shorter (D) : . James F. Dowdell (D) : . William R. Smith (A) : . George S. Houston (D) : . Williamson R. W. Cobb (D) : . Sampson W. Harris (D)

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the South Central United States. It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. Its name is from the O ...

: .

Alfred B. Greenwood Alfred Burton Greenwood (July 11, 1811 – October 4, 1889) was an American attorney and a politician; he was elected to the United States and Confederate congresses as a Democrat. In 1859 he was appointed under President James Buchanan a ...

(D) : .

Albert Rust Albert Rust (April 4, 1870) was an American politician and slaveholder, who served as a delegate from Arkansas to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1862. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the U.S. represe ...

(D)

California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . James W. Denver (D) : . Philemon T. Herbert (D)

Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its capita ...

: . Ezra Clark Jr. (A) : . John Woodruff (A) : . Sidney Dean (A) : . William W. Welch (A)

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Maryland to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state takes its name from the adjacent Del ...

: . Elisha D. Cullen (A)

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...

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Augustus Maxwell Augustus Emmet Maxwell (September 21, 1820 – May 5, 1903) was an American lawyer and politician. Maxwell served in a number of political positions in the State of Florida including as one of Florida's Senators to the Confederate States Cong ...

(D)

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...

: . James L. Seward (D) : . Martin J. Crawford (D) : . Robert P. Trippe (A) : . Hiram B. Warner (D) : . John H. Lumpkin (D) : .

Howell Cobb Howell Cobb (September 7, 1815 – October 9, 1868) was an American and later Confederate political figure. A southern Democrat, Cobb was a five-term member of the United States House of Representatives and the speaker of the House from 184 ...

(D) : . Nathaniel G. Foster (A) : .

Alexander Stephens Alexander Hamilton Stephens (February 11, 1812 – March 4, 1883) was an American politician who served as the vice president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865, and later as the 50th governor of Georgia from 1882 until his death in 1 ...

(D)

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolitan areas include, Peoria and Rockf ...

: .

Elihu B. Washburne Elihu Benjamin Washburne (September 23, 1816 – October 22, 1887) was an Americans, American politician and diplomat. A member of the Washburn family, which played a prominent role in the early formation of the Republican Party (United States), ...

(O) : . James H. Woodworth (O) : .

Jesse O. Norton Jesse Olds Norton (December 25, 1812 – August 3, 1875) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Illinois. Biography Born in Bennington, Vermont, Norton attended Bennington Academy and was graduated from Williams ...

(O) : .

James Knox James Robert Knox GCC (2 March 1914 – 26 June 1983) was an Australian prelate of the Catholic Church. After years as a Vatican diplomat, he served as Archbishop of Melbourne from 1967 to 1974, prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worshi ...

(O) : . William A. Richardson (D), until August 25, 1856 :: Jacob C. Davis (D), from November 4, 1856 : . Thomas L. Harris (D) : . James C. Allen (D), until July 18, 1856, and from November 4, 1856 : . James L. D. Morrison (D), from November 4, 1856 : .

Samuel S. Marshall Samuel Scott Marshall (March 12, 1821 – July 26, 1890) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Illinois. Early life and education Born near Shawneetown, Illinois, Marshall attended public and private schools i ...

(D)

Indiana Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th s ...

: . Smith Miller (D) : .

William H. English William Hayden English (August 27, 1822 – February 7, 1896) was an American politician. He served as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1853 to 1861 and was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President of the United States i ...

(D) : . George G. Dunn (O) : . William Cumback (O) : . David P. Holloway (O) : .

Lucien Barbour Lucien Barbour (March 4, 1811 – July 19, 1880) was an American lawyer and politician who served one term as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1855 to 1857. Biography Born in Canton, Connecticut, Barbour was graduated from Amherst Col ...

(O) : . Harvey D. Scott (O) : . Daniel Mace (O) : .

Schuyler Colfax Schuyler Colfax Jr. (; March 23, 1823 – January 13, 1885) was an American journalist, businessman, and politician who served as the 17th vice president of the United States from 1869 to 1873, and prior to that as the 25th speaker of the Hous ...

(O) : . Samuel Brenton (O) : . John U. Pettit (O)

Iowa Iowa () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wisconsin to the northeast, Illinois to th ...

: .

Augustus Hall Augustus Hall (April 29, 1814 – February 1, 1861), a lawyer, was a one-term Democratic U.S. Representative from Iowa's 1st congressional district, and chief justice of the Nebraska Territory. Biography Born in Batavia, New York, Hall was the ...

(D) : . James Thorington (O)

Kentucky Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia ...

: . Henry C. Burnett (D) : .

John P. Campbell Jr. John Pierce Campbell Jr. (December 8, 1820 – October 29, 1888) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Kentucky. Born near Hopkinsville, Kentucky, Campbell pursued an academic course. He studied law. He was Admi ...

(A) : . Warner L. Underwood (A) : . Albert G. Talbott (D) : . Joshua Jewett (D) : . John M. Elliott (D) : .

Humphrey Marshall Humphrey Marshall may refer to: *Humphry Marshall (1722–1801), botanist *Humphrey Marshall (general) (1812–1872), Confederate general in the American Civil War *Humphrey Marshall (politician) Humphrey Marshall (1760 – July 3, 1841) wa ...

(A) : . Alexander K. Marshall (A) : . Leander Cox (A) : . Samuel F. Swope (A)

Louisiana Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is borde ...

: . George Eustis Jr. (A) : . Miles Taylor (D) : . Thomas G. Davidson (D) : . John M. Sandidge (D)

Maine Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and ...

: . John M. Wood (O) : . John J. Perry (O) : .

Ebenezer Knowlton Ebenezer Knowlton (December 6, 1815 – September 10, 1874) was a U.S. Representative from Maine, and Free Will Baptist minister. Biography Born in Pittsfield, New Hampshire, Knowlton moved with his parents to South Montville, Maine, in 182 ...

(O) : . Samuel P. Benson (O) : . Israel Washburn Jr. (O) : . Thomas J. D. Fuller (D)

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to ...

: . James A. Stewart (D) : . James B. Ricaud (A) : . J. Morrison Harris (A) : . Henry Winter Davis (A) : . Henry William Hoffman (A) : . Thomas F. Bowie (D)

Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut Massachusett_writing_systems.html" ;"title="nowiki/> məhswatʃəwiːsət.html" ;"title="Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət">Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət'' En ...

: . Robert B. Hall (A) : .

James Buffington James Lawrence Buffington (born May 15, 1922, Jersey Shore, Pennsylvania; died July 20, 1981, Englewood, New Jersey) was an Americans, American jazz, studio, and classical French horn, hornist. Buffington was a busy studio and jazz player on ...

(A) : . William S. Damrell (A) : . Linus B. Comins (A) : .

Anson Burlingame Anson Burlingame (November 14, 1820 – February 23, 1870) was an American lawyer, Republican/American Party legislator, diplomat, and abolitionist. As diplomat, he served as the U.S. minister to China (1862–1867) and then as China's envoy to ...

(A) : . Timothy Davis (A) : .

(A) : . Chauncey L. Knapp (A) : .

Alexander De Witt Alexander De Witt (April 2, 1798 – January 13, 1879) was a 19th-century American politician from the state of Massachusetts. Born in New Braintree, Massachusetts, De Witt worked in textile manufacturing in Oxford, Massachusetts. Active in pol ...

(A) : . Calvin C. Chaffee (A) : . Mark Trafton (A)

Michigan Michigan () is a U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the List of U.S. states and ...

: . William A. Howard (O) : . Henry Waldron (O) : . David S. Walbridge (O) : . George W. Peck (D)

Mississippi Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ...

: . Daniel B. Wright (D) : . Hendley S. Bennett (D) : .

William Barksdale William Barksdale (August 21, 1821 – July 3, 1863) was a lawyer, newspaper editor, US Representative, and Confederate general in the American Civil War. A staunch secessionist, he was mortally wounded during the Battle of Gettysburg while he ...

(D) : . William A. Lake (A) : .

John A. Quitman John Anthony Quitman (September 1, 1798 – July 17, 1858) was an American lawyer, politician, and soldier. As President of the Mississippi Senate, he served one month as Acting Governor of Mississippi (from December 3, 1835, to January 7, 1836) a ...

(D)

Missouri Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee): Iowa to the north, Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee to the east, Arkansas t ...

: .

Luther M. Kennett Luther Martin Kennett (March 15, 1807 – April 12, 1873) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri and mayor of the City of St. Louis. Born in Falmouth, Kentucky, Kennett attended private schools. After working as a county clerk of Pendleton ...

(O) : . Gilchrist Porter (O) : . James J. Lindley (O) : .

Mordecai Oliver Mordecai Baldwin Oliver (October 22, 1819 – April 25, 1898) was an attorney and two-term U.S. Representative from Missouri from 1853 to 1857. Biography Born in Anderson County, Kentucky, Oliver attended the common schools and then studie ...

(O) : . John G. Miller (O), until May 11, 1856 :: Thomas P. Akers (A), from August 18, 1856 : . John S. Phelps (D) : . Samuel Caruthers (O)

New Hampshire New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the nor ...

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James Pike James Albert Pike (February 14, 1913–) was an American Episcopal bishop, accused heretic, iconoclast, prolific writer, and one of the first mainline, charismatic religious figures to appear regularly on television. Pike's outspoken, and to s ...

(A) : . Mason Tappan (A) : .

Aaron H. Cragin Aaron Harrison Cragin (February 3, 1821May 10, 1898) was an American politician and a United States Representative and Senator from New Hampshire. Early life Born in Weston, Vermont, Cragin completed preparatory studies, studied law, was admit ...

(A)

New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...

: . Isaiah D. Clawson (O) : . George R. Robbins (O) : . James Bishop (O) : .

George Vail George Vail (July 21, 1809 – May 23, 1875) was an American Democratic Party politician who represented in the United States House of Representatives from 1853 to 1857. His father Stephen Vail, and his brother Alfred Vail were the driving for ...

(D) : . Alexander C. M. Pennington (O)

New York

: . William Valk (A) : . James S. T. Stranahan (O) : . Guy R. Pelton (O) : . John Kelly (D) : . Thomas R. Whitney (A) : . John Wheeler (D) : . Thomas Child Jr. (O) : . Abram Wakeman (O) : .

Bayard Clarke Bayard Clarke (March 17, 1815 – June 20, 1884) was a United States representative from New York. Biography Born in New York City on March 17, 1815, Clarke was a member of one of the city's oldest and most prominent families. He graduated f ...

(O) : . Ambrose S. Murray (O) : .

Rufus H. King Rufus H. King (January 20, 1820 – September 13, 1890) was a U.S. Representative from New York. Biography Born in Rensselaerville, New York, King completed preparatory studies and was graduated from Wesleyan University. He studied law. He wa ...

(O) : .

Killian Miller Killian Miller (July 30, 1785 – January 9, 1859) was a U.S. Representative from New York. Early life Born in Claverack, New York on July 30, 1785, Miller attended Washington Seminary. He then studied law with Jacob R. Van Rensselaer, was a ...

(O) : .

Russell Sage Russell Risley Sage (August 4, 1816 – July 22, 1906) was an American financier, railroad executive and Whig politician from New York. As a frequent partner of Jay Gould in various transactions, he amassed a fortune. Olivia Slocum Sage, his se ...

(O) : . Samuel Dickson (O) : . Edward Dodd (O) : . George A. Simmons (O) : . Francis E. Spinner (D) : . Thomas R. Horton (O) : . Jonas A. Hughston (O) : . Orsamus B. Matteson (O), until February 27, 1857 : . Henry Bennett (O) : . Andrew Z. McCarty (O) : . William A. Gilbert (O), until February 27, 1857 : . Amos P. Granger (O) : . Edwin B. Morgan (O) : . Andrew Oliver (D) : . John M. Parker (O) : . William H. Kelsey (O) : . John Williams (D) : . Benjamin Pringle (O) : . Thomas T. Flagler (O) : . Solomon G. Haven (O) : . Francis S. Edwards (A), until February 28, 1857

North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and ...

: . Robert T. Paine (A) : . Thomas H. Ruffin (D) : . Warren Winslow (D) : .

Lawrence O'Bryan Branch Lawrence O'Bryan Branch (November 28, 1820 – September 17, 1862) was a North Carolina representative in the U.S. Congress and a Confederate brigadier general in the American Civil War, killed at the Battle of Antietam. Early life and ca ...

(D) : . Edwin G. Reade (A) : . Richard C. Puryear (A) : . F. Burton Craige (D) : . Thomas L. Clingman (D)

Ohio Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...

: . Timothy C. Day (O) : .

John Scott Harrison John Scott Harrison (October 4, 1804 – May 25, 1878) was an American farmer and politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio. He was a son of U.S. president William Henry Harrison and First Lady An ...

(O) : . Lewis D. Campbell (O) : . Matthias H. Nichols (O) : . Richard Mott (O) : . Jonas R. Emrie (O) : . Aaron Harlan (O) : .

Benjamin Stanton Benjamin Stanton (June 4, 1809 – June 2, 1872) was an American politician who served as the sixth lieutenant governor of Ohio from 1862 to 1864. Early life The son of Elias & Martha (Wilson) Stanton, he was born in Mount Pleasant, Ohio, Stanton ...

(O) : . Cooper K. Watson (O) : . Oscar F. Moore (O) : . Valentine B. Horton (O) : . Samuel Galloway (O) : .

John Sherman John Sherman (May 10, 1823October 22, 1900) was an American politician from Ohio throughout the Civil War and into the late nineteenth century. A member of the Republican Party, he served in both houses of the U.S. Congress. He also served as ...

(O) : .

Philemon Bliss Philemon Bliss (July 28, 1813 – August 25, 1889) was an Ohio Congressman, the first chief justice of the Supreme Court of Dakota Territory, and a Missouri Supreme Court justice. Early life and education Bliss was born in Canton, Connecticut in ...

(O) : . William R. Sapp (O) : . Edward Ball (O) : . Charles J. Albright (O) : . Benjamin F. Leiter (O) : . Edward Wade (O) : . Joshua R. Giddings (O) : .

John Bingham John Armor Bingham (January 21, 1815 – March 19, 1900) was an American politician who served as a Republican Party (United States), Republican representative from Ohio and as the United States ambassador to Japan. In his time as a congress ...

(O)

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

: . Thomas B. Florence (D) : . Job R. Tyson (O) : . William Millward (O) : .

Jacob Broom Jacob Broom (October 17, 1752 – April 25, 1810) was an American Founding Father, businessman, and politician from Wilmington, Delaware. As a delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787, he was a signer of the United States Constitu ...

(A) : . John Cadwalader (D) : . John Hickman (D) : . Samuel C. Bradshaw (O) : . J. Glancey Jones (D) : . Anthony E. Roberts (O) : . John C. Kunkel (O) : . James H. Campbell (O) : .

Henry M. Fuller Henry Mills Fuller (January 3, 1820 – December 26, 1860) was a Whig and Opposition Party member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Biography Henry M. Fuller was born in Bethany, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Prin ...

(O) : .

Asa Packer Asa Packer (December 29, 1805May 17, 1879) was an American businessman who pioneered railroad construction, was active in Pennsylvania politics, and founded Lehigh University. He was a conservative and religious man who reflected the image of th ...

(D) : . Galusha A. Grow (D) : . John J. Pearce (O) : .

Lemuel Todd Lemuel Todd (July 29, 1817 – May 12, 1891) was an American politician who served as an Oppositionist member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district from 1855 to 1857 and as a Republican member of t ...

(O) : . David F. Robison (O) : . John R. Edie (O) : . John Covode (O) : .

Jonathan Knight Jonathan Rashleigh Knight-Rodriguez (born November 29, 1968) is an American singer. He is best known for being a member of the boy band New Kids on the Block. It also includes Donnie Wahlberg, Joey McIntyre, Danny Wood and his younger brother ...

(O) : . David Ritchie (O) : . Samuel A. Purviance (O) : . John Allison (O) : . David Barclay (D) : . John Dick (O)

Rhode Island Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the smallest U.S. state by area and the seventh-least populous, with slightly fewer than 1.1 million residents as of 2020, but it ...

: . Nathaniel B. Durfee (A) : . Benjamin B. Thurston (A)

South Carolina )'' Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = ...

: . John McQueen (D) : . William Aiken Jr. (D) : . Laurence M. Keitt (D), until July 15, 1856, and from August 6, 1856 : .

(D), until July 15, 1856, and from August 1, 1856, until January 27, 1857 : . James L. Orr (D) : . William W. Boyce (D)

Tennessee Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. It is bordered by Kentucky to th ...

: . Albert G. Watkins (D) : . William H. Sneed (A) : . Samuel A. Smith (D) : . John H. Savage (D) : .

Charles Ready Charles Ready (December 22, 1802 – June 4, 1878) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for Tennessee's 5th congressional district. Biography Ready was born in Readyville in Rutherford County, now ...

(A) : . George W. Jones (D) : . John V. Wright (D) : . Felix K. Zollicoffer (A) : .

Emerson Etheridge Henry Emerson Etheridge (September 28, 1819 – October 21, 1902) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for Tennessee's 9th congressional district from 1853 to 1857, and again from 1859 to 1861. ...

(A) : .

Thomas Rivers Thomas Rivers (September 18, 1819 – March 18, 1863) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 10th congressional district of Tennessee. Biography Rivers was born in Franklin County, Tennesse ...

(A)

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...

: . Lemuel D. Evans (A) : . Peter H. Bell (D)

Vermont Vermont () is a state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to ...

: .

James Meacham James Meacham (August 16, 1810 – August 23, 1856) was an American politician, minister and professor. He served as a U.S. Representative from Vermont from 1849 until his death. Early life Meacham was born in Rutland Town, Vermont to Lew ...

(O), until August 23, 1856 :: George T. Hodges (R), from December 1, 1856 : . Justin S. Morrill (O) : . Alvah Sabin (O)

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...

: . Thomas H. Bayly (D), until June 23, 1856 :: Muscoe R. H. Garnett (D), from December 1, 1856 : . John S. Millson (D) : . John Caskie (D) : . William Goode (D) : . Thomas S. Bocock (D) : . Paulus Powell (D) : . William Smith (D) : . Charles J. Faulkner (D) : .

John Letcher John Letcher (March 29, 1813January 26, 1884) was an American lawyer, journalist, and politician. He served as a Representative in the United States Congress, was the 34th Governor of Virginia during the American Civil War, and later served in ...

(D) : . Zedekiah Kidwell (D) : . John S. Carlile (A) : . Henry A. Edmundson (D) : . LaFayette McMullen (D)

Wisconsin Wisconsin () is a state in the upper Midwestern United States. Wisconsin is the 25th-largest state by total area and the 20th-most populous. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake M ...

: .

Daniel Wells Jr. Daniel Wells, Jr., (July 16, 1808March 18, 1902) was an American railroad businessman, Democratic politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He served two terms in the U.S. House of Representatives (1853–1857), representing Wisconsin. Biograp ...

(D) : .

Cadwallader C. Washburn Cadwallader Colden Washburn (April 22, 1818May 14, 1882) was an American businessman, politician, and soldier who founded a mill that later became General Mills. A member of the Washburn family of Maine, he was a U.S. Congressman and governor o ...

(O) : .

Charles Billinghurst Charles Billinghurst (July 27, 1818 – August 18, 1865) was an American politician and lawyer who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1855 to 1859, representing the 3rd congressional district of Wisconsin as a member of bot ...

(O)

Non-voting members

: . John W. Whitfield (D), until August 1, 1856, and from December 9, 1856 : . Henry M. Rice (D) : . Bird B. Chapman (D) : . José Manuel Gallegos (D), until July 23, 1856 :: Miguel A. Otero (D), from July 23, 1856 : .

Joseph Lane Joseph "Joe" Lane (December 14, 1801 – April 19, 1881) was an American politician and soldier. He was a state legislator representing Evansville, Indiana, and then served in the Mexican–American War, becoming a general. President James K. ...

(D) : . John M. Bernhisel : . James P. Anderson (D) 34 us house membership

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

, - , nowrap ,

New Hampshire New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the nor ...

(2) , Vacant , Charles G. Atherton (D) died during the previous Congress.

Jared W. Williams Jared Warner Williams (December 22, 1796September 29, 1864) was an American lawyer and politician from Lancaster, New Hampshire, who was a U.S. representative, the 21st governor of New Hampshire 1847 to 1849 and a United States senator. Biogra ...

(D) was appointed November 29, 1853, to continue the term, but his term was deemed expired July 15, 1854, and the legislature failed to elect a successor.
A successor was finally elected July 30, 1855. , nowrap ,

John Parker Hale John Parker Hale (March 31, 1806November 19, 1873) was an American politician and lawyer from New Hampshire. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1843 to 1845 and in the United States Senate from 1847 to 1853 and again fro ...

(R) , July 30, 1855 , - , nowrap ,

(3) , Vacant , Legislature failed to elect on time.
Successor was elected. , nowrap , James Bell (R) , July 30, 1855 , - , nowrap ,

Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = "Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County , LargestMetro = Greater Birmingham , area_total_km2 = 135,765 ...

(3) , Vacant , Legislature failed to elect on time.
Incumbent was then re-elected November 26, 1855. , nowrap ,

(D) , November 26, 1855 , - , nowrap ,

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

(3) , Vacant , Legislature failed to elect on time.
Successor elected January 14, 1856. , nowrap , William Bigler (D) , January 14, 1856 , - , nowrap ,

(3) , Vacant , Elected but took seat late on January 12, 1857. , nowrap , James S. Green (D) , January 12, 1857 , - , nowrap ,

California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...

(3) , Vacant , Legislature failed to elect on time.
Incumbent was then re-elected January 13, 1857. , nowrap ,

(D) , January 13, 1857 , - , nowrap ,

Indiana Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th s ...

(3) , Vacant , Legislature failed to elect on time.
Senator elected February 4, 1857. , nowrap ,

(D) , February 4, 1857 , - , nowrap ,

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Maryland to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state takes its name from the adjacent Del ...

(2) , nowrap , John M. Clayton (W) , Died November 9, 1856.
Successor was appointed. , nowrap , Joseph P. Comegys (W) , November 19, 1856 , - , nowrap ,

Maine Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and ...

(1) , nowrap ,

(D) , Resigned January 7, 1857, to become

Governor of Maine The governor of Maine is the head of government of the U.S. state of Maine. Before Maine was admitted to the Union in 1820, Maine was part of Massachusetts and the governor of Massachusetts was chief executive. The current governor of Maine is J ...

.
Successor was

elected Elected may refer to: * "Elected" (song), by Alice Cooper, 1973 * ''Elected'' (EP), by Ayreon, 2008 *The Elected, an American indie rock band See also *Election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population ...

January 16, 1857. , nowrap ,

(R) , January 16, 1857 , - , nowrap ,

(2) , nowrap , Joseph P. Comegys (W) , Appointment expired January 14, 1857, upon successor's election. , nowrap , Martin W. Bates (D) , January 14, 1857 , - , nowrap ,

Iowa Iowa () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wisconsin to the northeast, Illinois to th ...

(3) , nowrap , James Harlan (FS) , Owing to irregularities in the legislative proceedings the Senate declared the seat vacant January 5, 1857.
Incumbent was subsequently re-elected January 29, 1857, to fill the vacancy caused by his ouster. , nowrap , James Harlan (R) , January 29, 1857

House of Representatives

* Replacements: 6 ** Democrats: 2 seat net loss ** Opposition: 4 seat net gain * Deaths: 4 * Resignations: 5 * Contested election: 1 *Total seats with changes: 10 , - , , Vacant , style="font-size:80%" , Rep-elect

resigned in previous congress after being elected to the

US Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and po ...

, , James L. D. Morrison (D) , Seated November 4, 1856 , - , , , John G. Miller (O) , style="font-size:80%" , Died May 11, 1856 , , Thomas P. Akers (A) , Seated August 18, 1856 , - , , , Thomas H. Bayly (D) , style="font-size:80%" , Died June 23, 1856 , , Muscoe R. H. Garnett (D) , Seated December 1, 1856 , - , , , Laurence M. Keitt (D) , style="font-size:80%" , Resigned July 15, 1856, after being censured in his role in the assault on US Senator

. He was subsequently re-elected to fill the vacancy , , Laurence M. Keitt (D) , Seated August 6, 1856 , - , , ,

(D) , style="font-size:80%" , Resigned July 15, 1856, after assaulting US Senator

. He was subsequently re-elected to fill the vacancy , ,

(D) , Seated August 1, 1856 , - , , , James C. Allen (D) , style="font-size:80%" , House declared on July 18, 1856, he was not entitled to seat. He was subsequently re-elected to fill the vacancy , , James C. Allen (D) , Seated November 4, 1856 , - , , , José M. Gallegos (D) , style="font-size:80%" , Contested election July 23, 1856 , , Miguel A. Otero (D) , Seated July 23, 1856 , - , , , John W. Whitfield (D) , style="font-size:80%" , House declared August 1, 1856, the seat vacant. He was subsequently re-elected to fill the vacancy , , John W. Whitfield (D) , Seated December 9, 1856 , - , , ,

(O) , style="font-size:80%" , Died August 23, 1856 , , George T. Hodges (R) , Seated December 1, 1856 , - , , , William A. Richardson (D) , style="font-size:80%" , Resigned August 25, 1856 , , Jacob C. Davis (D) , Seated November 4, 1856 , - , , ,

(D) , style="font-size:80%" , Died January 27, 1857 , Vacant , Not filled this term , - , , , Orsamus B. Matteson (O) , style="font-size:80%" , Resigned February 27, 1857 , Vacant , Not filled this term , - , , , William A. Gilbert (O) , style="font-size:80%" , Resigned February 27, 1857 , Vacant , Not filled this term , - , , , Francis S. Edwards (A) , style="font-size:80%" , Resigned February 28, 1857 , Vacant , Not filled this term

Committees

List of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

Agriculture Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people t ...

(Chairman: Philip Allen) * American Association for the Promotion of Science (Select) * Atmospheric Telegraph Between Washington and Baltimore (Select) * Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Josiah J. Evans) *

Claims Claim may refer to: * Claim (legal) * Claim of Right Act 1689 * Claims-based identity * Claim (philosophy) * Land claim * A ''main contention'', see conclusion of law * Patent claim * The assertion of a proposition; see Douglas N. Walton * A righ ...

(Chairman:

) *

Commerce Commerce is the large-scale organized system of activities, functions, procedures and institutions directly and indirectly related to the exchange (buying and selling) of goods and services among two or more parties within local, regional, nation ...

(Chairman:

then

) * Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select) *

District of Columbia ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...

(Chairman: Albert G. Brown) * Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Jacob Collamer) * Finance (Chairman: Robert M. T. Hunter) *

Foreign Relations A state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterally or through m ...

(Chairman: James M. Mason) * French Spoilations (Select) *

Indian Affairs The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), also known as Indian Affairs (IA), is a United States federal agency within the Department of the Interior. It is responsible for implementing federal laws and policies related to American Indians and Al ...

(Chairman: William K. Sebastian) *

Judiciary The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law ...

(Chairman: Andrew P. Butler) *

Library A library is a collection of materials, books or media that are accessible for use and not just for display purposes. A library provides physical (hard copies) or digital access (soft copies) materials, and may be a physical location or a vir ...

(Chairman:

James A. Pearce James Alfred Pearce (December 14, 1805December 20, 1862) was an American politician. He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, representing the second district of Maryland from 1835 to 1839 and 1841 to 1843. He later served as a ...

) * Loss of Original Papers of Mark and Richard Bean (Select) * Mexican Claims Commission (Select) *

Manufactures Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of secondary sector of the economy. The term may refer to a rang ...

(Chairman: William Wright) *

Military Affairs ''The Journal of Military History'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the military history of all times and places. It is the official journal of the Society for Military History. The journal was established in 1937 and the ed ...

(Chairman:

) *

Militia A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of r ...

(Chairman: Sam Houston) * Naval Affairs (Chairman:

) * Ordnance and War Ships (Select) *

Pacific Railroad The Pacific Railroad (not to be confused with Union Pacific Railroad) was a railroad based in Missouri. It was a predecessor of both the Missouri Pacific Railroad and St. Louis-San Francisco Railway. The Pacific was chartered by Missouri in 1849 ...

(Select) * Patents and the Patent Office (Chairman: Charles T. James) * Pensions (Chairman:

) * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Thomas J. Rusk) *

Printing Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The ...

(Chairman: Robert W. Johnson) * Private Claims Commission (Select) * Private Land Claims (Chairman:

) * Protection of Life and Health in Passenger Ships (Select) *

Public Buildings A building, or edifice, is an enclosed structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one place, such as a house or factory (although there's also portable buildings). Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and fu ...

(Chairman: James A. Bayard) *

Public Lands In all modern states, a portion of land is held by central or local governments. This is called public land, state land, or Crown land (Australia, and Canada). The system of tenure of public land, and the terminology used, varies between countrie ...

(Chairman: Charles E. Stuart) *

Retrenchment Retrenchment (french: retrenchment, an old form of ''retranchement'', from ''retrancher'', to cut down, cut short) is an act of cutting down or reduction, particularly of public expenditure. Political usage The word is familiar in its most general ...

(Chairman: Stephen Adams) * Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Josiah J. Evans) * Roads and Canals (Chairman:

) * Sickness on Emigrant Ships (Select) * Tariff Regulation (Select) *

Territories A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or a ...

(Chairman:

) * Whole

House of Representatives

* Accounts (Chairman: Benjamin B. Thurston) *

(Chairman: David P. Holloway) *

(Chairman: John Hickman) *

(Chairman:

) *

(Chairman: Orsamus B. Matteson) *

Elections An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold Public administration, public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative ...

(Chairman: Israel Washburn Jr.) *

Engraving Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard, usually flat surface by cutting grooves into it with a burin. The result may be a decorated object in itself, as when silver, gold, steel, or glass are engraved, or may provide an in ...

(Chairman: William H. Kelsey) * Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Thomas L. Harris) * Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: John Pettit) * Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Preston S. Brooks) * Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Henry Waldron) * Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Joshua H. Jewett) * Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman:

Fayette McMullen LaFayette "Fayette" McMullen (May 18, 1805 – November 8, 1880) was a 19th-century politician, driver, teamster and banker from the U.S. state of Virginia and the second appointed Governor of Washington Territory. Early life and family Born ...

) * Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Alexander C. M. Pennington) *

(Chairman: Benjamin Pringle) * Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Andrew Oliver) *

(Chairman: George A. Simmons) *

(Chairman: Ezra Clark Jr.) * Mileage (Chairman: William H. Sneed) *

(Chairman:

) *

(Chairman: John C. Kunkel) * Naval Affairs (Chairman: Samuel P. Benson) * Patents (Chairman: Edwin B. Morgan) * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Daniel Mace) * Private Land Claims (Chairman: Gilchrist Porter) * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Edward Ball) * Public Expenditures (Chairman: Sidney Dean) *

(Chairman: Henry Bennett) * Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Alvah Sabin) * Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: David Ritchie) * Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman:

) * Roads and Canals (Chairman:

) *

Rules Rule or ruling may refer to: Education * Royal University of Law and Economics (RULE), a university in Cambodia Human activity * The exercise of political or personal control by someone with authority or power * Business rule, a rule pert ...

(Select) * Standards of Official Conduct *

(Chairman: Galusha A. Grow) * Ways and Means (Chairman: J. Glancy Jones then John S. Phelps) * Whole

Joint committees

* Amending the Constitution on Presidential and Vice Presidential Elections * Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Rep.

) * The Library (Chairman: Rep.

William Aiken William Aiken (1779 – May 5, 1831), or William Aiken, Sr., was the founder and president of the pioneering South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company. and Born in County Antrim, Ireland, he immigrated to Charleston, South Carolina ...

) *

(Chairman: Rep. Matthias H. Nichols) * San Francisco Disaster

Caucuses

* Democratic (House) * Democratic (Senate)

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Architect of the Capitol The Architect of the Capitol (AOC) is the federal agency responsible for the maintenance, operation, development, and preservation of the United States Capitol Complex. It is an agency of the legislative branch of the federal government and is ...

: Thomas U. Walter * Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan

Senate

* Chaplain: Henry Slicer (

Methodist Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's ...

), until December 4, 1855 ** Henry C. Dean (

), until December 8, 1856 ** Stephen P. Hill (

Baptist Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only ( believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul compe ...

), elected December 8, 1856 *

Secretary A secretary, administrative professional, administrative assistant, executive assistant, administrative officer, administrative support specialist, clerk, military assistant, management assistant, office secretary, or personal assistant is a ...

: Asbury Dickins *

Sergeant at Arms Sergeant ( abbreviated to Sgt. and capitalized when used as a named person's title) is a rank in many uniformed organizations, principally military and policing forces. The alternative spelling, ''serjeant'', is used in The Rifles and other un ...

: Dunning R. McNair

House of Representatives

* Chaplain: None *

Clerk A clerk is a white-collar worker who conducts general office tasks, or a worker who performs similar sales-related tasks in a retail environment. The responsibilities of clerical workers commonly include record keeping, filing, staffing service ...

: John W. Forney, until February 4, 1856 **

William Cullom William Cullom (June 4, 1810 – December 6, 1896) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives. Biography Cullom was born on June 4, 1810, near Monticello, Kentucky, in Wayne County. He attended the p ...

, elected February 4, 1856 * Doorkeeper: Nathan Darling * Messenger: Thaddeus Morrice * Postmaster: Robert Morris *

: Adam J. Glossbrenner * Reading Clerks:

Notes

References

* *

External links

Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20060601025644/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/index.html Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
U.S. House of Representatives: House History

* * {{USCongresses