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English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...
: Wednesday from Light) is an opera by
Karlheinz Stockhausen Karlheinz Stockhausen (; 22 August 1928 – 5 December 2007) was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important but also controversial composers of the 20th and early 21st centuries. He is known for his groun ...
in a greeting, four scenes, and a farewell. It was the sixth of seven to be composed for the opera cycle (Light: The Seven Days of the Week), and the last to be staged. It was written between 1995 and 1997, and first staged in 2012.


History

The four component scenes were separately commissioned and premiered: * ''Welt-Parlament'' (World Parliament) was commissioned by the South German Radio Stuttgart and was composed from 29 December 1994 to 5 March 1995. It received its premiere on 3 February 1996, at the Hegelsaal of the Liederhalle in Stuttgart, sung by the Choir of the South German Radio, conducted by , with sound projection by Karlheinz Stockhausen. * ''Orchester-Finalisten'' (Orchestra Finalists) was commissioned by Jan van Vlijmen, director of the
Holland Festival The Holland Festival () is the oldest and largest performing arts festival in the Netherlands. It takes place every June in Amsterdam. It comprises theatre, music, opera and modern dance. In recent years, multimedia, visual arts, film and archit ...
, and was premiered on 14 June 1996, at the
Carré Theatre Carré is a French word, which means " square". ''Carré'' may also refer to: People *Carré (surname) *Carré Otis, American model and actress Places *Fort Carré, sixteenth-century fort in France * Vieux Carré, French Quarter of New Orleans ...
, Amsterdam, by the
Asko Ensemble Asko or ASKO may refer to: * Asko (name), a male given name common in Finland and Estonia * Askø, a Danish island * Asko Cylinda or Asko Appliances AB, a Swedish company producing household appliances * AskoSchönberg, a Dutch chamber orchestra ...
. * ''Helikopter-Streichquartett'' (Helicopter String Quartet) was premiered by the
Arditti Quartet The Arditti Quartet is a string quartet founded in 1974 and led by the British violinist Irvine Arditti. The quartet is a globally recognized promoter of contemporary classical music and has a reputation for having a very wide repertoire. T ...
and the Grasshoppers on 26 June 1995 in Amsterdam, as part of the Holland Festival. Performed "fairly regularly" since its premiere, it has become "the most iconic piece of classical music from the 1990s". * ''Michaelion'' was composed in 1997 on a commission from Udo Zimmermann for the Musica Viva concert series of the Bavarian Radio, Munich. The score is dedicated to the Archangel Michael. It was premiered on 26 July 1998 in the
Prinzregententheater The Prinzregententheater, or, as it was called in its first decades, the Prinz-Regenten-Theater, in English the Prince Regent Theatre, is a concert hall and opera house on Prinzregentenplatz in the Bavarian capital of Munich, Germany. Building ...
, Munich (Musica Viva series) by the Choir of the South German Radio, conducted by Rupert Huber, with
Kathinka Pasveer Kathinka Pasveer (born 11 June 1959) is a Dutch flautist. Biography Kathinka Pasveer was born in Zaandam, The Netherlands, daughter of the conductor Jan Pasveer, who also taught at the Conservatorium van Amsterdam, Amsterdam Conservatory. She stu ...
(flute),
Michael Vetter Michael Vetter (18 September 1943 – 7 December 2013) was a German composer, novelist, poet, performer, calligrapher, artist, and teacher. Biography Vetter was born in Oberstdorf in the Allgäu region of Germany, and received a conventional scho ...
(bass with short-wave receiver), Andreas Fischer (bass),
Suzanne Stephens Suzanne Stephens (born July 28, 1946) is an American clarinetist, resident in Germany, described as "an outstanding performer and tireless promoter of the clarinet and basset horn". Biography Suzanne Stephens was born in Waterloo, Iowa, the dau ...
(basset horn),
Marco Blaauw Marco Blaauw is a Dutch trumpet soloist known for his work in the field of new music and with Cologne-based contemporary music group Ensemble Musikfabrik. He plays a double bell trumpet, an invention that has allowed for numerous new compositions ...
(trumpet), Andrew Digby (trombone), Antonio Pérez Abellán (synthesizer), and Natascha Nikeprelevic (camel assistant). The staged premiere of ''Mittwoch'' was given by the
Birmingham Opera Company Birmingham Opera Company is a professional opera company based in Birmingham, England, that specialises in innovative and avant-garde productions of the operatic repertoire, often in unusual venues. History The company was founded by leading in ...
on what would have been the composer's 84th birthday, Wednesday 22 August 2012 at the Argyle Works, a former factory in Digbeth,
Birmingham Birmingham ( ) is a city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England. It is the second-largest city in the United Kingdom with a population of 1.145 million in the city proper, 2.92 million in the West ...
, as part of the
London 2012 Festival The 2012 Cultural Olympiad was a programme of cultural events across the United Kingdom that accompanied the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics. The Olympic Charter, the set of rules and guidelines for the organization of the Olym ...
, with further performances on 23, 24, and 25 August. The director was
Graham Vick Sir Graham Vick (30 December 1953 – 17 July 2021) was an English opera director known for his experimental and revisionist stagings of traditional and modern operas. He worked in many of the world's leading opera houses and was artistic d ...
, music director Kathinka Pasveer, designer Paul Brown, lighting Giuseppe di Iorio, and choreography Ron Howell. The production went on to win the 2012 Royal Philharmonic Society Award for Opera and Music Theatre.


Roles (staged premiere)


Synopsis

Wednesday is the day of cooperation and reconciliation among
Michael Michael may refer to: People * Michael (given name), a given name * Michael (surname), including a list of people with the surname Michael Given name "Michael" * Michael (archangel), ''first'' of God's archangels in the Jewish, Christian an ...
,
Eve Eve (; ; ar, حَوَّاء, Ḥawwāʾ; el, Εὕα, Heúa; la, Eva, Heva; Syriac: romanized: ) is a figure in the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible. According to the origin story, "Creation myths are symbolic stories describing how the ...
, and
Lucifer Lucifer is one of various figures in folklore associated with the planet Venus. The entity's name was subsequently absorbed into Christianity as a name for the devil. Modern scholarship generally translates the term in the relevant Bible passage ...
, and its
exoteric Exoteric refers to knowledge that is outside and independent from a person's experience and can be ascertained by anyone (related to common sense). The word is derived from the comparative form of Greek ἔξω ''eksô'', "from, out of, outside". ...
colour is bright yellow. The following list of 24 "scenic features" of the whole opera is found in the preface to the score of its final scene: # ''Light'' spirits: Eve, Michael, and Lucifer # Divine principles: intuition and harmony # Theme: love, friendship, and cosmic solidarity # Ritual: beauty and art # Beings: humans and the
guardian angel A guardian angel is a type of angel that is assigned to protect and guide a particular person, group or nation. Belief in tutelary beings can be traced throughout all antiquity. The idea of angels that guard over people played a major role in A ...
Raphael Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, better known as Raphael (; or ; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. List of works by Raphael, His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of ...
# Element:
air The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, known collectively as air, retained by Earth's gravity that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary atmosphere. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing f ...
# Sound: singing # Voices: soprano, tenor, and bass # Instruments: basset horn with flute, trumpet, trombone # Organ: brain, speech organ # Sense: sight (especially the right eye), pure reason # Centre: between the eyes, face,
clairvoyance Clairvoyance (; ) is the magical ability to gain information about an object, person, location, or physical event through extrasensory perception. Any person who is claimed to have such ability is said to be a clairvoyant () ("one who sees cl ...
# Awareness: understanding, vision, spiritual comprehension # Colour: bright yellow, iridescence of all colours. # Scents:
mastic Mastic may refer to: Adhesives and pastes *Mastic (plant resin) *Mastic asphalt, or asphalt, is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid * Mastic cold porcelain, or salt ceramic, is a traditional salt-based modeling clay. *Mastic, high-grade con ...
and frankincense # Precious stones: yellow
zircon Zircon () is a mineral belonging to the group of nesosilicates and is a source of the metal zirconium. Its chemical name is zirconium(IV) silicate, and its corresponding chemical formula is Zr SiO4. An empirical formula showing some of the r ...
,
topaz Topaz is a silicate mineral of aluminium and fluorine with the chemical formula Al Si O( F, OH). It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can mak ...
# Metal: mercury # Flower: golden yellow
rudbeckia ''Rudbeckia'' () is a plant genus in the Asteraceae or composite family. Rudbeckia flowers feature a prominent, raised central disc in black, brown shades of green, and in-between tones, giving rise to their familiar common names of coneflowers a ...
# Shrub: forsythia # Tree:
maple ''Acer'' () is a genus of trees and shrubs commonly known as maples. The genus is placed in the family Sapindaceae.Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 nd more or less continuously updated since http ...
,
Japanese maple ''Acer palmatum'', commonly known as Japanese maple, palmate maple, or smooth Japanese maple (Japanese: ''irohamomiji'', , or ''momiji'', (栴), is a species of woody plant native to Japan, Korea, China, eastern Mongolia, and southeast Russi ...
s # Animals: dove, camel # Number: 8 # Planet: Mercury # Symbol: ''Mittwoch'' is in four scenes, which are preceded by a greeting and followed by a farewell.


Mittwochs-Gruß

The ''Wednesday Greeting'' consists of the electronic music from the fourth scene, ''Michaelion'', and is played in the foyer amidst flues, winds, blowers, kites, balloons, and flying doves.


Scene 1: Welt-Parlament

The World Parliament convenes in a session above the clouds, and the subject for debate is love. As the parliamentarians arrive via transparent elevators at the top floor of the skyscraper or floating glass dome, helicopters and doves occasionally pass by in the blue sky beyond. The debate is carried on in unknown languages, with occasional lapses into intelligibility in the local language. Delegates rise to present their interpretations of love, with the President commenting on each view. When a janitor interrupts with the news that an illegally parked car is about to be towed away, the President realises it is his, and rushes out. A coloratura soprano is elected temporary President, and the debate is continued. After a final large vowel spiral, the parliamentarians synchronously declare the central theme of the opera: "World parliament ''Wednesday'' from ''Light'', day of reconciliation, love". The session is adjourned, all rise and exit while singing further attributes of Wednesday ("day of spaces", "day of women's rights", "day of Mercury", "day of reconciliation", "day of flying", "day of new languages", etc.) on a G. Unsure where he should exit, the fattest bass stops, turns to the audience in embarrassment, and before leaving stutters, "Now the next scene would follow".


Scene 2: Orchester-Finalisten

Eleven instrumentalists compete for posts in an orchestra, while floating high in the air. Telescopic observation reveals a variety of airborne scenes: a cathedral roof, aeroplanes flying over the sea, ships in a harbour, etc. In the last solo, the double-bass player becomes convulsed in an obsessive-compulsive fit of scraping and groaning, until the appearance of the mysterious figure of a mummy who, with a stroke on a Chinese gong, releases the bassist from his affliction. After all auditions have been completed, a horn player unexpectedly enters the hall, playing a signal, after which all of the players fly upward in a tutti finale. The solos are accompanied by electronic and concrete music in octophonic spatial projection, and each is associated with a particular image: *Oboe above a cathedral *Violoncello over an airport by the sea *Clarinet above a harbour with passing aircraft *Bassoon over a train pulled by a steam locomotive *Violin above a bird reserve *Tuba amongst flocks of birds and swarms of bees *Flute above a kindergarten with small goats *Trombone above a swimming pool with elephants *Viola flying with wild geese over a railway station *Trumpet over a
Marrakech Marrakesh or Marrakech ( or ; ar, مراكش, murrākuš, ; ber, ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, translit=mṛṛakc}) is the fourth largest city in the Kingdom of Morocco. It is one of the four Imperial cities of Morocco and is the capital of the Marrakes ...
market-place, with zebras, lions, wild geese, and horses *Contrabass above a sailing ship, with tree frogs and a beat up car *Horn *Orchestral Tutti


Scene 3: Helikopter-Streichquartett

The four musicians of a string quartet are first introduced to the audience by a moderator, who describes the technical details of the performance. The players then walk or are driven to four waiting helicopters, followed by video cameras transmitting back to television monitors in the auditorium. They are then carried into the air by the helicopters, from where they play a synchronized, polyphonic composition while reacting to the sounds of the rotor blades. Their playing is also influenced by the movements chosen by the pilots. From time to time their playing comes together in the same rhythms and bowings, even though it is plain they are isolated and kilometers apart. Video cameras and microphones transmit their images (including views through the glass cockpits of the world below) and sounds to four towers of video monitors and loudspeakers in the auditorium on the ground. After returning to the ground and concluding the composition, the musicians and pilots disembark and return to the auditorium, still followed by the video cameras. Once in the auditorium, the moderator introduces the pilots to the audience, and asks players and pilots about their experiences. Questions are also taken from the audience.


Scene 4: Michaelion

The Michaelion is a galactic headquarters where a meeting of delegates from different stars has been called in order to elect a new President. He or she must be a "galaxy operator" who can translate universal messages no one else can understand. The scene consists of three sub-scenes. Präsidium
As the delegates arrive, the word goes round that the favourite candidate is named Lucicamel. In the auditorium, someone is listening to a short-wave radio, occasionally mimicking the sounds. After a while, he leaves. Luzikamel
Lucicamel, who is a
Bactrian camel The Bactrian camel (''Camelus bactrianus''), also known as the Mongolian camel or domestic Bactrian camel, is a large even-toed ungulate native to the steppes of Central Asia. It has two humps on its back, in contrast to the single-humped drom ...
, arrives accompanied by a trombonist dressed in white, and is greeted by the delegates. In a series of events, he presents himself to the assembly. * " Kakabel". Lucicamel sings of Camael, the angel of the seven planets, and defecates seven differently coloured planet globes, "which emphasize MICHAEL'S light for the seven days of the week". Not all of the delegates are favourably impressed. * "Shoe-Shine Serenade". Two tenors polish Lucicamel's left fore hoof until it shines like gold, while two other tenors do the same with his left hind hoof. * "Pocket Trick". Lucicamel turns around and abruptly sticks one hoof into his pocket. Two tenor delegates entice him away with a large bottle of champagne and he nearly leaves, but is stopped and brought back by two altos. * "Camel Dance". A little tipsy, Lucicamel and his trombone assistant dance, while he sings the names of stars and sneers at "Sirius philistines who say that Lucicameltrombonut are not musical". The delegates chuckle and make ironic and humorous comments. * "Bullfight". Trombonut plays the part of a matador and Lucicamel plays the bull, while the delegates clap and cheer them on. Lucicamel wins, and sits down on the fallen trombonist while a podium is brought in and the women unzip the camel costume. From it emerges Luca, wearing a
Zen Zen ( zh, t=禪, p=Chán; ja, text= 禅, translit=zen; ko, text=선, translit=Seon; vi, text=Thiền) is a school of Mahayana Buddhism that originated in China during the Tang dynasty, known as the Chan School (''Chánzong'' 禪宗), and ...
monk's cape. He is brought a yellow robe, mask, and high, pointed hat. He is acclaimed as President and Operator, and takes his place on the podium. Operator
As Michael's Operator, Luca listens to broadcasts received on a short-wave radio in order to provide reports in response to problems successively posed by eleven delegates, who imitate him, poorly but humorously. * Thinki. An alto delegate's question (in German) is accompanied by a flautist in an ornate cadenza, and the Operator replies (in English), that "Leo lion galaxies ask Michael if God wants Michael, Eve, Lucifer to work together for cosmic solidarity". * Bassetsu Trio (Carousel). Trombonut and the trumpeter are now joined by a basset-horn player. Together they play and dance in a stylized, rotating choreography as the choir receives instruction from the Operator in various styles of singing and languages (
Noh is a major form of classical Japanese dance-drama that has been performed since the 14th century. Developed by Kan'ami and his son Zeami, it is the oldest major theatre art that is still regularly performed today. Although the terms Noh and ' ...
,
Kabuki is a classical form of Japanese dance-drama. Kabuki theatre is known for its heavily-stylised performances, the often-glamorous costumes worn by performers, and for the elaborate make-up worn by some of its performers. Kabuki is thought to ...
, American, Russian, Swedish, Italian, Kölsch, French, Zulu, Bavarian, Greek, Dutch, North German, and Chinese). A soprano from the choir sings about her home, the sun of planet Earth—"terra magica"—describing moments from ''Orchester-Finalisten'' ("I see oboes above cathedrals, I see a cello gently floating above an airport by the sea ..."). The tenors enter slowly, each holding a small book and softly singing the text "Litanei" from Stockhausen's 1968 composition cycle '' Aus den sieben Tagen''. * "Menschen, hört" ("Mankind, Hear")—Space-Sextet. The delegates are sent out to the distant corners of the universe. Six of them are each presented with one of the planet-globes to take along, and come out into the auditorium to sing a concluding sextet as they rotate clockwise around the audience. As they leave the hall, the Operator is alone on the stage and gradually fades from sight, still transforming short-wave sounds, until only the nocturnal firmament is left shining above.


Mittwochs-Abschied

The ''Wednesday Farewell'' is the electronic music from scene 2 which, like the electronic music for act 2 of '' Dienstag'', is projected octophonically through speakers arranged at the corners of a cube surrounding the audience. Here, however, it is played "beyond mirrored visions", in the form of video projections of the eleven space-events of ''Orchester-Finalisten'', in the foyer as the audience departs.


Press reception (staged premiere)

The premiere performances were sold out. The venue's capacity was 500 with the audience moving between the two massive halls of Argyle Works. Birmingham Opera Company fielded a 100 strong acting company of "Vick's wonderful army of talented volunteers", a trademark of the company, who performed alongside the singers and instrumentalists, and sometimes also amongst the audience, "holding the fulcrum between humour and mystery on which the whole production was so skilfully balanced". Writing in the ''
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung The ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'' (; ''FAZ''; "''Frankfurt General Newspaper''") is a centre-right conservative-liberal and liberal-conservativeHans Magnus Enzensberger: Alter Wein in neuen Schläuchen' (in German). ''Deutschland Radio'', ...
'', Jörn Florian Fuchs cited
Kathinka Pasveer Kathinka Pasveer (born 11 June 1959) is a Dutch flautist. Biography Kathinka Pasveer was born in Zaandam, The Netherlands, daughter of the conductor Jan Pasveer, who also taught at the Conservatorium van Amsterdam, Amsterdam Conservatory. She stu ...
's musical direction as a "truly brilliant realization of the score". Agreeing with this assessment of Pasveer's accomplishment, David Fallows added that "one of the important details of any live performance of Stockhausen has always been the sheer gorgeousness of the sound projection, making its impact right from the first moments of the magically lucid Wednesday Greeting". Anna Picard concluded in ''
The Independent ''The Independent'' is a British online newspaper. It was established in 1986 as a national morning printed paper. Nicknamed the ''Indy'', it began as a broadsheet and changed to tabloid format in 2003. The last printed edition was publis ...
'' that it was an "unhurried, ecstatic promenade production" and that "Stockhausen's dream was realised wittily and lovingly".
Rupert Christiansen Rupert Christiansen (born 1954) is an English writer, journalist and critic. Life and career Born in London, Christiansen is the grandson of Arthur Christiansen (former editor of the '' Daily Express'') and son of Kay and Michael Christiansen (for ...
gave the production 4 out of 5 stars in ''
The Telegraph ''The Telegraph'', ''Daily Telegraph'', ''Sunday Telegraph'' and other variant names are popular names for newspapers. Newspapers with these titles include: Australia * ''The Telegraph'' (Adelaide), a newspaper in Adelaide, South Australia, publ ...
'', but he dismissed its third scene ''Helicopter String Quartet'' which he felt was "a banal gimmick, wasting an obscene amount of money and fuel to generate only a hideous amount of pointless noise". Christiansen cited Stockhausen's "bonkers sense of humour" as "a saving grace" of the production. Nick Richardson, writing in the ''London Review of Books'', disagreed about the ''Helicopter Quartet'', describing it as "fantastic on Thursday night, particularly at take-off, the strings' vigorous tremolos locking with the throb of the rotor blades and the warm, bass hum of engine". Gisela Schwarz wrote in the ''
Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger The ''Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger'' (KStA) is a German daily newspaper published in Cologne, and has the largest circulation in the Cologne–Bonn Metropolitan Region. ''Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger'' has a base of over 100 contributing editors and a wide ...
'' that Graham Vick had ably captured Stockhausen's diverse religious views without dismissing them as merely esoteric. Stephen Pritchard's review for ''
The Observer ''The Observer'' is a British newspaper published on Sundays. It is a sister paper to ''The Guardian'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', whose parent company Guardian Media Group Limited acquired it in 1993. First published in 1791, it is the w ...
'' concluded that the production was "undoubtedly" worth the reported £920,000 expense of the production:
Mark Swed Mark Swed (born ) is an American music critic who specializes in classical music. Since 1996 he has been the chief classical music critic of the ''Los Angeles Times'' where his writings have made him a two-time finalist for the Pulitzer Pri ...
summed up his view of the production in the ''
Los Angeles Times The ''Los Angeles Times'' (abbreviated as ''LA Times'') is a daily newspaper that started publishing in Los Angeles in 1881. Based in the LA-adjacent suburb of El Segundo since 2018, it is the sixth-largest newspaper by circulation in the Un ...
'' by writing, "the event was astonishing for the soul and simply beyond belief".


Auxiliary works

In addition to the opera itself, various parts of which may be performed separately, there are four independent pieces made in different ways from versions of the ''Mittwoch'' formula: * '' Europa-Gruss'', Nr. 72, for winds (1992/1995/2002), originally conceived as the "greeting" for ''Mittwoch'' but replaced with the electronic music from ''Michaelion'' * '' Trumpetent'', Nr. 73, for four trumpets (1995) * ''Mittwoch-Formel'', Nr. 73½, for percussion trio (2004) * '' Klavierstück XVIII (Mittwoch-Formel)'', Nr. 73⅔, for synthesizer (2004)


Gallery

File:Stockhausen Welt-Parlament 24Aug2012(1).png, Debate in ''Welt-Parlament'' File:Stockhausen Welt-Parlament 24Aug2012(2).png, Dissent in ''Welt-Parlament'' File:Orchester-Finalisten-Oboe581 21Aug2015.jpg, Dan Bates (oboe) in ''Orchester-Finalisten'' File:Orchester-Finalisten Floete und Cello 588 21Aug2012.png, Karin de Fleyt (flute) and Jonathan Rees (cello) in ''Orchester-Finalisten'' File:Stockhausen Orchester-Finalisten Cello 21Aug2012.png, Cello solo (Jonathan Rees) in ''Orchester-Finalisten'' File:Orchester-Finalisten Klarinette592 21Aug2012.png, Clarinet solo (Vicky Wright) in ''Orchester-Finalisten'' File:Orchester-Finalisten-Fagott593 21Aug2012.png, Bassoon solo (Amy Harman) in ''Orchester-Finalisten'' File:Orchester-Finalisten Violine und Bratsche 644 23Aug2012.png, Violin solo (Debs White), with Bridget Carey, viola, in ''Orchester-Finalisten'' File:Orchester-Finalisten-Posaune646 23Aug2012.png, Trombone solo (Andrew Connington) in ''Orchester-Finalisten'' File:Stockhausen Orchester-Finalisten Posaune 21Aug2012.png, Trombone solo (Andrew Connington) in ''Orchester-Finalisten'' File:Orchester-Finalisten-Trompete622 21Aug2012.png, Trumpet solo (Bruce Nockles) in ''Orchester-Finalisten'' File:Orchester-Finalisten Kontrabass 21Aug2012 1.png, Contrabass solo (Jeremy Watt) in ''Orchester-Finalisten'' File:Stockhausen Helikopter-Quartett Einführung655 23Aug2012.png, Elysian Quartet members Laura Moody and Vincent Sipprell, being introduced by DJ Nihal before the ''Helicopter String Quartet'' File:Stockhausen Helikopter-Quartett Aufstieg662 23Aug2012.png, First helicopter lifts off in the ''Helicopter String Quartet'' File:Stockhausen Helikopter-Quartett 2.Violine670 23Aug2012.png, Jennymay Logan, second violin of the Elysian Quartet, ''Helicopter String Quartet'', 23 August 2012 File:Stockhausen Helikopter-Quartett Bratsche666 23Aug2012.png, Vincent Sipprell, viola of the Elysian Quartet, ''Helicopter String Quartet'', 23 August 2012 File:Michaelion Stierkampf758 24Aug2012.png, ''Michaelion'', moment 50: Lucicamel, playing the bull, wins the "bullfight" and sits on Trombonut, playing the torero File:MichaelionOperator677edit.png, The Operator (Michael Leibundgut) with short-wave radio, in ''Michaelion'' File:Michaelion Moment76 682 23Aug2012.png, Moment 76: The Operator (Michael Leibundgut), with Marco Blaauw (trumpet), Fie Schouten (basset horn), and Stephen Menotti (trombone, concealed), 23 August 2012 File:Michaelion Moment76 23Aug2012 683.png, Moment 76: The Operator (Michael Leibundgut), with Marco Blaauw (trumpet, in the shadows), Fie Schouten (basset horn), and Stephen Menotti (trombone), 23 August 2012


Discography

No integral recording of ''Mittwoch aus Licht'' has yet been released, although all of the components have now appeared. The SWR broadcast the whole opera in October 2003 using selections from the first six of the following CD releases plus the 1998
Bayerischer Rundfunk Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR; "Bavarian Broadcasting") is a public-service radio and television broadcaster, based in Munich, capital city of the Free State of Bavaria in Germany. BR is a member organization of the ARD consortium of public broadcas ...
recording of the dress rehearsal of ''Michaelion''. * ''Mittwochs-Gruß''. Antonio Pérez Abellán (synthesizer). Karlheinz Stockhausen (realisation). Stockhausen Complete Edition, CD 66. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag, 2003. * ''Welt-Parlament''. Südfunk Chor Stuttgart, Rupert Huber (cond.); Karlheinz Stockhausen (sound projection). Stockhausen Complete Edition CD 51. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag, 1996. * ''Orchester Finalisten''. Asko Ensemble, Amsterdam; Karlheinz Stockhausen (sound projection). Stockhausen Complete Edition CD 49. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag, 1997. * ''Helikopter-Streichquartett: Uraufführung 1995 + Studioproduktion 1996''. Arditti String Quartet (Irvine Arditti, Graeme Jennings orld premiereand David Alberman tudio recording of the revised score violins; Garth Knox, viola; Rohan de Saram, cello); "The Grasshoppers" (helicopter acrobatic team); Karlheinz Stockhausen, musical direction, recording supervision, sound projection, mix-down, and moderation f the world premiere Stockhausen Complete Edition, Compact Disc 53 A-B (2 CDs). Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag, 1999. Studio version also released on Montaigne Auvidis MO 782097 (CD). * ''Helikopter-Streichquartett''. Arditti String Quartet (Irvine Arditti & David Alberman, violins; Garth Knox, viola; Rohan de Saram, cello); "The Grasshoppers" (helicopter acrobatic team, recording from the third Amsterdam performance, mixed in). Arditti Quartet Edition 35. Montaigne Auvidis MO 782097 (single CD). Paris: Montaigne Auvidis, 1999. * ''Bassetsu-Trio'' and ''Mittwochs Abschied''.
Suzanne Stephens Suzanne Stephens (born July 28, 1946) is an American clarinetist, resident in Germany, described as "an outstanding performer and tireless promoter of the clarinet and basset horn". Biography Suzanne Stephens was born in Waterloo, Iowa, the dau ...
(basset horn); Marco Blaauw (trumpet); Andrew Digby (trombone). Stockhausen Complete Edition, CD 55. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag, 2000. * ''Vibra-Elufa'' for vibraphone, ''Komet'' for a percussionist and electronic and concrete music; ''Nasenflugeltanz'' from ''Samstag aus Licht'' for a percussionist and synthesizer; ''Klavierstück XVIII'' for synthesizer; ''Mittwoch Formel'' for 3 percussionists. Stockhausen Complete Edition CD 79. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag, 2005. * ''Michaels-Ruf'', ''Bassetsu'' for basset horn, ''Synthi-Fou'', ''Quitt'', ''Komet'' for a percussionist, ''Trumpetent''. Markus Stockhausen, Andreas Adam, Marco Blaauw, Achim Gorsch (trumpets),
Suzanne Stephens Suzanne Stephens (born July 28, 1946) is an American clarinetist, resident in Germany, described as "an outstanding performer and tireless promoter of the clarinet and basset horn". Biography Suzanne Stephens was born in Waterloo, Iowa, the dau ...
(clarinet and basset horn), Stuart Gerber (percussion), Antonio Pérez-Abellán (synthesizer),
Kathinka Pasveer Kathinka Pasveer (born 11 June 1959) is a Dutch flautist. Biography Kathinka Pasveer was born in Zaandam, The Netherlands, daughter of the conductor Jan Pasveer, who also taught at the Conservatorium van Amsterdam, Amsterdam Conservatory. She stu ...
(alto flute) Stockhausen Complete Edition CD 82. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag, 2007. *''Tara Bouman, Klarinette, Bassetthorn: Contemporary''. Includes ''Klarinette aus Orchesterfinalisten'' from ''Mittwoch aus Licht''. (CD) DeutschlandRadio Aktivraum AR 50101. Cologne: Aktivraum Musik, 2003. *''Michaelion''. Michael Leibundgut (bass); Chloé l'Abbé (flute); Fie Schouten (basset horn); Marco Blaauw (trumpet); Stephen Menotti (trombone); Antonio Pérez Abellán (synthesizer); London Voices (Terry Edwards and Ben Parry, co-directors; Nigel Short, Matthew Morley, and Gregory Rose, chorus masters);
Kathinka Pasveer Kathinka Pasveer (born 11 June 1959) is a Dutch flautist. Biography Kathinka Pasveer was born in Zaandam, The Netherlands, daughter of the conductor Jan Pasveer, who also taught at the Conservatorium van Amsterdam, Amsterdam Conservatory. She stu ...
(sound projection). Recorded 13–15 August 2012, at the Argyle Works, Birmingham, UK. Stockhausen Complete Edition CD 54. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag, 2013. *''Kamel-Tanz''. Michael Leibundgut (bass), Stephen Menotti (trombone), tape prepared by Antonio Pérez Abellán, recorded 25 July 2013 at Sound Studio N, Cologne; ''Rotary'' Wind Quintet. Quintette Aquilon (Marion Ralincourt, flute; Claire Sirjacobs, oboe; Stéphanie Corre, clarinet; Marianne Tilquin, horn; Gaêlle Habert, bassoon), recorded12 August 2014 at Sound Studio N, Cologne. With ''In Freundschaft'' for oboe; ''Linker Augentanz''; ''Taurus''; ''Taurus-Quintett''. CD recording, 1 disc: digital, 12 cm, stereo. Stockhausen Complete Edition CD 105. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag, 2015.


Filmography

* ''Helicopter String Quartet'', a film by Frank Scheffer. ''Close-up: documentaireserie waarin Frank Scheffer zijn visie geeft op diverse 20e-eeuwse componisten''. .l. AVRO. Televisie-opname, 1995. **German DVD release (German and English, DVD) ''Helicopter String Quartet''. Frank Scheffer; Karlheinz Stockhausen. Kürten, Germany: Stockhausen-Verlag, 2006. **London ''Helicopter String Quartet''. Frank Scheffer; ; Karlheinz Stockhausen 2008, 1995. German Visual Material: Videorecording: DVD video 1 videodisc (77 min.) : sd., col. ; 4 3/4 in. **French DVD release. ''Helicopter String Quartet''. Karlheinz Stockhausen; Frank Scheffer. 2008, 1995. Videorecording: DVD video 1 DVD-Video (113 Min. rror: 77 mins., like the others + 1 Begleitblatt.
aris Aris or ARIS may refer to: People * Aris (surname) Given name * Aris Alexandrou, Greek writer * Aris Brimanis, ice hockey player * Aris Christofellis, Greek male soprano * Aris Gavelas, Greek sprinter * Aris Howard, Former President of the Jama ...
Idéale Audience International. *
Stockhausen: Helikopter Streichquartett
'. Sound Director:
André Richard André Richard (born 18 April 1944) is a Swiss composer and conductor. Life Born in Bern, Richard studied singing, music theory and music composition first at the Conservatoire de musique de Genève and later at the Hochschule für Musik Frei ...
. a co-production with Red Bull & Salzburg Festival. Bernhard Fleischer Moving Images, 2003. (Archive from 8 September 2012, accessed 23 July 2018.) * Stockhausen, ''Michaelion'', scene 4 from ''Mittwoch aus Licht''. Colour film by
Suzanne Stephens Suzanne Stephens (born July 28, 1946) is an American clarinetist, resident in Germany, described as "an outstanding performer and tireless promoter of the clarinet and basset horn". Biography Suzanne Stephens was born in Waterloo, Iowa, the dau ...
. 59 minutes. (Archive No. 109 / 1). Live recording of the world première on July 26, 1998 in Munich at the Prinzregenten Theatre with the Choir of the South German Radio (conductor: Rupert Huber), Michael Vetter (short-wave singer),
Kathinka Pasveer Kathinka Pasveer (born 11 June 1959) is a Dutch flautist. Biography Kathinka Pasveer was born in Zaandam, The Netherlands, daughter of the conductor Jan Pasveer, who also taught at the Conservatorium van Amsterdam, Amsterdam Conservatory. She stu ...
(flute), Suzanne Stephens (basset-horn),
Marco Blaauw Marco Blaauw is a Dutch trumpet soloist known for his work in the field of new music and with Cologne-based contemporary music group Ensemble Musikfabrik. He plays a double bell trumpet, an invention that has allowed for numerous new compositions ...
(trumpet), and Andrew Digby (trombone). Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag, 1998.


References


Cited sources

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


Further reading

* Ball, Timothy. 2012.
Stockhausen:_''MITTWOCH_aus_LICHT''_[Birmingham_Opera_Company;_Graham_Vick
/nowiki>.html" ;"title="irmingham Opera Company; Graham Vick">Stockhausen: ''MITTWOCH aus LICHT'' [Birmingham Opera Company; Graham Vick
/nowiki>">irmingham Opera Company; Graham Vick">Stockhausen: ''MITTWOCH aus LICHT'' [Birmingham Opera Company; Graham Vick
/nowiki>. Classicalsource.com (accessed 1 September 2012). * Berntsen, Frederike. 2010. "Spel van grote klasse: Stockhausen en Kagel naast elkaar". ''
De Telegraaf ''De Telegraaf'' (; en, The Telegraph) is the largest Dutch daily morning newspaper. Haro Kraak,Gaat Paul Jansen de crisis bij De Telegraaf oplossen?, '' de Volkskrant'', 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015. Paul Jansen has been the editor-in-chief s ...
'' (12 February): 13. * Berry, Mark. 2012.
Stockhausen's ''Mittwoch'', Birmingham
. ''Opera Today'' (5 October) (accessed 20 October 2012). * Boehmer, Konrad. 1998. "Ab in die Wolken mit Knattern ..." ''
Neue Zeitschrift für Musik 'Die'' (; en, " heNew Journal of Music") is a music magazine, co-founded in Leipzig by Robert Schumann, his teacher and future father-in law Friedrich Wieck, and his close friend Ludwig Schuncke. Its first issue appeared on 3 April 1834. His ...
'' 159, no. 4 (July–August): 43–47. * Boelen-Theile, Claus. 2012.
Kürten grüßt Birmingham
. ''
Kölnische Rundschau The ''Kölnische Rundschau'' is a regional, independent daily newspaper for the Cologne/Bonn area. It is edited by Cologne Heinen-Verlag, which has its own independent local editorial office. The production of the national section was taken over ...
''/''Bergische Landeszeitung'' (16 August), Rundschau-online (accessed 1 September 2012). * Brotbeck, Roman. 2012. "Ein Anfang! Zur szenischen Uraufführung von Stockhausens ''Mittwoch aus Licht''". ''Dissonance: Schweizer Musikzeitschrift für Forschung und Kreation'', no. 120 (December): 19–24. * Cabral, Ismael G. 2012.
Karlheinz Stockhausen, ''MITTWOCH aus LICHT''. Estreno: Birmingham Opera Company (22-08-2012)
. ''Chorro de luz: Músicas avanzadas'' (25 August) (archive from 4 March 2016, accessed 23 July 2018). * Chadburn, Leo. 2012.
The Unstageable Staged: Stockhausen's ''Mittwoch aus Licht'' Reviewed
. ''
The Quietus ''The Quietus'' is a British online music and pop culture magazine founded by John Doran and Luke Turner. The site is an editorially independent publication led by Doran with a group of freelance journalists and critics. Content ''The Quiet ...
'' (31 August) (accessed 5 September 2012). * Clements, Andrew. 1995. "Super Soaraway Stockhausen". ''
The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Gu ...
'' (29 June). * Dirmeikis, Paul. 1999. ''Le Souffle du temps: Quodlibet pour Karlheinz Stockhausen''. a Seyne-sur-Mer Éditions Telo Martius. . * Drew, Joseph. 2014. "Michael From Light: A Character Study of Karlheinz Stockhausen's Hero". Ph.D. diss. New York: New York University. * Fairman, Richard. 2012.
Cue the Helicopter Quartet: Birmingham Opera Company Takes on Karlheinz Stockhausen's ''Mittwoch aus Licht''
. ''
Financial Times The ''Financial Times'' (''FT'') is a British daily newspaper printed in broadsheet and published digitally that focuses on business and economic current affairs. Based in London, England, the paper is owned by a Japanese holding company, Nik ...
'' (25 August). (Archive from 31 August 2012, accessed 23 July 2018.) * Frei, Marco. 2012.
Karlheinz Stockhausen: Der Tag der Lüfte
. '' Neue Zürcher Zeitung'' (24 August) (Accessed 1 September 2012). * Frisius, Rudolf. 2013. ''Karlheinz Stockhausen III: Die Werkzyklen 1977–2007''. Mainz, London, Berlin, Madrid, New York, Paris, Prague, Tokyo, Toronto: Schott Music. . * Griffiths, Paul. 1995. "Stockhausen Has Lift-Off". ''
The Times ''The Times'' is a British daily national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title ''The Daily Universal Register'', adopting its current name on 1 January 1788. ''The Times'' and its sister paper ''The Sunday Times'' (fou ...
'' (July 5). * Griffiths, Paul. 1996. "Stockhausen Rises and Falls on a Point of Order". ''The Times'' (7 February). * Grohmann, Katerina. 2010. ''Karlheinz Stockhausen: Oper MITTWOCH aus LICHT''. Kölner Beiträge zur Musikwissenschaft 12, edited by
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,
Wolfram Steinbeck Wolfram Steinbeck (born 5 October 1945) is a German musicologist. Life Steinbeck was born in Hagen. He studied musicology, philosophy and modern German literature at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn and the Albert-Ludwigs-Uni ...
. Kassel: Bosse Verlag. . * Gutknecht, Dieter. 1994. "Stockhausen: Helikopter-Streichquartett. Premiere Performance, 28 July, Salzburg, Mozarteum". ''Österreichische Musikzeitschrift'' 49, nos. 7–8 (July–August): 466–467. * Hall, George. 2012.
''Mittwoch''
. ''The Stage'' (23 August) (archive from 20 December 2014, accessed 23 July 2018). * Hazendonk, Roeland. 2007. "Nostalgisch Stockhausen retrospectief". ''
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'' (12 January): 17. * Herbort, Heinz Josef. 1995. "Musik aus anderen Räumen". ''
Die Zeit ''Die Zeit'' (, "The Time") is a German national weekly newspaper published in Hamburg in Germany. The newspaper is generally considered to be among the German newspapers of record and is known for its long and extensive articles. History The ...
'', no. 28 (7 July). * Herbort, Heinz Josef. 1996. "Liebe im Unterhaus". ''Die Zeit'', no. 7 (9 February). * Koch, Gerhard R. 1998. "Schampus braucht das Trampeltier Stockhausen weiß-blau: Die Uraufführung von ''Michaelion'' im Münchener Prinzregententheater". ''
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung The ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'' (; ''FAZ''; "''Frankfurt General Newspaper''") is a centre-right conservative-liberal and liberal-conservativeHans Magnus Enzensberger: Alter Wein in neuen Schläuchen' (in German). ''Deutschland Radio'', ...
'' (28 July). * Kohl, Jerome. 1990. "Into the Middleground: Formula Syntax in Stockhausen's ''Licht''". '' Perspectives of New Music'' 28, no. 2 (Summer): 262–291. * Kohl, Jerome. 2004. "Der Aspekt der Harmonik in ''Licht''." In ''Internationales Stockhausen-Symposion 2000: LICHT. Musikwissenschaftliches Institut der Universität zu Köln, 19. bis 22. Oktober 2000. Tagungsbericht'', edited by Imke Misch and
Christoph von Blumröder Christoph von Blumröder (born 18 July 1951) is a German musicologist. Career Born in Northeim, Blumröder studied musicology at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg in Breisgau with Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht, philosophy and history of the . ...
, 116–132. Münster, Berlin, London: LIT-Verlag. . * Kohl, Jerome. 2012. "A Gedenkschrift for Karlheinz Stockhausen: Guest Editor's Introduction". '' Perspectives of New Music'' 50, nos. 1 & 2 (Winter–Summer): 306–312. * Kovács, Adorján F. 2012. "Das Publikum als Teil der Inszenierung: ''Mittwoch'' aus ''Licht'' von Karlheinz Stockhausen". ''MusikTexte'', no. 135:85–86. * Maconie, Robin. 2005. ''Other Planets: The Music of Karlheinz Stockhausen''. Lanham, Maryland, Toronto, Oxford: The Scarecrow Press. . * Maconie, Robin. 2013. "Divine Comedy: Stockhausen's ''Mittwoch'' in Birmingham". ''
Tempo In musical terminology, tempo (Italian, 'time'; plural ''tempos'', or ''tempi'' from the Italian plural) is the speed or pace of a given piece. In classical music, tempo is typically indicated with an instruction at the start of a piece (often ...
'' 67, no. 263 (January): 2–18. * Maconie, Robin. 2016. ''Other Planets: The Complete Works of Karlheinz Stockhausen 1950–2007'', updated edition. Lanham, Maryland, and London: Rowman & Littlefield. . * McCormick, Neil. 2012.
Stockhausen's ''Mittwoch aus Licht'': Opera with Real Altitude
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The Telegraph ''The Telegraph'', ''Daily Telegraph'', ''Sunday Telegraph'' and other variant names are popular names for newspapers. Newspapers with these titles include: Australia * ''The Telegraph'' (Adelaide), a newspaper in Adelaide, South Australia, publ ...
'' (21 August) (accessed 14 September 2012). * Minguet, Vicent. 2012.
''Mittwoch aus Licht'', Karlheinz Stockhausen: Intèrprets: Birmingham Opera Company Orchestra, London Voices, Ex Cathedra, Elysian Quartet; Direcció escènica: Graham Vick, Direcció Musical: Kathinka Pasveer
: Birmingham Opera Company, 22 d'agost]". ''Sonograma Magazine'' (31 August) (Accessed 2 September 2012). * Oehlschlägel, Reinhard. 1998. "In lichten Höhen: Das Helikopter-Streichquartett von Karlheinz Stockhausen". ''Positionen: Beiträge zur Neuen Musik'', no. 34 (February): 42–43. * Parsons, Ian Lawrence. 2019. "The Phenomenology of ''Light'': an Interpretation of Stockhausen's Opera Cycle Drawing on Heidegger's Fourfold and Lacanian Psychoanalysis". Ph.D. diss. Melbourne: Monash University. * Petridis, Alexis. 2012.
The Last Unperformed Stockhausen Opera Lifts Off
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The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Gu ...
'' (8 August) (accessed 14 September 2012). * Quantrill, Peter. 2012.
Helicopters and Camels: Stockhausen ''Mittwoch aus Licht'' Gets Staged Premiere 15 Years On: Birmingham Opera Company Gives Embracing and Euphoric Performance
. '' Gramophone'' (28 August). * Ross, Alex. 2012
"Opera in the Clouds: Avant-Garde Spectacles by Stockhausen and Cage"
''
The New Yorker ''The New Yorker'' is an American weekly magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry. Founded as a weekly in 1925, the magazine is published 47 times annually, with five of these issues ...
'' (10 September): 104–105. * Rubens, Taurus. 2004. "Theater für Flugzeuge". ''Kultura-Extra: Das Online Magazin'' (October). * Sannikova, Natal'â Vladimirovna. 2008. "Model' opernogo spektaklâ K. Štokhauzena: Voprosy realizacii v opere Sreda iz cikla Svet" he Operatic Model of Karlheinz Stockhausen: Issues of Realization in the Opera Mittwoch from the Cycle Licht ''Muzykovedenie'', no. 3:40–45. * Schlüren, Christoph. 1998.
Space-Brimborium neontöniger Erleuchtung: Stockhausens Michaelion in der Musica viva uraufgeführt
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Frankfurter Rundschau The ''Frankfurter Rundschau'' (FR) is a German daily newspaper, based in Frankfurt am Main. It is published every day but Sunday as a city, two regional and one nationwide issues and offers an online edition (see link below) as well as an e-pa ...
'' (Archive from 20 December 2014, accessed 23 July 2018). * Schwarz, Gisela. 2012a.
Mal ernst, mal verspielt
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Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger The ''Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger'' (KStA) is a German daily newspaper published in Cologne, and has the largest circulation in the Cologne–Bonn Metropolitan Region. ''Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger'' has a base of over 100 contributing editors and a wide ...
'' (24 August) (accessed 1 September 2012). * Shimizu, Minoru. 2004. "Potentiale multimedialer Aufführung und 'szenische Musik'—einige Bemerkungen zum ''Helikopter-Streichquartett''." In ''Internationales Stockhausen-Symposion 2000: LICHT. Musikwissenschaftliches Institut der Universität zu Köln, 19. bis 22. Oktober 2000. Tagungsbericht'', edited by Imke Misch and
Christoph von Blumröder Christoph von Blumröder (born 18 July 1951) is a German musicologist. Career Born in Northeim, Blumröder studied musicology at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg in Breisgau with Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht, philosophy and history of the . ...
, 61–73. Münster, Berlin, London: LIT-Verlag. * Simons, Marlise. 1995. "A Helicopter Quartet. What Else?". ''
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'' (31 July). * Spahn, Claus. 2007. "Abheben in Braunschweig". ''
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'', no. 26 (21 June): 50. * Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1989a. ''Texte zur Musik'', vol. 5, edited by
Christoph von Blumröder Christoph von Blumröder (born 18 July 1951) is a German musicologist. Career Born in Northeim, Blumröder studied musicology at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg in Breisgau with Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht, philosophy and history of the . ...
. DuMont Dokumente. Cologne: DuMont Buchverlag. . * Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1996b. "Helikopter-Streichquartett". '' Grand Street'' 14, no. 4 (Spring, "Grand Street 56: Dreams"): 213–225. . Online variant version
999 999 or triple nine most often refers to: * 999 (emergency telephone number), a telephone number for the emergency services in several countries * 999 (number), an integer * AD 999, a year * 999 BC, a year Books * ''999'' (anthology) or ''999: T ...
as
Introduction: HELICOPTER STRING QUARTET (1992/93)
(some omissions, some supplements, different illustrations). * Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1996c. ''Trumpetent/Trompetent: für 4 Trompeter'', Werk Nr. 73. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag. * Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1999a. ''Helikopter-Streichquartett'', booklet for the Stockhausen Complete Edition CD 53. * Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1999b. ''Orchester-Finalisten (vom Mittwoch aus Licht)''. Werk Nr. 68. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag. * Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 2000. ''Helikopter-Streichquartett: für Streichquartett, 4 Helikopter mit Piloten und 4 Tontechnikern, 4 Fernseh-Sender, 4 x 3 Ton-Sender, Auditorium mit 4 Fernseh Säulen und 4 Lautsprecher-Säulen, Klangregisseur mit Mischpult, Moderator (ad lib.): 3. Szene vom Mittwoch aus Licht'' (1992/1993), Werk Nr. 69. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag. * Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 2003. ''Mittwochs-Gruss: elektronische Musik vom Mittwoch aus Licht: Aufführung mit 4-Spur-Tonband'' (1998) Werk Nr. 65. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag. * Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 2004. "''Helikopter-Streichquartett'': Eine 8-Spur-Tonbandaufführung mit Erläuterungen." In ''Internationales Stockhausen-Symposion 2000: LICHT. Musikwissenschaftliches Institut der Universität zu Köln, 19. bis 22. Oktober 2000. Tagungsbericht'', edited by Imke Misch and
Christoph von Blumröder Christoph von Blumröder (born 18 July 1951) is a German musicologist. Career Born in Northeim, Blumröder studied musicology at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg in Breisgau with Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht, philosophy and history of the . ...
, 89–114. Münster, Berlin, London: LIT-Verlag. * Stockhausen, Karlheinz, and Reinhard Ermen. 2012. "Karlheinz Stockhausen im Gespräch mit Reinhard Ermen über MITTWOCH aus LICHT" / "Karlheinz Stockhausen Talks with Reinhard Ermen about WEDNESDAY from LIGHT". In Karlheinz Stockhausen, ''Mittwoch aus Licht: Uraufführung'' (programme book), 57–65, 103–111. Kürten: Stockhausen-Stiftung für Musik. * Thiemann, Albrecht. 2012. "Luftgeister mit Luzikamel: Olympia seis Dank: ''Mittwoch aus Licht'' und ein Stockhausen-Symposium in Birmingham". ''
Opernwelt ''Opernwelt'' (''Opera World'') is a monthly German magazine for opera, operetta and ballet. It includes news about current performances, portraits of composers and performers, articles about opera houses, performance spaces, and contemporary and ...
'' (November): 55–58. *
Toop, Richard Richard Toop (1945 – 19 June 2017) was a British-Australian musicologist. Toop was born in Chichester, England, in 1945. He studied at Hull University, where his teachers included Denis Arnold. In 1973 he became Karlheinz Stockhausen's teac ...
. 2005. ''Six Lectures from the Stockhausen Courses Kürten 2002''. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag. . * Toop, Richard. 2008. "''Mittwoch aus Licht'' ('Wednesday from Light')". Grove Music Online: ''
The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ''The New Grove Dictionary of Opera'' is an encyclopedia of opera, considered to be one of the best general reference sources on the subject. It is the largest work on opera in English, and in its printed form, amounts to 5,448 pages in four volu ...
'' (22 October) (Subscription access) (accessed 17 April 2013). * Toronyi-Lalic, Igor. 2012.
''Mittwoch aus Licht'', Birmingham Opera Company
. ''The Arts Desk'' (23 August). * Ulrich, Thomas. 2004. "Moral und Übermoral in Stockhausens ''Licht''".In ''Internationales Stockhausen-Symposion 2000: LICHT. Musikwissenschaftliches Institut der Universität zu Köln, 19. bis 22. Oktober 2000. Tagungsbericht'', edited by Imke Misch and
Christoph von Blumröder Christoph von Blumröder (born 18 July 1951) is a German musicologist. Career Born in Northeim, Blumröder studied musicology at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg in Breisgau with Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht, philosophy and history of the . ...
, 74–88. Münster: Lit-Verlag. . * Ulrich, Thomas. 2008. "Anmerkungen zu Luzifer". In ''Gedenkschrift für Stockhausen'', edited by
Suzanne Stephens Suzanne Stephens (born July 28, 1946) is an American clarinetist, resident in Germany, described as "an outstanding performer and tireless promoter of the clarinet and basset horn". Biography Suzanne Stephens was born in Waterloo, Iowa, the dau ...
and
Kathinka Pasveer Kathinka Pasveer (born 11 June 1959) is a Dutch flautist. Biography Kathinka Pasveer was born in Zaandam, The Netherlands, daughter of the conductor Jan Pasveer, who also taught at the Conservatorium van Amsterdam, Amsterdam Conservatory. She stu ...
, 202–211. Kürten: Stockhausen-Stiftung für Musik. . * Ulrich, Thomas. 2012a. "Lucifer and Morality in Stockhausen's Opera Cycle ''Licht''", translated by
Jerome Kohl Jerome Joseph Kohl (November 27, 1946 – August 4, 2020) was an American musicologist, academic journal editor, and recorder teacher. A music theorist at the University of Washington, he became recognized internationally as an authority on the ...
from Ulrich 2004 and 2008. '' Perspectives of New Music'' 50, nos. 1 & 2 (Winter–Summer): 313–341. * Ulrich, Thomas. 2012b. ''Stockhausen: A Theological Interpretation'', translated by Jayne Obst. Kürten: Stockhausen-Stiftung für Musik. . * Ulrich, Thomas. 2017. ''Stockhausens Zyklus LICHT: Ein Opernführer''. Cologne, Weimar, and Vienna: Böhlau Verlag. . * Voermans, Erik. 1996. "Stockhausen is blij met Asko Ensemble". ''
Het Parool ''Het Parool'' () is an Amsterdam-based daily newspaper. It was first published on 10 February 1941 as a resistance paper during the German occupation of the Netherlands (1940–1945). In English, its name means ''The Password'' or ''The Motto' ...
'' (13 June).


External links

* * *Geyer, Elke. 2009.
Stockhausens Helikopter-Streichquartett: Ein aufwendiges Werk für vier Hubschrauber, Musiker und Techniker
(record review). Suite101.de: Das Netzwerk der Autoren (3 October). (Archive from 6 May 2013, accessed 23 July 2018.) {{DEFAULTSORT:Mittwoch Aus Licht Operas by Karlheinz Stockhausen 20th-century classical music Operas 1997 operas 2012 operas Multiple-language operas Electronic compositions Music dedicated to causes or groups Serial compositions Spatial music Science fiction operas Operas set in fictional, mythological and folkloric settings