Metropolitan Cagayan de Oro ( ceb, Kaulohang Cagayan de Oro; fil, Kalakhang Cagayan de Oro), also known as Metro Cagayan de Oro, is the fourth largest

metropolitan area A metropolitan area or metro is a region that consists of a densely populated urban agglomeration and its surrounding territories sharing industries, commercial areas, transport network, infrastructures and housing. A metro area usually com ...

in the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

. It is located on the northern coast of

Mindanao Mindanao ( ) ( Jawi: مينداناو) is the second-largest island in the Philippines, after Luzon, and seventh-most populous island in the world. Located in the southern region of the archipelago, the island is part of an island group of ...

, and comprises the two chartered cities of

Cagayan de Oro Cagayan ( ), officially the Province of Cagayan ( ilo, Probinsia ti Cagayan; ibg, Provinsiya na Cagayan; itv, Provinsiya ya Cagayan; fil, Lalawigan ng Cagayan), is a province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region, covering ...

and

El Salvador El Salvador (; , meaning " The Saviour"), officially the Republic of El Salvador ( es, República de El Salvador), is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south b ...

and the fourteen municipalities of

Misamis Oriental Misamis Oriental ( ceb, Sidlakang Misamis; tl, Silangang Misamis), officially the Province of Misamis Oriental, is a province located in the region of Northern Mindanao in the Philippines. Its capital, largest city and provincial center is th ...

which are

Alubijid Alubijid, officially the Municipality of Alubijid ( ceb, Lungsod sa Alubijid; tl, Bayan ng Alubijid), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 32,163 peo ...

Balingasag Balingasag, officially the Municipality of Balingasag ( ceb, Lungsod sa Balingasag; tl, Bayan ng Balingasag), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 74, ...

, Claveria,

Gitagum Gitagum, officially the Municipality of Gitagum ( ceb, Lungsod sa Gitagum; tl, Bayan ng Gitagum), is a 5th class municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. The municipality is bounded on the north by Mindanao Sea, on the east ...

Initao Initao, officially the Municipality of Initao ( ceb, Lungsod sa Initao; tl, Bayan ng Initao), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 33,902 people. It i ...

Jasaan Jasaan, officially the Municipality of Jasaan ( ceb, Lungsod sa Jasaan; tl, Bayan ng Jasaan), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 57,055 people. It is ...

Laguindingan Laguindingan, officially the Municipality of Laguindingan ( ceb, Lungsod sa Laguindingan; tl, Bayan ng Laguindingan), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a populatio ...

, Libertad,

Lugait Lugait, officially the Municipality of Lugait ( ceb, Lungsod sa Lugait; tl, Bayan ng Lugait), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 20,559 people. It ...

Manticao Manticao, officially the Municipality of Manticao ( ceb, Lungsod sa Manticao; tl, Bayan ng Manticao), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 29,469 peopl ...

, Naawan,

Opol Opol, officially the Municipality of Opol ( ceb, Lungsod sa Opol; tl, Bayan ng Opol), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 66,327 people. Opol was cre ...

, Tagoloan, and Villanueva and the six municipalities of

Bukidnon Bukidnon(), officially the Province of Bukidnon ( ceb, Lalawigan sa Bukidnon; fil, Lalawigan ng Bukidnon; hil, Kapuroan sang Bukidnon; Binukid and Higaonon: ''Probinsya ta Bukidnon''), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the ...

which are

Manolo Fortich Manolo Fortich, officially the Municipality of Manolo Fortich ( Bukid and Higaonon: Banuwa ta Manolo Fortich; ceb, Lungsod sa Manolo Fortich; tl, Bayan ng Manolo Fortich), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. ...

, Baungon, Libona, Malitbog, Sumilao and

Talakag Talakag, officially the Municipality of Talakag ( Bukid and Higaonon: Banuwa ta Talakag; ceb, Lungsod sa Talakag; tl, Bayan ng Talakag), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has ...

. According to the 2015 Philippine census, Metro Cagayan de Oro has a population of 1,687,159 people.

Geography

Metro Cagayan de Oro is bounded by

Macajalar Bay Macajalar Bay is a deep water bay of the Bohol Sea, located north of the province of Misamis Oriental on Mindanao Island, in the southern part of the Philippines. Cagayan de Oro City, being the regional center of Northern Mindanao (Region X), is ...

, which curves north. Forty percent of its area is elevated plains, located partially in

. In the western portion the Cagayan de Oro River outlines the area, which is divided by the river's tributaries from district 1 of Cagayan de Oro to

(including

and

). The eastern and southern regions run from district 2 of Cagayan de Oro to Tagoloan to Claveria and Malitbog to

, which is bordered by

Central Mindanao Soccsksargen (officially stylized in all caps; ), formerly known as Central Mindanao, is an administrative region of the Philippines, designated as Region XII. Located in south-central Mindanao, its name is an acronym that stands for the region ...

and

Lanao del Norte Lanao del Norte ( Cebuano: ''Amihanang Lanao''; tl, Hilagang Lanao; Maranao: ''Pangotaraan Ranao''), officially the Province of Lanao del Norte, is a province in the Philippines located in the Northern Mindanao region. Its capital is Tubod. T ...

. Metro Cagayan comprises hills and mountain ranges,

mountain A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from a plateau in having a limited Summit (topography), summit area, and ...

s and

rain forest Rainforests are characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforest can be classified as tropical rainforest or temperate rainforest ...

s. Its biodiversity and greenery helps keep the area's temperature cool. The southern portion has semi-active

volcanoes A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates are ...

in the

Kalatungan Mountain Range Kalatungan Mountain Range is a mountain range in the central portion of the province of Bukidnon, the Philippines. It is one of the few areas in the province covered with old growth forest, old growth or mossy forests. It covers an area of approxi ...

, although the

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS, ; tl, Surian ng Pilipinas sa Bulkanolohiya at Sismolohiya) is a Philippine national institution dedicated to provide information on the activities of volcanoes, earthquakes, and ...

(PhilVolcs) maintains that there is little risk of eruption or earthquakes.

Climate

Under the

Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...

system Cagayan de Oro has a tropical climate, with an annual average temperature of . In June 1998, the city recorded its highest temperature to date, . The city receives a varying amount of rainfall throughout the year; March and April are the driest months, and August and September the wettest. The rainy season lasts from June to November, and the drier season from December to May. The city lies outside the typhoon belt, but is affected by the

Intertropical Convergence Zone The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ ), known by sailors as the doldrums or the calms because of its monotonous windless weather, is the area where the northeast and the southeast trade winds converge. It encircles Earth near the thermal e ...

Government

is the provincial capital of

. The executive and judicial branches of government are based in the Misamis Oriental Provincial Capitol Building. Metro Cagayan de Oro has the fourth-largest population in the Philippines, and is the third-largest metropolitan area geographically. Most of its cities and municipalities are located in the provinces of

and

. Since the 1986

People Power Revolution The People Power Revolution, also known as the EDSA Revolution or the February Revolution, was a series of popular Demonstration (people), demonstrations in the Philippines, mostly in Metro Manila, from February 22 to 25, 1986. There was a ...

, political power has returned to

. Each city and municipality is self-governing, divided into

barangay A barangay (; abbreviated as Brgy. or Bgy.), historically referred to as barrio (abbreviated as Bo.), is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district, or ward. In metropolitan ...

s led by mayors.

Demographics

Metro Cagayan de Oro is inhabited by distinct

Visayan Visayans ( Visayan: ''mga Bisaya''; ) or Visayan people are a Philippine ethnolinguistic group or metaethnicity native to the Visayas, the southernmost islands of Luzon and a significant portion of Mindanao. When taken as a single ethnic group ...

cultural communities.

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global pop ...

(particularly

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

ism) is the predominant religion. Several cultural minorities exist in central

(

, Sumilao and Baungon), including the

Bagobo The Lumad are a group of Austronesian indigenous people in the southern Philippines. It is a Cebuano term meaning "native" or "indigenous". The term is short for Katawhang Lumad (Literally: "indigenous people"), the autonym officially adopte ...

s, Subanons and Badjaos. The city of Cagayan de Oro has a population of 675,950 people, making it the most-populous city in

northern Mindanao Northern Mindanao ( tl, Hilagang Mindanao; ceb, Amihanang Mindanao; Maranao: ''Pangotaraan Mindanao'') is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region X. It comprises five provinces: Bukidnon, Camiguin, Misamis Occidental, ...

and the tenth in the country.

Religion

Roman Catholicism The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide . It is am ...

is the predominant religion,NationMaster.com:''Southeast Asia > Philippines > Religion Share''
/ref> although

Protestant Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...

denominations (including

Pentecostalism Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestant Charismatic Christian movement

and the

Seventh-day Adventist Church The Seventh-day Adventist Church is an Adventist Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in the Christian (Gregorian) and the Hebrew calendar, as the Sabbath, and ...

are increasing in numbers. Followers of

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...

were mainly

Maranao The Maranao people (Maranao: mәranaw Filipino: ''Maranaw''), also spelled Meranao, Maranaw, and Mëranaw, is the term used by the Philippine government to refer to the southern indigenous people who are the "people of the lake", a predomi ...

traders and immigrants.

Population

About 44 percent of households in Metro Cagayan de Oro classify themselves as ethnically mixed, 22.15 percent as

Cebu Cebu (; ceb, Sugbo), officially the Province of Cebu ( ceb, Lalawigan sa Sugbo; tl, Lalawigan ng Cebu; hil, Kapuroan sang Sugbo), is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas region, and consists of a main island and 167 ...

ano and 4.38 percent as

Bohol Bohol (), officially the Province of Bohol ( ceb, Lalawigan sa Bohol; tl, Lalawigan ng Bohol), is an island province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas Regions of the Philippines, region, consisting of the island itself and 75 m ...

ano; 28.07 percent are from other ethnic groups, including

and

.Cagayan de Oro City: Population Growth Rate Declined to 1.63 Percent
In addition to the city of Cagayan de Oro, there is rapid growth in nearby cities and municipalities (including Tagoloan and El Salvador). According to the ''Statistical Yearbook of the Philippines'', this urban growth is a result of migration from neighboring provinces. Cultural communities and ethnic groups living primarily in remote areas of Talakag, Baungon and Bukidnon include the

Maranaw The Maranao people (Maranao: mәranaw Filipino: ''Maranaw''), also spelled Meranao, Maranaw, and Mëranaw, is the term used by the Philippine government to refer to the southern indigenous people who are the "people of the lake", a predomin ...

T’boli The Tboli people () are one of the indigenous peoples of South Cotabato in southern Mindanao. In the body of ethnographic and linguistic literature on Mindanao, their name is variously spelt Tboli, T'boli, Tböli, Tagabili, Tagabilil, Tagabulul ...

and

. These groups have declined in population by about 12 percent since 2000 and, despite comprising 20.4 percent of the population of Mindanao, they experience discrimination in Filipino society.

Economy

CAG Skyline Aug 2020 as seen from Upper Puerto

Cagayan de Oro is the "melting pot of Mindanao" because of its accessibility, business growth and attractions. It is a business hub of the northern Mindanao region, with a reported income of ₱1.8 billion in fiscal year 2010. The city's economy is based on industry, commerce, trade, services and tourism. The city of Cagayan de Oro reported seven billion pesos in investment during the first six months of 2012, primarily in the service and industrial sectors. Investment in Metro Cagayan de Oro focuses on

tourism Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring (disambiguation), touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tour (disambiguation), tours. Th ...

agriculture Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to ...

and the

hospitality industry The hospitality industry is a broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, food and drink service, event planning, theme parks, travel and tourism. It includes hotels, tourism agencies, restaurants and bars. Sector ...

Healthcare

Metro Cagayan de Oro has a number of hospitals: In addition, Every municipalities has public health center and/or mini-hospital that caters their constituents for minor health cases under the supervision of Local government Units and Department of Health.

Public

* Cagayan de Oro Medical Central * J.R. Borja Memorial Hospital City Hospital * German Doctors Hospital * Northern Mindanao Medical Center

Private

* Cagayan de Oro Medical Center * Capitol University Medical Center * Sabal General Hospital * Madonna and Child Hospital * Maria Reyna Xavier University Hospital * Orthopedic Rehab Institute * Polymedic Medical Group ** Cagayan Polymedic General Hospital ** Cagayan Polymedic General Plaza ** Tagoloan Polymedic General Hospital * Puerto General Hospital

Education

Education Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty. Va ...

, which has the largest share (about 40 percent) of the Metro Cagayan de Oro budget, is supervised by the Northern Mindanao Region X Department of Education. The 2010 census counted 203 schools in the metropolis, including six

universities A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...

, 12

college A college (Latin: ''collegium'') is an educational institution or a constituent part of one. A college may be a degree-awarding tertiary educational institution, a part of a collegiate or federal university, an institution offering ...

s, 52

high school A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper seconda ...

s and 64

elementary Elementary may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Music * ''Elementary'' (Cindy Morgan album), 2001 * ''Elementary'' (The End album), 2007 * ''Elementary'', a Melvin "Wah-Wah Watson" Ragin album, 1977 Other uses in arts, entertainment, an ...

and

primary Primary or primaries may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Music Groups and labels * Primary (band), from Australia * Primary (musician), hip hop musician and record producer from South Korea * Primary Music, Israeli record label Works * ...

schools (primarily in urban areas). The student population of Metro Cagayan de Oro is estimated at 380,580.''Background Profile of the Philippines and the Filipino Culture''
/ref> Colleges and universities in Metro Cagayan de Oro are:

Colleges

AMA Computer University AMA Computer University, also known as AMA University or simply AMA, is a private, nonsectarian, For-profit education, for-profit higher education institution in Quezon City, Philippines. AMA is currently the largest information technology and C ...

* Cagayan de Oro College - PHINMA Education Network * Informatics Computer Institute of Cagayan de Oro *

Lourdes College (Cagayan de Oro) Lourdes College Cagayan de Oro City (LCCDO) is a private, Roman Catholic basic and higher education institution managed by the Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary in Cagayan de Oro City, Misamis Oriental, Philippines. It was founde ...

* Pilgrim Christian College * STI College - Cagayan de Oro * Tagoloan Community College * Opol Community College * Blessed Mother College * Southern Philippines College *

Misamis Oriental State College of Agriculture and Technology The University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines (USTP Claveria), currently the ''University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines – Claveria Campus'', is a public institution of tertiary education. In 2016, MOSCAT ...

Universities

Capitol University Capitol University is a non-sectarian, co-educational private university located in Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. It is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as a stock corporation and operates with the authority of the Departme ...

Liceo de Cagayan University The Liceo de Cagayan University (LDCU) is a private non-sectarian basic and higher education institution in Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. It was founded in 1955 by Rodolfo N. Pelaez of Cagayan de Oro and his wife Elsa P. Pelaez of Cebu City. His ...

University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines The University of Science and Technology of The Philippines (USTP; fil, Pamantasan ng Agham at Teknolohiya ng Pilipinas) is a state university system in the Philippines established on August 16, 2016, by virtue of Republic Act 10919 through the ...

Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan , mottoeng = "''The Truth shall set you free''" (John 8:32) , type = Private Roman Catholic Research Non-profit Coeducational Basic and Higher education institution , established = , founder ...

Transportation

Land

Metro Cagayan de Oro is accessible by land. There are three bus and jeepney terminals with regular service: Agora Integrated Bus Terminal, Eastbound-Gusa Jeepney Terminal and Westbound-Bulua Integrated Bus and Jeepney Terminal.

Air

Lumbia Airport, also known as Cagayan de Oro Airport (now Lumbia Airfield), hosted domestic service to

Manila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...

, Davao and

Iloilo Iloilo (), officially the Province of Iloilo ( hil, Kapuoran sang Iloilo; krj, Kapuoran kang Iloilo; tl, Lalawigan ng Iloilo), is a province in the Philippines located in the Western Visayas region. Its capital is the City of Iloilo, the ...

. Manila is 75 minutes away by air, Iloilo one hour and Cebu 45 minutes, and Davao 25 minutes. It was the second-busiest airport in

, after

Francisco Bangoy International Airport Francisco Bangoy International Airport ( ceb, Tugpahanang Pangkalibutanon sa Francisco Bangoy; fil, Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Francisco Bangoy; ), also commonly known as Davao International Airport, is the main airport serving Davao City and th ...

Davao City Davao City, officially the City of Davao ( ceb, Dakbayan sa Dabaw; ), is a first class highly urbanized city in the Davao Region, Philippines. The city has a total land area of , making it the largest city in the Philippines in terms of lan ...

. Laguindingan International Airport (which opened June 15, 2013, replacing Lumbia) is in the municipality of

Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental Laguindingan, officially the Municipality of Laguindingan ( ceb, Lungsod sa Laguindingan; tl, Bayan ng Laguindingan), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population ...

. It serves northern Mindanao (including Iligan and Cagayan de Oro), offering domestic service throughout the Philippines. It will offer international flights in the future.

Sea

Cagayan de Oro Port is an international seaport situated near the estuary of the Cagayan de Oro River. It has an anchorage depth of , with two cargo-handling operators. With the recent completion of the 250 million peso rehabilitation project, it is the largest seaport in Mindanao.P250-M rehab for Mindanao’s biggest port completed - INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos
The port has regular service to

Tagbilaran Tagbilaran, officially the City of Tagbilaran ( ceb, Dakbayan sa Tagbilaran), is a 3rd class component city and capital of the province of Bohol, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 104,976 people. Encompassing a la ...

Bacolod Bacolod, officially the City of Bacolod (; hil, Dakbanwa/Syudad sang Bacolod; fil, Lungsod ng Bacolod), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the region of Western Visayas, Philippines. It is the capital of the province of Negros Occidenta ...

Dumaguete Dumaguete, officially the City of Dumaguete ( ceb, Dakbayan sa Dumaguete; fil, Lungsod ng Dumaguete), is a 3rd income class component city and the capital of the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a p ...

and

Jagna Jagna, officially the Municipality of Jagna ( ceb, Munisipalidad sa Jagna; tgl, Bayan ng Jagna), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Bohol, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 35,832 people. Jagna is lo ...

References

Cagayan de Oro List of Hotels
{{DEFAULTSORT:Metro Cagayan De Oro

Cagayan de Oro