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Phlomoides Tuberosa
''Phlomoides tuberosa'' ( syn. ''Phlomis tuberosa''), the sage-leaf mullein, is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia; SW Asia and Europe. Enlarged, tuberous roots give rise to erect stems to 150 cm bearing purple-red flowers. Chemistry Phytochemical analyses of ''Phlomoides tuberosa'' leaves have found flavonoids apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-О-glucuronide, orientin, isoorientin, phenylpropanoids acteoside (verbascoside), forsythoside B, decaffeoyl-acteoside, leucosceptoside A, marthynoside, neolignanes, iridoids sesamoside, 5-desoxy-sesamoside, shanzhiside methyl ester, lamalbide, 8-O-acetyl-shanzhiside, phloyoside I, chlorotuberoside, sterols, triterpenes oleanolic acid, ursolic acid. Dried leaves of plants collected in Buryatia yielded 0.02% of essential oil with a weak aroma with dominant phytol, linalool, eugenol and caryoph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his Nobility#Ennoblement, ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin; his name is rendered in Latin as and, after his 1761 ennoblement, as . Linnaeus was born in Råshult, the countryside of Småland, in southern Sweden. He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738, where he studied and also published the first edition of his ' in the Netherlands. He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala. In the 1740s, he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lamiaceae
The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, hyssop, thyme, lavender, and perilla, as well as other medicinal herbs such as catnip, salvia, bee balm, wild dagga, and oriental motherwort. Some species are shrubs, trees (such as teak), or, rarely, vines. Many members of the family are widely cultivated, not only for their aromatic qualities, but also their ease of cultivation, since they are readily propagated by stem cuttings. Besides those grown for their edible leaves, some are grown for decorative foliage. Others are grown for seed, such as ''Salvia hispanica'' (chia), or for their edible tubers, such as '' Plectranthus edulis'', ''Plectranthus esculentus'', ''Plectranthus rotundifolius'', and ''Stachys affinis'' (Chinese artichoke). Many are also grown or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sterol
Sterol is an organic compound with formula , whose molecule is derived from that of gonane by replacement of a hydrogen atom in position 3 by a hydroxyl group. It is therefore an alcohol of gonane. More generally, any compounds that contain the gonane structure, additional functional groups, and/or modified ring systems derived from gonane are called steroids. Therefore, sterols are a subgroup of the steroids. They occur naturally in most eukaryotes, including plants, animals, and fungi, and can also be produced by some bacteria (however likely with different functions). The most familiar type of animal sterol is cholesterol, which is vital to cell membrane structure, and functions as a precursor to fat-soluble vitamins and steroid hormones. While technically alcohols, sterols are classified by biochemists as lipids ( fats in the broader sense of the term). Types Sterols of plants are called ''phytosterols'' and sterols of animals are called ''zoosterols''. The most impor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iridoid
Iridoids are a type of monoterpenoids in the general form of cyclopentanopyran, found in a wide variety of plants and some animals. They are biosynthetically derived from 8-oxogeranial. Iridoids are typically found in plants as glycosides, most often bound to glucose. The chemical structure is exemplified by iridomyrmecin, a defensive chemical produced by the ant genus ''Iridomyrmex'', for which iridoids are named. Structurally, they are bicyclic ''cis''-fused cyclopentane-pyrans. Cleavage of a bond in the cyclopentane ring gives rise to a subclass known as ''secoiridoids'', such as oleuropein and amarogentin. Occurrence The iridoids produced by plants act primarily as a defense against herbivores or against infection by microorganisms. The variable checkerspot butterfly also contains iridoids obtained through its diet which act as a defense against avian predators. To humans and other mammals, iridoids are often characterized by a deterrent bitter taste. Aucubin and catal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neolignans
The lignans are a large group of low molecular weight polyphenols found in plants, particularly seeds, whole grains, and vegetables. The name derives from the Latin word for "wood". Lignans are precursors to phytoestrogens. They may play a role as antifeedants in the defense of seeds and plants against herbivores. Biosynthesis and metabolism Lignans and lignin differ in their molecular weight, the former being small and soluble in water, the latter being high polymers that are undigestable. Both are polyphenolic substances derived by oxidative coupling of monolignols. Thus, most lignans feature a C18 cores, resulting from the dimerization of C9 precursors. The coupling of the lignols occurs at C8. Eight classes of lignans are: "furofuran, furan, dibenzylbutane, dibenzylbutyrolactone, aryltetralin, arylnaphthalene, dibenzocyclooctadiene, and dibenzylbutyrolactol." Many lignans are metabolized by mammalian gut microflora, producing so-called enterolignans. Food sources Flax ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forsythoside B
Forsythoside B is a natural product from the phenylpropanoid glycoside group, which is found in a number of plant species such as '' Marrubium alysson'', ''Phlomis armeniaca'', '' Scutellaria salviifolia'', ''Phlomoides tuberosa'', ''Phlomoides rotata'', '' Pedicularis longiflora'' and ''Teucrium chamaedrys'', several of which are used in Chinese traditional medicine in preparations such as Shuanghuanglian (双黄连). It acts as an inhibitor of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha, IL-6, IκB and NF-κB, as well as the temperature sensitive channel TRPV3, but also activates the RhoA Transforming protein RhoA, also known as Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), is a small GTPase protein in the Rho family of GTPases that in humans is encoded by the ''RHOA'' gene. While the effects of RhoA activity are not all well known, it is .../ ROCK signaling pathway which can cause hypersensitivity reactions when it is injected intravenously. See also * Xiyanping References {{Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verbascoside
Verbascoside is a caffeoyl phenylethanoid glycoside in which the phenylpropanoid caffeic acid and the phenylethanoid hydroxytyrosol form an ester and an ether bond respectively, to the rhamnose part of a disaccharide, namely β-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-(4-O-caffeoyl)-glucopyranoside. Occurrences Natural occurrences Verbascoside can be found in species in all the families of the order Lamiales (syn. Scrophulariales). Only two examples are known from outside the order, in the clade Asterids. ; in the Lamiales In the family Lamiaceae, it can be found in the medicinal plants in the genus '' Phlomis'', in the Scrophulariaceae, in '' Verbascum phlomoides'', '' Verbascum mallophorum'', or, in the family Buddlejaceae, in '' Buddleja globosa'' or '' Buddleja cordata'', in the family Bignoniaceae, in '' Pithecoctenium sp'' and '' Tynanthus panurensis'', in the family Orobanchaceae, in '' Cistanche sp'' and '' Orobanche rapum-genistae'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenylpropanoid
The phenylpropanoids are a diverse family of organic compounds that are synthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. Their name is derived from the six-carbon, aromatic phenyl group and the three-carbon propene tail of coumaric acid, which is the central intermediate in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. From 4-coumaroyl-CoA emanates the biosynthesis of myriad natural products including lignols (precursors to lignin and lignocellulose), flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, aurones, stilbenes, catechin, and phenylpropanoids. The coumaroyl component is produced from cinnamic acid. Phenylpropanoids are found throughout the plant kingdom, where they serve as essential components of a number of structural polymers, provide protection from ultraviolet light, defend against herbivores and pathogens, and also mediate plant-pollinator interactions as floral pigments and scent compounds. Hydroxycinnamic acids Phenylalanine is first converted to cinnamic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isoorientin
Isoorientin (or homoorientin) is a flavone, a chemical flavonoid-like compound. It is the luteolin-6-C-glucoside. Bioassay-directed fractionation techniques led to isolation of isoorientin as the main hypoglycaemic component in ''Gentiana olivieri''. Studies also showed that isoorientin is a potential neuroprotective compound against Alzheimer's disease. Natural occurrences Isoorientin can be isolated from the passion flower, '' Vitex negundo'', ''Terminalia myriocarpa'', the Açaí palm and ''Swertia japonica''. Metabolism * Isoorientin 3'-O-methyltransferase See also * Orientin, the 8-C glucoside of luteolin Luteolin is a flavone, a type of flavonoid, with a yellow crystalline appearance. Luteolin is the principal yellow dye compound that is obtained from the plant ''Reseda luteola'', which has been used as a source of the dye since at least the fi .... References Flavone glucosides C-glycoside natural phenols {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orientin
Orientin is a flavone, a chemical flavonoid-like compound. It is the 8-C glucoside of luteolin. Natural occurrences Orientin is found in ''Adonis vernalis'', in '' Anadenanthera colubrina'' and ''Anadenanthera peregrina'', and in the '' Phyllostachys nigra'' bamboo leaves ; In food Orientin is also reported in the passion flower, the Açaí palm, buckwheat sprouts, and in millet Millets () are a highly varied group of small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food. Most species generally referred to as millets belong to the tribe Paniceae, but some millets a ...s. Identification in Natural Plants The identification of orientin has been reported widely. Its identification using mass spectrometry is established Welch, C., Zhen, J., Bassène, E., Raskin, I., Simon, J.E. and Wu, Q., 2017. Bioactive polyphenols in kinkéliba tea (Combretum micranthum) and their glucose-lowering activities. Journal of Food and Drug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luteolin-7-O-glucuronide
Luteolin-7-''O''-glucuronide is a chemical compound that is classified as a flavone. It is found in '' Acanthus hirsutus'' and in rye (''Secale cereale''). Metabolism Luteolin 7-O-glucuronosyltransferase is an enzyme that uses UDP-glucuronate and luteolin Luteolin is a flavone, a type of flavonoid, with a yellow crystalline appearance. Luteolin is the principal yellow dye compound that is obtained from the plant '' Reseda luteola'', which has been used as a source of the dye since at least the f ... to produce UDP and luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide. Luteolin-7-O-glucuronide 2"-O-glucuronosyltransferase is an enzyme that uses UDP-glucuronate and luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide to produce UDP and luteolin 7-O-(beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1→2)-beta-D-glucuronide). References Flavone glycosides Flavonoid glucuronides Glucuronide esters {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luteolin-7-O-glucoside
Cynaroside (also known as luteoloside) is a flavone, a flavonoid-like chemical compound. It is a 7-O- glucoside of luteolin. Natural occurrences It can be found in '' Ferula varia'' and '' F. foetida'' in ''Campanula persicifolia'' and '' C. rotundifolia'', in the bamboo ''Phyllostachys nigra'', and in ''Teucrium gnaphalodes''. ; In food It can be found in dandelion (the highest concentration in the flowers, but also in the roots) and in ''Cynara scolymus'' (artichoke). Metabolism Flavone 7-O-beta-glucosyltransferase adds a glucose to luteolin. A cynaroside 7-O-glucosidase Cynaroside (also known as luteoloside) is a flavone, a flavonoid-like chemical compound. It is a 7-O-glucoside of luteolin. Natural occurrences It can be found in '' Ferula varia'' and '' F. foetida'' in '' Campanula persicifolia'' and '' C. ro ... has been identified in the artichoke. Spectral data References {{flavone Flavone glucosides Catechols ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
