Mödling () is the capital of the

Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...

district A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municip ...

of the same name located approximately 15 km south of

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

. Mödling lies in

Lower Austria Lower Austria ( , , abbreviated LA or NÖ) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Major cities are Amstetten, Lower Austria, Amstetten, Krems an der Donau, Wiener Neustadt and Sankt Pölten, which ...

's industrial zone ( Industrieviertel). The Mödlingbach, a brook which rises in the

Vienna Woods The Vienna Woods (, ) are forested highlands that form the northeastern foothills of the Northern Limestone Alps in the states of Lower Austria and Vienna. The and range of hills is heavily wooded and a popular recreation area with the Viennese ...

, flows through the town. Near Achau it joins with the

Schwechat Schwechat () is a city southeast of Vienna known for the Vienna International Airport and Schwechater beer. The city is home to the Oil refinery, refineries of the Austrian national oil company OMV. Geography Schwechat is named after the river S ...

. Woodland occupies a large part of the municipality, part of the Föhrenberge ('Pine Mountains'). Located immediately south of Vienna, and within the boundaries of the district of Mödling, is one of the largest shopping centres in Europe: Shopping City Süd (SCS).

Geography

Grapes are grown on the slopes of the Wienerwald; the area is called ''Thermenregion'', where one can find much '' Heurigen'' (the most recent year's wine). Wiener Neudorf to the east, and

Maria Enzersdorf Maria Enzersdorf (Central Bavarian: ''Maria Enzasduaf'') is a small city in the district of Mödling (district), Mödling in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. There are several castles and ruins in the forests surrounding Maria Enzersdorf, in ...

to the north, merge directly into Mödling. South of Mödling is

Gumpoldskirchen Gumpoldskirchen ( Central Bavarian: ''Gumpoidskiachn'') is a town in the district of Mödling in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. Gumpoldskirchen borders on the municipalities Mödling, Guntramsdorf, Gaaden, Pfaffstätten and Traiskirchen. ...

, separated by the Eichkogel with its very special flora. In the west, a narrow street runs through Vorderbrühl, formally a village in its own rights, and leads to

Hinterbrühl Hinterbrühl () is a town in the district of Mödling in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. It is home to the Seegrotte, a system of caves including Europe's largest underground lake. During World War II, a satellite camp of Mauthausen concentr ...

. This narrow valley is called Klausen, above it the remains of the Mödling castle, once belonging to the

Babenberger The House of Babenberg was a noble dynasty of Austrian Dukes and Margraves. Descending from the Popponids and originally from Bamberg in the Duchy of Franconia (present-day Bavaria), the Babenbergs ruled the imperial Margraviate of Austria from ...

, the then-ruling family. On the other side of the Klausen is the Kalenderberg, with the castle of Liechtenstein on its far side. The beginning of the Klausen is marked by the large red-brick aqueduct of the ''Erste Wiener Hochquellenwasserleitung''. The steep, rocky valley sides of the '' Naturpark Föhrenberge'' grow the typical ''Wienerwald-Schwarzföhren'' (the ''austriaca''

form Form is the shape, visual appearance, or configuration of an object. In a wider sense, the form is the way something happens. Form may also refer to: *Form (document), a document (printed or electronic) with spaces in which to write or enter dat ...

of the

European Black Pine ''Pinus nigra'', the Austrian pine or black pine, is a moderately variable species of pine, occurring across Southern Europe from the Iberian Peninsula and Lower Austria to the eastern Mediterranean, on the Anatolian peninsula of Turkey, Corsica ...

, ''Pinus nigra'').

History

The settlement dates back to the

Neolithic The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Ancient Greek, Greek 'new' and 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Mesopotamia, Asia, Europe and Africa (c. 10,000 BCE to c. 2,000 BCE). It saw the Neolithic Revo ...

era. Through the centuries, the name of the town evolved from ''Medilihha'' to ''Medelikch'', ''Medling'' and, finally, Mödling. These names trace back to old Slavic meaning 'slowly running water'. Today there is a quaint old town with a pedestrian area. The town was the residence of a branch of the

Babenberg The House of Babenberg was a noble dynasty of Austrian Dukes and Margraves. Descending from the Popponids and originally from Bamberg in the Duchy of Franconia (present-day Bavaria), the Babenbergs ruled the imperial Margraviate of Austria fr ...

family, as a result of which it received the nickname ''Babenbergerstadt'' ('Town of the Babenbergs'). Traces of the first settlements of the

Hallstatt culture The Hallstatt culture was the predominant Western Europe, Western and Central European archaeological culture of the Late Bronze Age Europe, Bronze Age (Hallstatt A, Hallstatt B) from the 12th to 8th centuries BC and Early Iron Age Europe (Hallst ...

from the Neolithic era were found on the Kalenderberg. Roman coins and a Roman burial site have been found near today's railway station. After

Charlemagne Charlemagne ( ; 2 April 748 – 28 January 814) was List of Frankish kings, King of the Franks from 768, List of kings of the Lombards, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor of what is now known as the Carolingian ...

's victory in 803 AD against the Avars, the area around Mödling was settled by settlers from Bavaria. About 500 Avar graves were found in the area of the "Goldene Stiege" (very close to today's old city). The first ancient document mentioning "MEDILIHHA ULTRA MONTEM COMMIGENIUM" is dated 8 September 903, when two bishops (of the then Roman Catholic church) exchanged lands. However, in 907 the settlement seems to have been destroyed again. After the

Battle of Lechfeld The Battle of Lechfeld also known as the Second Battle of Lechfeld was a series of military engagements over the course of three days from 10–12 August 955 in which the Kingdom of Germany, led by King Otto I the Great, annihilated the Hungaria ...

settlement in the area of today's Mödling started again. After this, for some time Mödling housed a relative of the then ruling House of Babenberg. In 1177, Henry the Elder, son of Henry II Jasomirgott, became landlord in an area reaching from

Liesing Liesing () is the 23rd district of Vienna. It is on the southwest edge of Vienna, Austria. It was formed after Austria's ''Anschluss'' with Germany, when Vienna expanded from 21 districts to 26. Fifteen Lower Austrian districts, especially the o ...

to Piesting and

Bruck an der Leitha Bruck an der Leitha (; "Bridge on the Leitha") is a town in the Austrian state of Lower Austria on the border of Burgenland, marked by the Leitha river. In 2018 it had a population of around 8,000. History In and around Bruck parts of Neolithi ...

. You can read this in old documents kept in the nearby monastery of Heiligenkreuz. In Henry's days arts and culture dominated in the castle of Mödling; the famous minnesinger

Walther von der Vogelweide Walther von der Vogelweide (; ) was a Minnesänger who composed and performed love-songs and political songs ('' Sprüche'') in Middle High German. Walther has been described as the greatest German lyrical poet before Goethe; his hundred or s ...

stayed there more than once. The Spitalkirche and today's St. Othmar were built in the 15th century, the Karner (

charnel house A charnel house is a vault or building where human skeletal remains are stored. They are often built near churches for depositing bones that are unearthed while digging graves. The term can also be used more generally as a description of a plac ...

) in the 12th. Even in these times, Mödling grew grapes; after Langenlois, it was the largest grape-growing community in Lower Austria. In 1343, Duke Albrecht II granted the rights of a

market town A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village or city. In Britain, small rura ...

to Mödling. In 1529, the

Ottomans Ottoman may refer to: * Osman I, historically known in English as "Ottoman I", founder of the Ottoman Empire * Osman II, historically known in English as "Ottoman II" * Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empir ...

devastated Mödling for the first time during their first siege of Vienna. In 1679, many citizens died of the

Black Death The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the list of epidemics, most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as people perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. ...

. When the Ottomans came again in 1683, almost all the citizens of Mödling were killed. The second epidemic of the Black Death only brought death to 22 inhabitants, hence the survivors built the monument of the Holy Trinity (Dreifaltigkeits- or Pestsäule) at the Freiheitsplatz. In the early 19th century,

Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. He is one of the most revered figures in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire ...

often visited his favorite pub, the Three Ravens, in Mödling.

Arnold Schoenberg Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg (13 September 187413 July 1951) was an Austrian and American composer, music theorist, teacher and writer. He was among the first Modernism (music), modernists who transformed the practice of harmony in 20th-centu ...

lived in Mödling between 1918 and 1925, and invented his

twelve-tone technique The twelve-tone technique—also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and (in British usage) twelve-note composition—is a method of musical composition. The technique is a means of ensuring that all 12 notes of the chromatic scale ...

of composition there. On 18 November 1875, Mödling was designated a city. From 1883 to 1932, Mödling was the starting point of the Mödling and Hinterbrühl Tram, Austria's first electric railway and world's first long-lasting tram with overhead lines. In 1938, after the ''

Anschluss The (, or , ), also known as the (, ), was the annexation of the Federal State of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938. The idea of an (a united Austria and Germany that would form a "German Question, Greater Germany") arose after t ...

'' with

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...

, Mödling was incorporated into the newly formed 24th District of Vienna. In 1954, it became once again a part of

. On May 30, 2023, 3 people were killed by fire at the local hospital.

Population

Politics

:¹ 2020 as NEOS, formerly LIF :² Wir für Mödling – Eva Maier :³ Bürgerliste Michael Kanyka :⁴ Wir für Mödling, formerly Liste Pepi Wagner :⁵ Mödling 2000 :⁶ The size of regional council is 41. :⁷ The size of city government could vary between 9 and 14.

Traffic

Mödling functions as a traffic hub for its direct vicinity. Bus lines connect the town and Südbahn with the surrounding areas. The Südbahn connects Mödling to Vienna, but also to other local centers like

Wiener Neustadt Wiener Neustadt (; Lower_Austria.html" ;"title=".e. Lower Austria">.e. Lower Austria , ) is a city located south of Vienna, in the state of Lower Austria, in northeast Austria. It is a self-governed city and the seat of the district administr ...

by commuter trains. Many bus lines end/start at Mödling's railway station: Most of them lead to Vienna (with different ways) (207, 259, 260, 265, 266, 269, 270...) but also other villages in the district are destinations: Gießhübel (262),

, Gaaden... (364, 365), Guntramsdorf (363) and many more. The closest airport is

Vienna International Airport Vienna Airport is an international airport serving Vienna, the capital of Austria. It is located in Schwechat, southeast of central Vienna and west of Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. Its official name according to the Austrian Aeronaut ...

. The town lies close to several major motorways (A2, A23, S1). Until the 1960s, the town was connected to the tram system of Vienna though the line 360 was discontinued after the commuter train system was introduced on the Südbahn. Historically, Mödling was the site of Austria's first electrified tram line, which had mainly touristic use.

Economy

In the old days, because of the rail-connection to the north/Vienna and to the south, several large industries had their plants here. Today most of the firms are SMEs. The larger ones have moved to Wiener Neudorf into the 'Industriezentrum Niederösterreich Süd'.

Castles

The Mödling area in the Vienna Forest contains many old castles () and ruins. Castle Liechtenstein is the most famous and biggest castle. It was owned by the wealthy family who later founded the country of the same name. Opposite the castle is

Schloss Liechtenstein (Maria Enzersdorf) The Liechtenstein Palace () is a neoclassical palace near Maria Enzersdorf (and Mödling) in Lower Austria, bordering Vienna. It is on the edge of the ''Vienna Woods'' (). It stands opposite south of Liechtenstein Castle, the ancestral seat ...

, a former summer residence of the princely

Liechtenstein Liechtenstein (, ; ; ), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein ( ), is a Landlocked country#Doubly landlocked, doubly landlocked Swiss Standard German, German-speaking microstate in the Central European Alps, between Austria in the east ...

family. Burgruine Mödling also stands nearby and is one of the oldest ruins in the area. It dates back to the 11th century. In addition, Black Tower (Schwarzer Turm) looks out over downtown Mödling from the Calendar mountains. It was built over 200 years ago, but is still privately occupied to this day. Lastly, on the walk between Black Tower and Castle Liechtenstein, one will come across a 200-year-old amphitheatre nearly buried in the woods. It was built in the same time frame as the Black Tower and served as an important cultural centre for the local Mödling population.

Culture and sights

The well-preserved and revitalized Old City is protected by the Hague Convention. The town hall holds the registry office. Because of its lovely environment many couples choose to marry here. Schrannenplatz and Kaiserin-Elisabeth-Strasse were pedestrianised at the very early date of 1976, the first time a 'Bundesstraße' had been declared a pedestrian area. Nearby is the Eichkogel Nature Reserve, with rare flora, like 'Knollen-Brandkraut' (''

Phlomoides tuberosa ''Phlomoides tuberosa'' (synonym (taxonomy), syn. ''Phlomis tuberosa''), the sage-leaf mullein, is a perennial plant, perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, south w ...

'') and others, on 'Halbtrockenrasen'. Among the rocks in the Klausen rare plants grow, like the 'Mödlinger Federnelke' ('' Dianthus plumarius'' subsp. ''neilreichii''), which was discovered as late as the middle of the 19th century by the botanist August Neilreich, or the 'Deutsche Alant' ('' Inula germanica'').

Buildings

* St. Othmar church and charnel * Spitalkirche * Ruins of the Mödling castle * Husarentempel on the top of the 'Kleine Anninger' * Schwarzer Turm * Amphitheater

Museums

* Museum Mödling at Thonetschlössl * Volkskundemuseum * Stadtverkehrsmuseum * Essinger-Haus (where a famous painter used to live) * Beethoven-Gedenkstätte * Schönberg-Haus

Theatres

* Stadttheater * Bühne Mayer * Mödlinger Puppenkiste (MÖP) * Theater im Bunker (in a former air-raid shelter in Vorderbrühl) * Komödienspiele (summer plays in the Stadttheater)

Schools

* Elementary and secondary schools * Bundesgymnasium und Bundesrealgymnasium Franz-Keim-Gasse * Bundesgymnasium und wirtschaftskundliches Bundesrealgymnasium Untere Bachgasse * Höhere Technische Bundeslehr- und Versuchsanstalt * Vienna Business School Mödling, Handelsakademie der Wiener Kaufmannschaft * Höhere Lehranstalt für Mode & Bekleidungstechnik oder Produktmanagement & Präsentation * Beethoven Musikschule * Chorschule der Sängerknaben vom Wienerwald * Volkshochschule * Polytechnische Schule

Institutions

* Bezirkshauptmannschaft * Finanzamt * Bezirksgericht * Veterinärmedizinisches Institut, which has importance beyond the area of Mödling

Notable citizens

, (1770-1827), composer, lived here in his later years * Josef Schöffel, (DE Wiki) (1832-1910), mayor, campaigned for the

in the 1870's * Maria Janitschek (1859-1927), writer, her works often have strong female characters * Robert Lamezan de Salins (1869-1930), Polish military officer and diplomat * Jan Romer, (1869-1934), Polish general, studied here *

, (1874-1951), painter and composer, lived here * Robert Müller, (DE Wiki) (1877-1942), film manager, distributor of films and producer * Anton Wildgans (1881–1932), poet and playwright, nominated for the

Nobel Prize in Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature, here meaning ''for'' Literature (), is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in ...

four times *

Anton Webern Anton Webern (; 3 December 1883 – 15 September 1945) was an Austrian composer, conductor, and musicologist. His music was among the most radical of its milieu in its lyric poetry, lyrical, poetic concision and use of then novel atonality, aton ...

, (1883-1945), composer and conductor, had a studio in Mödling *

Martin Gusinde Martín Gusinde (29 October 1886, in Breslau – 10 October 1969, in Mödling, Austria) was an Austrian priest and ethnologist famous for his work in anthropology, particularly on the Fuegians. He was one of the most notable anthropologists in Ch ...

, (1886-1969), priest and ethnologist, worked in

Tierra del Fuego Tierra del Fuego (, ; Spanish for "Land of Fire", rarely also Fireland in English) is an archipelago off the southernmost tip of the South America, South American mainland, across the Strait of Magellan. The archipelago consists of the main is ...

* Egon Neumann (1894–1948), composer and

Kapellmeister ( , , ), from German (chapel) and (master), literally "master of the chapel choir", designates the leader of an ensemble of musicians. Originally used to refer to somebody in charge of music in a chapel, the term has evolved considerably in i ...

* Blessed

Maria Restituta Kafka Maria Restituta Kafka (1 May 1894 – 30 March 1943) was an Austrian nurse of Czech descent and religious sister of the Franciscan Sisters of Christian Charity (Sorores Franciscanae a Caritate Christiana). Executed by the government in Nazi-run ...

, (1894-1943), nun and nurse; worked locally after WW1 * Otto Brunner (1898-1982), historian, worked on later medieval and early modern European social history * Albert Drach, (1902-1995), writer and lawyer, died locally * Alfred Maleta, (DE Wiki) (1906-1990) politician (ÖVP), president of the

Austrian Parliament The Austrian Parliament () is the bicameral federal legislature of Austria. It consists of two chambers – the National Council and the Federal Council. In specific cases, both houses convene as the Federal Assembly. The legislature meets i ...

* Ruthilde Boesch (1918–2012), an Austrian soprano in opera, operetta, song and concert; grew up locally. * Peter Weiser, (DE Wiki) (1926-2012), journalist and secretary general of the

Konzerthaus, Vienna The Konzerthaus is a concert hall located in Vienna, Austria, which opened in 1913. It is situated in the third district just at the edge of the first district in Vienna. Since it was founded it has always tried to emphasise both traditional and ...

Franz Koglmann Franz Koglmann (born 22 May 1947) is an Austrian jazz composer. He performs on both the trumpet and flugelhorn in most often in avant-garde jazz and third stream. An award-winning composer, Koglmann has performed or recorded with Lee Konitz, Paul ...

(born 1947), jazz musician on both the trumpet and

flugelhorn The flugelhorn (), also spelled fluegelhorn, flugel horn, or flügelhorn, is a brass instrument that resembles the trumpet and cornet, but has a wider, more conical bore. Like trumpets and cornets, most flugelhorns are pitched in B♭, though ...

* Herbert Kaufmann, (DE Wiki) (born 1949), politician (SPÖ) and on the Management Board of Flughafen Wien AG * Bruno Liberda (born 1953), composer of contemporary classical music. * Dieter Chmelar, (DE Wiki) (born 1957), journalist, presenter and comedian *

Michael Spindelegger Michael Spindelegger (; born 21 December 1959) is an Austrian politician. He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs, foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as Fina ...

(born 1959), politician (ÖVP) and Govt. minister * Manfred Hemm, (born 1961),

bass-baritone A bass-baritone is a high-lying bass or low-lying "classical" baritone voice type which shares certain qualities with the true baritone voice. The term arose in the late 19th century to describe the particular type of voice required to sing three ...

opera singer * Gery Keszler (born 1963), founder and organizer of the

Life Ball The Life Ball in Vienna is the biggest charity event in Europe supporting people with HIV or AIDS. The event is organized by the nonprofit organization AIDS LIFE, which was founded in 1992 by Gery Keszler and Torgom Petrosian. AIDS LIFE suppo ...

* Paul Harather, (born 1965), film director, producer and author * Rupert Huber (born 1967), composer and pianist * Karin Gayer (born 1969), writer of poetry and narrative fiction. * Thomas Aigner, (DE Wiki) (born 1973), historian * Christine Reiler, (DE Wiki) (born 1982), Miss Austria 2007 * Dorothy Khadem-Missagh (born 1992), an Austrian pianist. * Gerhard W. Weber (born 1961), paleoanthropologist

Sport

* Manfred Zsak (born 1964), football player, played over 430 games and 49 for

Ernst Aigner Ernst Aigner (born 31 October 1966 in Mödling) is a retired Austrian footballer. Club career A tall central defender, Aigner made his debut in the Austrian Bundesliga for Admira/Wacker in 1986 and finished runner-up to Swarovski Tirol with Ad ...

(born 1966), football player, played 419 games and 11 for

* Michael Buchleitner (born 1969), steeplechase and long distance runner * Stephan Marasek (born 1970), football player, played 273 games and 11 for

* Marion Maruska (born 1972), tennis player * Andreas Schiener (born 1974), retired football midfielder, played over 320 games. * Markus Scharrer (born 1974), football player, played 410 games * Martin Bauer (born 1975), Austrian former motorcycle racer * Petra Blazek (born 1987), handballer who has played 190 games for Austria women's national handball team * Stephan Zwierschitz (born 1990), a footballer who has played over 390 games * Lisa Makas (born 1992), football player, played 74 games for

Austria women's national football team The Austria women's national football team represents Austria in international Women's association football, women's football competition. The team is controlled by the Austrian Football Association. The national team is made up mainly of playe ...

* AFC Rangers Modling founded in 1986, are the

American football American football, referred to simply as football in the United States and Canada and also known as gridiron football, is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular American football field, field with goalposts at e ...

club in the city that plays in the top tier of the Austrian Football League. Home games are played at Stadion Mödling.

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Mödling is twinned withGroße Linksammlung und Download hilfreicher Programme
/ref> *

Esch-sur-Alzette Esch-sur-Alzette (, ; ; or ''Esch an der Alzig'') is a city in Luxembourg and the country's List of communes of Luxembourg by population, second-most populous commune, with a population of 36,625 inhabitants, . It lies in the south-west of the ...

, Luxembourg *

Velletri Velletri (; ; ) is an Italian ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Rome, approximately 40 km to the southeast of the city centre, located in the Alban Hills, in the region of Lazio, central Italy. Neighbouring communes are Rocca di Papa, Lar ...

, Italy *

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, Serbia *

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, Germany *

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, France * Köszeg, Hungary *

Vsetín Vsetín () is a town in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 25,000 inhabitants. Originally a small town, Vsetín has become an important centre of industrial, economic, cultural and sports life during the 20th century. Administ ...

, Czech Republic * Saint-Gilles, Belgium *

Zottegem Zottegem (, Sotteghem and Sottegem in older English and French language sources) is a city and municipality located in Belgium and more particularly in Flanders, in the province of East Flanders. The municipality comprises the town of Zottegem pr ...

, Belgium * Dabas, Hungary Planned partner city relations: * Gyál, Hungary

References

External links

Official site of Mödling

Online Scouts of Mödling

Mödling attractions

Statistics

Museum Mödling

Mödling and surrounding in old picture postcards

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Moedling Cities and towns in Mödling District