Realism, Realistic, or Realists may refer to:

In the arts

Realism (arts) Realism in the arts is generally the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding speculative and supernatural elements. The term is often used interchangeably with naturalism, although these terms are not ...

, the general attempt to depict subjects truthfully in different forms of the arts Arts movements related to realism include: *

Classical Realism Classical Realism is an artistic movement in the late-20th and early 21st century in which drawing and painting place a high value upon skill and beauty, combining elements of 19th-century neoclassicism and realism. Origins The term "Classic ...

* Literary realism, a movement from the mid 19th to the early 20th century *

Neorealism (art) In art, neorealism refers to a few movements. In literature Portuguese neorealism was a Marxist literary movement that began slightly before Salazar's reign. It was mostly in line with socialist realism. In painting Neo-realism in painting was est ...

** Italian neorealism (film) ** Indian neorealism (film) * New realism, a movement founded in 1960 *

Realism (art movement) Realism was an artistic movement that emerged in France in the 1840s, around the 1848 Revolution. Realists rejected Romanticism, which had dominated French literature and art since the early 19th century. Realism revolted against the exotic su ...

, 19th-century painting group *

Theatrical realism Realism in the theatre was a general movement that began in 19th-century theatre, around the 1870s, and remained present through much of the 20th century. It developed a set of dramatic and theatrical conventions with the aim of bringing a greate ...

, one of the many types of theatre such as Naturalism *

Vienna School of Fantastic Realism The Vienna School of Fantastic Realism (german: Wiener Schule des Phantastischen Realismus) is a group of artists founded in Vienna in 1946. It includes Ernst Fuchs, Maître Leherb (Helmut Leherb), Arik Brauer, Wolfgang Hutter and Anton Lehmden ...

, an art movement *

Socialist realism Socialist realism is a style of idealized realistic art that was developed in the Soviet Union and was the official style in that country between 1932 and 1988, as well as in other socialist countries after World War II. Socialist realism is ch ...

, an art style developed in the Soviet Union

In philosophy

* Philosophical realism Related realist philosophies include: *

Aesthetic realism (metaphysics) Philosophical realism is usually not treated as a position of its own but as a stance towards other subject matters. Realism about a certain kind of thing (like numbers or morality) is the thesis that this kind of thing has ''mind-independent exi ...

Agential realism Agential realism is a theory proposed by Karen Barad, in which the universe comprises phenomena which are "the ontological inseparability of intra-acting agencies". Intra-action, a neologism introduced by Barad, signals an important challenge to In ...

(Barad) * Australian realism *

Austrian realism Philosophical realism is usually not treated as a position of its own but as a stance towards other subject matters. Realism about a certain kind of thing (like numbers or morality) is the thesis that this kind of thing has ''mind-independent exi ...

* Conceptualist realism (Wiggins) *

Critical realism (disambiguation) Critical realism may refer to: * Critical realism (philosophy of perception), a perspective that states that some sense-data are accurate to external objects * Critical realism (philosophy of the social sciences), philosophical approach associated ...

Dialectical realism Ian MacDougall Hacking (born February 18, 1936) is a Canadian philosopher specializing in the philosophy of science. Throughout his career, he has won numerous awards, such as the Killam Prize for the Humanities and the Balzan Prize, and been a ...

(Hacking) * Direct realism * Empirical realism *

Entity realism Entity realism (also selective realism), sometimes equated with referential realism, is a philosophical position within the debate about scientific realism. It is a variation of realism (independently proposed by Stanford School philosophers Nancy ...

Epistemic structural realism In the philosophy of science, structuralism (also known as scientific structuralism or as the structuralistic theory-concept) asserts that all aspects of reality are best understood in terms of empirical scientific constructs of entities and their ...

Epistemological realism Epistemological realism is a philosophical position, a subcategory of objectivism, holding that what can be known about an object exists independently of one's mind. John Haldane, Crispin Wright (eds.), ''Reality, Representation, and Projection'', O ...

Hermeneutic realism Hermeneutics () is the theory and methodology of interpretation, especially the interpretation of biblical texts, wisdom literature, and philosophical texts. Hermeneutics is more than interpretative principles or methods used when immediate c ...

(Heidegger) *

Internal realism Hilary Whitehall Putnam (; July 31, 1926 – March 13, 2016) was an American philosopher, mathematician, and computer scientist, and a major figure in analytic philosophy in the second half of the 20th century. He made significant contributions ...

, also known as "pragmatic realism" (Putnam) *

Local realism In physics, the principle of locality states that an object is influenced directly only by its immediate surroundings. A theory that includes the principle of locality is said to be a "local theory". This is an alternative to the concept of ins ...

, the view held by the authors of the EPR paper *

Logical realism In logic, anti-psychologism (also logical objectivism or logical realism) is a theory about the nature of logical truth, that it does not depend upon the contents of human ideas but exists independent of human ideas. Overview The anti-psychologisti ...

, the conviction the rules of logic are mind-independent *

Metaphysical realism Philosophical realism is usually not treated as a position of its own but as a stance towards other subject matters. Realism about a certain kind of thing (like numbers or morality) is the thesis that this kind of thing has ''mind-independent exi ...

Modal realism Modal realism is the view propounded by philosopher David Lewis that all possible worlds are real in the same way as is the actual world: they are "of a kind with this world of ours." It is based on the following tenets: possible worlds exist; p ...

Model-dependent realism Model-dependent realism is a view of scientific inquiry that focuses on the role of scientific models of phenomena. It claims reality should be interpreted based upon these models, and where several models overlap in describing a particular subject, ...

(Hawking and Mlodinow) * Moderate realism *

Moral realism Moral realism (also ethical realism) is the position that ethical sentences express propositions that refer to objective features of the world (that is, features independent of subjective opinion), some of which may be true to the extent that they ...

* Naïve realism * New realism (philosophy) * Ontic structural realism *

Peircean realism Pragmatic ethics is a theory of normative philosophical ethics and meta-ethics. Ethical pragmatists such as John Dewey believe that some societies have progressed morally in much the way they have attained progress in science. Scientists can p ...

* Perspectival realism * Platonic realism * Quasi-realism *

Rational realism Christoph Gottfried Bardili (18 May 17615 June 1808) was a German philosopher and cousin of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling. He was critical of Kantian idealism and proposed his own system of philosophy known as rational realism, a view based pu ...

(Bardili) *

Realistic monism In philosophy, physicalism is the metaphysical thesis that "everything is physical", that there is "nothing over and above" the physical, or that everything supervenes on the physical. Physicalism is a form of ontological monism—a "one substance ...

(G. Strawson) *

Realistic rationalism In analytic philosophy, anti-realism is a position which encompasses many varieties such as metaphysical, mathematical, semantic, scientific, moral and epistemic. The term was first articulated by British philosopher Michael Dummett in an argument ...

(Katz) *

Referential realism A direct reference theory (also called referentialism or referential realism)Andrea Bianchi (2012) ''Two ways of being a (direct) referentialist'', in Joseph Almog, Paolo Leonardi, ''Having in Mind: The Philosophy of Keith Donnellan''p. 79/ref> is a ...

* Romantic realism *

Scientific realism Scientific realism is the view that the universe described by science is real regardless of how it may be interpreted. Within philosophy of science, this view is often an answer to the question "how is the success of science to be explained?" Th ...

Musgrave's scientific realism Alan Musgrave (; born 1940) is an English-born New Zealand philosopher. Biography Musgrave was educated at the London School of Economics with a BA Honours Philosophy and Economics 1961. Karl Popper supervised Musgrave's PhD which was complete ...

Scotistic realism Scotistic realism (also Scotist realism or Scotist formalism) is the Scotist position on the problem of universals. It is a form of moderate realism, which is sometimes referred to as 'scholastic realism'. The position maintains that universals ...

Semantic realism (epistemology) Sir Michael Anthony Eardley Dummett (27 June 1925 – 27 December 2011) was an English people, English academic described as "among the most significant British philosophers of the last century and a leading campaigner for racial tolerance and ...

(a position criticized by Dummett) *

Semantic realism (philosophy of science) Stathis Psillos (; el, Ευστάθιος (Στάθης) Ψύλλος; born 22 June 1965) is a Greek philosopher of science. He is Professor of Philosophy of Science and Metaphysics at the University of Athens, Greece and a member of thRotman In ...

(Psillos) *

Semirealism In moral philosophy, instrumental and intrinsic value are the distinction between what is a ''means to an end'' and what is as an ''end in itself''. Things are deemed to have instrumental value if they help one achieve a particular end; intrinsic ...

(Chakravartty) *

Set-theoretic realism The philosophy of mathematics is the Discipline (academia), branch of philosophy that studies the assumptions, foundations, and implications of mathematics. It aims to understand the nature and methodology, methods of mathematics, and find out ...

(Maddy) *

Speculative realism Speculative realism is a movement in contemporary Continental-inspired philosophy (also known as post-Continental philosophy) that defines itself loosely in its stance of metaphysical realism against its interpretation of the dominant forms of p ...

* Subtle realism *

Theological critical realism In theology, critical realism is an epistemological position adopted by a community of scientists turned theologians. They are influenced by the scientist turned philosopher Michael Polanyi. Polanyi's ideas were taken up enthusiastically by T.& ...

* Transcendental realism (Schelling, Schopenhauer, Bhaskar) * Truth-value link realism (a position criticized by Dummett)

In the social sciences

Realist approaches in the social sciences include: *

Ethnographic realism Within the field of anthropology and other social science Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. The term was formerly used to r ...

, either a descriptive word, i.e. of or relating to the first-hand participant-observation practices of ethnographers, or a writing style or genre that narrates in a similar fashion. *

Legal realism Legal realism is a naturalistic approach to law. It is the view that jurisprudence should emulate the methods of natural science, i.e., rely on empirical evidence. Hypotheses must be tested against observations of the world. Legal realists be ...

, the view that jurisprudence should emulate the methods of natural science, i.e., rely on empirical evidence *

Realism (international relations) Realism is one of the dominant schools of thought in international relations theory, theoretically formalising the Realpolitik statesmanship of early modern Europe. Although a highly diverse body of thought, it is unified by the belief that worl ...

, the view that world politics is driven by competitive self-interest **

Classical realism (international relations) Classical realism is an international relations theory from the realist school of thought. Realism makes the following assumptions: states are the main actors in the international relations system, there is no supranational international autho ...

** Neorealism (international relations) *

Structural realism Neorealism or structural realism is a theory of international relations that emphasizes the role of power politics in international relations, sees competition and conflict as enduring features and sees limited potential for cooperation. The anar ...

, in international relations * Subtle realism, in social science research methodology

Media

* ''Realistic'' (album), an album by Ivy * ''Realism'' (Steril album), an album by Steril * ''Realism'' (The Magnetic Fields album), an album by The Magnetic Fields

Politics

* Czech Realist Party, former political party in Austria-Hungary *

Realists (political party) Realists ( cs, Realisté) is a defunct conservative party based in the Czech Republic. It was founded by Petr Robejšek in November 2016. Other members include Pavel Kohout, Antonín Fryč and Jiří Horecký. Robejšek stated that the party aim ...

, conservative political party in the Czech Republic

Other uses