Rudolf Platte
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Rudolf Antonius Heinrich Platte (12 February 1904 – 18 December 1984) was a
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...
actor.


Biography

Born in Hörde, Westphalia (today part of
Dortmund Dortmund (; Westphalian nds, Düörpm ; la, Tremonia) is the third-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia after Cologne and Düsseldorf, and the eighth-largest city of Germany, with a population of 588,250 inhabitants as of 2021. It is the la ...
) the son of a merchant, his family moved to
Hildesheim Hildesheim (; nds, Hilmessen, Hilmssen; la, Hildesia) is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany with 101,693 inhabitants. It is in the district of Hildesheim, about southeast of Hanover on the banks of the Innerste River, a small tributary of the Lei ...
three years later. Rudolf left school at the age of 16 to take acting lessons, making his debut in 1925 as
Shylock Shylock is a fictional character in William Shakespeare's play ''The Merchant of Venice'' (c. 1600). A Venetian Jewish moneylender, Shylock is the play's principal antagonist. His defeat and conversion to Christianity form the climax of the ...
in Shakespeare's ''
The Merchant of Venice ''The Merchant of Venice'' is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1596 and 1598. A merchant in Venice named Antonio defaults on a large loan provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock. Although classified as ...
'' in
Düsseldorf Düsseldorf ( , , ; often in English sources; Low Franconian and Ripuarian: ''Düsseldörp'' ; archaic nl, Dusseldorp ) is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany. It is the second-largest city in th ...
. Two years later he moved to
Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...
, where he together with
Werner Finck Werner Finck (2 May 1902 – 31 July 1978) was a German ''Kabarett'' comedian, actor and author. Not politically motivated by his own admission but just a "convinced individualist", he became one of Germany's leading cabaret artists under the co ...
and
Hans Deppe Hans Deppe (; 12 November 1897 – 23 September 1969) was a German actor and film director. Filmography As director As actor References External links * 1897 births 1969 deaths German male film actors German television dire ...
founded the cabaret '' Die Katakombe''. From 1929 onward, Platte performed in more than 200 film roles, embodying the shy and underestimated, likeable "Little Man". In 1940 he succeeded
Ralph Arthur Roberts Ralph Arthur Roberts (born Robert Arthur Schönherr; 2 October 1884 – 12 March 1940)Komische Oper The Komische Oper Berlin is a German opera company based in Berlin. The company produces opera Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers. Such a "work" (the literal tra ...
) until its final closure in 1944. From 1945 to 1947 he directed the
Theater am Schiffbauerdamm The ''Theater am Schiffbauerdamm'' () is a theatre building at the ''Schiffbauerdamm'' riverside in the Mitte district of Berlin, Germany, opened on 19 November 1892. Since 1954, it has been home to the Berliner Ensemble theatre company, founde ...
, which in 1954 became home of the
Berliner Ensemble The Berliner Ensemble () is a German theatre company established by actress Helene Weigel and her husband, playwright Bertolt Brecht, in January 1949 in East Berlin. In the time after Brecht's exile, the company first worked at Wolfgang Langhoff ...
theatre company. After World War II, Platte could continue his film career in
West Germany West Germany is the colloquial term used to indicate the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; german: Bundesrepublik Deutschland , BRD) between its formation on 23 May 1949 and the German reunification through the accession of East Germany on 3 O ...
, performing in numerous comedies as well as in literary film adaptions, later also on television, and still successfully appeared on stage in Berlin. In 1942 he had married the actress
Georgia Lind Georgia Lind (1905–1984) was a German stage and film actress. She appeared in a mixture of leading and supporting roles in films. From the mid-1930s she devoted herself increasingly to the theatre, and post-Second World War she also did a large ...
(his second wife). The couple divorced shortly afterwards, but remarried in 1954. In the intervening year he was married to another actress
Marina Ried Marina Ried ( Rsjevskaja; 1921–1989) was a Russian-born German stage and film actress.Cowie & Elley p.167 The niece of the film star Olga Chekhova, she was born in Moscow but moved to Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Repu ...
. Both are buried in an
ehrengrab An ''Ehrengrab'' (English: 'grave of honor') is a distinction granted by certain German, Swiss and Austrian cities to some of their citizens for extraordinary services or achievements in their lifetimes. If there are no descendants or instituti ...
in the Berlin
Wilmersdorf Wilmersdorf (), an inner-city locality of Berlin, lies south-west of the central city. Formerly a borough by itself, Wilmersdorf became part of the new borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf in Berlin's 2001 administrative reform. History The vi ...
cemetery.


Selected filmography

* '' Revolt in the Reformatory'' (1930) - Erziehungsgehilfe * ''
Three Days of Love ''Three Days of Love'' (german: Drei Tage Liebe) is a 1931 German drama film directed by Heinz Hilpert and starring Hans Albers, Käthe Dorsch, and Trude Berliner. It was made and distributed by the independent Felsom Film company. It was shot a ...
'' (1931) - Chauffeur * ''Zimmer 12 a'' (1931) * ''
The Pride of Company Three ''The Pride of Company Three'' (German: ''Der Stolz der 3. Kompanie'') is a 1932 German comedy film directed by Fred Sauer and starring Heinz Rühmann, Anton Walbrook and Eugen Burg. It premiered on 4 January 1932.Grange p.379 It was shot at the ...
'' (1932) - Unteroffizier Knoll * ''Das Millionentestament'' (1932) - Verkäufer Krüppli * ''
This One or None ''This One or None'' (German: ''Die - oder keine'') is a 1932 German musical film directed by Carl Froelich and starring Gitta Alpar, Max Hansen and Ferdinand von Alten. It is part of the tradition of operetta films. It was shot at the Johannis ...
'' (1932) - Officer * ''
How Shall I Tell My Husband? ''How Shall I Tell My Husband?'' (german: Wie sag' ich's meinem Mann?) is a 1932 German comedy film directed by Reinhold Schünzel and starring Renate Müller, Georg Alexander, and Ida Wüst. It was shot at the Babelsberg and Tempelhof Studios ...
'' (1932) - Beamter * ''
Love at First Sight Love at first sight is a personal experience as well as a common trope in literature: a person or character feels an instant, extreme, and ultimately long-lasting romantic attraction for a stranger upon first seeing that stranger. Described by p ...
'' (1932) - Crammberg, Adjutant des Prinzen * ''
I by Day, You by Night ''I by Day, You by Night'' (german: Ich bei Tag und du bei Nacht) is a 1932 German musical comedy film directed by Ludwig Berger and starring Käthe von Nagy and Willy Fritsch. It was shot at the Babelsberg Studios and on location at the Sansso ...
'' (1932) - Kuchenkellner * '' F.P.1 Doesn't Respond'' (1932) - Radio Operator * ''Eine Tür geht auf'' (1933) * '' Morgenrot'' (1933) * ''
Two Good Comrades ''Two Good Comrades'' (german: Zwei gute Kameraden) is a 1933 German war comedy film directed by Max Obal and starring Paul Hörbiger, Fritz Kampers, and Jessie Vihrog. The film's art direction was by Robert A. Dietrich Robert A. Dietrich ...
'' (1933) * ''Der Stern von Valencia'' (1933) * '' Hitlerjunge Quex'' (1933) - Moritatensänger (carnival singer) (uncredited) * ' (1933) - Wagner * ''Viktor und Viktoria'' (1933) * ''
The Sun Rises ''The Sun Rises'' (Romanian: ''Răsare soarele'') is a 1954 Romanian drama film directed by Dinu Negreanu.Liehm & Liehm p.143 It was made at the recently opened Buftea Studios in Bucharest. The film is a sequel to Negreanu's 1953 film '' The Bug ...
'' (1934) - Sauerwein * ''
Such a Rascal ''Such a Rascal'' (German: ''So ein Flegel'') is a 1934 German comedy film and starring Heinz Rühmann, Ellen Frank and Annemarie Sörensen. It was shot at the EFA Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Karl Böh ...
'' (1934) - Rettig, Tanzlehrer * ''
Gold Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from la, aurum) and atomic number 79. This makes it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. It is a bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile met ...
'' (1934) - Schwarz * ''
Pappi In Asteraceae, the pappus is the modified calyx, the part of an individual floret, that surrounds the base of the corolla tube in flower. It functions as a wind-dispersal mechanism for the seeds. The term is sometimes used for similar s ...
'' (1934) - Der Mann * ''Der Meisterboxer'' (1934) - Ein Tanzpaar * ''
Charley's Aunt ''Charley's Aunt'' is a farce in three acts written by Brandon Thomas. The story centres on Lord Fancourt Babberley, an undergraduate whose friends Jack and Charley persuade him to impersonate the latter's aunt. The complications of the plot inc ...
'' (1934) - Shipmaker * ''
What Am I Without You ''What Am I Without You'' (german: Was bin ich ohne Dich) is a 1934 German musical comedy film directed by Arthur Maria Rabenalt and starring Wolfgang Liebeneiner, Betty Bird, and Olga Chekhova. The film's sets were designed by the art director ...
'' (1934) - Franz Hurtig, Schriftsteller * ''
Heinz in the Moon ''Heinz in the Moon'' (german: Heinz im Mond) is a 1934 German comedy film directed by Robert A. Stemmle and starring Heinz Rühmann, Rudolf Platte and Annemarie Sörensen. It was shot at the Halensee Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were desi ...
'' (1934) - Arthur Kosemund, Nessels Diener * '' The Cousin from Nowhere'' (1934) - August * ''
Bashful Felix ''Bashful Felix'' or ''Felix is Right on Target'' (german: Schützenkönig wird der Felix) is a 1934 German comedy film directed by Carl Boese and starring Rudolf Platte, Ursula Grabley, and Jakob Tiedtke.Bock & Bergfelder p. 367 It was made by ...
'' (1934) - Felix Kaminski * ''Der Herr Senator. Die fliegende Ahnfrau'' (1934) - Theo Keller * '' Love Conquers All'' (1934) - Max - sein Freund * ''Grüß' mir die Lore noch einmal'' (1934) - Theo * '' Love, Death and the Devil'' (1934) - Spunda * '' One Too Many on Board'' (1935) * ''
The Gypsy Baron ''The Gypsy Baron'' () is an operetta in three acts by Johann Strauss II which premiered at the Theater an der Wien on 24 October 1885. Its German libretto by Ignaz Schnitzer is based on the unpublished 1883 story ''Saffi'' by Mór Jókai. Jokai ...
'' (1935) * ''
The Court Concert ''The Court Concert'' (german: Das Hofkonzert) is a 1936 German historical romantic comedy film directed by Detlef Sierck (later known as Douglas Sirk), and starring Mártha Eggerth, Johannes Heesters, and Kurt Meisel.Hake p. 142 It was made b ...
'' (1936) * ''
Donogoo Tonka ''Donogoo Tonka'' is a 1936 German comedy film directed by Reinhold Schünzel and starring Anny Ondra, Viktor Staal and Will Dohm.Kreimeier p. 284 It is based on a play of the same name by Jules Romains. A separate French-language version '' Do ...
'' (1936) * '' Stjenka Rasin'' (1936) * '' A Girl from the Chorus'' (1937) * ''
Autobus S ''Autobus S'' is a 1937 German comedy film directed by Heinz Hille and starring Hermann Speelmans, Carsta Löck, and Günther Lüders Günther Lüders (5 March 1905 – 1 March 1975) was a German actor. He appeared in more than 120 films bet ...
'' (1937) *'' The Chief Witness'' (1937) * ''
Gasparone ''Gasparone'' is an operetta in three acts by Carl Millöcker to a German libretto by Friedrich Zell and Richard Genée. The libretto was later revised by and . An amusing feature of the work is that the title character never appears and acts ...
'' (1937) * '' The Vagabonds'' (1937) * '' Monika'' (1938) * '' The Girl of Last Night'' (1938) * ''
So You Don't Know Korff Yet? ''So You Don't Know Korff Yet?'' (German: ''Nanu, Sie kennen Korff noch nicht?'') is a 1938 German comedy crime film directed by Fritz Holl and starring Heinz Rühmann, Victor Janson and Franz Schafheitlin. It was shot at the Babelsberg Studios ...
'' (1938) * '' The Blue Fox'' (1938) * '' Woman at the Wheel'' (1939) * ''
Marriage in Small Doses ''Marriage in Small Doses'' (german: Ehe in Dosen) is a 1939 German musical comedy film directed by Johannes Meyer and starring Leny Marenbach, Johannes Riemann, and Ralph Arthur Roberts.Bock & Bergfelder p. 518 It was based on a play, which wa ...
'' (1939) * '' In the Name of the People'' (1939) * ''
Who's Kissing Madeleine? ''Who's Kissing Madeleine?'' (German: ''Wer küßt Madeleine?'') is a 1939 German comedy film directed by Victor Janson and starring Magda Schneider, Albert Matterstock and Herti Kirchner.Parish p.503 The film's sets were designed by the art direc ...
'' (1939) * ''
Twelve Minutes After Midnight ''Twelve Minutes After Midnight'' (German: ''Zwölf Minuten nach zwölf'') is a 1939 German comedy crime film directed by Johannes Guter and starring Geraldine Katt, Ursula Herking and René Deltgen.Kreimeier p.313 Synopsis In Stockholm a young f ...
'' (1939) * ''
The Girl at the Reception ''The Girl at the Reception'' (german: Mädchen im Vorzimmer) is a 1940 German drama film directed by Gerhard Lamprecht and starring Magda Schneider, Heinz Engelmann, and Carsta Löck. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Herma ...
'' (1940) * ''
My Daughter Doesn't Do That ''My Daughter Doesn't Do That'' (german: Meine Tochter tut das nicht) is a 1940 German romantic comedy film directed by Hans H. Zerlett and starring Ralph Arthur Roberts, Erika von Thellmann, and Geraldine Katt.Bock & Bergfelder p. 550 The film' ...
'' (1940) * ''
Alarm An alarm device is a mechanism that gives an audible, visual or other kind of alarm signal to alert someone to a problem or condition that requires urgent attention. Alphabetical musical instruments Etymology The word ''alarm'' comes from th ...
'' (1941) * ''
The Master Detective ''The Master Detective'' (german: Der Meisterdetektiv) is a 1944 German comedy film directed by Hubert Marischka and starring Rudolf Platte who plays a private detective. The film's art direction was by Gustav A. Knauer and Arthur Schwarz. C ...
'' (1944) * ''
After the Rain Comes Sunshine ''After the Rain Comes Sunshine'' (german: Nach Regen scheint Sonne) is a 1949 West German comedy film directed by Erich Kobler and starring Sonja Ziemann, Gert Fröbe and Rudolf Platte.Grote p. 294 It takes its title from a popular song of the p ...
'' (1949) * ''
Third from the Right ''Third from the Right'' (german: Die Dritte von rechts) is a 1950 West German musical crime film directed by Géza von Cziffra and starring Vera Molnar, Robert Lindner and Peter van Eyck. It was made by the Hamburg-based company Real Film at t ...
'' (1950) * '' This Man Belongs to Me'' (1950) * '' When Men Cheat'' (1950) * '' Unknown Sender'' (1950) * '' The Man in Search of Himself'' (1950) * '' You Have to be Beautiful'' (1951) * ''
Maya of the Seven Veils ''Maya of the Seven Veils'' or ''The Veiled Lady'' (german: Die verschleierte Maja) is a 1951 West German musical film directed by Géza von Cziffra and starring Maria Litto, Willy Fritsch and Rudolf Platte.Bock & Bergfelder p. 225 It was shot ...
'' (1951) * '' When the Evening Bells Ring'' (1951) * '' Pension Schöller'' (1952) * '' The Exchange'' (1952) * ''
Three Days of Fear ''Three Days of Fear'' (german: Drei Tage Angst) is a 1952 West German comedy crime film directed by Erich Waschneck and starring Rudolf Platte, Camilla Spira and Cornelia Froboess.Bock & Bergfelder p. 193 It was shot at the Göttingen Studios. T ...
'' (1952) * '' You Only Live Once'' (1952) * ''
My Wife Is Being Stupid ''My Wife Is Being Stupid'' or ''My Wife Is Acting Silly'' (german: Meine Frau macht Dummheiten) is a 1952 West German comedy film directed by Géza von Bolváry and starring Inge Egger, Hans Holt, and Marina Ried. It was made at the Göttingen ...
'' (1952) * '' A Musical War of Love'' (1953) * ''
Lady's Choice Lady's Choice is a spread and salad dressing condiment brand owned by Unilever. The brand was introduced in the Philippines in 1955 by California Manufacturing Company, Inc. (CMC). In 2000, Unilever Philippines, Inc. acquired CMC as a result of ...
'' (1953) * '' Dutch Girl'' (1953) * ''
The Bachelor Trap ''The Bachelor Trap'' (german: Die Junggesellenfalle) is a 1953 West German comedy film directed by Fritz Böttger and starring Oskar Sima, Rudolf Platte and Rudolf Carl.Goble p.250 It was made at the Bavaria Studios in Munich. The film's sets ...
'' (1953) * '' The Flower of Hawaii'' (1953) * '' My Sister and I'' (1954) * ''
Columbus Discovers Kraehwinkel ''Columbus Discovers Kraehwinkel'' (german: Columbus entdeckt Krähwinkel) is a 1954 West German comedy film directed by Ulrich Erfurth and Alexander Paal and starring Eva Kerbler, Rudolf Platte and two sons of Charlie Chaplin, Charles Chaplin ...
'' (1954) * ''
The Great Lola ''The Great Lola'' (german: Die tolle Lola) is a 1954 West German comedy film directed by Hans Deppe and starring Herta Staal, Wolf Albach-Retty and Grethe Weiser.Bock & Bergfelder p.519 The film's sets were designed by the art directors Willi ...
'' (1954) * ''
Money from the Air ''Money from the Air'' (german: Geld aus der Luft) is a 1954 West German musical comedy film directed by Géza von Cziffra and starring Josef Meinrad, Lonny Kellner, and Grethe Weiser. It was shot at the Wandsbek Studios of Real Film in Hamburg ...
'' (1954) * ''
The False Adam ''The False Adam'' (german: Der falsche Adam) is a 1955 West German comedy film directed by Géza von Cziffra and starring Waltraut Haas, Rudolf Platte and Doris Kirchner. The film's sets were designed by the art director Albrecht Becker and ...
'' (1955) * '' Ball at the Savoy'' (1955) * ''
Mamitschka ''Mamitschka'' is a 1955 West German comedy-drama film directed by Rolf Thiele and starring Mila Kopp, Rudolf Platte and Jester Naefe. It was shot at the Göttingen Studios and on location around Bamberg in Bavaria. The film's sets were design ...
'' (1955) * '' Music, Music and Only Music'' (1955) * ''
Love, Dance and a Thousand Songs ''Love, Dance and a Thousand Songs'' (German: ''Liebe, Tanz und 1000 Schlager'') is a 1955 West German musical comedy film directed by Paul Martin and starring Caterina Valente, Peter Alexander and Rudolf Platte. It is a revue film, showcasing a ...
'' (1955) * '' The Spanish Fly'' (1955) * ''
The Beautiful Master ''The Beautiful Master'' (German: ''Die schöne Meisterin'') is a 1956 West German comedy film directed by Rudolf Schündler and starring Herta Staal, Paul Bösiger and Walter Gross.Höfig p.338 The film's sets were designed by the art directo ...
'' (1956) * '' The Bath in the Barn'' (1956) * '' Tired Theodore'' (1957) * '' The Simple Girl'' (1957) * ''
The Zurich Engagement ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the ...
'' (1957) * ''
Der Haus-Tyrann ''The Domestic Tyrant'' (german: Der Haus-Tyrann) is a 1959 West German comedy film directed by Hans Deppe and starring Heinz Erhardt, Grethe Weiser and Peter Vogel.Bock & Bergfelder p.113 It is based on the play '' The Scoundrel'' by Hans Reim ...
'' (1957) * ''
Aunt Wanda from Uganda ''Tante Wanda aus Uganda'' ("Aunt Wanda from Uganda") is a 1957 West German comedy film directed by Géza von Cziffra and starring Grethe Weiser, Georg Thomalla and Lucie Englisch. The screenplay concerns a strong-willed woman who returns from ...
'' (1957) * '' The Muzzle'' (1958) * ''
La Paloma "La Paloma", "The Dove" in English, is a popular Spanish song that has been produced and reinterpreted in diverse cultures, settings, arrangements, and recordings over the last 140 years. The song was written by the Spanish Basque composer Seb ...
'' (1959) * ''
The Domestic Tyrant ''The Domestic Tyrant'' (german: Der Haus-Tyrann) is a 1959 West German comedy film directed by Hans Deppe and starring Heinz Erhardt, Grethe Weiser and Peter Vogel.Bock & Bergfelder p.113 It is based on the play '' The Scoundrel'' by Hans Reima ...
'' (1959) * '' The Buddenbrooks'' (1959) * ' (1960) * '' Her Most Beautiful Day'' (1962) * '' The Bird Seller'' (1962) * ''
Doctor Sibelius ''Doctor Sibelius'' (german: Frauenarzt Dr. Sibelius) is a 1962 West German drama film directed by Rudolf Jugert and starring Lex Barker, Barbara Rütting and Senta Berger.Bock & Bergfelder p. 61 It was shot at the Spandau Studios in Berlin and ...
'' (1962) * '' Stahlnetz'' (TV series) – ' (1963) * ''
Homesick for St. Pauli ''Homesick for St. Pauli'' (german: Heimweh nach St. Pauli) is a 1963 Cinema of Germany, German drama film directed by Werner Jacobs and starring Freddy Quinn, Josef Albrecht and Ullrich Haupt (actor, born 1915), Ullrich Haupt. It was based on a m ...
'' (1963) * '' Destination Death'' (1964) * ' (1968) * ''
Gentlemen in White Vests Gentlemen in White Vests (german: Die Herren mit der weißen Weste) is a 1970 German comedy film directed by Wolfgang Staudte and starring Martin Held, Walter Giller and Heinz Erhardt. It was shot at the Spandau Studios and on location aroun ...
'' (1970) * '' Der Kommissar'' (TV Series, Episode: "Der Tennisplatz") * ''
Derrick A derrick is a lifting device composed at minimum of one guyed mast, as in a gin pole, which may be articulated over a load by adjusting its guys. Most derricks have at least two components, either a guyed mast or self-supporting tower, and a ...
'' (1973, Episode: "Mitternachtsbus") * ''
Auch ich war nur ein mittelmäßiger Schüler ''Auch ich war nur ein mittelmäßiger Schüler'' is a 1974 West German comedy film directed by Werner Jacobs and starring Detlev Eckstein, Bernd Herberger and Jutta Speidel. Two men waiting for their wives to give birth, reminisce about their ...
'' (1974) * ''Der Kommissar'' (1975, Episode: "Der Mord an Dr. Winter") * ''Derrick'' (1977, Episode: "Offene Rechnung") * ''
The Old Fox ''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...
'' (1978, Episode: "Marholms Erben") * ''The Old Fox'' (1979, Episode: "Die Lüge") * ' (1981, TV film) * ''
Veronika Voss ''Veronika Voss'' (german: Die Sehnsucht der Veronika Voss, "The Longing of Veronika Voss") is a 1982 West German black-and-white drama film directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder, and starring Rosel Zech, Hilmar Thate, and Cornelia Froboess. Loos ...
'' (1982) * '' Jakob und Adele'' (1984, Episode: "Eine Altersliebe")


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Platte, Rudolf 1904 births 1984 deaths Actors from Dortmund German male film actors German male television actors 20th-century German male actors Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany