Santi di Tito (5 December 1536 – 25 July 1603) was one of the most influential and leading Italian painters of the proto- Baroque style – what is sometimes referred to as "Counter-Maniera" or

Counter-Mannerism Counter-''Maniera'' or Counter-Mannerism (variously capitalized and part-italicized) is a term in art history for a trend identified by some art historians in 16th-century Italian painting that forms a sub-category or phase of Mannerism, the dom ...

Biography

He was born in

Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico ...

, then its own city-state. There is little documentation to support the alleged training under

Bronzino Agnolo di Cosimo (; 17 November 150323 November 1572), usually known as Bronzino ( it, Il Bronzino ) or Agnolo Bronzino, was an Italian Mannerist painter from Florence. His sobriquet, ''Bronzino'', may refer to his relatively dark skin or red ...

or Baccio Bandinelli. From 1558 to 1564, he worked in Rome on frescoes in Palazzo Salviati and the Sala Grande of the Belvedere (''Homage of the People'') alongside

Giovanni de' Vecchi Giovanni de' Vecchi (1536, Sansepolcro – 1614) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period. Born in Borgo San Sepolcro, He first apprenticed with the painter Raffaello del Colle, then with Taddeo Zuccari, whom he assisted in the in ...

and

Niccolò Circignani Niccolò Circignani (c. 1517/1524 – after 1596) was an Italian painter of the late- Renaissance or Mannerist period. Biography Born in Pomarance, he is one of three Italian painters called Pomarancio. His first works are documented from ...

. He acquired a classical trait, described as ''

Raphael Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, better known as Raphael (; or ; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual ...

esque'' by S. J. Freedberg. This style contrasted with the reigning ornate Roman painterliness of

Federico Federico (; ) is a given name and surname. It is a form of Frederick, most commonly found in Spanish, Portuguese and Italian. People with the given name Federico Artists * Federico Ágreda, Venezuelan composer and DJ. * Federico Aguilar Alc ...

and Taddeo Zuccari or their Florentine equivalents:

Vasari Giorgio Vasari (, also , ; 30 July 1511 – 27 June 1574) was an Italian Renaissance Master, who worked as a painter, architect, engineer, writer, and historian, who is best known for his work '' The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculp ...

Alessandro Allori Alessandro di Cristofano di Lorenzo del Bronzino Allori (Florence, 31 May 153522 September 1607) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist Florentine school. Biography In 1540, after the death of his father, Allori was brought up and trai ...

, and

. After returning to Florence in 1564, he joined the Accademia del Disegno. He contributed two conventionally

Mannerist Mannerism, which may also be known as Late Renaissance, is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520, spreading by about 1530 and lasting until about the end of the 16th century in Ita ...

paintings for the Duke's study and laboratory, the

Studiolo of Francesco I The Studiolo is a small painting-encrusted barrel-vaulted room in the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, Italy. It was commissioned by Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. It was completed for the duke from 1570 to 1572, by teams of artists under ...

in the

Palazzo Vecchio The Palazzo Vecchio ( "Old Palace") is the town hall of Florence, Italy. It overlooks the Piazza della Signoria, which holds a copy of Michelangelo's ''David'' statue, and the gallery of statues in the adjacent Loggia dei Lanzi. Originally c ...

. This artistic project was partly overseen by

Giorgio Vasari Giorgio Vasari (, also , ; 30 July 1511 – 27 June 1574) was an Italian Renaissance Master, who worked as a painter, architect, engineer, writer, and historian, who is best known for his work '' The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculp ...

. These paintings – the ''Sisters of Fetonte (Phaeton)'' and ''Hercules and Iole'' – like many of those in the

studiolo A cabinet (also known by other terms) was a private room in the houses and palaces of early modern Europe serving as a study or retreat, usually for a man. The cabinet would be furnished with books and works of art, and sited adjacent to his ...

, are stylized and overcrowded. Baldinucci recounts that Santi completely rejected the ''maniera'' of Bronzino, and embraced a classical Reformist and naturalistic style.F. Baldinucci, Notizie dei professori del disegno da Cimabue in qua, (1681-1728) 2, pp. 540-544., ed. by F. Ranalli, Florence 1845-1847. Santi went on to contribute a ''Sacra Conversazione'' for the Ognissanti and painted two altarpieces for Santa Croce in Florence: a crowded but monumental ''Resurrection'' (1570–74), and a creatively inspired and decorous ''Supper at Emmaus'' (1574). Santi also painted a ''Resurrection of Lazarus'' for Volterra Cathedral; a ''Madonna'' for San Salvatore al Vescovo; a ''Burial of Christ'' for S. Giuseppe; a ''Baptism of Christ by St John'' for the Corsini palace,

. Santi died in Florence on July 23, 1603. Santi's mature style is reflected in his masterpiece of the ''Vision of Saint Thomas Aquinas'', also known as ''Saint Thomas Dedicating His Works to Christ'' located in the church of

San Marco San Marco is one of the six sestieri of Venice, lying in the heart of the city as the main place of Venice. San Marco also includes the island of San Giorgio Maggiore. Although the district includes Saint Mark's Square, that was never admi ...

in Florence. It expresses a simple, pious gesture that appeared to have been lost from the courtly sensibility of Italian painting since the days of

, while maintaining the brittle, demarcated colour that is classic of Tuscan works. The work has an earnest fervour lacking in his earlier mannerist works, which sometimes appear like a collection of posed statues over-painted with skin hues. This new contra-maniera style finds some echoes in the rising Bolognese Baroque style of the Carracci. Among his pupils were Ludovico

Cigoli Lodovico Cardi (21 September 1559 – 8 June 1613), also known as Cigoli, was an Italian painter and architect of the late Mannerist and early Baroque period, trained and active in his early career in Florence, and spending the last nine years ...

, the leading painter of art Reform in late sixteenth and early seventeenth century Florence. Another pupil named Francesco Mochi became a prominent sculptor in the Baroque style and created, among other pieces, the colossal '' Saint Veronica'', in the crossing of St. Peter's Basilica in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

Works

;Paintings *''Resurrection of Lazarus'' (1576) -

Santa Maria Novella Santa Maria Novella is a church in Florence, Italy, situated opposite, and lending its name to, the city's main railway station. Chronologically, it is the first great basilica in Florence, and is the city's principal Dominican church. The ch ...

, Florence *''Sacred Conversation'' *''Annunciation'' (1576) -

, Florence *''Sisters of Phaeton'' (1572) -

, Florence *''Hercules and Iole'' (1572) -

, Florence *''Pietà with Saints and Military Officer'' -

Galleria degli Uffizi The Uffizi Gallery (; it, Galleria degli Uffizi, italic=no, ) is a prominent art museum located adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy. One of the most important Italian museums ...

, Florence *''Holy Family with St. Elizabeth and John the Baptist' *''Tobie and the Angel'' (circa 1575) - Saint-Eustache, Paris *''Doubting Thomas'' (1583) - Duomo,

Borgo San Sepolcro Sansepolcro, formerly Borgo Santo Sepolcro, is a town and '' comune'' founded in the 11th century, located in the Italian Province of Arezzo in the eastern part of the region of Tuscany. Situated on the upper reaches of the Tiber river, the tow ...

*''Crucifixion'' (1588) - Santa Croce, Florence *''Marriage at Cana'' (1593) - Villa I Collazzi, near Scandicci *''Supper at Emmaus'' (1588) - Sant Croce *''Annunciation'' (1602) - Santa Maria Novella *''Four ages of Woman and the Written Law'' - Musee Fesch,

Ajaccio Ajaccio (, , ; French: ; it, Aiaccio or ; co, Aiacciu , locally: ; la, Adiacium) is a French commune, prefecture of the department of Corse-du-Sud, and head office of the '' Collectivité territoriale de Corse'' (capital city of Corsic ...

* ''Christ'' - Mykolas Zilinskas Art Museum,

Kaunas, Lithuania Kaunas (; ; also see other names) is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius and an important centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the largest city and the centre of a county in the Duchy of Trak ...

*''Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well'' - Blanton Art Museum, Austin, Texas ;Architecture * San Tommaso d'Aquino oratory, in Florence *Saint Micheal Rotunda, in Petrognano * Palazzo Nonfinito staircase, in Florence * Palazzo Dardinelli-Fenzi, in Florence *Palazzo Zanchini-Corbinelli, in Florence *Palazzo di Santi di Tito (own house), in Florence * San Michele Convent (Villa di Doccia), near

Fiesole Fiesole () is a town and ''comune'' of the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region of Tuscany, on a scenic height above Florence, 5 km (3 miles) northeast of that city. It has structures dating to Etruscan and Roman times. Si ...

*Villa di Motrone, in Peretola (Florence) *Villa dei Collazzi, in Giogoli ( Scandicci) *Villa Le Corti, in San Casciano

Gallery

Santi di tito, allegoria dell'estate.JPG, ''Allegory of the State'' (Pushkin Museum) Santi di Tito Hercules y Omfale Studiolo.jpg, ''Hercules and Omphalus'',

Santi di Tito El paso del Mar rojo Studiolo.jpg, ''Crossing Red Sea'',

Santi di Tito 001.jpg, ''Sisters of Phaeton'',

Santi di Tito Adoration of the Magi.jpg, Adoration of Magi, Church of St. Mary in Krzeszowice Santi di Tito - The Annunciation - Walters 371677.jpg, ''Annunciation'' Duomo di sansepolcro, interno, santi di tito, incredulità di san tommaso.JPG, ''Incredulity of Thomas'' Eglise di Saint Eustache, Santi di Tito, Tobia e l'Angelo.JPG, ''Tobias and Angel'', Saint-Eustache, Paris Ognissanti, Santi di Tito, Sacra covesazione.JPG, ''Sacred Conversation'' ( Ognissanti, Florence) Ognissanti, altare dell'assunta, santi di tito e maso da san friano, assunta 02.JPG, ''Assumption of Virgin'' (with

Maso da San Friano Maso da San Friano (1536–1571) was an Italian painter active in Florence. His real name was Tomaso D'Antonio Manzuoli. He was born in San Friano and died in Florence. According to Giorgio Vasari, Maso was a pupil of Pier Francesco Foschi wh ...

, in Ognissanti)

References

Citations

Sources

* * * * * *

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tito, Santi di 1536 births 1603 deaths Place of death missing People from Sansepolcro 16th-century Italian architects 16th-century Italian painters Italian male painters 17th-century Italian painters Painters from Tuscany Italian Renaissance painters Mannerist painters Catholic painters