Abdelaziz Bouteflika Abdelaziz Bouteflika (; ar, عبد العزيز بوتفليقة, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Būtaflīqa ; 2 March 1937 – 17 September 2021) was an Algerian politician and diplomat who served as President of Algeria from 1999 to his resignation in 2019 ...

President of Algeria The president of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Algerian People's National Armed Forces. History of the office The Tripoli Program, whi ...

Ahmed Ouyahia Ahmed Ouyahia ( ar, rtl=yes, أحمد أويحيى, Aḥmad ʾŪyaḥyā; 2 July 1952) is an Algerian politician who was Prime Minister of Algeria four times (1995–98, 2004–2006, 2008–2012, 2017–2019). A career diplomat, he also served as ...

Prime Minister of Algeria The prime minister of Algeria is the head of government of Algeria. Aymen Benabderrahmane has been the prime minister since 30 June 2021. The prime minister is appointed by the president of Algeria, along with other ministers and members of ...

José Eduardo dos Santos José Eduardo dos Santos (; 28 August 1942 – 8 July 2022) was the president of Angola from 1979 to 2017. As president, dos Santos was also the commander-in-chief of the Angolan Armed Forces (FAA) and president of the People's Movement for ...

Paulo Kassoma António Paulo Kassoma (born 6 June 1951) is an Angolan politician. He was named Prime Minister of Angola in September 2008 and remained in office until the new constitution replaced this function in February 2010.Prime Minister of Angola The prime minister of Angola was a high government official in Angola re-established by Angola's 1992 constitution with limited powers as head of government. Along with the rest of the Council of Ministers, the prime minister was appointed by ...

Thomas Boni Yayi Thomas Boni Yayi (born 1 July 1951) is a Beninese banker and politician who was President of Benin from 2006 to 2016. He took office after winning the March 2006 presidential election and was re-elected to a second term in March 2011. He also s ...

President of Benin The president of Benin () is both head of state and head of government in Benin. The Cabinet of Benin is under the authority of the President, and serves to advise and help formulate strategies. It also liaises with ministries and other governme ...

Ian Khama Seretse Khama Ian Khama (born 27 February 1953) is a Botswana politician and former military officer who was the fourth President of the Republic of Botswana from 1 April 2008 to 1 April 2018. After serving as Commander of the Botswana Defence ...

President of Botswana The president of the Republic of Botswana is the head of state and the head of government of Botswana, as well as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, according to the Constitution of Botswana. The president is elected to a five-year ...

Blaise Compaoré Blaise Compaoré (born 3 February 1951)''Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders'' (2003), page 76–77.

President of Burkina Faso This is a list of heads of state of Burkina Faso since the Republic of Upper Volta gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of seven people have served as head of state of Upper Volta/Burkina Faso (not counting four ...

Prime Minister of Burkina Faso This is a list of prime ministers of Burkina Faso since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of the Republic of Upper Volta in 1971 to the present day. A total of fifteen people have served as Prime Minister of Upper Volta/Burkina Faso ...

Pierre Nkurunziza Pierre Nkurunziza (18 December 19648 June 2020) was a Burundian politician who served as the ninth president of Burundi for almost 15 years from August 2005 until his death in June 2020. A member of the Hutu ethnic group, Nkurunziza taught ph ...

President of Burundi The president of Burundi, officially the President of the Republic (French: ''Président de la République''), is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Burundi. The president is also commander-in-chief of the National Def ...

Paul Biya Paul Biya (born Paul Barthélemy Biya'a bi Mvondo; 13 February 1933) is a Cameroonian politician who has served as the president of Cameroon since 6 November 1982.

President of Cameroon The president of Cameroon is the executive head of state and de facto head of government of Cameroon and is the commander in chief of the Cameroon Armed Forces. The authority of the State is exercised both by the President and by the Parliament. ...

Philémon Yang Philémon Yunji Yang (born June 14, 1947Profile at Cameroonian ...

Prime Minister of Cameroon Under the current Constitution of Cameroon, the Prime Minister of Cameroon is a relatively powerless position. While the Prime Minister is officially appointed to be the head of government, the President retains most of the executive power and c ...

Pedro Pires Pedro de Verona Rodrigues Pires (; born 29 April 1934) is a Cape Verdean politician who served as Prime Minister of Cape Verde from 1975 to 1991, and later as President from 2001 to 2011. Life and career Pires was born in São Filipe, Fogo, Cape ...

President of Cape Verde President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese f ...

José Maria Neves José Maria Pereira Neves (; born 28 March 1960) is a Cape Verdean politician who is currently the president of Cape Verde, having previously served as the Prime Minister of Cape Verde from 2001 to 2016. He is a member of the African Party for th ...

Prime Minister of Cape Verde This article lists the prime ministers of Cape Verde, an island country in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of West Africa, since the establishment of the office of prime minister in 1975. Pedro Pires was the first person to hold the office, ta ...

President of the Central African Republic President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese f ...

Faustin-Archange Touadéra Faustin-Archange Touadéra (; born 21 April 1957) is a Central African politician and academic who has been President of the Central African Republic since March 2016. He previously was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from Janua ...

Prime Minister of the Central African Republic This article lists the heads of government of the Central African Republic. There have been twenty-five heads of government of the Central African Republic and the Central African Empire. The office of Prime Minister, the head of government, w ...

Idriss Déby Idriss Déby Itno ' (18 June 1952 – 20 April 2021) was a Chadian politician and military officer who was the president of Chad from 1990 until his death in 2021. Déby was a member of the Bidayat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. A high-ranki ...

President of Chad This is a list of heads of state of Chad since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of six people have served as head of state of Chad (not counting two Interim Heads of State). Additionally, one pers ...

Youssouf Saleh Abbas Youssouf Saleh Abbas ( ar, يوسف صالح عباس '; born ''c''. 1953

Prime Minister of Chad This is a list of prime ministers of Chad since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Chad in 1978 to the present day. A total of eighteen people have served as Prime Minister of Chad (not counting one Acting Prime Minister). Addition ...

Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi Sayyid Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi ( ar, أحمد عبدالله محمد سامبي, born 5 June 1958) is a Comorian Islamic leader and politician, and former President of Comoros. He is popularly known as 'Ayatollah'. After easily winning the ...

President of the Comoros The following is a list of heads of state of the Comoros, since the country gained independence from France in 1975. List of officeholders Timeline Succession Article 58 of the Comorian Constitution states that "in case of absolute absenc ...

Denis Sassou Nguesso Denis Sassou Nguesso (born 23 November 1943) is a Congolese politician and former military officer. He became president of the Republic of the Congo in 1997. He served a previous term as president from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as ...

President of the Republic of the Congo This is a list of presidents of the Republic of the Congo since the formation of the post of president in 1960, to the present day. A total of six people have served as President of the Republic of the Congo (not counting one acting/interim h ...

Joseph Kabila Joseph Kabila Kabange ( , ; born 4 June 1971) is a Congolese politician who served as President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between January 2001 and January 2019. He took office ten days after the assassination of his father, Pres ...

President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo The president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: link=no, Président de la République démocratique du Congo, sw, Rais wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, ln, Mokonzi wa Republíki ya Kongó Demokratíki), is the head of state ...

Adolphe Muzito Adolphe Muzito (born 12 February 1957"DR Congo presiden ...

Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo The Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: link=no, 1=Premier ministre de la République démocratique du Congo, sw, 1=Waziri Mkuu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, ln, 1=Minisele ya Yambo wa Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ ...

Ismaïl Omar Guelleh Ismaïl Omar Guelleh ( so, Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle ar, إسماعيل عمر جليه) (born 27 November 1947) is the current President of Djibouti. He has been in office since 1999, making him one of the longest-serving rulers in Africa. He is ...

President of Djibouti This is a list of presidents of Djibouti. Since the establishment of the office of president in 1977, there have been two presidents. The president is both head of state and head of government of Djibouti and the commander-in-chief of the Djibo ...

Dileita Mohamed Dileita Dileita Mohamed Dileita ( aa, Dileita Macammad Dileita, ar, دليطة محمد دليطة) (born 12 March 1959''Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders'' (2003), page 142–143.Prime Minister of Djibouti This is a list of prime ministers of Djibouti. Since the establishment of the office of prime minister in 1977, there have been 6 official prime ministers. The prime minister is the head of government of Djibouti. The current prime minister is A ...

Hosni Mubarak Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak, (; 4 May 1928 – 25 February 2020) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the fourth president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011. Before he entered politics, Mubarak was a career officer in ...

President of Egypt The president of Egypt is the executive head of state of Egypt and the de facto appointer of the official head of government under the Egyptian Constitution of 2014. Under the various iterations of the Constitution of Egypt following the E ...

Ahmed Nazif Ahmed Nazif ( ar, أحمد نظيف, ; born 8 July 1952) served as the Prime Minister of Egypt from 14 July 2004 to 29 January 2011, when his cabinet was dismissed by President Hosni Mubarak in light of a popular uprising that led to the Egyptian ...

Prime Minister of Egypt The prime minister of Egypt () is the head of the Egyptian government. A direct translation of the Arabic-language title is "Minister-President of Egypt" and "President of the Government". The Arabic title can also be translated as "President of ...

Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (; born 5 June 1942) is an Equatoguinean politician and former military officer who has served as the second president of Equatorial Guinea since August 1979. He is the longest-serving president of any country ev ...

Ignacio Milam Tang Ignacio Milam Tang (born 20 June 1940
.) is an

Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2008–2012) * **President –

Isaias Afwerki Isaias Afwerki ( ti, ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ, ; born 2 February 1946) is an Eritrean politician and partisan who has been the president of Eritrea since shortly after he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) to victory in ...

,

President of Eritrea This is a list of heads of state of Eritrea. Since the establishment of the office of President in 1993, the office has been held by Isaias Afwerki. The President is the head of state and head of government of Eritrea, as well as commander-in-c ...

(1991–present) * **President –

Girma Wolde-Giorgis Girma Wolde-Giorgis (; 28 December 1924 – 15 December 2018) was an Ethiopian politician who was the president of Ethiopia from 2001 to 2013. He was the second person to hold the office of president since the founding of the Federal Democra ...

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President of Ethiopia The President of Ethiopia is the head of state of Ethiopia. The position is largely ceremonial with executive power vested in the Council of Ministers chaired by The Prime Minister. The current president is Sahle-Work Zewde, who took office on ...

(2001–2013) **Prime Minister –

Meles Zenawi Meles Zenawi Asres (Tigrinya and ; , born Legesse Zenawi Asres; 9 May 1955 – 20 August 2012) was an Ethiopian soldier and politician who served as President of Ethiopia from 1991 to 1995 and then Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 1995 until his ...

,

Prime Minister of Ethiopia The Prime Minister of Ethiopia is the head of government and Chief Executive of Ethiopia. Ethiopia is a parliamentary republic with a Prime Minister as head of the government and the Commander-in-Chief of the Ethiopian Armed Forces. The Pri ...

(1995–2012) * **President –

Ali Bongo Ondimba Ali Bongo Ondimba (born Alain Bernard Bongo; 9 February 1959),"Bongo Ali", ''Gabon: Les hommes de pouvoir'', number 4Africa Intelligence 5 March 2002 . sometimes known as Ali Bongo, is a Gabonese politician who has been the third president of Ga ...

,

President of Gabon The president of Gabon is the head of state of Gabon. A total of three people have served as president (not counting two acting presidents) since the post was formed in 1960. Description of the office Election The president of the republic is ...

(2009–present) **Prime Minister –

Paul Biyoghé Mba Paul Biyoghé Mba (born 18 April 1953)"Gabon : Paul Biyoghe Mba nouveau Pre ...

,

Prime Minister of Gabon The Prime Minister of Gabon (French: ''Premier ministre de la République gabonaise'') is the head of government of Gabon. The position was first created in 1960, upon the country's independence from France, but was soon abolished by a new con ...

(2009–2012) * **President – Yahya Jammeh,

President of the Gambia The president of the Republic of The Gambia is the head of state and head of government of the Gambia. The president leads the executive branch of the government of the Gambia and is the commander-in-chief of the Gambia Armed Forces. The post ...

(1994–2017) * **President –

John Atta Mills John Evans Fiifi Atta Mills (21 July 1944 – 24 July 2012) was a Ghanaian politician and legal scholar who served as President of Ghana from 2009 until his death in 2012. He was inaugurated on 7 January 2009, having defeated the governing party ...

,

President of Ghana The president of the Republic of Ghana is the elected head of state and head of government of Ghana, as well as commander-in-chief of the Ghana Armed Forces. The current president of Ghana is Nana Akufo-Addo, who won the 2020 presidential el ...

(2009–2012) * **President – **#

Sékouba Konaté General Sékouba Konaté ( nqo, ߛߋߞߎߓߊ ߞߏ߬ߣߊ߬ߕߋ; born 6 June 1964) is an officer of the Guinean army who formerly served as the vice president of its military junta, the National Council for Democracy and Development. After attend ...

, Acting President of Guinea (2009–2010) **#

Alpha Condé Alpha Condé (N'Ko: ; born 4 March 1938) is a Guinean politician who served as the fourth president of Guinea from 2010 to 2021. Condé spent decades in opposition to a succession of regimes in Guinea, unsuccessfully running against President L ...

,

President of Guinea This article lists the presidents of Guinea, since the country gained independence from France in 1958 (after rejecting to join the French Community in a constitutional referendum). List Key ;''Political parties'' * * * ;''Other factions'' * ...

(2010–2021) **Prime Minister – **#

Kabiné Komara Kabiné Komara (born 8 March 1950)Qui est Kabinè Komara?

,

Prime Minister of Guinea This article lists the prime ministers of Guinea, since the establishment of the office of Prime Minister in 1972. List Key ;''Political parties'' * * * * ;''Other factions'' * * Officeholders Notes Timeline See also * Guinea ** List ...

(2008–2010) **#

Jean-Marie Doré Jean-Marie Doré (12 June 1938 – 29 January 2016) was a Guinean politician who was the Prime Minister of Guinea from January 2010 until December 2010. Doré, who was the President of the Union for the Progress of Guinea (UPG), was an oppositi ...

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Prime Minister of Guinea This article lists the prime ministers of Guinea, since the establishment of the office of Prime Minister in 1972. List Key ;''Political parties'' * * * * ;''Other factions'' * * Officeholders Notes Timeline See also * Guinea ** List ...

(2010) **#

Mohamed Said Fofana Mohamed Said Fofana (born 1952) was the List of heads of government of Guinea, Prime Minister of Guinea from 2010 to 2015. He was appointed by List of heads of state of Guinea, President Alpha Condé on December 24, 2010. His previous role was dir ...

,

Prime Minister of Guinea This article lists the prime ministers of Guinea, since the establishment of the office of Prime Minister in 1972. List Key ;''Political parties'' * * * * ;''Other factions'' * * Officeholders Notes Timeline See also * Guinea ** List ...

(2010–2015) * **President –

Malam Bacai Sanhá Malam Bacai Sanhá () (5 May 1947 – 9 January 2012) was a Guinea-Bissau politician who was President of Guinea-Bissau from 8 September 2009 until his death on 9 January 2012. A member of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Ca ...

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President of Guinea-Bissau This article lists the presidents of Guinea-Bissau, since the establishment of the office of president in 1973. List of officeholders ;Political parties ;Other factions ;Symbols Notes Timeline Latest election See also * Polit ...

(2009–2012) **Prime Minister –

Carlos Gomes Júnior Carlos Domingos Gomes Júnior (born December 19, 1949)
(in Portuguese). is a Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau This article lists the prime ministers of Guinea-Bissau, since the establishment of the office of prime minister in 1973. Since Guinea-Bissau's declaration of independence from Portugal on 24 September 1974, there have been twenty prime ministe ...

(2009–2012) * **President – **#

Laurent Gbagbo Koudou Laurent Gbagbo
, FPI website . ( President of the Ivory Coast (2000–2011; claimant, 2010–2011) **#

Alassane Ouattara Alassane Dramane Ouattara (; ; born 1 January 1942) is an Ivorian politician who has been President of Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) since 2010. An economist by profession, Ouattara worked for the International Monetary Fund (IMF)President of the Ivory Coast (2010–present) **Prime Minister – ***

Guillaume Soro Guillaume Kigbafori Soro (born 8 May 1972) is an Ivorian politician who was the Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire from April 2007 to March 2012. Prior to his service as Prime Minister, Soro led the Patriotic Movement of Côte d'Ivoire, and late ...

, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2007–2012) ***

Gilbert Aké Gilbert Marie N'gbo Aké (born 1956) is an Ivorian academic and politician. He was named Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire by President Laurent Gbagbo after the latter claimed victory in the disputed 2010 presidential election. Life and career ...

, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (claimant, 2010–2011) * **President – Mwai Kibaki, President of Kenya (2002–2013) **Prime Minister –

Raila Odinga Raila Amolo Odinga (born 7 January 1945) is a Kenyan politician, former Member of Parliament (MP) for Langata and businessman who served as the Prime Minister of Kenya from 2008 to 2013. He is assumed to be the Leader of Opposition in Kenya sin ...

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Prime Minister of Kenya The Prime Minister of Kenya was a post in the Kenyan government. The first Prime Minister of Kenya was Jomo Kenyatta, who became Prime Minister in 1963. In 1964, Kenya became a republic, the post of Prime Minister was abolished and Jomo Kenyat ...

(2008–2013) * **Monarch –

Letsie III Letsie III (born Seeiso Bereng; 17 July 1963) is King of Lesotho. He succeeded his father, Moshoeshoe II, who was forced into exile in 1990. His father was briefly restored in 1995 but died in a car crash in early 1996, and Letsie became king ag ...

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King of Lesotho This article list the monarchs (''Marena'') of Lesotho (also known as Basutoland until 1966). Succession The Succession to the throne of Lesotho is laid down in Chapter V of the African kingdom's constitution. The current King is Letsie III. ...

(1996–present) **Prime Minister – Pakalitha Mosisili,

Prime Minister of Lesotho This is a list of prime ministers of Lesotho () since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Lesotho in 1965, to the present day. A total of seven people have served as Prime Minister of Lesotho (not counting one Acting Prime Minister a ...

(1998–2012) * **President –

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (born Ellen Eugenia Johnson, 29 October 1938) is a Liberian politician who served as the 24th president of Liberia from 2006 to 2018. Sirleaf was the first elected female head of state in Africa. Sirleaf was born in Monro ...

, President of Liberia (2006–2018) * **''De facto'' Head of State – Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011) **''De jure'' Head of State – **# Imbarek Shamekh, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (2009–2010) **# Mohamed Abu al-Qasim al-Zwai, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (2010–2011) **Prime Minister –

Baghdadi Mahmudi Baghdadi Ali Mahmudi ( ar, البغدادي علي المحمودي) (born 1945) is a Libyan politician who was Secretary of the General People's Committee (prime minister) of Libya from 5 March 2006 to as late as 1 September 2011, when he acknowl ...

, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2006–2011) * **''the Third Republic was superseded on 11 December'' **Head of State –

Andry Rajoelina Andry Nirina Rajoelina (Malagasy: ; born 30 May 1974) is a Malagasy politician and businessman who has been the president of Madagascar since 2019. He was previously president of a High Transitional Authority, provisional government from 2009 t ...

, President of the High Transitional Authority of Madagascar (2009–2014) **Prime Minister –

Albert Camille Vital Brigadier General Albert Camille Vital (born 18 July 1952) is a Madagascar, Malagasy Military of Madagascar, Army officer, politician and civil engineer who was Prime Minister of Madagascar from 2009 to 2011. He is the president of the Parti Hiarak ...

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Prime Minister of Madagascar This is a list of prime ministers of Madagascar, since the establishment of the office of chief minister in 1828, during the Merina Kingdom. List of officeholders ;Political parties ;Other factions ;Status See also * Politics ...

(2009–2011) * **President –

Bingu wa Mutharika Bingu wa Mutharika (; born Brightson Webster Ryson Thom; 24 February 1934 – 5 April 2012) was a Malawian politician and economist who was President of Malawi from May 2004 until his death in April 2012. He was also President of the Demo ...

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President of Malawi The president of the Republic of Malawi ( ny, Mtsogoleri wa Dziko la Malawi) is the head of state and head of government of Malawi. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Malawi and is the commander-in-chief of the Malaw ...

(2004–2012) * **President –

Amadou Toumani Touré Amadou Toumani Touré (4 November 19489 November 2020) was a Malian politician. He supervised Mali's first multiparty elections as chairman of the transitional government (1991–1992), and later became the second democratically-elected Presiden ...

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President of Mali This is a list of heads of state of Mali since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of seven people have served as head of state of Mali (excluding three acting presidents). Additionally, two people, ...

(2002–2012) **Prime Minister –

Modibo Sidibé Modibo Sidibé (born 7 November 1952) is a Malian politician who was Prime Minister of Mali from September 2007 to April 2011.Prime Minister of Mali This is a list of prime ministers of Mali since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of seventeen people have served as Prime Minister of Mali (not counting five acting prime ministers). Additionally, ...

(2007–2011) * **President –

Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz ( ar, محمد ولد عبد العزيز ''Muḥammad Wald 'Abd al-'Azīz''; born 20 December 1956) is a former Mauritanian politician who was the 8th President of Mauritania, in office from 2009 to 2019. A career sold ...

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President of Mauritania This is a list of heads of state of Mauritania since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of nine people have served as head of state of Mauritania (not counting one Acting President). Additionally, o ...

(2009–2019) **Prime Minister –

Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf ( ar, مولاي ولد محمد لغظف) (born 1957) served as the Prime Minister of Mauritania from August 2008 until August 2014.Prime Minister of Mauritania This is a list of prime ministers of Mauritania since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Mauritania in 1960 to the present day. A total of sixteen people have served as Prime Minister of Mauritania (not counting one Acting Prime ...

(2008–2014) * **President – Sir

Anerood Jugnauth Sir Anerood Jugnauth, GCSK, PV, (29 March 1930 – 3 June 2021) was a Mauritian politician and barrister who served both as President and Prime Minister of Mauritius. He was Member of Parliament for Piton & Riviere Du Rempart. A central fi ...

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President of Mauritius The president of the Republic of Mauritius (french: président de la République de Maurice) is the head of state of the Republic of Mauritius. Mauritius is a parliamentary republic, and the president functions as a ceremonial figurehead, ele ...

(2003–2012) **Prime Minister –

Navin Ramgoolam Navinchandra Ramgoolam, GCSK, FRCP (born 14 July 1947) is a Mauritian politician who was former Prime Minister of Mauritius from 2005 to 2014 and leader of the Labour Party (Mauritius). He was Leader of the Opposition from 1991 to 1995. He ser ...

,

Prime Minister of Mauritius The prime minister of Mauritius (french: link=no, Premier Ministre de Maurice) is the head of government of Mauritius. He presides over the Cabinet of Ministers, which advises the president of the country and is collectively responsible to the ...

(2005–2014) * (

overseas collectivity The French overseas collectivities (''collectivité d'outre-mer'' or ''COM'') are first-order administrative divisions of France, like the French regions, but have a semi-autonomous status. The COMs include some former French overseas colonies ...

of

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

) **Prefect – Hubert Derache, Prefect of Mayotte (2009–2011) **Head of Government –

Ahmed Attoumani Douchina Ahmed Attoumani Douchina (born January 2, 1955) is a Mahoran politician. Douchina served as the President of the Departmental Council of Mayotte between 20 March 2009 and 3 April 2011, when he was succeeded by Daniel Zaïdani Daniel Zaïdani (bo ...

, President of the General Council of Mayotte (2008–2011) * **Monarch –

Mohammed VI Muhammad VI may refer to: * Muhammad Imaaduddeen VI (1868–1932), sultan of the Maldives from 1893 to 1902 * Mehmed VI (1861–1926), sultan of Ottoman Empire, from 1918 to 1922 * Mohammed VI of Morocco Mohammed VI ( ar, محمد الساد ...

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King of Morocco This is the list of rulers of Morocco, since the establishment of the state in 789. The common and formal titles of these rulers has varied, depending on the time period. Since 1957, the designation King has been used. The present King of Moroc ...

(1999–present) **Prime Minister –

Abbas El Fassi Abbas El Fassi (; ar, عباس الفاسي; born 18 September 1940) was Moroccan politician and businessman, prime minister of Morocco from 19 September 2007 to 29 November 2011. El Fassi, a member of the Istiqlal Party, replaced independent D ...

, Prime Minister of Morocco (2007–2011) ** ( self-declared, partially recognised state) ***President –

Mohamed Abdelaziz Mohamed Abdelaziz can refer to a number of people: * Mohamed Abdelaziz (Sahrawi politician) (1946–2016), President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–2016) *Mohamed Abdelaziz (Libyan politician) Mohamed Abdelaziz is a Libyan polit ...

, President of Western Sahara (1976–2016) ***Prime Minister –

Abdelkader Taleb Omar Abdelkader Taleb Omar ( ar, عبد القادر طالب عمر, ''ʿAbd āl-Qādar Ṭāleb ʿOmar''; born 1951) is a Sahrawi politician currently serving as the ambassador of Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic to Algeria since 17 March 2018 and a f ...

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Prime Minister of Western Sahara The prime minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of government of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), a government in exile based in the Sahrawi refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria. The post of the prime minister has b ...

(2003–2018) * **President –

Armando Guebuza Armando Emílio Guebuza (born 20 January 1943) is a Mozambican politician who was the third President of Mozambique from 2005 to 2015. Career Guebuza, born at Murrupula in Nampula Province, joined the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) at ...

, President of Mozambique (2005–2015) **Prime Minister – **#

Luísa Diogo Luísa Dias Diogo (born 11 April 1958) is a Mozambican politician who served as Prime Minister of Mozambique from February 2004 to January 2010. She replaced Pascoal Mocumbi, who had been Prime Minister for the previous nine years. Before bec ...

, Prime Minister of Mozambique (2004–2010) **# Aires Ali, Prime Minister of Mozambique (2010–2012) * **President –

Hifikepunye Pohamba Hifikepunye Lucas Pohamba (born 18 August 1936) is a Namibian politician who served as the second president of Namibia from 21 March 2005 to 21 March 2015. He won the 2004 presidential election overwhelmingly as the candidate of SWAPO, and wa ...

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President of Namibia The president of the Republic of Namibia is the head of state and the head of government of Namibia. The president directs the executive branch of the Government of Namibia, as chair of the Cabinet and is the commander-in-chief of the armed fo ...

(2005–2015) **Prime Minister –

Nahas Angula Nahas Gideon Angula (born 22 August 1943)Profile on Namibian parliamen ...

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Prime Minister of Namibia The prime minister of the Republic of Namibia is the leader of the Government of Namibia. The prime minister is appointed by the President of Namibia and co-ordinates the work of the Cabinet. They also advise and assist the president in the exe ...

(2005–2012) * **Head of State – **#

Mamadou Tandja Mamadou Tandja (1938 – 24 November 2020) was a Nigerien politician who was President of Niger from 1999 to 2010. He was President of the National Movement for the Development Society (MNSD) from 1991 to 1999 and unsuccessfully ran as the MNS ...

,

President of Niger This is a list of heads of state of Niger since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of ten people have served as head of state of Niger. The current head of state of Niger is the President of the Re ...

(1999–2010) **#

Salou Djibo Lieutenant General Salou Djibo (born 15 April 1965) is a Nigerien Army officer. After President Mamadou Tandja's attempts to remain in power after the end of his term, Djibo led the military coup of 18 February 2010 that ousted Tandja, after w ...

, President of the Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy of Niger (2010–2011) **Prime Minister – **#

Ali Badjo Gamatié Ali Badjo Gamatié is a Nigerien politician and civil servant who served as Prime Minister of Niger from October 2009 to February 2010. He was Minister of Finance from 2000 to 2002 and then served as Vice-Governor of the Central Bank of West Afric ...

, Prime Minister of Niger (2009–2010) **#

Mahamadou Danda Mahamadou Danda (born 25 July 1951Maman Chaïbou, ''Répertoire biographique des personnalités de la classe politique'', volume 2 (2000), page 463 .) is a Nigerien political figure who was appointed as Prime Minister of Niger by the Supreme Coun ...

, Prime Minister of Niger (2010–2011) * **President – **#

Umaru Musa Yar'Adua Umaru Musa Yar'Adua (16 August 19515 May 2010) was a Nigerian politician who, was the President of Nigeria from 2007 to 2010. He was declared the winner of the Nigerian presidential election held on 21 April 2007, and was sworn in on 29 May 2 ...

,

President of Nigeria The president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is the head of state and head of government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Nigeri ...

(2007–2010) **#

Goodluck Jonathan Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan (born 20 November 1957)Lawson Heyford, ''The Source'' (Lagos), 11 December 2006. is a Nigerian politician who served as the President of Nigeria from 2010 to 2015. He lost the 2015 presidential election to fo ...

,

President of Nigeria The president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is the head of state and head of government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Nigeri ...

(2010–2015) * **President –

Paul Kagame Paul Kagame (; born 23 October 1957) is a Rwandan politician and former military officer who is the 4th and current president of Rwanda since 2000. He previously served as a commander of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a Uganda-based rebel ...

,

President of Rwanda This article lists the presidents of Rwanda since the creation of the office in 1961 (during the Rwandan Revolution), to the present day. The president of Rwanda is the head of state and head of executive of the Republic of Rwanda. The presi ...

(2000–present) **Prime Minister –

Bernard Makuza Bernard Makuza (born 30 September 1962) is a Rwandan politician who was Prime Minister of Rwanda from 8 March 2000 to 6 October 2011. He also served as President of the Senate of Rwanda from 14 October 2014 to 17 October 2019. Background Makuza ...

,

Prime Minister of Rwanda This article lists the prime ministers of Rwanda since the formation of the post in 1961 (during the Rwandan Revolution), to the present day. The prime minister of Rwanda is the head of government of the Republic of Rwanda. The prime minister ...

(2000–2011) * (

Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...

of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

) **Governor –

Andrew Gurr Andrew John Gurr (born 23 December 1936) is a contemporary literary scholar who specializes in William Shakespeare and English Renaissance theatre. Life and work Born in Leicester, Gurr was raised in New Zealand, and educated at the Universi ...

,

Governor of Saint Helena The Governor of Saint Helena is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the official advice of His Majesty ...

(2007–2011) * **President – Fradique de Menezes,

President of São Tomé and Príncipe President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

(2003–2011) **Prime Minister – **#

Joaquim Rafael Branco Joaquim Rafael Branco (born 7 September 1953) is a São Toméan politician who was the 16th prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe from 2008 to 2010. He is the President of the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe/Social De ...

,

Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways ...

(2008–2010) **# Patrice Trovoada,

Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways ...

(2010–2012) * **President –

Abdoulaye Wade Abdoulaye Wade (born 29 May 1926)
Encyclopedia of the Nations. Retrieved February 28, ...

, President of Senegal (2000–2012) **Prime Minister – Souleymane Ndéné Ndiaye, Prime Minister of Senegal (2009–2012) * **President – James Michel,

President of Seychelles This article contains a list of presidents of the Republic of Seychelles. Presidents (1976–present) :Notes Timeline Latest election See also *Seychelles ** Politics of Seychelles **List of colonial governors of Seychelles **Vice-Pre ...

(2004–2016) * **President –

Ernest Bai Koroma Ernest Bai Koroma (born 2 October 1953) is a Sierra Leonean politician who served as the fourth President of Sierra Leone from 17 September 2007 to 4 April 2018. Born and raised in Makeni in northern Sierra Leone, Koroma spent more than 24 ...

,

President of Sierra Leone The president of the Republic of Sierra Leone is the head of state and the head of government of Sierra Leone, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. As the head of the executive branch of the Sierra Leone government, the presi ...

(2007–2018) * **President –

Sharif Sheikh Ahmed Sharif Sheikh Ahmed ( so, Shariif Sheekh Axmed, ar, شريف شيخ أحمد; born 25 July 1964) is a Somali politician who served as President of Somalia from 2009 to 2012. He is the founder and leader of Himilo Qaran political party and ...

, President of Somalia (2009–2012) **Prime Minister – **#

Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke (; so, Cumar Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarke, ar, عمر شرماركي) (born 18 June 1960), popularly known as Omar Sharmarke, is a Somali diplomat and politician. From 2009 to 2010, he was the Prime Minister of Soma ...

,

Prime Minister of Somalia This is a list of prime ministers of Somalia. The prime minister of Somalia ( so, Ra'iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya) is the head of government of Somalia. There have been 22 official prime ministers since the office was created in 1956. The first p ...

(2009–2010) **# Abdiwahid Elmi Gonjeh, Acting Prime Minister of Somalia (2010) **#

Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed ( so, Maxaamed Cabdullaahii Maxaamed, ar, محمد عبدالله محمد; born 11 March 1962), also known as Farmaajo, is a Somali politician who served as president of Somalia from 2017 to 2022. He was prime minis ...

,

Prime Minister of Somalia This is a list of prime ministers of Somalia. The prime minister of Somalia ( so, Ra'iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya) is the head of government of Somalia. There have been 22 official prime ministers since the office was created in 1956. The first p ...

(2010–2011) ** ( unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – ***#

Dahir Riyale Kahin Dahir Riyale Kahin ( so, Daahir Riyaale Kaahin, ar, ظاهر ريالي كاهن) (born 12 March 1952) is a Somaliland politician who was President of Somaliland from 2002 to 2010. He previously served as a senior officer in the National Secur ...

,

President of Somaliland The president of Somaliland ( so, Madaxweynaha Somaliland; ar, رئيس جمهورية أرض الصومال, Rayiys jumhuriat 'ard alsuwmal) is the head of state and head of government of Somaliland. The president is also commander-in-chief o ...

(2002–2010) ***#

Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud "Silanyo" ( so, Axmed Maxamed Maxamuud Siilaanyo, ar, احمد محمد محمود سيلانيو) (born 1938) is a Somaliland politician who was President of Somaliland from 2010–2017. He is a long-time member of the g ...

,

President of Somaliland The president of Somaliland ( so, Madaxweynaha Somaliland; ar, رئيس جمهورية أرض الصومال, Rayiys jumhuriat 'ard alsuwmal) is the head of state and head of government of Somaliland. The president is also commander-in-chief o ...

(2010–2017) ** (self-declared autonomous state) ***President –

Abdirahman Farole Abdirahman Mohamud Farole ( so, Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud Faroole; ar, عبد الرحمن محمد; born 1945) is a Somali politician. He served for many years in the government, acting as a governor of the Nugal region of Somalia in the 1990s an ...

, President of Puntland (2009–2014) * **President – Jacob Zuma, President of South Africa (2009–2018) * **President – Omar al-Bashir,

President of Sudan This article lists the heads of state of Sudan since the country's independence in 1956. History of the office Since independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1956, six individuals (and three multi-member sovereignty councils) have served as ...

(1989–2019) * **Monarch –

Mswati III Mswati III (born Makhosetive; 19 April 1968) is the king ( Swazi: Ngwenyama, Ingwenyama yemaSwati) of Eswatini and head of the Swazi royal family. He was born in Manzini in the Protectorate of Swaziland to King Sobhuza II and one of his young ...

,

King of Swaziland iNgwenyama (also ''Ingwenyama'') is the title of the male monarch of Eswatini. In English, the title is sometimes translated as King of Eswatini. The iNgwenyama reigns together with the Ndlovukazi, a spiritual leadership position held by the i ...

(1986–present) **Prime Minister –

Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini Prince Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini (15 May 1942 – 28 September 2018) was a Swazi politician who served as Prime Minister of Eswatini, from 1996 to 2003 and again from October 2008 to September 2018. Career Dlamini was a member of parliamen ...

,

Prime Minister of Swaziland This is a list of prime ministers of Eswatini () since the formation of the post in 1967. Eleven people have been Prime Minister of Eswatini, plus seven acting prime ministers. One person, Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, held two non-consecutive te ...

(2008–2018) * **President –

Jakaya Kikwete Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete (born 7 October 1950) is a Tanzanian politician who was the fourth president of Tanzania, in office from 2005 to 2015. Prior to his election as president, he was the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1995 to 2005 under hi ...

,

President of Tanzania The President of the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania) is the head of state and head of government of the United Republic of Tanzania. The President leads the executive branch of the Government of Tanza ...

(2005–2015) **Prime Minister –

Mizengo Pinda Mizengo Kayanza Peter Pinda (born 12 August 1948) is a Tanzanian CCM politician who was Prime Minister of Tanzania from 2008 to 2015. He was a Member of Parliament from 2000 to 2015. Life and career Pinda was born in the Rukwa Region.

,

Prime Minister of Tanzania The prime minister of Tanzania is the head in the National Assembly of the United Republic of Tanzania. The position is subordinated to the president, who is the actual head of government. The functions and powers of the prime minister are desc ...

(2008–2015) * **President –

Faure Gnassingbé Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé Eyadéma (; born 6 June 1966"Biographie de nouve ...

,

President of Togo This is a list of presidents of Togo since the formation of the post of president in 1960, to the present day. A total of four people have served as president (not counting one acting president and two interim military officeholders). Additiona ...

(2005–present) **Prime Minister –

Gilbert Houngbo Gilbert Fossoun Houngbo (born 4 February 1961) is a Togolese politician and diplomat who was Prime Minister of Togo from September 2008 to July 2012.

,

Prime Minister of Togo This is a list of prime ministers of Togo since the formation of the post of Prime Minister in 1960, to the present day. A total of thirteen people have served as Prime Minister of Togo – twelve men and one woman. Among them, one person, Edem ...

(2008–2012) * **President –

Zine El Abidine Ben Ali Zine El Abidine Ben Ali ( ar, زين العابدين بن علي, translit=Zayn al-'Ābidīn bin 'Alī; 3 September 1936 – 19 September 2019), commonly known as Ben Ali ( ar, بن علي) or Ezzine ( ar, الزين), was a Tunisian politician ...

,

President of Tunisia The president of Tunisia, officially the president of the Tunisian Republic ( ar, رئيس الجمهورية التونسية), is the head of state of Tunisia. Tunisia is a presidential republic, whereby the president is the head of state a ...

(1987–2011) **Prime Minister –

Mohamed Ghannouchi Mohamed Ghannouchi ( ar, محمد الغنوشي ''Muhammad Al-Ghannushi''; born 18 August 1941) is a Tunisian politician who was Prime Minister of Tunisia from 1999 to 2011. Regarded as a technocrat, Ghannouchi was a long-standing figure in the ...

,

Prime Minister of Tunisia The prime minister of Tunisia ( ar, رئيس حكومة تونس, ra’īs ḥukūmat Tūnis) is the head of the executive branch of the government of Tunisia. The prime minister directs the executive branch along with the president and, together ...

(1999–2011) * **President –

Yoweri Museveni Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa (born 15 September 1944) is a Ugandan politician and retired senior military officer who has been the 9th and current President of Uganda since 26 January 1986. Museveni spearheaded rebellions with aid of then ...

,

President of Uganda The president of the Republic of Uganda is the head of state and the head of government of Uganda. The president leads the executive branch of the government of Uganda and is the commander-in-chief of the Uganda People's Defence Force. The ...

(1986–present) **Prime Minister –

Apolo Nsibambi Apolo Robin Nsibambi (25 October 1940 – 28 May 2019) was a Ugandan academic and politician who served as the 8th Prime Minister of Uganda from 5 April 1999 until 24 May 2011, when Amama Mbabazi succeeded him. Early life and education Apolo Ro ...

,

Prime Minister of Uganda The prime minister of Uganda chairs the Cabinet of Uganda, although the president is the effective head of government. Robinah Nabbanja has been the prime minister since 21 June 2021. The post of Prime Minister was created for the first time in ...

(1999–2011) * **President –

Rupiah Banda Rupiah Bwezani Banda (19 February 1937 – 11 March 2022) was a Zambian politician who served as the fourth president of Zambia from 2008 to 2011, taking over from Levy Mwanawasa, who died as the sitting president. Banda was an active participan ...

,

President of Zambia The president of Zambia is the head of state and the head of government of Zambia. The office was first held by Kenneth Kaunda following independence in 1964. Since 1991, when Kaunda left the presidency, the office has been held by seven othe ...

(2008–2011) * **President –

Robert Mugabe Robert Gabriel Mugabe (; ; 21 February 1924 – 6 September 2019) was a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who served as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987 and then as President from 1987 to 2017. He served as Leader of the ...

,

President of Zimbabwe The president of Zimbabwe is the head of state of Zimbabwe and head of the executive branch of the government of Zimbabwe. The president chairs the national cabinet and is the chief commanding authority of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces. The i ...

(1987–2017) **Prime Minister –

Morgan Tsvangirai Morgan Richard Tsvangirai (; ; 10 March 1952 – 14 February 2018) was a Zimbabwean politician who was Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 2009 to 2013. He was President of the Movement for Democratic Change, and later the Movement for Democratic ...

,

Prime Minister of Zimbabwe The prime minister of Zimbabwe was a political office in the government of Zimbabwe that existed on two occasions. The first person to hold the position was Robert Mugabe from 1980 to 1987 following independence from the United Kingdom. He to ...

(2009–2013)

Asia

* **President –

Hamid Karzai Hamid Karzai (; Pashto/ fa, حامد کرزی, , ; born 24 December 1957) is an Afghan statesman who served as the fourth president of Afghanistan from July 2002 to September 2014, including as the first elected president of the Islamic Repub ...

,

President of Afghanistan The president of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan was constitutionally the head of state and head of government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–2021) and Commander-in-Chief of the Afghan Armed Forces. On 15 August 2021, as th ...

(2002–2014) * **Monarch – Sheikh

Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Hamad bin Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa ( ar, حمد بن عيسى بن سلمان آل خليفة '; 28 January 1950) is King of Bahrain since 14 February 2002, after ruling as Emir of Bahrain from 6 March 1999. He is the son of Isa bin Salm ...

,

King of Bahrain The King of the Kingdom of Bahrain ( ar, ملك مملكة البحرين) is the monarch and head of state of Bahrain. The House of Khalifa has been the ruling family since 1783. Between 1783 and 1971, the Bahraini monarch held the title of Hak ...

(1999–present) **Prime Minister – Prince

Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa ( ar, خليفة بن سلمان آل خليفة) (24 November 1935 – 11 November 2020) was a Bahraini royal and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Bahrain from 10 January 1970 until his death in 202 ...

, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–2020) * **President –

Zillur Rahman Mohammed Zillur Rahman (9 March 1929 – 20 March 2013) was the President of Bangladesh from 2009 to 2013. He was also a senior presidium member of the Awami League. He is the third president of Bangladesh, after Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Ziau ...

,

President of Bangladesh The president of Bangladesh ( bn, বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি — ) officially the President of the People's Republic of Bangladesh ( bn, গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশে ...

(2009–2013) **Prime Minister –

Sheikh Hasina Sheikh Hasina Wazed (''née'' Sheikh Hasina ; ; bn, শেখ হাসিনা ওয়াজেদ, Shēkh Hasinā, , born 28 September 1947) is a Bangladeshi politician who has served as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh since January 2 ...

,

Prime Minister of Bangladesh The Prime Minister of Bangladesh ( bn, বাংলাদেশের প্রধানমন্ত্রী, translit=Bangladesher Prodhanmontri), officially Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh ( bn, গণপ্রজা� ...

(2009–present) * **Monarch –

Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck ( dz, འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་, ; born 21 February 1980) is the Druk Gyalpo (Dzongkha: Dragon King) of the Kingdom of Bhutan. After his ...

,

King of Bhutan The Druk Gyalpo (; 'Dragon King') is the head of state of the Kingdom of Bhutan. In the Dzongkha language, Bhutan is known as ''Drukyul'' which translates as "The Land of the Thunder Dragon". Thus, while kings of Bhutan are known as ''Druk ...

(2006–present) **Prime Minister –

Jigme Thinley ''Lyonpo'' Jigme Yoser Thinley ( Dzongkha: འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་འཕྲིན་ལས་; Wylie:'' 'Jigs-med 'Od-zer 'Phrin-las'') (born 9 September 1952) is a Bhutanese politician who was Prime Minister of B ...

, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2008–2013) * **Monarch – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present) **Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah,

Prime Minister of Brunei The prime minister of Brunei ( ms, Perdana Menteri Negara Brunei Darussalam) is the head of government of Brunei. Concurrently, the title is held by the sultan of Brunei, who is also the head of state of the country.Norodom Sihamoni, King of Cambodia (2004–present) **Prime Minister –

Hun Sen Hun Sen (; km, ហ៊ុន សែន, ; born 5 August 1952) is a Cambodian politician and former military commander who has served as the prime minister of Cambodia since 1985. He is the longest-serving head of government of Cambodia, and ...

, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–present) * **Communist Party Leader – Hu Jintao,

General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party The general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party () is the head of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Since 1989, the CCP general secretary has been the paramount leader ...

(2002–2012) **President – Hu Jintao, President of China (2003–2013) **Premier –

Wen Jiabao Wen Jiabao (born 15 September 1942) is a retired Chinese politician who served as the Premier of the State Council from 2003 to 2013. In his capacity as head of government, Wen was regarded as the leading figure behind China's economic polic ...

, Premier of the State Council of China (2003–2013) * **President –

José Ramos-Horta José Manuel Ramos-Horta (; born 26 December 1949) is an East Timorese politician currently serving as president of East Timor since May 2022. He previously served as president from 20 May 2007 to 20 May 2012. Previously he was Minister of For ...

,

President of East Timor The president of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste ( pt, Presidente da República Democrática de Timor-Leste; tet, Prezidente Republika Demokratika Timor-Leste) is the head of state of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste. The executiv ...

(2007–2012) **Prime Minister –

Xanana Gusmão José Alexandre "Xanana" Gusmão (; born 20 June 1946) is an East Timorese politician. A former rebel, he was the third President of the independent East Timor, serving from 2002 to 2007. He then became its fourth prime minister, serving from ...

,

Prime Minister of East Timor , insignia = Coat of arms of East Timor.svg , insigniasize = 125px , insigniacaption = Coat of arms of East Timor , flag = , flagsize = , flagborder = ...

(2007–2015) * **President –

Pratibha Patil Prathibha DeviSingh Patil (born 19 December 1934) is an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the 12th president of India spanning from 2007 to 2012. She is the first woman to become the president of India. A member of the Indian National ...

,

President of India The president of India ( IAST: ) is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Mur ...

(2007–2012) **Prime Minister – Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India (2004–2014) * **President – Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono,

President of Indonesia The President of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Presiden Republik Indonesia) is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president leads the executive branch of the Indonesian government and i ...

(2004–2014) * **Supreme Leader – Ayatollah Ali Khamenei,

Supreme Leader of Iran The Supreme Leader of Iran ( fa, رهبر ایران, rahbar-e irān) is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Supreme Leader directs the executive system and judicial system of the Islamic theocratic government and is the co ...

(1989–present) **President – Mahmoud Ahmadinejad,

President of Iran The president of Iran ( fa, رئیس‌جمهور ایران, Rayis Jomhur-e Irān) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The president is the second highest-ranking official of Iran after the Supreme Leader. The president ...

(2005–2013) * **Head of State – **#

Presidency Council of Iraq The presidency council of Iraq was an entity that operated under the auspices of the "transitional provisions" of the Constitution of Iraq and previously under the Transitional Administrative Law. The presidency council functioned in the role of ...

**#*Members –

Jalal Talabani Jalal Talabani ( ku, مام جەلال تاڵەبانی, translit=Celal Talebanî; ar, جلال طالباني ; 1933 – 3 October 2017) was an Iraqi Kurdish politician who served as the sixth president of Iraq from 2006 to 2014, as well as ...

(2006–2010;

President of Iraq The president of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Con ...

, 2006–2010), and

Adil Abdul-Mahdi Adil Abdul-Mahdi al-Muntafiki ( ar, عادل عبد المهدي المنتفكي, born 1 January 1942) is an Iraqi politician who served as Prime Minister of Iraq from October 2018 until May 2020, hundreds of protestors of ''Tishreen revolutio ...

and

Tariq al-Hashimi Tariq al-Hashimi ( ar, طَارِق الْهَاشِمِي, Târık el-Hâşimî; born 1942) is an Iraqi politician who served as the general secretary of the Iraqi Islamic Party (IIP) until May 2009. He served as the Vice President of Iraq from ...

(2006–2010) **#

Jalal Talabani Jalal Talabani ( ku, مام جەلال تاڵەبانی, translit=Celal Talebanî; ar, جلال طالباني ; 1933 – 3 October 2017) was an Iraqi Kurdish politician who served as the sixth president of Iraq from 2006 to 2014, as well as ...

,

President of Iraq The president of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Con ...

(2010–2014) **Prime Minister –

Nouri al-Maliki Nouri Kamil Muhammad-Hasan al-Maliki ( ar, نوري المالكي; born 20 June 1950), also known as Jawad al-Maliki (), is secretary-general of the Islamic Dawa Party and was the prime minister of Iraq from 2006 to 2014 and the vice president ...

, Prime Minister of Iraq (2006–2014) * **President – Shimon Peres,

President of Israel The president of the State of Israel ( he, נְשִׂיא מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Nesi Medinat Yisra'el, or he, נְשִׂיא הַמְדִינָה, Nesi HaMedina, President of the State) is the head of state of Israel. The posi ...

(2007–2014) **Prime Minister –

Benjamin Netanyahu Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu (; ; born 21 October 1949) is an Israeli politician who served as the ninth prime minister of Israel from 1996 to 1999 and again from 2009 to 2021. He is currently serving as Leader of the Opposition and Chairman of ...

,

Prime Minister of Israel The prime minister of Israel ( he, רֹאשׁ הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה, Rosh HaMemshala, Head of the Government, Hebrew acronym: he2, רה״מ; ar, رئيس الحكومة, ''Ra'īs al-Ḥukūma'') is the head of government and chief exec ...

(2009–2021) ** ( non-state administrative authority) ***President – Mahmoud Abbas, President of the Palestinian National Authority (in the West Bank) (2005–present) ***Prime Minister –

Salam Fayyad Salam Fayyad ( ar, سلام فياض, ; born 1951 or 12 April 1952) is a Jordanian-Palestinian politician and former Prime Minister of the Palestinian Authority and Finance Minister. He was Finance Minister from June 2002 to November 2005 and ...

, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (in the West Bank) (2007–2013) ***

Gaza Strip The Gaza Strip (;The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p.761 "Gaza Strip /'gɑːzə/ a strip of territory under the control of the Palestinian National Authority and Hamas, on the SE Mediterranean coast including the town of Gaza.. ...

(rebelling against the Palestinian National Authority, in the West Bank) ****President –

Aziz Duwaik Aziz Dweik ( ; ar, عزيز دويك ) (born January 12, 1948) is the Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) since his election to that post on 18 January 2006. Dweik, as speaker of the PLC, is recognized by many Palestinians incl ...

, Acting President of the Palestinian National Authority (in the Gaza Strip) (2009–2014) ****Prime Minister –

Ismail Haniyeh Ismail Abdel Salam Ahmed Haniyeh; sometimes transliterated as Haniya, Haniyah, or Hanieh (born 29 January 1962) is a senior political leader of Hamas and formerly one of two disputed Prime Ministers of the Palestinian National Authority. Hani ...

, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (in the Gaza Strip) (2007–2014) * **Monarch –

Akihito is a member of the Imperial House of Japan who reigned as the 125th emperor of Japan from 7 January 1989 until his abdication on 30 April 2019. He presided over the Heisei era, ''Heisei'' being an expression of achieving peace worldwide. B ...

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Emperor of Japan The Emperor of Japan is the monarch and the head of the Imperial Family of Japan. Under the Constitution of Japan, he is defined as the symbol of the Japanese state and the unity of the Japanese people, and his position is derived from "the ...

(1989–2019) **Prime Minister – **#

Yukio Hatoyama is a former Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 16 September 2009 to 8 June 2010. He was the first Prime Minister from the modern Democratic Party of Japan. First elected to the House of Representatives in 1986, Hatoy ...

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Prime Minister of Japan The prime minister of Japan (Japanese: 内閣総理大臣, Hepburn: ''Naikaku Sōri-Daijin'') is the head of government of Japan. The prime minister chairs the Cabinet of Japan and has the ability to select and dismiss its Ministers of Sta ...

(2009–2010) **#

Naoto Kan is a Japanese politician who was Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) from June 2010 to September 2011. Kan was the first Prime Minister since the resignation of Junichiro Koizumi in 2006 to serve for ...

,

Prime Minister of Japan The prime minister of Japan (Japanese: 内閣総理大臣, Hepburn: ''Naikaku Sōri-Daijin'') is the head of government of Japan. The prime minister chairs the Cabinet of Japan and has the ability to select and dismiss its Ministers of Sta ...

(2010–2011) * **Monarch –

Abdullah II Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein ( ar, عبدالله الثاني بن الحسين , translit=ʿAbd Allāh aṯ-ṯānī ibn al-Ḥusayn; born 30 January 1962) is King of Jordan, having ascended the throne on 7 February 1999. He is a member of t ...

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King of Jordan The king of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is Jordan's head of state and monarch. He serves as the head of the Jordanian monarchy—the Hashemite dynasty. The king is addressed as His Majesty (). Jordan is a constitutional monarchy. However ...

(1999–present) **Prime Minister –

Samir Rifai Samir Zaid al-Rifai ( ar, سمير زيد الرفاعي) (born 1 July 1966) is a Jordanian politician who was the 38th Prime Minister of Jordan from 14 December 2009 to 9 February 2011. Early life and education Al-Rifai hails from a prominent ...

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Prime Minister of Jordan The prime minister of Jordan is the head of government of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The prime minister is appointed by the king of Jordan, who is then free to form his own Cabinet. The Parliament of Jordan then approves the programs ...

(2009–2011) * **President –

Nursultan Nazarbayev Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev ( kk, Нұрсұлтан Әбішұлы Назарбаев, Nūrsūltan Äbişūlı Nazarbaev, ; born 6 July 1940) is a Kazakh politician and military officer who served as the first President of Kazakhstan, in off ...

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President of Kazakhstan The president of the Republic of Kazakhstan ( kk, Қазақстан Республикасының Президенті, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Prezidentı; russian: Президент Республики Казахстан, Prezident Respu ...

(1990–2019) **Prime Minister –

Karim Massimov Karim Qazhymqanuly Massimov ( kk, Кәрім Қажымқанұлы Мәсімов, ; born 15 June 1965)Prime Minister of Kazakhstan The Prime Minister of Kazakhstan ( Kazakh Cyrillic: Қазақстан Республикасының Премьер-Министрі, Kazakh Latin: Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Premier-Ministrı, ; russian: Премьер-Министр Респ ...

(2007–2012) * **Communist Party Leader – Kim Jong-il,

General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea The general secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (Korean: 조선로동당 총비서) is the head of the Workers' Party of Korea, the ruling party in North Korea, and considered as the supreme leader of North Korea. The general secretary ...

(1997–2011) **''De facto'' Head of State – Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea (1993–2011) **''De jure'' Head of State –

Kim Yong-nam Kim or KIM may refer to: Names * Kim (given name) * Kim (surname) ** Kim (Korean surname) *** Kim family (disambiguation), several dynasties **** Kim family (North Korea), the rulers of North Korea since Kim Il-sung in 1948 ** Kim, Vietnamese ...

, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1998–2019) **Premier – **#

Kim Yong-il Kim Yong-il (; born 2 May 1944) is a North Korean politician who served as the Premier of North Korea from April 2007 to 7 June 2010. He was elected as Premier by the 5th session of the 11th Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) in April 2007, replac ...

, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (2007–2010) **#

Choe Yong-rim Choe Yong-rim (, born 20 November 1930) is a North Korean politician who served as the Premier of North Korea from June 2010 to April 2013 and was a member of the 6th Presidium of the Workers' Party of Korea.

, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (2010–2013) * **President – Lee Myung-bak,

President of South Korea The president of the Republic of Korea (), also known as the president of South Korea (often abbreviated to POTROK or POSK; ), is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Korea. The president leads the State Council, and is ...

(2008–2013) **Prime Minister – **# Chung Un-chan,

Prime Minister of South Korea The prime minister of the Republic of Korea (PMOTROK or PMOSK; ) is the deputy head of government and the second highest political office of South Korea who is appointed by the President of the Republic of Korea, with the National Assembly's app ...

(2009–2010) **# Yoon Jeung-hyun, Acting Prime Minister of South Korea (2010) **#

Kim Hwang-sik Kim Hwang-sik (; born 9 August 1948) is a South Korean lawyer and politician who was the country's Prime Minister from October 2010 to February 2013 under President Lee Myung-bak. He was the former Chairperson of the Board of Audit and Inspect ...

,

Prime Minister of South Korea The prime minister of the Republic of Korea (PMOTROK or PMOSK; ) is the deputy head of government and the second highest political office of South Korea who is appointed by the President of the Republic of Korea, with the National Assembly's app ...

(2010–2013) * **Monarch – Sheikh

Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah ( ar, الشيخ صباح الأحمد الجابر الصباح, translit=ash-Shaykh Sabāh al-ʾAḥmad al-Jābir aṣ-Ṣabāḥ; 16 June 192929 September 2020) was the Emir of Kuwait and Commander of the Kuwai ...

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Emir of Kuwait The Emir of the State of Kuwait is the monarch and head of state of Kuwait, the country's most powerful office. The emirs of Kuwait are members of the Al Sabah dynasty. Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah became the emir of Kuwait on 30 Sep ...

(2006–2020) **Prime Minister – Sheikh

Nasser Al-Sabah Nasser Al-Mohammed Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah ( ar, الشيخ ناصر المحمد الأحمد الجابر الصباح, ash-Shaykh Nāṣir Muḥammad al-ʾAḥmad al-Jābir aṣ-Ṣabāḥ, born 22 December 1940) is a Kuwaiti politician who ...

, Prime Minister of Kuwait (2006–2011) * **President – **#

Kurmanbek Bakiyev Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev (, ''Kurmanbek Saliyevich (Sali Uulu) Bakiyev''; born 1 August 1949) is a Kyrgyz politician who served as the second President of Kyrgyzstan, from 2005 to 2010. Large opposition protests in April 2010 led to the tak ...

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President of Kyrgyzstan The president of Kyrgyzstan, officially the president of the Kyrgyz Republic (russian: Президент Киргизской Республики; ky, Кыргыз Республикасынын Президенти), is the head of state an ...

(2005–2010) **#

Roza Otunbayeva Roza Isakovna Otunbayeva (Kyrgyz: Роза Исаковна (Исак кызы) Отунбаева, Roza Isakovna (Isak kyzy) Otunbayeva; born August 23, 1950) is a Kyrgyz diplomat and politician who served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 7 A ...

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President of Kyrgyzstan The president of Kyrgyzstan, officially the president of the Kyrgyz Republic (russian: Президент Киргизской Республики; ky, Кыргыз Республикасынын Президенти), is the head of state an ...

(2010–2011) **Prime Minister – **# Daniar Usenov,

Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan russian: Председатель Кабинета министров Киргизской Республики , insignia = Emblem of Kyrgyzstan.svg , insigniasize = 125px , insigniacaption = Emblem of Kyrgyzstan , nativename = , image = � ...

(2009–2010) **#

Roza Otunbayeva Roza Isakovna Otunbayeva (Kyrgyz: Роза Исаковна (Исак кызы) Отунбаева, Roza Isakovna (Isak kyzy) Otunbayeva; born August 23, 1950) is a Kyrgyz diplomat and politician who served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 7 A ...

, Acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2010) **#

Almazbek Atambayev Almazbek Sharshen uluu Atambayev ( ky, Алмазбек Шаршен уулу Атамбаев, translit=Almazbek Şarşen uulu Atambayev; born 17 September 1956) is a Kyrgyz politician who served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 1 December 2 ...

,

Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan russian: Председатель Кабинета министров Киргизской Республики , insignia = Emblem of Kyrgyzstan.svg , insigniasize = 125px , insigniacaption = Emblem of Kyrgyzstan , nativename = , image = � ...

(2010–2011) * **Communist Party Leader – Choummaly Sayasone,

General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party is the office of the highest-ranking member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP) and also typically the supreme leader of Laos. Since the party's takeo ...

(2006–2016) **President – Choummaly Sayasone, President of Laos (2006–2016) **Prime Minister – **#

Bouasone Bouphavanh Bouasone Bouphavanh ( Lao: ບົວສອນ ບູບຜາວັນ; born 3 June 1954) is a Laotian politician who was Prime Minister of Laos from 2006 to 2010. He was officially appointed to the office by the National Assembly of Laos on 8 J ...

, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (2006–2010) **#

Thongsing Thammavong Thongsing Thammavong ( Lao: ທອງສິງ ທຳມະວົງ; born 12 April 1944) is a Laotian politician who was the Prime Minister of Laos from 2010 to 2016. He is a member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP) and has been a ...

, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (2010–2016) * **President –

Michel Suleiman Michel Suleiman ( ar, ميشال سليمان ; born 21 November 1948) is a Lebanese Maronite Christian politician who served as President of Lebanon from 2008 to 2014. Before becoming president, he served as commander of the Lebanese Armed Forc ...

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President of Lebanon The President of the Lebanese Republic ( ar, رئيس الجمهورية اللبنانية, rayiys aljumhuriat allubnania; french: Président de la République Libanaise) is the head of state of Lebanon. The president is elected by the parliame ...

(2008–2014) **Prime Minister –

Saad Hariri Saad El-Din Rafik Al-Hariri ( ar, سعد الدين رفيق الحريري, translit=Saʿd ad-Dīn Rafīq al-Ḥarīrī; born 18 April 1970) is a Lebanese-Saudi politician who served as the prime minister of Lebanon from 2009 to 2011 and 2016 ...

, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (2009–2011) * **Monarch – Tuanku

Mizan Zainal Abidin Al-Wathiqu Billah Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah ( Jawi: ; born 22 January 1962) is the 18th and current Sultan of Terengganu. He served as the 13th Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the constitution ...

, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2006–2011) **Prime Minister – Najib Razak,

Prime Minister of Malaysia The prime minister of Malaysia ( ms, Perdana Menteri Malaysia; ms, ڤردان منتري مليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is the head of government of Malaysia. The prime minister directs the executive branch of the fed ...

(2009–2018) * **President – Mohamed Nasheed,

President of the Maldives The president of the Maldives ( dv, ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ރައީސުލްޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ) is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Maldives and the commander-in-chief of the Maldives National Defence Fo ...

(2008–2012) * **President –

Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj (, ''Cahiagín Elbegdorj'' ; also referred to as Mongolyin Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj and Tsakhia Elbegdorj; born 30 March 1963) is a Mongolian politician who served as President of Mongolia from 2009 to 2017. He previously ser ...

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President of Mongolia The president of Mongolia ( mn, Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгч, ''Mongol Ulsyn Yerönkhiilögch'') is the executive head of state of Mongolia.Montsame News Agency. ''Mongolia''. 2006, , p. 42 The current president is Ukhnaagiin ...

(2009–2017) **Prime Minister –

Sükhbaataryn Batbold Sükhbaataryn Batbold ( mn, Сүхбаатарын Батболд, born June 24, 1963) is a prominent Mongolian political figure and leader, who was Prime Minister of Mongolia from 2009 to 2012, as well as Chairman of the Mongolian People's Part ...

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Prime Minister of Mongolia The Prime Minister of Mongolia () is the head of government of Mongolia and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Mongolian parliament or the State Great Hural, and can be removed by the parliament with a vote of no ...

(2009–2012) * **Head of State –

Than Shwe Than Shwe ( my, သန်းရွှေ, ; born 2 February 1933 or 3 May 1935) is a Burmese strongman politician who was the head of state of Myanmar from 1992 to 2011 as Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC). During this ...

, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar (1992–2011) **Prime Minister –

Thein Sein Thein Sein ( my, သိန်းစိန်; IPA: ; born 20 April 1944) is a Burmese politician and retired general in the Myanmar Army who served as the eighth President of Myanmar from 2011 to 2016. He previously served as Prime Minister ...

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Prime Minister of Myanmar The prime minister of Myanmar is the head of government of Myanmar. The post was re-established in 2021 by the State Administration Council, the country's ruling military junta, to lead its nominally-civilian provisional government. The provis ...

(2007–2011) * **President –

Ram Baran Yadav Ram Baran Yadav ( mai, डा. राम वरण यादव) is a Nepali politician and physician who served as the first president of Nepal from 23 July 2008 to 29 October 2015, following the declaration of a republic in 2008. Previously h ...

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President of Nepal The president of Nepal ( ne, नेपालको राष्ट्रपति, translit=Nēpālakō Rāṣṭrapati) is the head of state of Nepal and the commander-in-chief of the Nepalese Armed Forces. The president is indirectly elected ...

(2008–2015) **Prime Minister –

Madhav Kumar Nepal Madhav Kumar Nepal ( ne, माधवकुमार नेपाल, ; born 6 March 1953), is a Nepalese politician and former Prime Minister of Nepal. He served as Prime Minister of Nepal from 25 May 2009 to 6 February 2011 for nearly two years. ...

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Prime Minister of Nepal The Prime Minister of Nepal ( ne, नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री) is the head of government of Nepal. The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers of Nepal and the chief adviser to the President of ...

(2009–2011) * **Monarch –

Qaboos bin Said al Said Qaboos bin Said Al Said ( ar, قابوس بن سعيد آل سعيد, ; 18 November 1940 – 10 January 2020) was Sultan of Oman from 23 July 1970 until his death in 2020. A fifteenth-generation descendant of the founder of the House of Al Said ...

, Sultan of Oman (1970–present) **Prime Minister –

Qaboos bin Said al Said Qaboos bin Said Al Said ( ar, قابوس بن سعيد آل سعيد, ; 18 November 1940 – 10 January 2020) was Sultan of Oman from 23 July 1970 until his death in 2020. A fifteenth-generation descendant of the founder of the House of Al Said ...

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Prime Minister of Oman The sultan of the Sultanate of Oman is the monarchical head of state and head of government of Oman. It is the most powerful position in the country. The sultans of Oman are members of the Busaid dynasty, which has been the ruling family of ...

(1972–present) * **President –

Asif Ali Zardari Asif Ali Zardari ( ur, ; sd, ; born 26 July 1955) is a Pakistani politician who is the president of Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians and was the co-chairperson of Pakistan People's Party. He served as the 11th president of Pakist ...

, President of Pakistan (2008–2013) **Prime Minister –

Yousaf Raza Gillani Yusuf Raza Gilani ( Urdu: ; born 9 June 1952), is a Pakistani politician who served as 18th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 25 March 2008, until his retroactive disqualification and ouster by the Supreme Court of Pakistan on 26 April 2012. ...

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Prime Minister of Pakistan The prime minister of Pakistan ( ur, , romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen cabinet, despite the president of Pa ...

(2008–2012) * **President – **#

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal Arroyo (, born April 5, 1947), often referred to by her initials GMA, is a Filipino academic and politician serving as one of the House Deputy Speakers since 2022, and previously from 2016 to 2017. She previously ...

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President of the Philippines The president of the Philippines ( fil, Pangulo ng Pilipinas, sometimes referred to as ''Presidente ng Pilipinas'') is the head of state, head of government and chief executive of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of t ...

(2001–2010) **# Benigno Aquino,

President of the Philippines The president of the Philippines ( fil, Pangulo ng Pilipinas, sometimes referred to as ''Presidente ng Pilipinas'') is the head of state, head of government and chief executive of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of t ...

(2010–2016) * **Monarch – Sheikh

Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani ( ar, حمد بن خليفة الثاني; born 1 January 1952) is a member of the ruling Al Thani Qatari royal family. He was the ruling Emir of Qatar from 1995 ...

, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013) **Prime Minister – Sheikh

Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber bin Mohammed bin Thani Al Thani ( ar, حمد بن جاسم بن جبر آل ثاني; born 1959), also known informally by his initials HBJ, is a Qatari politician. He was the Prime Minister of Qatar from 3 April ...

, Prime Minister of Qatar (2007–2013) * **Monarch –

Abdullah Abdullah may refer to: * Abdullah (name), a list of people with the given name or surname * Abdullah, Kargı, Turkey, a village * ''Abdullah'' (film), a 1980 Bollywood film directed by Sanjay Khan * '' Abdullah: The Final Witness'', a 2015 Pakis ...

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King of Saudi Arabia The king of Saudi Arabia is the monarchial head of state and ruler of Saudi Arabia who holds absolute power. He is the head of the Saudi Arabian royal family, the House of Saud. The king is called the "Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques" (), a ...

(2005–2015) **Prime Minister –

Abdullah Abdullah may refer to: * Abdullah (name), a list of people with the given name or surname * Abdullah, Kargı, Turkey, a village * ''Abdullah'' (film), a 1980 Bollywood film directed by Sanjay Khan * '' Abdullah: The Final Witness'', a 2015 Pakis ...

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Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia The prime minister of Saudi Arabia is the chair of the Council of Ministers and head of government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Mohammed bin Salman has been Prime Minister since 27 September 2022. The post has always been held by either the K ...

(2005–2015) * **President – S. R. Nathan,

President of Singapore The president of Singapore is the head of state of the Republic of Singapore. The role of the president is to safeguard the reserves and the integrity of the public service. The presidency is largely ceremonial, with the Cabinet led by the prime ...

(1999–2011) **Prime Minister –

Lee Hsien Loong Lee Hsien Loong (; born 10 February 1952) is a Singaporean politician and former brigadier-general who has been serving as Prime Minister of Singapore and Secretary-General of the People's Action Party since 2004. He has been the Member of Par ...

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Prime Minister of Singapore The prime minister of Singapore is the head of government of the Republic of Singapore. The president appoints the prime minister, a Member of Parliament (MP) who in their opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of the majority of ...

(2004–present) * **President – Mahinda Rajapaksa, President of Sri Lanka (2005–2015) **Prime Minister – **#

Ratnasiri Wickremanayake Ratnasiri Wickremanayake ( si, රත්නසිරි වික්‍රමනායක, ta, ரத்னசிறி விக்கிரமநாயக்க; 5 May 1933 – 27 December 2016) was a Sri Lankan politician who was Prime Mi ...

, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2005–2010) **# D. M. Jayaratne, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2010–2015) * **President – Bashar al-Assad,

President of Syria The president of Syria, officially the president of the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic: رئيس سوريا) is the head of state of the Syria, Syrian Arab Republic. They are vested with sweeping powers that may be delegated, at their sole discreti ...

(2000–present) **Prime Minister –

Muhammad Naji al-Otari Muhammad Naji al-Otari ( ar, محمد ناجي عطري also ''Etri'', ''Itri'' and ''Otri'') (born 1944) is a Syrian politician who was Prime Minister of Syria from 2003 to 2011.Prime Minister of Syria (2003–2011) * **President –

Ma Ying-jeou Ma Ying-jeou ( zh, 馬英九, born 13 July 1950) is a Hong Kong-born Taiwanese politician who served as president of the Republic of China from 2008 to 2016. Previously, he served as justice minister from 1993 to 1996 and mayor of Taipei fro ...

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President of Taiwan The president of the Republic of China, now often referred to as the president of Taiwan, is the head of state of the Republic of China (ROC), as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. The position once had au ...

(2008–2016) **Premier –

Wu Den-yih Wu may refer to: States and regions on modern China's territory *Wu (state) (; och, *, italic=yes, links=no), a kingdom during the Spring and Autumn Period 771–476 BCE ** Suzhou or Wu (), its eponymous capital ** Wu County (), a former county i ...

, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (2009–2012) * **President –

Emomali Rahmon Emomali Rahmon (; born Emomali Sharipovich Rahmonov, tg, Эмомалӣ Шарӣпович Раҳмонов, script=Latn, italic=no, Emomalī Sharīpovich Rahmonov; ; born 5 October 1952) has been the 3rd President of Tajikistan since 16 Novem ...

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President of Tajikistan The president of Tajikistan is the head of state and de facto head of government of the Republic of Tajikistan. The president heads the executive branch of the country's federal government and is the supreme commander in chief of the Armed Fo ...

(1992–present) **Prime Minister – Oqil Oqilov,

Prime Minister of Tajikistan The prime minister of Tajikistan is the title held by the head of government of Tajikistan. After the president, the prime minister is second most powerful person of the country. The prime minister coordinates the work of the Cabinet and advise ...

(1999–2013) * **Monarch –

Bhumibol Adulyadej Bhumibol Adulyadej ( th, ภูมิพลอดุลยเดช; ; ; (Sanskrit: ''bhūmi·bala atulya·teja'' - "might of the land, unparalleled brilliance"); 5 December 192713 October 2016), conferred with the title King Bhumibol the Great ...

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King of Thailand The monarchy of Thailand (whose monarch is referred to as the king of Thailand; th, พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย, or historically, king of Siam; th, พระมหากษัตริย์สยาม) refers to the c ...

(1946–2016) **Prime Minister – Abhisit Vejjajiva, Prime Minister of Thailand (2008–2011) * **President –

Abdullah Gül Abdullah Gül (; ; born 29 October 1950) is a Turkish politician who served as the 11th President of Turkey, in office from 2007 to 2014. He previously served for four months as Prime Minister from 2002 to 2003, and concurrently served as bo ...

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President of Turkey The president of Turkey, officially the president of the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanı), is the head of state and head of government of Turkey. The president directs the executive branch of the national govern ...

(2007–2014) **Prime Minister – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Prime Minister of Turkey (2003–2014) * **President –

Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow (born 29 June 1957), also known as Arkadag (Cyrillic: Аркадаг, "protector"), is a Turkmen politician who served as the second president of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2022. A dentist by profe ...

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President of Turkmenistan The president of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň prezidenti), officially the president and chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan, is the head of state and head of government of Turkmenistan. The president is also the supreme c ...

(2006–2022) * **President – Sheikh

Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan ( ar,  خليفة بن زايد بن سلطان آل نهيان‎; 7 September 1948 – 13 May 2022) was the second president of the United Arab Emirates and the ruler of Abu Dhabi, serving from ...

, President of the United Arab Emirates (2004–present) **Prime Minister – Sheikh

Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum ( ar, محمد بن راشد آل مكتوم, links=no; ; born 15 July 1949) is the vice president, prime minister, and minister of defence of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as well as the ruler of Dubai ...

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Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates The Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates is the head of government of the Federal government of the United Arab Emirates. While not required by the UAE constitution, the practice is that the ruler of Dubai serve as the prime minister and ...

(2006–present) * **President –

Islam Karimov Islam Abduganiyevich Karimov ( uz, Islom Abdugʻaniyevich Karimov / Ислом Абдуғаниевич Каримов, italics=no; russian: link=no, Ислам Абдуганиевич Каримов; 30 January 1938 – 2 September 2016) was t ...

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President of Uzbekistan The president of the Republic of Uzbekistan ( uz, Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Prezidenti, Ўзбекистон Республикасининг Президенти) is the head of state and executive authority in Uzbekistan. The office of Pre ...

(1990–2016) **Prime Minister –

Shavkat Mirziyoyev Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev (Uzbek Latin: ''Shavkat Miromonovich (Miromon o‘g‘li) Mirziyoyev'', Uzbek Cyrillic: Шавкат Миромонович (Миромон ўғли) Мирзиёев ; born 24 July 1957) is an Uzbek politician ...

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Prime Minister of Uzbekistan This is a list of prime ministers of Uzbekistan ( uz, O‘zbekiston bosh vaziri), from the establishment of the office in 1925 as the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Uzbek SSR to the present day. The current prime minister, Abdulla ...

(2003–2016) * **Communist Party Leader –

Nông Đức Mạnh Nông Đức Mạnh (; born 11 September 1940) is a Vietnamese politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the most powerful position in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, from 22 April 2001 to 19 January 2011. ...

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General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam ( vi, Tổng Bí thư Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam), known as First Secretary ( vi, Bí thư Thứ nhất) from 1960 to 1976, is t ...

(2001–2011) **President –

Nguyễn Minh Triết Nguyễn Minh Triết (born 8 October 1942) is a Vietnamese politician who served as the sixth President of Vietnam from 2006 to 2011. He was elected by the National Assembly of Vietnam with 464 votes (94%) in June 2006. Nguyễn Minh Triết w ...

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President of Vietnam The president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Chủ tịch nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam, lit=Chairman of the nation of Socialist Republic of Vietnam) is the head of state of Vietnam, elected by the Vietnam Nat ...

(2006–2011) **Prime Minister –

Nguyễn Tấn Dũng Nguyễn Tấn Dũng (born 17 November 1949) is a Vietnamese politician who served as the Prime Minister of Vietnam from 2006 to 2016. He was confirmed by the National Assembly on 27 June 2006, having been nominated by his predecessor, Phan Vă ...

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Prime Minister of Vietnam The prime minister of Vietnam ( vi, Thủ tướng Việt Nam), officially styled as the Prime Minister of the Government of the Socialist Republic ( vi, Thủ tướng Chính phủ nước Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa), is the head of g ...

(2006–2016) * **President –

Ali Abdullah Saleh Ali Abdullah Saleh al-Ahmar (, ''ʿAlī ʿAbdullāh Ṣāliḥ al-Aḥmar;'' 21 March 1947There is a dispute as to Saleh's date of birth, some saying that it was on 21 March 1942. See: However, by Saleh's own confession, he was born in 1947 al ...

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President of Yemen The president of the Republic of Yemen is the head of state of Yemen. Under the Constitution of Yemen, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces and head of the executive branch of the Yemeni government. As of 7 April 202 ...

(1978–2012) **Prime Minister – Ali Muhammad Mujawar, Prime Minister of Yemen (2007–2011)

Europe

* **President –

Bamir Topi Bamir Myrteza Topi (; born 24 April 1957)CV at Albanian presidency website
. i ...

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President of Albania The president of Albania ( sq, Presidenti i Shqipërisë), officially styled the President of the Republic of Albania ( sq, Presidenti i Republikës së Shqipërisë), is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the military and the representa ...

(2007–2012) **Prime Minister –

Sali Berisha Sali Ram Berisha (; born 15 October 1944) is an Albanian conservative politician and former cardiologist who served as the second President of Albania from 1992 to 1997 and Prime Minister from 2005 to 2013. He is also the current chairman of ...

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Prime Minister of Albania The Prime Minister of Albania ( sq, Kryeministri i Shqipërisë), officially styled Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania ( sq, Kryeministri i Republikës së Shqipërisë), is the head of government of the Republic of Albania and the mo ...

(2005–2013) * **Monarchs – ***French Co-Prince – Nicolas Sarkozy, French Co-prince of Andorra (2007–2012) ****Co-Prince's Representative –

Christian Frémont Christian Frémont (23 April 1942 – 3 August 2014) was the chief of staff for Nicolas Sarkozy. He was also the Representative of the French Co-Prince of Andorra from September 2008 to May 2012. He died of cancer in August 2014. References ...

(2008–2012) ***Episcopal Co-Prince – Archbishop Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (2003–present) ****Co-Prince's Representative – Nemesi Marqués Oste (1993–2012) **Prime Minister –

Jaume Bartumeu Jaume Bartumeu Cassany, GCIH (; born 10 November 1954) is an Andorran lawyer and politician, who served as the prime minister of Andorra from 2009 to 2011. He was a founding member of the Social Democratic Party (PS) in June 2000, in which he hel ...

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Head of Government of Andorra The head of government of the Principality of Andorra (), alternatively known as the Prime Minister of Andorra, is the chief executive of the government of Andorra. They are appointed by the General Council. The position was created in 1982 aft ...

(2009–2011) * **President –

Serzh Sargsyan Serzh Azati Sargsyan ( hy, Սերժ Ազատի Սարգսյան, ; born 30 June 1954)Of ...

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President of Armenia The president of Armenia ( hy, Հայաստանի Նախագահ, Hayastani Nakhagah) is the head of state and the guarantor of independence and territorial integrity of Armenia elected to a single seven-year term by the National Assembly of Arm ...

(2008–2018) **Prime Minister –

Tigran Sargsyan Tigran Sureni Sargsyan ( hy, Տիգրան Սուրենի Սարգսյան, born 29 January 1960) is an Armenian political figure who was Prime Minister of Armenia from 2008 to 2014. Previously he was Chairman of the Central Bank of Armenia from 1 ...

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Prime Minister of Armenia The prime minister of Armenia is the head of government and most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "determine the main directions of policy of the Government, manage the activities of the Gov ...

(2008–2014) * **President –

Heinz Fischer Heinz Fischer Order of Prince Henry, GColIH Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, OMRI Royal Order of the Seraphim, RSerafO Military Order of Saint James of the Sword, GCollSE (; born 9 October 1938) is a former Austrian politician. He took off ...

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Federal President of Austria The president of Austria (german: Bundespräsident der Republik Österreich) is the head of state of the Republic of Austria. Though theoretically entrusted with great power by the Constitution, in practice the president is largely a ceremonial ...

(2004–2016) **Chancellor –

Werner Faymann Werner Faymann (; born 4 May 1960) is an Austrian former politician who was Chancellor of Austria and chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) from 2008 to 2016. On 9 May 2016, he resigned from both positions amid widening critic ...

, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2008–2016) * **President – Ilham Aliyev,

President of Azerbaijan The president of the Republic of Azerbaijan is the head of state of Azerbaijan. The Constitution states that the president is the embodiment of executive power, commander-in-chief, "representative of Azerbaijan in home and foreign policies", ...

(2003–present) **Prime Minister –

Artur Rasizade Artur Tahir oghlu Rasizade ( az, Artur Tahir oğlu Rasizadə; born 26 February 1935) is an Azerbaijani politician who served as the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan from 1996 until 2003, and again from 2003 until 2018. Rasizade was a long-time Communis ...

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Prime Minister of Azerbaijan The prime minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Ali Asadov on 8 October 2019 after the removal of his predecessor, Novruz Mammadov. Due to the central role of the president in the politic ...

(2003–2018) ** ( unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – Bako Sahakyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (2007–2020) ***Prime Minister –

Arayik Harutyunyan Arayik Vladimiri Harutyunyan ( hy, Արայիկ Վլադիմիրի Հարությունյան; born 14 December 1973) is an Armenian politician who has been serving as the President of Artsakh since 2020. He was formerly the 1st State Minister fr ...

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Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh The Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic was the head of government of the unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh Republic between 1992 and 2017. The position of Prime Minister was established in 1992, and was appointed by the head of state—the ...

(2007–2017) * **President –

Alexander Lukashenko Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko (as transliterated from Russian; also transliterated from Belarusian as Alyaksand(a)r Ryhoravich Lukashenka;, ; rus, Александр Григорьевич Лукашенко, Aleksandr Grigoryevich Luk ...

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President of Belarus The president of the Republic of Belarus ( be, Прэзідэнт Рэспублікі Беларусь; russian: Президент Республики Беларусь) is the head of state and head of government of Belarus. The office was cre ...

(1994–present) **Prime Minister – **#

Sergei Sidorsky Sergei Sergeevich Sidorsky ( be, Сярге́й Сярге́евіч Сідо́рскі, tr. ''Syarhey Syarheyevich Sidorski'', ; russian: Серге́й Серге́евич Сидо́рский, tr. ''Sergey Sergeyevich Sidorskiy''; born Mar ...

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Prime Minister of Belarus The prime minister of the Republic of Belarus (; ) is the deputy head of government of Belarus. Until 1991, it was known as the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic as the head of the government of t ...

(2003–2010) **#

Mikhail Myasnikovich Mikhail Vladimirovich Myasnikovich, tr. ''Michail Uladzimiravič Miasnikovič'', ; russian: Михаи́л Влади́мирович Мяснико́вич; born 6 May 1950) is a Belarusian politician who was Prime Minister of Belarus from 2 ...

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Prime Minister of Belarus The prime minister of the Republic of Belarus (; ) is the deputy head of government of Belarus. Until 1991, it was known as the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic as the head of the government of t ...

(2010–2014) * **Monarch – Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–2013) **Prime Minister – Yves Leterme, Prime Minister of Belgium (2009–2011) * **Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina ***Serb Member – Nebojša Radmanović (2006–2014;

Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina The chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the presiding member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which collectively serves as head of state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Željka Cvijanović has been the incumbent office ...

, 2010–2011) ***Bosniak Member – ***#

Haris Silajdžić Haris Silajdžić (; born 1 October 1945) is a Bosnian politician and academic who served as the 5th Bosniak member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2006 to 2010. He was the 3rd Prime Minister of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzeg ...

(2006–2010;

Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina The chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the presiding member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which collectively serves as head of state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Željka Cvijanović has been the incumbent office ...

, 2010) ***#

Bakir Izetbegović Bakir Izetbegović (; born 28 June 1956) is a Bosnian politician who served as the 6th Bosniak member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2010 to 2018. He is the current president of the Party of Democratic Action and member of the ...

(2010–2018) ***Croat Member –

Željko Komšić Željko Komšić (; born 20 January 1964) is a Bosnian politician and diplomat who is the 6th and current Croat member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He is also its current chairman, since 2021. Previously, he was a member of the na ...

(2006–2014;

Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina The chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the presiding member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which collectively serves as head of state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Željka Cvijanović has been the incumbent office ...

, 2009–2010) **Prime Minister –

Nikola Špirić Nikola Špirić (, ; born 4 September 1956) is a Bosnian Serb politician who was the 7th Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 11 January 2007 until 12 January 2012. He was also the Minister of Finance and Treasury ...

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Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina The chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Bosnian/ Croatian: ''Predsjedavajući Vijeća ministara Bosne i Hercegovine'', ) is the head of the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The chairman of the Council of Minist ...

(2007–2012) **High Representative –

Valentin Inzko Valentin Inzko (born 22 May 1949) is an Austrian diplomat who served as the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2009 to 2021. He also served as the European Union Special Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2009 to 201 ...

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High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina The High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, together with the Office of the High Representative (OHR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, were created in 1995 immediately after the signing of the Dayton Agreement which ended the 1992–1995 Bos ...

(2009–2021) * **President –

Georgi Parvanov Georgi Sedefchov Parvanov ( bg, Георги Седефчов Първанов, ) (born 28 June 1957) is a Bulgarian historian and politician who was President of Bulgaria from 2002 to 2012. He was elected after defeating incumbent Petar Sto ...

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President of Bulgaria The president of the Republic of Bulgaria is the head of state of Bulgaria and the commander-in-chief of the Bulgarian Army. The official residence of the president is at Boyana Residence, Sofia. After the completion of the second round of votin ...

(2002–2012) **Prime Minister – Boyko Borisov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2009–2013) * **President – **#

Stjepan Mesić Stjepan "Stipe" Mesić (; born 24 December 1934) is a Croatian lawyer and politician who served as President of Croatia from 2000 to 2010. Before serving two five-year terms as president, he was prime minister of SR Croatia (1990) after the fir ...

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President of Croatia The president of Croatia, officially the President of the Republic of Croatia ( hr, Predsjednik Republike Hrvatske), is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the military and chief representative of the Republic of Croatia both within the ...

(2000–2010) **#

Ivo Josipović Ivo Josipović (; born 28 August 1957) is a Croatian academic, jurist, and politician who served as President of Croatia from 2010 to 2015. Josipović entered politics as a member of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (SKJ), and played a key ...

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President of Croatia The president of Croatia, officially the President of the Republic of Croatia ( hr, Predsjednik Republike Hrvatske), is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the military and chief representative of the Republic of Croatia both within the ...

(2010–2015) **Prime Minister –

Jadranka Kosor Jadranka Kosor (; born 1 July 1953) is a Croatian politician and former journalist who served as Prime Minister of Croatia from 2009 to 2011, having taken office following the sudden resignation of her predecessor Ivo Sanader. Kosor was the fi ...

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Prime Minister of Croatia , type = Head of Government , member_of = , reports_to = Croatian Parliament , appointer = Croatian Parliament , nominator = President of Croatia , termlength = At the pleasure of the parliamentary majority. Parliamentary elections must be h ...

(2009–2011) * **President –

Demetris Christofias Demetris Christofias, also spelled Dimitris Christofias ( el, Δημήτρης Χριστόφιας ; 29 August 1946 – 21 June 2019), was a Cypriot politician who served as the sixth president of Cyprus from 2008 to 2013. Christofias was the Ge ...

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President of Cyprus The president of Cyprus, officially the president of the Republic of Cyprus, is the head of state and the head of government of Cyprus. The office was created in 1960, after Cyprus gained its independence from the United Kingdom. Currently, t ...

(2008–2013) ** ( unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – ***#

Mehmet Ali Talat Mehmet Ali Talat (born 6 July 1952) is a Turkish Cypriot politician who served as the president of Northern Cyprus from 2005 to 2010. Talat was the leader of the social democratic Republican Turkish Party ( tr, Cumhuriyetçi Türk Partisi, CTP) ...

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President of Northern Cyprus The president of Northern Cyprus is the head of state of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Rauf Denktaş was the first and founding president of Northern Cyprus, and retired in 2005. His position was taken over by Mehmet Ali Talat, fo ...

(2005–2010) ***#

Derviş Eroğlu Derviş Eroğlu (born 7 March 1938) is a Turkish Cypriot politician, who served as the president of Northern Cyprus from 2010President of Northern Cyprus The president of Northern Cyprus is the head of state of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Rauf Denktaş was the first and founding president of Northern Cyprus, and retired in 2005. His position was taken over by Mehmet Ali Talat, fo ...

(2010–2015) ***Prime Minister – ***#

Derviş Eroğlu Derviş Eroğlu (born 7 March 1938) is a Turkish Cypriot politician, who served as the president of Northern Cyprus from 2010Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic. The president is head of state and the prime minister head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive p ...

(2009–2010) ***#

Hüseyin Özgürgün Hüseyin Özgürgün (born 1965) is a Turkish Cypriot politician and a former Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus. He is the current leader of the National Unity Party (UBP). He was formerly the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkish Republic of ...

, Acting Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2010) ***#

İrsen Küçük İrsen Küçük (1940 – 10 March 2019) was a Turkish Cypriot politician who was Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus from 2010 to 2013. He was the nephew of the Republic of Cyprus's first vice-president, Fazıl Küçük. Early life and education ...

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Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic. The president is head of state and the prime minister head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive p ...

(2010–2013) * **President –

Václav Klaus Václav Klaus (; born 19 June 1941) is a Czech economist and politician who served as the second president of the Czech Republic from 2003 to 2013. From July 1992 until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in January 1993, he served as the second ...

, President of the Czech Republic (2003–2013) **Prime Minister – **# Jan Fischer, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2009–2010) **#

Petr Nečas Petr Nečas (; born 19 November 1964) is a Czech former politician who served as the prime minister of the Czech Republic and leader of the Civic Democratic Party from 2010 to 2013, and as Member of the Chamber of Deputies (MP) from 1993 to 2013 ...

, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2010–2013) * **Monarch –

Margrethe II Margrethe II (; Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid, born 16 April 1940) is Queen of Denmark. Having reigned as Denmark's monarch for over 50 years, she is Europe's longest-serving current head of state and the world's only incumbent fema ...

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Queen of Denmark The monarchy of Denmark is a constitutional institution and a historic office of the Kingdom of Denmark. The Kingdom includes Denmark proper and the autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland. The Kingdom of Denmark was a ...

(1972–present) **Prime Minister –

Lars Løkke Rasmussen Lars Løkke Rasmussen (; born 15 May 1964) is a Danish politician who has served as Minister of Foreign Affairs since 2022. He previously served as the 25th Prime Minister of Denmark from 2009 to 2011 and again from 2015 to 2019. He was the le ...

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Prime Minister of Denmark The prime minister of Denmark ( da, Danmarks statsminister, fo, Forsætisráðharri, kl, Ministeriuneq) is the head of government in the Kingdom of Denmark comprising the three constituent countries: Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Island ...

(2009–2011) * **President –

Toomas Hendrik Ilves Toomas Hendrik Ilves (; born 26 December 1953) is an Estonian politician who served as the fourth president of Estonia from 2006 until 2016. Ilves worked as a diplomat and journalist, and he was the leader of the Social Democratic Party in the ...

, President of Estonia (2006–2016) **Prime Minister –

Andrus Ansip Andrus Ansip (; born 1 October 1956) is an Estonian politician, a member of the European Parliament, the former European Commissioner for Digital Single Market and Vice President of the European Commission, in office from 2014 until 2019. Previo ...

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Prime Minister of Estonia The Prime Minister of Estonia (Estonian: ''peaminister'') is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is nominated by the president after appropriate consultations with the parliamentary factions and confirmed by th ...

(2005–2014) * **President –

Tarja Halonen Tarja Kaarina Halonen (; born 24 December 1943) is a Finnish politician who served as the 11th president of Finland, and the first woman to hold the position, from 2000 to 2012. She first rose to prominence as a lawyer with the Central Organisa ...

, President of Finland (2000–2012) **Prime Minister – **#

Matti Vanhanen Matti Taneli Vanhanen (; born 4 November 1955) is a Finnish politician who served as Prime Minister of Finland from 2003 to 2010. He was also Chairman of the Centre Party and President of the European Council in 2006. In his earlier career, he ...

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Prime Minister of Finland The prime minister of Finland ( fi, Suomen pääministeri; ) is the leader of the Finnish Government. The prime minister and their cabinet exercise executive authority in the state. The prime minister is formally Finnish order of precedence, r ...

(2003–2010) **# Mari Kiviniemi,

Prime Minister of Finland The prime minister of Finland ( fi, Suomen pääministeri; ) is the leader of the Finnish Government. The prime minister and their cabinet exercise executive authority in the state. The prime minister is formally Finnish order of precedence, r ...

(2010–2011) * **President – Nicolas Sarkozy,

President of France The president of France, officially the president of the French Republic (french: Président de la République française), is the executive head of state of France, and the commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces. As the presidency i ...

(2007–2012) **Prime Minister –

François Fillon François Charles Armand Fillon (; born 4 March 1954) is a retired French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 2007 to 2012 under President Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the nominee of the Republicans (previously known as the Union ...

, Prime Minister of France (2007–2012) * **President –

Mikheil Saakashvili Mikheil Saakashvili ( ka, მიხეილ სააკაშვილი ; uk, Міхеіл Саакашвілі ; born 21 December 1967) is a Georgian and Ukrainian politician and jurist.

, President of Georgia (2008–2013) **Prime Minister –

Nika Gilauri Nikoloz "Nika" Gilauri ( ka, ნიკოლოზ ��იკაგილაური, ; born 14 February 1975) is a Georgian politician who was 8th Prime Minister of Georgia from 6 February 2009 to 30 June 2012. He had served as Minister for Ener ...

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Prime Minister of Georgia The prime minister of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს პრემიერ-მინისტრი, tr) is the head of government and chief executive of Georgia. In Georgia, the president is a ceremonial head of state and mai ...

(2009–2012) ** ( partially recognised, secessionist state) ***President –

Sergei Bagapsh Sergei Uasyl-ipa Bagapsh, ka, სერგეი ბაგაფში, russian: Сергей Васильевич Багапш, translit=Sergey Vasilyevich Bagapsh (4 March 1949 – 29 May 2011) was an Abkhaz politician who served as th ...

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President of Abkhazia The position of president of Abkhazia was created in 1994. Before the office of president was created the head of state position was known as the chairman of Parliament between 1992 and the creation of the 1994 constitution. Before the position ...

(2005–2011) ***Prime Minister – ***# Aleksander Ankvab,

Prime Minister of Abkhazia The prime minister of Abkhazia is the ''de facto'' head of government of the partially recognized Republic of Abkhazia, that is ''de jure'' part of Georgia. History Government of President Vladislav Ardzinba While the presidency was held by ...

(2005–2010) ***#

Sergei Shamba Sergei Shamba ( ab, Сергеи Шамба, ka, სერგეი შამბა) is a senior politician from Abkhazia. He is currently a member of the People's Assembly of Abkhazia and Chairman of United Abkhazia. He was Prime Minister of A ...

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Prime Minister of Abkhazia The prime minister of Abkhazia is the ''de facto'' head of government of the partially recognized Republic of Abkhazia, that is ''de jure'' part of Georgia. History Government of President Vladislav Ardzinba While the presidency was held by ...

(2010–2011) ** ( partially recognised, secessionist state) ***President –

Eduard Kokoity Eduard Dzhabeyevich Kokoyty ( os, Кокойты Джабейы фырт Эдуард, Kokojty Ĝabejy fyrt Edward; born 31 October 1964) is an Ossetian politician who served as President of the partially recognized state of South Ossetia. His t ...

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President of South Ossetia The president of the Republic of South Ossetia ( os, Хуссар Ирыстоны президент, russian: Президент Южной Осетии) is the ''de facto'' head of state of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia ...

(2001–2011) ***Prime Minister – Vadim Brovtsev,

Prime Minister of South Ossetia The Prime Minister of the Republic of South Ossetia, officially known as the Chairman of the Government (), is the ''de facto'' head of government of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia that is ''de jure'' part of Georgia. This ...

(2009–2012) * **President – **#

Horst Köhler Horst Köhler (; born 22 February 1943) is a German politician who served as President of Germany from 2004 to 2010. As the candidate of the two Christian Democratic sister parties, the CDU (of which he is a member) and the CSU, as well as the ...

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Federal President of Germany The president of Germany, officially the Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany (german: link=no, Bundespräsident der Bundesrepublik Deutschland),The official title within Germany is ', with ' being added in international corres ...

(2004–2010) **# Jens Böhrnsen, Acting Federal President of Germany (2010) **#

Christian Wulff Christian Wilhelm Walter Wulff (; born 1959) is a retired German politician and lawyer who served as President of Germany from 2010 to 2012. A member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), he previously served as minister president of the ...

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Federal President of Germany The president of Germany, officially the Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany (german: link=no, Bundespräsident der Bundesrepublik Deutschland),The official title within Germany is ', with ' being added in international corres ...

(2010–2012) **Chancellor –

Angela Merkel Angela Dorothea Merkel (; ; born 17 July 1954) is a German former politician and scientist who served as Chancellor of Germany from 2005 to 2021. A member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), she previously served as Leader of the Opp ...

, Federal Chancellor of Germany (2005–2021) * **President –

Karolos Papoulias Karolos Papoulias ( el, Κάρολος Παπούλιας ; 4 June 1929 – 26 December 2021) was a Greek politician who served as the president of Greece from 2005 to 2015. A member of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), he previously ...

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President of Greece The president of Greece, officially the President of the Hellenic Republic ( el, Πρόεδρος της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, Próedros tis Ellinikís Dimokratías), commonly referred to in Greek as the President of the Rep ...

(2005–2015) **Prime Minister –

George Papandreou George Andreas Papandreou ( el, Γεώργιος Ανδρέας Παπανδρέου, , shortened to ''Giorgos'' () to distinguish him from his grandfather; born 16 June 1952) is a Greek politician who served as Prime Minister of Greece from ...

, Prime Minister of Greece (2009–2011) * **President – **#

László Sólyom László Sólyom ( hu, Sólyom László, ; born 3 January 1942) is a Hungarian political figure, lawyer, and librarian who was President of Hungary from 2005 until 2010. Previously he was Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Hungary f ...

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President of Hungary The president of Hungary, officially the president of the republicUnder the Constitution of Hungary, Basic Law, adopted in 2011, the official name of the state is simply Hungary; Before, the state was called the Republic of Hungary. However, t ...

(2005–2010) **#

Pál Schmitt Pál Schmitt (; born 1942) is a Hungarian Olympic fencer and politician who served as President of Hungary from 2010 until his resignation in 2012, following his academic misconduct controversy. Schmitt was a successful fencer in his ...

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President of Hungary The president of Hungary, officially the president of the republicUnder the Constitution of Hungary, Basic Law, adopted in 2011, the official name of the state is simply Hungary; Before, the state was called the Republic of Hungary. However, t ...

(2010–2012) **Prime Minister – **#

Gordon Bajnai György Gordon Bajnai (; born 5 March 1968) is a Hungarian entrepreneur and economist, who served as the Prime Minister of Hungary from 2009 to 2010. Prior to that, he functioned as Minister of Local Government and Regional Development from 200 ...

,

Prime Minister of Hungary The prime minister of Hungary ( hu, Magyarország miniszterelnöke) is the head of government of Hungary. The prime minister and the Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Parliament, to their political part ...

(2009–2010) **#

Viktor Orbán Viktor Mihály Orbán (; born 31 May 1963) is a Hungarian politician who has served as prime minister of Hungary since 2010, previously holding the office from 1998 to 2002. He has presided over Fidesz since 1993, with a brief break between ...

,

Prime Minister of Hungary The prime minister of Hungary ( hu, Magyarország miniszterelnöke) is the head of government of Hungary. The prime minister and the Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Parliament, to their political part ...

(2010–present) * **President –

Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (; born 14 May 1943) is an Icelandic politician who was the fifth president of Iceland from 1996 to 2016.Official CV. He was previously a member of the Icelandic Parliament for the People's Alliance and served as Minis ...

,

President of Iceland The president of Iceland ( is, Forseti Íslands) is the head of state of Iceland. The incumbent is Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson, who is now in his second term as president, elected in 2016 and re-elected in 2020. Vigdís Finnbogadóttir as ...

(1996–2016) **Prime Minister –

Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir (; born 4 October 1942) is an Icelandic politician, who served as prime minister of Iceland from 2009 to 2013. She became active in the trade union movement, serving as an officer. Elected as an MP from 1978 to 2013, ...

,

Prime Minister of Iceland The prime minister of Iceland ( is, Forsætisráðherra Íslands) is Iceland's head of government. The prime minister is appointed formally by the president and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary suppo ...

(2009–2013) * **President –

Mary McAleese Mary Patricia McAleese ( ; ga, Máire Pádraigín Mhic Ghiolla Íosa; ; born 27 June 1951) is an Irish activist lawyer and former politician who served as the eighth president of Ireland from November 1997 to November 2011. She is an academic ...

,

President of Ireland The president of Ireland ( ga, Uachtarán na hÉireann) is the head of state of Ireland and the supreme commander of the Irish Defence Forces. The president holds office for seven years, and can be elected for a maximum of two terms.Constitu ...

(1997–2011) **Prime Minister –

Brian Cowen Brian Bernard Cowen (born 10 January 1960) is an Irish former politician who served as Taoiseach and Leader of Fianna Fáil from 2008 to 2011. Cowen was elected to Dáil Éireann in 1984, for the constituency of Laois–Offaly and served in a ...

,

Taoiseach of Ireland The Taoiseach is the head of government, or prime minister, of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. The office is appointed by the president of Ireland upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann (the lower house of the Oireachtas, Ireland's national legisl ...

(2008–2011) * **President – Giorgio Napolitano,

President of Italy The president of Italy, officially denoted as president of the Italian Republic ( it, Presidente della Repubblica Italiana) is the head of state of Italy. In that role, the president represents national unity, and guarantees that Italian poli ...

(2006–2015) **Prime Minister –

Silvio Berlusconi Silvio Berlusconi ( ; ; born 29 September 1936) is an Italian media tycoon and politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy in four governments from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies f ...

,

President of the Council of Ministers of Italy The Prime Minister of Italy, officially the President of the Council of Ministers ( it, link=no, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), is the head of government of the Italian Republic. The office of president of the Council of Ministers is ...

(2008–2011) * **President –

Valdis Zatlers Valdis Zatlers (born 22 March 1955) is a Latvian politician and former physician who served as the seventh president of Latvia from 2007 to 2011. He won the Latvian presidential election of 31 May 2007. He became President of Latvia on 8 July 2 ...

, President of Latvia (2007–2011) **Prime Minister –

Valdis Dombrovskis Valdis Dombrovskis (born 5 August 1971) is a Latvian politician serving as Executive Vice President of the European Commission for An Economy that Works for People since 2019 and European Commissioner for Trade since 2020. He previously serve ...

, Prime Minister of Latvia (2009–2014) * **Monarch –

Hans-Adam II Hans-Adam II (Johannes Adam Ferdinand Alois Josef Maria Marco d'Aviano Pius; born 14 February 1945) is the reigning Prince of Liechtenstein, since 1989. He is the son of Prince Franz Joseph II and his wife, Countess Georgina von Wilczek. He a ...

, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present) **Regent – Hereditary Prince

Alois Alois (Latinized ''Aloysius'') is an Old Occitan form of the name Louis. Modern variants include ''Aloïs'' (French), ''Aloys'' (German), ''Alois'' (Czech), '' Alojz'' ( Slovak, Slovenian), ''Alojzy'' ( Polish), ''Aloísio'' (Portuguese, Spanish ...

, Regent of Liechtenstein (2004–present) **Prime Minister –

Klaus Tschütscher Klaus Tschütscher (born 8 July 1967) is a politician of the Principality of Liechtenstein. He was the twelfth Prime Minister of Liechtenstein from 25 March 2009 until being succeeded in this capacity on 27 March 2013. His Ministries were General ...

,

Head of Government of Liechtenstein This is a list of heads of government of Liechtenstein. The current () is Daniel Risch, since 25 March 2021. Head of government Provincial administrator (1861–1921) The () was the title of the head of government from 1861 to 1921. Prime ...

(2009–2013) * **President –

Dalia Grybauskaitė Dalia Grybauskaitė (; born 1 March 1956) is a Lithuanian politician who served as the eighth President of Lithuania from 2009 until 2019. She is the first woman to hold the position and in 2014 she became the first President of Lithuania to be ...

,

President of Lithuania The President of the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublikos Prezidentas) is the head of state of Lithuania. The officeholder has been Gitanas Nausėda since 12 July 2019. Powers The president has somewhat more executive authority th ...

(2009–2019) **Prime Minister – Andrius Kubilius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2008–2012) * **Monarch – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Henri, monarchy of Luxembourg, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present) **Prime Minister – Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013) * **President – Gjorge Ivanov, President of Macedonia (2009–2019) **Prime Minister – Nikola Gruevski, Prime Minister of Macedonia, President of the Government of Macedonia (2006–2016) * **President – George Abela, President of Malta (2009–2014) **Prime Minister – Lawrence Gonzi, Prime Minister of Malta (2004–2013) * **President – **#Mihai Ghimpu, President of Moldova, Acting President of Moldova (2009–2010) **#Vlad Filat, President of Moldova, Acting President of Moldova (2010) **#Marian Lupu, President of Moldova, Acting President of Moldova (2010–2012) **Prime Minister – Vlad Filat, Prime Minister of Moldova (2009–2013) ** (international recognition of Transnistria, unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – Igor Smirnov (politician), Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011) * **Monarch – Albert II, Prince of Monaco, Albert II, monarchy of Monaco, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (2005–present) **Prime Minister – **#Jean-Paul Proust, Minister of State (Monaco), Minister of State of Monaco (2005–2010) **#Michel Roger, Minister of State (Monaco), Minister of State of Monaco (2010–2015) * **President – Filip Vujanović, President of Montenegro (2003–2018) **Prime Minister – **#Milo Đukanović, Prime Minister of Montenegro, President of the Government of Montenegro (2008–2010) **#Igor Lukšić, Prime Minister of Montenegro, President of the Government of Montenegro (2010–2012) * **Monarch – Beatrix of the Netherlands, Beatrix, monarchy of the Netherlands, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013) ** (Constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, constituent country) ***Prime Minister – ***#Jan Peter Balkenende, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2002–2010) ***#Mark Rutte, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2010–present) ** (Constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, constituent country) ***''see '' ** (Constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, constituent country) ***''see '' ** (Constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, constituent country) ***''see '' ** (Constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, constituent country) ***''see '' * **Monarch – Harald V of Norway, Harald V, monarchy of Norway, King of Norway (1991–present) **Prime Minister – Jens Stoltenberg, Prime Minister of Norway (2005–2013) * **President – **#Lech Kaczyński, President of Poland (2005–2010) **#Bronisław Komorowski, Acting President of Poland (2010) **#Bogdan Borusewicz, Acting President of Poland (2010) **#Grzegorz Schetyna, Acting President of Poland (2010) **#Bronisław Komorowski, President of Poland (2010–2015) **Prime Minister – Donald Tusk, Prime Minister of Poland, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2007–2014) * **President – Aníbal Cavaco Silva, President of Portugal (2006–2016) **Prime Minister – José Sócrates, Prime Minister of Portugal (2005–2011) * **President – Traian Băsescu, President of Romania (2004–2014) **Prime Minister – Emil Boc, Prime Minister of Romania (2008–2012) * **President – Dmitry Medvedev, President of Russia (2008–2012) **Prime Minister – Vladimir Putin, Prime Minister of Russia, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2008–2012) * **Captains-Regent – **#Francesco Mussoni and Stefano Palmieri, Captains Regent, Captains Regent of San Marino (2009–2010) **#Marco Conti and Glauco Sansovini, Captains Regent, Captains Regent of San Marino (2010) **#Giovanni Francesco Ugolini and Andrea Zafferani, Captains Regent, Captains Regent of San Marino (2010–2011) * **President – Boris Tadić, President of Serbia (2004–2012) **Prime Minister – Mirko Cvetković, Prime Minister of Serbia, President of the Government of Serbia (2008–2012) ** (international recognition of Kosovo, partially recognised, secessionist state; United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo, under nominal international administration) ***President – ***#Fatmir Sejdiu, President of Kosovo (2006–2010) ***#Jakup Krasniqi, President of Kosovo, Acting President of Kosovo (2010–2011) ***Prime Minister – Hashim Thaçi, Prime Minister of Kosovo (2008–2014) ***UN Special Representative – Lamberto Zannier, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Kosovo, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2008–2011) * **President – Ivan Gašparovič, President of Slovakia (2004–2014) **Prime Minister – **#Robert Fico, Prime Minister of Slovakia (2006–2010) **#Iveta Radičová, Prime Minister of Slovakia (2010–2012) * **President – Danilo Türk, President of Slovenia (2007–2012) **Prime Minister – Borut Pahor, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2008–2012) * **Monarch – Juan Carlos I of Spain, Juan Carlos I, monarchy of Spain, King of Spain (1975–2014) **Prime Minister – José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, Prime Minister of Spain, President of the Government of Spain (2004–2011) * **Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, Carl XVI Gustaf, monarchy of Sweden, King of Sweden (1973–present) **Prime Minister – Fredrik Reinfeldt, Prime Minister of Sweden (2006–2014) * **Council – Swiss Federal Council, Federal Council of Switzerland ***Members – Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010), Micheline Calmy-Rey (2002–2011), Hans-Rudolf Merz (2003–2010), Doris Leuthard (2006–present; President of the Swiss Confederation, President of Switzerland, 2010), Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (2008–2015), Ueli Maurer (2009–present), Didier Burkhalter (2009–present), Johann Schneider-Ammann (2010–present), and Simonetta Sommaruga (2010–present) * **President – **#Viktor Yushchenko, President of Ukraine (2005–2010) **#Viktor Yanukovych, President of Ukraine (2010–2014) **Prime Minister – **#Yulia Tymoshenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2007–2010) **#Oleksandr Turchynov, Prime Minister of Ukraine, Acting Prime Minister of Ukraine (2010) **#Mykola Azarov, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2010–2014) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of the United Kingdom, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present) **Prime Minister – **#Gordon Brown, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2007–2010) **#David Cameron, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2010–2016) ** (Crown dependencies, Crown dependency of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

) ***Lieutenant-Governor – Sir Paul Haddacks, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (2005–2011) ***Chief Minister – Tony Brown (Manx politician), Tony Brown, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (2006–2011) ** (Crown dependencies, Crown dependency of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

) ***Lieutenant-Governor – Sir Fabian Malbon, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (2005–2011) ***Chief Minister – Lyndon Trott, Chief Minister of Guernsey (2008–2012) ** (Crown dependencies, Crown dependency of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

) ***Lieutenant-Governor – Andrew Ridgway, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (2006–2011) ***Chief Minister – Terry Le Sueur, Chief Minister of Jersey (2008–2011) ** (

Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...

of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

) ***Governor – Sir Adrian Johns, Governor of Gibraltar (2009–2013) ***Chief Minister – Peter Caruana, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1996–2011) * **Monarch – Pope Pope Benedict XVI, Benedict XVI, list of sovereigns of Vatican City State, Sovereign of Vatican City (2005–2013) **Head of Government – Cardinal Giovanni Lajolo, President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (2006–2011) **Holy See (legal status of the Holy See, ''sui generis'' subject of public international law) ***Secretary of State – Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, Cardinal Secretary of State (2006–2013)

North America

* (

Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...

of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

) **Governor – Alistair Harrison, Governor of Anguilla (2009–2013) **Chief Minister – **#Osbourne Fleming, Chief Minister of Anguilla (2000–2010) **#Hubert Hughes, Chief Minister of Anguilla (2010–2015) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present) **Governor-General – Dame Louise Lake-Tack, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (2007–2014) **Prime Minister – Baldwin Spencer (politician), Baldwin Spencer, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (2004–2014) * (Constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) **Governor – Fredis Refunjol, Governor of Aruba (2004–2016) **Prime Minister – Mike Eman, Prime Minister of Aruba (2009–present) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of the Bahamas, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present) **Governor-General – **#Arthur Dion Hanna, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2006–2010) **#Sir Arthur Foulkes, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2010–2014) **Prime Minister – Hubert Ingraham, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (2007–2012) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Barbados, Queen of Barbados (1966–2021) **Governor-General – Sir Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011) **Prime Minister – **#David Thompson (Barbadian politician), David Thompson, Prime Minister of Barbados (2008–2010) **#Freundel Stuart, Prime Minister of Barbados (2010–2018) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Belize, Queen of Belize (1981–present) **Governor-General – Sir Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–2021) **Prime Minister – Dean Barrow, Prime Minister of Belize (2008–2020) * (

Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...

of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

) **Governor – Sir Richard Gozney, Governor of Bermuda (2007–2012) **Premier – **#Ewart Brown, Premier of Bermuda (2006–2010) **#Paula Cox, Premier of Bermuda (2010–2012) * (

Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...

of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

) **Governor – **#David Pearey, Governor of the Virgin Islands, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (2006–2010) **#Vivian Inez Archibald, Governor of the Virgin Islands, Acting Governor of the British Virgin Islands (2010) **#William Boyd McCleary, Governor of the Virgin Islands, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (2010–2014) **Premier – Ralph T. O'Neal, Premier of the Virgin Islands, Premier of the British Virgin Islands (2007–2011) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Canada, Queen of Canada (1952–present) **Governor-General – **#Michaëlle Jean, Governor General of Canada (2005–2010) **#David Johnston, Governor General of Canada (2010–2017) **Prime Minister – Stephen Harper, Prime Minister of Canada (2006–2015) * (

Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...

of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

) **Governor – **#Donovan Ebanks, Governor of the Cayman Islands, Acting Governor of the Cayman Islands (2009–2010) **#Duncan Taylor (diplomat), Duncan Taylor, Governor of the Cayman Islands (2010–2013) **Premier – McKeeva Bush, Premier of the Cayman Islands (2009–2012) * **President – **#Óscar Arias, President of Costa Rica (2006–2010) **#Laura Chinchilla, President of Costa Rica (2010–2014) * **Communist Party Leader – *** Fidel Castro, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011) *** Raúl Castro, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, Acting First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (2006–2011) **President – Raúl Castro, President of Cuba, President of the Council of State of Cuba (2008–2018) **Prime Minister – Raúl Castro, Prime Minister of Cuba, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (2008–2018) * (Constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) **''separately became a constituent country, with the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, on 10 October'' **Governor – Frits Goedgedrag, Governor of Curaçao (2010–2012) **Prime Minister – Gerrit Schotte, Prime Minister of Curaçao (2010–2012) * **President – Nicholas Liverpool, President of Dominica (2003–2012) **Prime Minister – Roosevelt Skerrit, Prime Minister of Dominica (2004–present) * **President – Leonel Fernández, President of the Dominican Republic (2004–2012) * **President – Mauricio Funes, President of El Salvador (2009–2014) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Grenada, Queen of Grenada (1974–present) **Governor-General – Sir Carlyle Glean, Governor-General of Grenada (2008–2013) **Prime Minister – Tillman Thomas, Prime Minister of Grenada (2008–2013) * **President – Álvaro Colom, President of Guatemala (2008–2012) * **President – René Préval, President of Haiti (2006–2011) **Prime Minister – Jean-Max Bellerive, Prime Minister of Haiti (2009–2011) * **President – **#Roberto Micheletti, President of Honduras (2009–2010) **#Porfirio Lobo Sosa, President of Honduras (2010–2014) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Jamaica, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present) **Governor-General – Sir Patrick Allen (politician), Patrick Allen, Governor-General of Jamaica (2009–present) **Prime Minister – Bruce Golding, Prime Minister of Jamaica (2007–2011) * **President – Felipe Calderón, President of Mexico (2006–2012) * (

Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...

of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

) **Governor – Peter Waterworth, Governor of Montserrat (2007–2011) **Chief Minister – Reuben Meade, Chief Minister of Montserrat (2009–2014) * (Constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) **''dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, dissolved into both Curaçao and Sint Maarten on 10 October'' **Governor – Frits Goedgedrag, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (2002–2010) **Prime Minister – Emily de Jongh-Elhage, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (2006–2010) * **President – Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua (2007–present) * **President – Ricardo Martinelli, President of Panama (2009–2014) * (

overseas collectivity The French overseas collectivities (''collectivité d'outre-mer'' or ''COM'') are first-order administrative divisions of France, like the French regions, but have a semi-autonomous status. The COMs include some former French overseas colonies ...

of

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

) **Prefect – Jacques Simonnet, Prefect of Saint Barthélemy (2009–2011) **Head of Government – Bruno Magras, Territorial Council of Saint Barthélemy, President of the Territorial Council of Saint Barthélemy (2007–present) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present) **Governor-General – Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–2013) **Prime Minister – Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–2015) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Saint Lucia, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present) **Governor-General – Dame Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–2017) **Prime Minister – Stephenson King, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (2007–2011) * (

overseas collectivity The French overseas collectivities (''collectivité d'outre-mer'' or ''COM'') are first-order administrative divisions of France, like the French regions, but have a semi-autonomous status. The COMs include some former French overseas colonies ...

of

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

) **Prefect – Jacques Simonnet, Prefect of Saint Martin (2009–2011) **Head of Government – Frantz Gumbs, Territorial Council of Saint Martin, President of the Territorial Council of Saint Martin (2009–2012) * (

overseas collectivity The French overseas collectivities (''collectivité d'outre-mer'' or ''COM'') are first-order administrative divisions of France, like the French regions, but have a semi-autonomous status. The COMs include some former French overseas colonies ...

of

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

) **Prefect – Jean-Régis Borius, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2009–2011) **Head of Government – Stéphane Artano, President of the Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2006–2017) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present) **Governor-General – Sir Frederick Ballantyne, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2002–2019) **Prime Minister – Ralph Gonsalves, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001–present) * (Constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) **''separately became a constituent country, with the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, on 10 October'' **Governor – Eugene Holiday, Governor of Sint Maarten (2010–present) **Prime Minister – Sarah Wescot-Williams, Prime Minister of Sint Maarten (2010–2014) * **President – George Maxwell Richards, President of Trinidad and Tobago (2003–2013) **Prime Minister – **#Patrick Manning, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2001–2010) **#Kamla Persad-Bissessar, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2010–2015) * (

Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...

of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

) **Governor – Gordon Wetherell, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2008–2011) * **President – Barack Obama, President of the United States (2009–2017) ** (Commonwealth (U.S. insular area), Commonwealth of the United States) ***Governor – Luis Fortuño, Governor of Puerto Rico (2009–2013) ** (insular area of the United States) ***Governor – John de Jongh, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (2007–2015)

Oceania

* (Territories of the United States, unorganised, territories of the United States, unincorporated territory of the United States) **Governor – Togiola Tulafono, Governor of American Samoa (2003–2013) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Australia, Queen of Australia (1952–present) **Governor-General – Quentin Bryce, Governor-General of Australia (2008–2014) **Prime Minister – **#Kevin Rudd, Prime Minister of Australia (2007–2010) **#Julia Gillard, Prime Minister of Australia (2010–2013) ** (Australian Indian Ocean Territories, external territory of Australia) ***Administrator – Brian Lacy, Administrator of Christmas Island (2009–2012) ***Shire-President – Gordon Thomson (Christmas Island), Gordon Thomson, President of Shire of Christmas Island Shire Council, Shire president of Christmas Island (2003–2011) ** (Australian Indian Ocean Territories, external territory of Australia) ***Administrator – Brian Lacy, Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2009–2012) ***Shire-President – Balmut Pirus, President of the Shire of Cocos Council, Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2009–2011) ** (politics of Norfolk Island#Relationship with Australia, self-governing territory of Australia) ***Administrator – Owen Walsh, Administrator of Norfolk Island (2007–2012) ***Chief Minister – ***#Andre Nobbs, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2007–2010) ***#David Buffett, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2010–2013) * **President – Ratu Epeli Nailatikau, President of Fiji (2009–2015) **Prime Minister – Frank Bainimarama, Prime Minister of Fiji (2007–present) * (

overseas collectivity The French overseas collectivities (''collectivité d'outre-mer'' or ''COM'') are first-order administrative divisions of France, like the French regions, but have a semi-autonomous status. The COMs include some former French overseas colonies ...

of

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

) **High Commissioner – Adolphe Colrat, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2008–2011) **President – Gaston Tong Sang, President of French Polynesia (2009–2011) * (insular area of the United States) **Governor – Felix Perez Camacho, Governor of Guam (2003–2011) * **President – Anote Tong, President of Kiribati (2003–2016) * **President – Jurelang Zedkaia, President of the Marshall Islands (2009–2012) * **President – Manny Mori, President of Micronesia (2007–2015) * **President – Marcus Stephen, President of Nauru (2007–2011) * (French overseas departments and territories#Special collectivity, ''sui generis'' collectivity of

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

) **High Commissioner – **#Yves Dassonville, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2007–2010) **#Thierry Suquet, High Commissioner of New Caledonia, Acting High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2010) **#Albert Dupuy, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2010–2013) **Head of Government – Philippe Gomès, President of the Government of New Caledonia (2009–2011) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of New Zealand, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present) **Governor-General – Sir Anand Satyanand, Governor-General of New Zealand (2006–2011) **Prime Minister – John Key, Prime Minister of New Zealand (2008–2016) ** (associated state of New Zealand) ***Queen's Representative – Sir Frederick Tutu Goodwin, Queen's Representative, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (2001–2013) ***Prime Minister – ***#Jim Marurai, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (2004–2010) ***#Henry Puna, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (2010–2020) ** (associated state of New Zealand) ***Premier – Toke Talagi, Premier of Niue (2008–present) ** (dependent territory of New Zealand) ***Administrator – John Allen (diplomat), John Allen, Administrator of Tokelau, Acting Administrator of Tokelau (2009–2011) ***Head of Government – ***#Foua Toloa, list of heads of government of Tokelau, Head of Government of Tokelau (2009–2010) ***#Kuresa Nasau, list of heads of government of Tokelau, Head of Government of Tokelau (2010–2011) * (Commonwealth (U.S. insular area), Commonwealth of the United States) **Governor – Benigno Fitial, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (2006–2013) * **President – Johnson Toribiong, President of Palau (2009–2013) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Papua New Guinea, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present) **Governor-General – **#Sir Paulias Matane, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2004–2010) **#Jeffrey Nape, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea, Acting Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2010) **#Michael Ogio, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea, Acting Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2010–2011) **Prime Minister – **#Sir Michael Somare, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2002–2010) **#Sam Abal, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, Acting Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2010–2011) * (

Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...

of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

) **Governor – **#George Fergusson (diplomat), George Fergusson, Governor of Pitcairn, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2006–2010) **#Mike Cherrett, Governor of Pitcairn, Acting Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2010) **#Victoria Treadell, Governor of Pitcairn, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2010–2014) **Mayor – Mike Warren (mayor), Mike Warren, Mayor of Pitcairn, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (2008–2013) * **Head of State – Tufuga Efi, O le Ao o le Malo, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa (2007–2017) **Prime Minister – Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa (1998–2021) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of the Solomon Islands, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present) **Governor-General – Sir Frank Kabui, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (2009–2019) **Prime Minister – **#Derek Sikua, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2007–2010) **#Danny Philip, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2010–2011) * **Monarch – George Tupou V, monarchy of Tonga, King of Tonga (2006–2012) **Prime Minister – **#Feleti Sevele, Prime Minister of Tonga (2006–2010) **#Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō, Prime Minister of Tonga (2010–2014) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Tuvalu, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present) **Governor-General – **#Sir Filoimea Telito, Governor-General of Tuvalu (2005–2010) **#Iakoba Italeli, Governor-General of Tuvalu (2010–2019) **Prime Minister – **#Apisai Ielemia, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2006–2010) **#Maatia Toafa, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2010) **#Willy Telavi, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2010–2013) * **President – Iolu Abil, President of Vanuatu (2009–2014) **Prime Minister – **#Edward Natapei, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2008–2010) **#Sato Kilman, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2010–2011) * (

overseas collectivity The French overseas collectivities (''collectivité d'outre-mer'' or ''COM'') are first-order administrative divisions of France, like the French regions, but have a semi-autonomous status. The COMs include some former French overseas colonies ...

of

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

) **Administrator – **#Philippe Paolantoni, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2008–2010) **#Michel Jeanjean, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2010–2013) **Head of Government – **#Victor Brial, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2007–2010) **#Siliako Lauhea, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2010–2011)

South America

* **President – Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, President of Argentina (2007–2015) * **President – Evo Morales, President of Bolivia (2006–2019) * **President – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil (2003–2010) * **President – **#Michelle Bachelet, President of Chile (2006–2010) **#Sebastián Piñera, President of Chile (2010–2014) * **President – **#Álvaro Uribe, President of Colombia (2002–2010) **#Juan Manuel Santos, President of Colombia (2010–2018) * **President – Rafael Correa, President of Ecuador (2007–2017) * (

Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...

of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

) **Governor – **#Alan Huckle, Governor of the Falkland Islands (2006–2010) **#Ric Nye, Governor of the Falkland Islands, Acting Governor of the Falkland Islands (2010) **#Nigel Haywood, Governor of the Falkland Islands (2010–2014) * **President – Bharrat Jagdeo, President of Guyana (1999–2011) **Prime Minister – Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999–2015) * **President – Fernando Lugo, President of Paraguay (2008–2012) * **President – Alan García, President of Peru (2006–2011) **Prime Minister – **#Javier Velásquez, Prime Minister of Peru, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2009–2010) **#José Antonio Chang, Prime Minister of Peru, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2010–2011) * **President – **#Ronald Venetiaan, President of Suriname (2000–2010) **#Dési Bouterse, President of Suriname (2010–2020) * **President – **#Tabaré Vázquez, President of Uruguay (2005–2010) **#José Mujica, President of Uruguay (2010–2015) * **President – Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (2002–2013)

Notes

External links

Rulers
list of rulers throughout time and places
WorldStatesmen
n online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories {{Lists of 21st-century state leaders 2010 in politics, State leaders 2010-related lists, State leaders 2010 in international relations, State leaders Lists of state leaders by year, 2010