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* **President –
Abdelaziz Bouteflika Abdelaziz Bouteflika (; ar, عبد العزيز بوتفليقة, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Būtaflīqa ; 2 March 1937 – 17 September 2021) was an Algerian politician and diplomat who served as President of Algeria from 1999 to his resignation in 2019 ...
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President of Algeria The president of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Algerian People's National Armed Forces. History of the office The Tripoli Program, whi ...
(1999–2019) **Prime Minister –
Ahmed Ouyahia Ahmed Ouyahia ( ar, rtl=yes, أحمد أويحيى, Aḥmad ʾŪyaḥyā; 2 July 1952) is an Algerian politician who was Prime Minister of Algeria four times (1995–98, 2004–2006, 2008–2012, 2017–2019). A career diplomat, he also served as ...
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Prime Minister of Algeria The prime minister of Algeria is the head of government of Algeria. Aymen Benabderrahmane has been the prime minister since 30 June 2021. The prime minister is appointed by the president of Algeria, along with other ministers and members of ...
(2003–2006) * **President –
José Eduardo dos Santos José Eduardo dos Santos (; 28 August 1942 – 8 July 2022) was the president of Angola from 1979 to 2017. As president, dos Santos was also the commander-in-chief of the Angolan Armed Forces (FAA) and president of the People's Movement for ...
, President of Angola (1979–2017) **Prime Minister –
Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos (born 5 March 1950), known as Nandó, is an Angolan politician who was the first vice president of Angola from February 2010 to September 2012. He was the prime minister of Angola from 2002 to 2008 and presid ...
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Prime Minister of Angola The prime minister of Angola was a high government official in Angola re-established by Angola's 1992 constitution with limited powers as head of government. Along with the rest of the Council of Ministers, the prime minister was appointed by ...
(2002–2008) * **President –
Mathieu Kérékou Mathieu Kérékou (; 2 September 1933 – 14 October 2015) was a Beninese politician who served as President of Benin from 1972 to 1991 and again from 1996 to 2006. After seizing power in a military coup, he ruled the country for 19 years, for ...
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President of Benin The president of Benin () is both head of state and head of government in Benin. The Cabinet of Benin is under the authority of the President, and serves to advise and help formulate strategies. It also liaises with ministries and other governme ...
(1996–2006) * **President –
Festus Mogae Festus Gontebanye Mogae (born 21 August 1939) is a Botswana politician and economist who served as the third President of Botswana from 1998 to 2008. He succeeded Quett Masire as President in 1998 and was re-elected in October 2004; after ten y ...
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President of Botswana The president of the Republic of Botswana is the head of state and the head of government of Botswana, as well as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, according to the Constitution of Botswana. The president is elected to a five-year ...
(1998–2008) * **President –
Blaise Compaoré Blaise Compaoré (born 3 February 1951)''Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders'' (2003), page 76–77.
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President of Burkina Faso This is a list of heads of state of Burkina Faso since the Republic of Upper Volta gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of seven people have served as head of state of Upper Volta/Burkina Faso (not counting four ...
(1987–2014) **Prime Minister –
Paramanga Ernest Yonli Paramanga Ernest Yonli (born 31 December 1956 in Tansarga, Tapoa Province) also known as Ernest Paramanga Yonli, is a Burkinabé politician. He was Prime Minister from 6 November 2000 to 3 June 2007 and then President of the Economic and Social ...
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Prime Minister of Burkina Faso This is a list of prime ministers of Burkina Faso since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of the Republic of Upper Volta in 1971 to the present day. A total of fifteen people have served as Prime Minister of Upper Volta/Burkina Faso ...
(2000–2007) * **President – **#
Domitien Ndayizeye Domitien Ndayizeye (born 2 May 1953) is a Burundian politician who was President of Burundi from 2003 to 2005. He succeeded Pierre Buyoya, as president on 30 April 2003, after serving as Buyoya's vice president for 18 months. Ndayizeye remained i ...
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President of Burundi The president of Burundi, officially the President of the Republic (French: ''Président de la République''), is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Burundi. The president is also commander-in-chief of the National Def ...
(2003–2005) **#
Pierre Nkurunziza Pierre Nkurunziza (18 December 19648 June 2020) was a Burundian politician who served as the ninth president of Burundi for almost 15 years from August 2005 until his death in June 2020. A member of the Hutu ethnic group, Nkurunziza taught ph ...
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President of Burundi The president of Burundi, officially the President of the Republic (French: ''Président de la République''), is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Burundi. The president is also commander-in-chief of the National Def ...
(2005–2020) * **President –
Paul Biya Paul Biya (born Paul Barthélemy Biya'a bi Mvondo; 13 February 1933) is a Cameroonian politician who has served as the president of Cameroon since 6 November 1982.
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President of Cameroon The president of Cameroon is the executive head of state and de facto head of government of Cameroon and is the commander in chief of the Cameroon Armed Forces. The authority of the State is exercised both by the President and by the Parliament. ...
(1982–present) **Prime Minister –
Ephraïm Inoni Ephraïm Inoni (born 16 August 1947)Profile at government website< ...
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Prime Minister of Cameroon Under the current Constitution of Cameroon, the Prime Minister of Cameroon is a relatively powerless position. While the Prime Minister is officially appointed to be the head of government, the President retains most of the executive power and c ...
(2004–2009) * **President –
Pedro Pires Pedro de Verona Rodrigues Pires (; born 29 April 1934) is a Cape Verdean politician who served as Prime Minister of Cape Verde from 1975 to 1991, and later as President from 2001 to 2011. Life and career Pires was born in São Filipe, Fogo, Cape ...
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President of Cape Verde President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese f ...
(2001–2011) **Prime Minister –
José Maria Neves José Maria Pereira Neves (; born 28 March 1960) is a Cape Verdean politician who is currently the president of Cape Verde, having previously served as the Prime Minister of Cape Verde from 2001 to 2016. He is a member of the African Party for th ...
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Prime Minister of Cape Verde This article lists the prime ministers of Cape Verde, an island country in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of West Africa, since the establishment of the office of prime minister in 1975. Pedro Pires was the first person to hold the office, ta ...
(2001–2016) * **President – François Bozizé,
President of the Central African Republic President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese f ...
(2003–2013) **Prime Minister – **# Célestin Gaombalet,
Prime Minister of the Central African Republic This article lists the heads of government of the Central African Republic. There have been twenty-five heads of government of the Central African Republic and the Central African Empire. The office of Prime Minister, the head of government, w ...
(2003–2005) **#
Élie Doté Élie Doté (born 9 July 1948) is a Central African politician. He was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from June 2005 to January 2008. Biography Born in Bangui on 9 July 1948, Doté has a doctorate degree in rural economy from the ...
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Prime Minister of the Central African Republic This article lists the heads of government of the Central African Republic. There have been twenty-five heads of government of the Central African Republic and the Central African Empire. The office of Prime Minister, the head of government, w ...
(2005–2008) * **President –
Idriss Déby Idriss Déby Itno ' (18 June 1952 – 20 April 2021) was a Chadian politician and military officer who was the president of Chad from 1990 until his death in 2021. Déby was a member of the Bidayat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. A high-ranki ...
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President of Chad This is a list of heads of state of Chad since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of six people have served as head of state of Chad (not counting two Interim Heads of State). Additionally, one pers ...
(1990–2021) **Prime Minister – **#
Moussa Faki Moussa Faki Mahamat ( ar, موسى فكي محمد ', born 21 June 1960) is a Chadian politician and diplomat who has been the elected Chairperson of the African Union Commission since 14 March 2017. Previously he was Prime Minister of Chad from 2 ...
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Prime Minister of Chad This is a list of prime ministers of Chad since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Chad in 1978 to the present day. A total of eighteen people have served as Prime Minister of Chad (not counting one Acting Prime Minister). Addition ...
(2003–2005) **#
Pascal Yoadimnadji Pascal Yoadimnadji (January 11, 1950 – February 23, 2007) was a Chadian politician. He was Prime Minister of Chad from February 2005 to his death in February 2007.Valery Gottingar, , Chadian government web site, February 23, 2007 . Biography ...
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Prime Minister of Chad This is a list of prime ministers of Chad since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Chad in 1978 to the present day. A total of eighteen people have served as Prime Minister of Chad (not counting one Acting Prime Minister). Addition ...
(2005–2007) * **President –
Azali Assoumani Azali Assoumani ( ar, غزالي عثماني; born 1 January 1959) is a Comorian politician and military officer who has served as President of the Comoros since April 2019. He was also president from 2002 to 2006 and 2016 to February 2019. He ...
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President of the Comoros The following is a list of heads of state of the Comoros, since the country gained independence from France in 1975. List of officeholders Timeline Succession Article 58 of the Comorian Constitution states that "in case of absolute absenc ...
(2002–2006) * **President –
Denis Sassou Nguesso Denis Sassou Nguesso (born 23 November 1943) is a Congolese politician and former military officer. He became president of the Republic of the Congo in 1997. He served a previous term as president from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as ...
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President of the Republic of the Congo This is a list of presidents of the Republic of the Congo since the formation of the post of president in 1960, to the present day. A total of six people have served as President of the Republic of the Congo (not counting one acting/interim h ...
(1997–present) **Prime Minister –
Isidore Mvouba Isidore Mvouba (born 1954John F. Clark and Samuel Decalo, ''Historical Dictionary of Republic of the Congo'', fourth edition (2012), Scarecrow Press, page 305.) is a Congolese politician who was Prime Minister of Congo-Brazzaville from 2005 to ...
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Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo This is a list of prime ministers of the Republic of the Congo since the formation of the post of prime minister in 1963, to the present day. A total of seventeen people have served as Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (not counting ...
(2005–2009) * **President –
Joseph Kabila Joseph Kabila Kabange ( , ; born 4 June 1971) is a Congolese politician who served as President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between January 2001 and January 2019. He took office ten days after the assassination of his father, Pres ...
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President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo The president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: link=no, Président de la République démocratique du Congo, sw, Rais wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, ln, Mokonzi wa Republíki ya Kongó Demokratíki), is the head of state ...
(2001–2019) * **President –
Ismaïl Omar Guelleh Ismaïl Omar Guelleh ( so, Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle ar, إسماعيل عمر جليه) (born 27 November 1947) is the current President of Djibouti. He has been in office since 1999, making him one of the longest-serving rulers in Africa. He is ...
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President of Djibouti This is a list of presidents of Djibouti. Since the establishment of the office of president in 1977, there have been two presidents. The president is both head of state and head of government of Djibouti and the commander-in-chief of the Djibo ...
(1999–present) **Prime Minister –
Dileita Mohamed Dileita Dileita Mohamed Dileita ( aa, Dileita Macammad Dileita, ar, دليطة محمد دليطة) (born 12 March 1959''Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders'' (2003), page 142–143.Prime Minister of Djibouti This is a list of prime ministers of Djibouti. Since the establishment of the office of prime minister in 1977, there have been 6 official prime ministers. The prime minister is the head of government of Djibouti. The current prime minister is A ...
(2001–2013) * **President –
Hosni Mubarak Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak, (; 4 May 1928 – 25 February 2020) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the fourth president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011. Before he entered politics, Mubarak was a career officer in ...
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President of Egypt The president of Egypt is the executive head of state of Egypt and the de facto appointer of the official head of government under the Egyptian Constitution of 2014. Under the various iterations of the Constitution of Egypt following the E ...
(1981–2011) **Prime Minister –
Ahmed Nazif Ahmed Nazif ( ar, أحمد نظيف, ; born 8 July 1952) served as the Prime Minister of Egypt from 14 July 2004 to 29 January 2011, when his cabinet was dismissed by President Hosni Mubarak in light of a popular uprising that led to the Egyptian ...
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Prime Minister of Egypt The prime minister of Egypt () is the head of the Egyptian government. A direct translation of the Arabic-language title is "Minister-President of Egypt" and "President of the Government". The Arabic title can also be translated as "President of ...
(2004–2011) * **President –
Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (; born 5 June 1942) is an Equatoguinean politician and former military officer who has served as the second president of Equatorial Guinea since August 1979. He is the longest-serving president of any country ev ...
, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present) **Prime Minister –
Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó (11 January 1961 – 6 December 2012) was an Equatorial Guinean politician. He was the 5th Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea having served from 11 July 2004 to 14 August 2006. He was a member of the Bubi ethnic g ...
, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2004–2006) * **President –
Isaias Afwerki Isaias Afwerki ( ti, ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ, ; born 2 February 1946) is an Eritrean politician and partisan who has been the president of Eritrea since shortly after he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) to victory in ...
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President of Eritrea This is a list of heads of state of Eritrea. Since the establishment of the office of President in 1993, the office has been held by Isaias Afwerki. The President is the head of state and head of government of Eritrea, as well as commander-in-c ...
(1991–present) * **President –
Girma Wolde-Giorgis Girma Wolde-Giorgis (; 28 December 1924 – 15 December 2018) was an Ethiopian politician who was the president of Ethiopia from 2001 to 2013. He was the second person to hold the office of president since the founding of the Federal Democra ...
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President of Ethiopia The President of Ethiopia is the head of state of Ethiopia. The position is largely ceremonial with executive power vested in the Council of Ministers chaired by The Prime Minister. The current president is Sahle-Work Zewde, who took office on ...
(2001–2013) **Prime Minister –
Meles Zenawi Meles Zenawi Asres (Tigrinya and ; , born Legesse Zenawi Asres; 9 May 1955 – 20 August 2012) was an Ethiopian soldier and politician who served as President of Ethiopia from 1991 to 1995 and then Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 1995 until his ...
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Prime Minister of Ethiopia The Prime Minister of Ethiopia is the head of government and Chief Executive of Ethiopia. Ethiopia is a parliamentary republic with a Prime Minister as head of the government and the Commander-in-Chief of the Ethiopian Armed Forces. The Pri ...
(1995–2012) * **President –
Omar Bongo El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba (born Albert-Bernard Bongo; 30 December 1935 – 8 June 2009) was a Gabonese politician who was the second President of Gabon for 42 years, from 1967 until his death in 2009. Omar Bongo was promoted to key positions as ...
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President of Gabon The president of Gabon is the head of state of Gabon. A total of three people have served as president (not counting two acting presidents) since the post was formed in 1960. Description of the office Election The president of the republic is ...
(1967–2009) **Prime Minister –
Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane (born 6 October 1939Samy Ghorbal"« Nous avons su garder le cap »" ''Jeune Afrique'', 20 November 2005 .) is a Gabonese politician who was Prime Minister of Gabon from 23 January 1999 to 20 January 2006. He was Ma ...
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Prime Minister of Gabon The Prime Minister of Gabon (French: ''Premier ministre de la République gabonaise'') is the head of government of Gabon. The position was first created in 1960, upon the country's independence from France, but was soon abolished by a new con ...
(1999–2006) * **President – Yahya Jammeh,
President of the Gambia The president of the Republic of The Gambia is the head of state and head of government of the Gambia. The president leads the executive branch of the government of the Gambia and is the commander-in-chief of the Gambia Armed Forces. The post ...
(1994–2017) * **President –
John Kufuor John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor (born 8 December 1938) is a Ghanaian politician who served as the President of Ghana from 7 January 2001 to 7 January 2009. He was also Chairperson of the African Union from 2007 to 2008. Kufuor's career has been spe ...
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President of Ghana The president of the Republic of Ghana is the elected head of state and head of government of Ghana, as well as commander-in-chief of the Ghana Armed Forces. The current president of Ghana is Nana Akufo-Addo, who won the 2020 presidential el ...
(2001–2009) * **President –
Lansana Conté Lansana Conté (30 November 1934 – 22 December 2008
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President of Guinea This article lists the presidents of Guinea, since the country gained independence from France in 1958 (after rejecting to join the French Community in a constitutional referendum). List Key ;''Political parties'' * * * ;''Other factions'' * ...
(1984–2008) **Prime Minister –
Cellou Dalein Diallo Cellou Dalein Diallo (3 February 1952
, Xinhua, 14 December 2004 .) is a
Prime Minister of Guinea This article lists the prime ministers of Guinea, since the establishment of the office of Prime Minister in 1972. List Key ;''Political parties'' * * * * ;''Other factions'' * * Officeholders Notes Timeline See also * Guinea ** List ...
(2004–2006) * **President – **#
Henrique Rosa Henrique Pereira Rosa (18 January 1946 – 15 May 2013) was a Bissau-Guinean politician who served as interim President of Guinea-Bissau from 2003 to 2005. He was born in 1946 in Bafatá. Interim President of Guinea-Bissau Rosa served as the int ...
, Acting President of Guinea-Bissau (2003–2005) **#
João Bernardo Vieira João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira (; 27 April 1939 – 2 March 2009) was a Bissau-Guinean politician who was the President of Guinea-Bissau from 1980 to 1999, except for a three-day period in May 1984, and from 2005 to 2009. After seizing power ...
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President of Guinea-Bissau This article lists the presidents of Guinea-Bissau, since the establishment of the office of president in 1973. List of officeholders ;Political parties ;Other factions ;Symbols Notes Timeline Latest election See also * Polit ...
(2005–2009) **Prime Minister – **#
Carlos Gomes Júnior Carlos Domingos Gomes Júnior (born December 19, 1949)
(in Portuguese). is a Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau This article lists the prime ministers of Guinea-Bissau, since the establishment of the office of prime minister in 1973. Since Guinea-Bissau's declaration of independence from Portugal on 24 September 1974, there have been twenty prime ministe ...
(2004–2005) **#
Aristides Gomes Aristides Gomes (born 8 November 1954
.) is a Bissau-Guinean politician who was the Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau This article lists the prime ministers of Guinea-Bissau, since the establishment of the office of prime minister in 1973. Since Guinea-Bissau's declaration of independence from Portugal on 24 September 1974, there have been twenty prime ministe ...
(2005–2007) * **President –
Laurent Gbagbo Koudou Laurent Gbagbo
, FPI website . ( President of the Ivory Coast (2000–2011) **Prime Minister – **#
Seydou Diarra Seydou Elimane Diarra (23 November 1933 – 19 July 2020) was an Ivorian politician, who served as the Prime Minister in 2000 and again from 2003 to 2005. Life and career Diarra was born on 23 November 1933 in Katiola.
, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2003–2005) **#
Charles Konan Banny Charles Konan Banny (11 November 1942 – 10 September 2021)Biography at BCEAO website
, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2005–2007) * **President – Mwai Kibaki, President of Kenya (2002–2013) * **Monarch –
Letsie III Letsie III (born Seeiso Bereng; 17 July 1963) is King of Lesotho. He succeeded his father, Moshoeshoe II, who was forced into exile in 1990. His father was briefly restored in 1995 but died in a car crash in early 1996, and Letsie became king ag ...
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King of Lesotho This article list the monarchs (''Marena'') of Lesotho (also known as Basutoland until 1966). Succession The Succession to the throne of Lesotho is laid down in Chapter V of the African kingdom's constitution. The current King is Letsie III. ...
(1996–present) **Prime Minister – Pakalitha Mosisili,
Prime Minister of Lesotho This is a list of prime ministers of Lesotho () since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Lesotho in 1965, to the present day. A total of seven people have served as Prime Minister of Lesotho (not counting one Acting Prime Minister a ...
(1998–2012) * **Head of State –
Gyude Bryant Charles Gyude Bryant (17 January 1949 – 16 April 2014) was a Liberian politician and businessman. He served as the Chairman of the Transitional Government of Liberia from 14 October 2003 to 16 January 2006. The installation of the transitional ...
, Chairman of the Transitional Government of Liberia (2003–2006) * **''De facto'' Head of State – Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011) **''De jure'' Head of State – Muhammad az-Zanati, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008) **Prime Minister –
Shukri Ghanem Shukri Mohammed Ghanem ( ar, شكري محمد إمحمد غانم 9 October 1942 – 29 April 2012) was a Libyan politician who was the General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (prime minister) from June 2003 until Marc ...
, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2003–2006) * **President –
Marc Ravalomanana Marc Ravalomanana (; born 12 December 1949) is a Malagasy politician who was the President of Madagascar from 2002 to 2009. Born into a farming Merina family in Imerinkasinina, near the capital city of Antananarivo, Ravalomanana first rose to ...
, President of Madagascar (2002–2009) **Prime Minister –
Jacques Sylla Jacques Hugues Sylla (July 1946 – 26 December 2009) was a Malagasy politician. He was the Prime Minister of Madagascar under President Marc Ravalomanana from February 2002 to January 2007. He subsequently served as the President of the Natio ...
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Prime Minister of Madagascar This is a list of prime ministers of Madagascar, since the establishment of the office of chief minister in 1828, during the Merina Kingdom. List of officeholders ;Political parties ;Other factions ;Status See also * Politics ...
(2002–2007) * **President –
Bingu wa Mutharika Bingu wa Mutharika (; born Brightson Webster Ryson Thom; 24 February 1934 – 5 April 2012) was a Malawian politician and economist who was President of Malawi from May 2004 until his death in April 2012. He was also President of the Demo ...
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President of Malawi The president of the Republic of Malawi ( ny, Mtsogoleri wa Dziko la Malawi) is the head of state and head of government of Malawi. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Malawi and is the commander-in-chief of the Malaw ...
(2004–2012) * **President –
Amadou Toumani Touré Amadou Toumani Touré (4 November 19489 November 2020) was a Malian politician. He supervised Mali's first multiparty elections as chairman of the transitional government (1991–1992), and later became the second democratically-elected Presiden ...
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President of Mali This is a list of heads of state of Mali since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of seven people have served as head of state of Mali (excluding three acting presidents). Additionally, two people, ...
(2002–2012) **Prime Minister – Ousmane Issoufi Maïga,
Prime Minister of Mali This is a list of prime ministers of Mali since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of seventeen people have served as Prime Minister of Mali (not counting five acting prime ministers). Additionally, ...
(2004–2007) * **Head of State – **#
Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya ( ar, معاوية ولد سيد أحمد الطايع, Ma‘āwiyah wuld Sīdi Aḥmad aṭ-Ṭāya‘ / Mu'awiya walad Sayyidi Ahmad Taya; born 28 November 1941) is a Mauritanian military officer who served as the ...
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President of Mauritania This is a list of heads of state of Mauritania since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of nine people have served as head of state of Mauritania (not counting one Acting President). Additionally, o ...
(1984–2005) **#
Ely Ould Mohamed Vall Colonel Ely Ould Mohamed Vall ( ar, إعلي ولد محمد فال ''I‘lī Wald Muḥammad Fāl''; 1953 – 5 May 2017) was a Mauritanian political and military figure. Following a coup d'état in August 2005, he served as the transitional ...
, Chairman of the Military Council for Justice and Democracy of Mauritania (2005–2007) **Prime Minister – **# Sghair Ould M'Bareck,
Prime Minister of Mauritania This is a list of prime ministers of Mauritania since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Mauritania in 1960 to the present day. A total of sixteen people have served as Prime Minister of Mauritania (not counting one Acting Prime ...
(2003–2005) **#
Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar ( ar, سيدي محمد ولد بوبكر; born 31 May 1957)
Agence Mauritanienne d'Informa ...
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Prime Minister of Mauritania This is a list of prime ministers of Mauritania since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Mauritania in 1960 to the present day. A total of sixteen people have served as Prime Minister of Mauritania (not counting one Acting Prime ...
(2005–2007) * **President – Sir
Anerood Jugnauth Sir Anerood Jugnauth, GCSK, PV, (29 March 1930 – 3 June 2021) was a Mauritian politician and barrister who served both as President and Prime Minister of Mauritius. He was Member of Parliament for Piton & Riviere Du Rempart. A central fi ...
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President of Mauritius The president of the Republic of Mauritius (french: président de la République de Maurice) is the head of state of the Republic of Mauritius. Mauritius is a parliamentary republic, and the president functions as a ceremonial figurehead, ele ...
(2003–2012) **Prime Minister – **#
Paul Bérenger Paul Raymond Bérenger GCSK, MP (born 26 March 1945) is a Mauritian politician who was Prime Minister of Mauritius from 2003 to 2005. He has been Leader of the Opposition on several occasions – from 1983 to 1987, 1997 to 2000, 2005 to 20 ...
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Prime Minister of Mauritius The prime minister of Mauritius (french: link=no, Premier Ministre de Maurice) is the head of government of Mauritius. He presides over the Cabinet of Ministers, which advises the president of the country and is collectively responsible to the ...
(2003–2005) **#
Navin Ramgoolam Navinchandra Ramgoolam, GCSK, FRCP (born 14 July 1947) is a Mauritian politician who was former Prime Minister of Mauritius from 2005 to 2014 and leader of the Labour Party (Mauritius). He was Leader of the Opposition from 1991 to 1995. He ser ...
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Prime Minister of Mauritius The prime minister of Mauritius (french: link=no, Premier Ministre de Maurice) is the head of government of Mauritius. He presides over the Cabinet of Ministers, which advises the president of the country and is collectively responsible to the ...
(2005–2014) *  (
overseas collectivity The French overseas collectivities (''collectivité d'outre-mer'' or ''COM'') are first-order administrative divisions of France, like the French regions, but have a semi-autonomous status. The COMs include some former French overseas colonies ...
of
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
) **Prefect – **# Jean-Jacques Brot, Prefect of Mayotte (2002–2005) **# Jean-Paul Kihl, Prefect of Mayotte (2005–2007) **Head of Government –
Saïd Omar Oili Saïd Omar Oili (born 20 June 1957) was the president of the General Council of Mayotte Mayotte (; french: Mayotte, ; Shimaore: ''Maore'', ; Kibushi: ''Maori'', ), officially the Department of Mayotte (french: Département de Mayotte), is an ...
, President of the General Council of Mayotte (2004–2008) * **Monarch –
Mohammed VI Muhammad VI may refer to: * Muhammad Imaaduddeen VI (1868–1932), sultan of the Maldives from 1893 to 1902 * Mehmed VI (1861–1926), sultan of Ottoman Empire, from 1918 to 1922 * Mohammed VI of Morocco Mohammed VI ( ar, محمد الساد ...
,
King of Morocco This is the list of rulers of Morocco, since the establishment of the state in 789. The common and formal titles of these rulers has varied, depending on the time period. Since 1957, the designation King has been used. The present King of Moroc ...
(1999–present) **Prime Minister –
Driss Jettou Driss Jettou ( ar, إدريس جطو; born 24 May 1945) is a Moroccan politician, who served as the Prime Minister of Morocco from 2002 to 2007. Early life and education Jettou was born in the town of El Jadida on 24 May 1945. After secondary s ...
, Prime Minister of Morocco (2002–2007) ** ( self-declared, partially recognised state) ***President –
Mohamed Abdelaziz Mohamed Abdelaziz can refer to a number of people: * Mohamed Abdelaziz (Sahrawi politician) (1946–2016), President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–2016) *Mohamed Abdelaziz (Libyan politician) Mohamed Abdelaziz is a Libyan polit ...
, President of Western Sahara (1976–2016) ***Prime Minister –
Abdelkader Taleb Omar Abdelkader Taleb Omar ( ar, عبد القادر طالب عمر, ''ʿAbd āl-Qādar Ṭāleb ʿOmar''; born 1951) is a Sahrawi politician currently serving as the ambassador of Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic to Algeria since 17 March 2018 and a f ...
,
Prime Minister of Western Sahara The prime minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of government of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), a government in exile based in the Sahrawi refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria. The post of the prime minister has b ...
(2003–2018) * **President – **#
Joaquim Chissano Joaquim Alberto Chissano (born 22 October 1939) is a politician who served as the second President of Mozambique, from 1986 to 2005. He is credited with transforming the war-torn country of Mozambique into one of the most successful African demo ...
, President of Mozambique (1986–2005) **#
Armando Guebuza Armando Emílio Guebuza (born 20 January 1943) is a Mozambican politician who was the third President of Mozambique from 2005 to 2015. Career Guebuza, born at Murrupula in Nampula Province, joined the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) at ...
, President of Mozambique (2005–2015) **Prime Minister –
Luísa Diogo Luísa Dias Diogo (born 11 April 1958) is a Mozambican politician who served as Prime Minister of Mozambique from February 2004 to January 2010. She replaced Pascoal Mocumbi, who had been Prime Minister for the previous nine years. Before bec ...
, Prime Minister of Mozambique (2004–2010) * **President – **#
Sam Nujoma Samuel Shafiishuna Daniel Nujoma, (; born 12 May 1929) is a Namibian revolutionary, anti-apartheid activist and politician who served three terms as the first President of Namibia, from 1990 to 2005. Nujoma was a founding member and the first ...
,
President of Namibia The president of the Republic of Namibia is the head of state and the head of government of Namibia. The president directs the executive branch of the Government of Namibia, as chair of the Cabinet and is the commander-in-chief of the armed fo ...
(1990–2005) **#
Hifikepunye Pohamba Hifikepunye Lucas Pohamba (born 18 August 1936) is a Namibian politician who served as the second president of Namibia from 21 March 2005 to 21 March 2015. He won the 2004 presidential election overwhelmingly as the candidate of SWAPO, and wa ...
,
President of Namibia The president of the Republic of Namibia is the head of state and the head of government of Namibia. The president directs the executive branch of the Government of Namibia, as chair of the Cabinet and is the commander-in-chief of the armed fo ...
(2005–2015) **Prime Minister – **#
Theo-Ben Gurirab Theo-Ben Gurirab (23 January 1938 – 14 July 2018) was a Namibian politician who served in various senior government positions. He served as the second Prime Minister of Namibia from 28 August 2002 to 20 March 2005, following the demotion and ...
,
Prime Minister of Namibia The prime minister of the Republic of Namibia is the leader of the Government of Namibia. The prime minister is appointed by the President of Namibia and co-ordinates the work of the Cabinet. They also advise and assist the president in the exe ...
(2002–2005) **#
Nahas Angula Nahas Gideon Angula (born 22 August 1943)Profile on Namibian parliamen ...
,
Prime Minister of Namibia The prime minister of the Republic of Namibia is the leader of the Government of Namibia. The prime minister is appointed by the President of Namibia and co-ordinates the work of the Cabinet. They also advise and assist the president in the exe ...
(2005–2012) * **President –
Mamadou Tandja Mamadou Tandja (1938 – 24 November 2020) was a Nigerien politician who was President of Niger from 1999 to 2010. He was President of the National Movement for the Development Society (MNSD) from 1991 to 1999 and unsuccessfully ran as the MNS ...
,
President of Niger This is a list of heads of state of Niger since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of ten people have served as head of state of Niger. The current head of state of Niger is the President of the Re ...
(1999–2010) **Prime Minister –
Hama Amadou Hama Amadou (born 1949) is a Nigerien politician who was Prime Minister of Niger from 1995 to 1996 and again from 2000 to 2007. He was also Secretary-General of the National Movement for the Development of Society (MNSD-Nassara) from 1991 to 200 ...
, Prime Minister of Niger (2000–2007) * **President –
Olusegun Obasanjo Chief Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo, , ( ; yo, Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́ ; born 5 March 1937) is a Nigerian political and military leader who served as Nigeria's head of state from 1976 to 1979 and later as its presid ...
,
President of Nigeria The president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is the head of state and head of government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Nigeri ...
(1999–2007) * **President –
Paul Kagame Paul Kagame (; born 23 October 1957) is a Rwandan politician and former military officer who is the 4th and current president of Rwanda since 2000. He previously served as a commander of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a Uganda-based rebel ...
,
President of Rwanda This article lists the presidents of Rwanda since the creation of the office in 1961 (during the Rwandan Revolution), to the present day. The president of Rwanda is the head of state and head of executive of the Republic of Rwanda. The presi ...
(2000–present) **Prime Minister –
Bernard Makuza Bernard Makuza (born 30 September 1962) is a Rwandan politician who was Prime Minister of Rwanda from 8 March 2000 to 6 October 2011. He also served as President of the Senate of Rwanda from 14 October 2014 to 17 October 2019. Background Makuza ...
,
Prime Minister of Rwanda This article lists the prime ministers of Rwanda since the formation of the post in 1961 (during the Rwandan Revolution), to the present day. The prime minister of Rwanda is the head of government of the Republic of Rwanda. The prime minister ...
(2000–2011) * (
Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...
of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
) **Governor –
Michael Clancy Michael John Clancy (31 March 1949 – 23 February 2010)Profile
ukwhoswho.com; accessed 1 M ...
,
Governor of Saint Helena The Governor of Saint Helena is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the official advice of His Majesty ...
(2004–2007) * **President – Fradique de Menezes,
President of São Tomé and Príncipe President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
(2003–2011) **Prime Minister – **#
Damião Vaz d'Almeida Damião Vaz d'Almeida (born 28 April 1951) served as the 12th prime minister of São Tomé and Príncipe and the vice-president of the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe-Social Democratic Party (MLSTP-PSD). He became Prime Mi ...
, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Principe (2004–2005) **# Maria do Carmo Silveira, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Principe (2005–2006) * **President –
Abdoulaye Wade Abdoulaye Wade (born 29 May 1926)
Encyclopedia of the Nations. Retrieved February 28, ...
, President of Senegal (2000–2012) **Prime Minister –
Macky Sall Macky Sall (, wo, Maki Sàll, fuc, 𞤃𞤢𞤳𞤭 𞤅𞤢𞤤‎, italic=no, Maki Sal; born 11 December 1961) is a Senegalese politician who has been President of Senegal since April 2012. He was re-elected President in the first round voti ...
, Prime Minister of Senegal (2004–2007) * **President – James Michel,
President of Seychelles This article contains a list of presidents of the Republic of Seychelles. Presidents (1976–present) :Notes Timeline Latest election See also *Seychelles ** Politics of Seychelles **List of colonial governors of Seychelles **Vice-Pre ...
(2004–2016) * **President –
Ahmad Tejan Kabbah Alhaji Ahmad Tejan Kabbah (February 16, 1932 – March 13, 2014) was a Sierra Leonean politician who served twice as the 3rd President of Sierra Leone, from 1996 to 1997 and again from 1998 to 2007. An economist and attorney by profession, K ...
,
President of Sierra Leone The president of the Republic of Sierra Leone is the head of state and the head of government of Sierra Leone, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. As the head of the executive branch of the Sierra Leone government, the presi ...
(1998–2007) * **President – Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President of Somalia (2004–2008) **Prime Minister –
Ali Mohammed Ghedi Ali Mohammed Gedi ( so, Cali Maxamed Geeddi, ar, علي محمد جيدي) (born 2 October 1952), popularly known as Ali Gedi, was the Prime Minister of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia from 2004 to 2007. He was relatively un ...
,
Prime Minister of Somalia This is a list of prime ministers of Somalia. The prime minister of Somalia ( so, Ra'iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya) is the head of government of Somalia. There have been 22 official prime ministers since the office was created in 1956. The first p ...
(2004–2007) ** ( unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President –
Dahir Riyale Kahin Dahir Riyale Kahin ( so, Daahir Riyaale Kaahin, ar, ظاهر ريالي كاهن) (born 12 March 1952) is a Somaliland politician who was President of Somaliland from 2002 to 2010. He previously served as a senior officer in the National Secur ...
,
President of Somaliland The president of Somaliland ( so, Madaxweynaha Somaliland; ar, رئيس جمهورية أرض الصومال, Rayiys jumhuriat 'ard alsuwmal) is the head of state and head of government of Somaliland. The president is also commander-in-chief o ...
(2002–2010) ** (self-declared autonomous state) ***President – ***#
Mohamed Hashi Mohamed Abdi Hashi ( so, Maxamed Cabdi Xaashi, ar, محمد عبدي هاشي; died 12 July 2020) was a Somali politician, who served as the president of USP during the 1990s. He hailed from the Dhulbahante clan, Qayaad sub clan. He was the ...
, President of Puntland (2004–2005) ***#
Mohamud Muse Hersi Mohamud Muse Hersi ( so, Maxamuud Muuse Xirsi Cadde, ar, محمد موسى حرسي; 1 July 1937 – 8 February 2017), also known as Adde Musa, was a Somali politician. He was the President of the Puntland region of Somalia from 8 January 2005 to ...
, President of Puntland (2005–2009) * **President –
Thabo Mbeki Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki KStJ (; born 18 June 1942) is a South African politician who was the second president of South Africa from 14 June 1999 to 24 September 2008, when he resigned at the request of his party, the African National Congress (ANC ...
, President of South Africa (1999–2008) * **President – Omar al-Bashir,
President of Sudan This article lists the heads of state of Sudan since the country's independence in 1956. History of the office Since independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1956, six individuals (and three multi-member sovereignty councils) have served as ...
(1989–2019) * **Monarch –
Mswati III Mswati III (born Makhosetive; 19 April 1968) is the king ( Swazi: Ngwenyama, Ingwenyama yemaSwati) of Eswatini and head of the Swazi royal family. He was born in Manzini in the Protectorate of Swaziland to King Sobhuza II and one of his young ...
,
King of Swaziland iNgwenyama (also ''Ingwenyama'') is the title of the male monarch of Eswatini. In English, the title is sometimes translated as King of Eswatini. The iNgwenyama reigns together with the Ndlovukazi, a spiritual leadership position held by the i ...
(1986–present) **Prime Minister –
Themba Dlamini Absalom Themba Dlamini (born 1 December 1950) was the Prime Minister of Eswatini from November 2003 to September 2008. He is the managing director of Tibiyo Taka Ngwane. Biography Dlamini graduated from the University of Botswana and Swaziland ...
, Prime Minister of Swaziland (2003–2008) * **President – **#
Benjamin Mkapa Benjamin William Mkapa (12 November 193824 July 2020) was the third president of Tanzania, in office from 1995 to 2005. He was Chairman of the Revolutionary State Political Party ( Chama Cha Mapinduzi, CCM). Early life Mkapa was born in Lupaso, ...
,
President of Tanzania The President of the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania) is the head of state and head of government of the United Republic of Tanzania. The President leads the executive branch of the Government of Tanza ...
(1995–2005) **#
Jakaya Kikwete Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete (born 7 October 1950) is a Tanzanian politician who was the fourth president of Tanzania, in office from 2005 to 2015. Prior to his election as president, he was the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1995 to 2005 under hi ...
,
President of Tanzania The President of the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania) is the head of state and head of government of the United Republic of Tanzania. The President leads the executive branch of the Government of Tanza ...
(2005–2015) **Prime Minister – **#
Frederick Sumaye Frederick Tluway Sumaye (born 29 May 1950) is a Tanzanian politician who was Prime Minister of Tanzania from 28 November 1995 to 30 December 2005. Life and career As a member of the ruling party Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), Sumaye was a Member o ...
,
Prime Minister of Tanzania The prime minister of Tanzania is the head in the National Assembly of the United Republic of Tanzania. The position is subordinated to the president, who is the actual head of government. The functions and powers of the prime minister are desc ...
(1995–2005) **#
Edward Lowassa Edward Ngoyai Lowassa (born August 26, 1953) is a Tanzanian politician who was Prime Minister of Tanzania from 2005 to 2008, serving under President Jakaya Kikwete.
,
Prime Minister of Tanzania The prime minister of Tanzania is the head in the National Assembly of the United Republic of Tanzania. The position is subordinated to the president, who is the actual head of government. The functions and powers of the prime minister are desc ...
(2005–2008) * **President – **#
Gnassingbé Eyadéma Gnassingbé Eyadéma (; born Étienne Gnassingbé, 26 December 1935 – 5 February 2005) was the president of Togo from 1967 until his death in 2005, after which he was immediately succeeded by his son, Faure Gnassingbé. Eyadéma participated i ...
,
President of Togo This is a list of presidents of Togo since the formation of the post of president in 1960, to the present day. A total of four people have served as president (not counting one acting president and two interim military officeholders). Additiona ...
(1967–2005) **#
Faure Gnassingbé Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé Eyadéma (; born 6 June 1966"Biographie de nouve ...
,
President of Togo This is a list of presidents of Togo since the formation of the post of president in 1960, to the present day. A total of four people have served as president (not counting one acting president and two interim military officeholders). Additiona ...
(2005) **# Bonfoh Abass, Acting President of Togo (2005) **#
Faure Gnassingbé Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé Eyadéma (; born 6 June 1966"Biographie de nouve ...
,
President of Togo This is a list of presidents of Togo since the formation of the post of president in 1960, to the present day. A total of four people have served as president (not counting one acting president and two interim military officeholders). Additiona ...
(2005–present) **Prime Minister – **# Koffi Sama,
Prime Minister of Togo This is a list of prime ministers of Togo since the formation of the post of Prime Minister in 1960, to the present day. A total of thirteen people have served as Prime Minister of Togo – twelve men and one woman. Among them, one person, Edem ...
(2002–2005) **#
Edem Kodjo Édouard Kodjovi "Edem" Kodjo (May 23, 1938 – April 11, 2020), was a Togolese politician and diplomat. He was Secretary-General of the Organisation of African Unity from 1978 to 1983; later, in Togo, he was a prominent opposition leader after t ...
,
Prime Minister of Togo This is a list of prime ministers of Togo since the formation of the post of Prime Minister in 1960, to the present day. A total of thirteen people have served as Prime Minister of Togo – twelve men and one woman. Among them, one person, Edem ...
(2005–2006) * **President –
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali Zine El Abidine Ben Ali ( ar, زين العابدين بن علي, translit=Zayn al-'Ābidīn bin 'Alī; 3 September 1936 – 19 September 2019), commonly known as Ben Ali ( ar, بن علي) or Ezzine ( ar, الزين), was a Tunisian politician ...
,
President of Tunisia The president of Tunisia, officially the president of the Tunisian Republic ( ar, رئيس الجمهورية التونسية), is the head of state of Tunisia. Tunisia is a presidential republic, whereby the president is the head of state a ...
(1987–2011) **Prime Minister –
Mohamed Ghannouchi Mohamed Ghannouchi ( ar, محمد الغنوشي ''Muhammad Al-Ghannushi''; born 18 August 1941) is a Tunisian politician who was Prime Minister of Tunisia from 1999 to 2011. Regarded as a technocrat, Ghannouchi was a long-standing figure in the ...
,
Prime Minister of Tunisia The prime minister of Tunisia ( ar, رئيس حكومة تونس, ra’īs ḥukūmat Tūnis) is the head of the executive branch of the government of Tunisia. The prime minister directs the executive branch along with the president and, together ...
(1999–2011) * **President –
Yoweri Museveni Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Tibuhaburwa (born 15 September 1944) is a Ugandan politician and retired senior military officer who has been the 9th and current President of Uganda since 26 January 1986. Museveni spearheaded rebellions with aid of then ...
,
President of Uganda The president of the Republic of Uganda is the head of state and the head of government of Uganda. The president leads the executive branch of the government of Uganda and is the commander-in-chief of the Uganda People's Defence Force. The ...
(1986–present) **Prime Minister –
Apolo Nsibambi Apolo Robin Nsibambi (25 October 1940 – 28 May 2019) was a Ugandan academic and politician who served as the 8th Prime Minister of Uganda from 5 April 1999 until 24 May 2011, when Amama Mbabazi succeeded him. Early life and education Apolo Ro ...
,
Prime Minister of Uganda The prime minister of Uganda chairs the Cabinet of Uganda, although the president is the effective head of government. Robinah Nabbanja has been the prime minister since 21 June 2021. The post of Prime Minister was created for the first time in ...
(1999–2011) * **President –
Levy Mwanawasa Levy Patrick Mwanawasa (3 September 1948 – 19 August 2008) was the third president of Zambia. He served as president from January 2002 until his death in August 2008. Mwanawasa is credited with having initiated a campaign to rid the corrupt ...
,
President of Zambia The president of Zambia is the head of state and the head of government of Zambia. The office was first held by Kenneth Kaunda following independence in 1964. Since 1991, when Kaunda left the presidency, the office has been held by seven othe ...
(2002–2008) * **President –
Robert Mugabe Robert Gabriel Mugabe (; ; 21 February 1924 – 6 September 2019) was a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who served as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987 and then as President from 1987 to 2017. He served as Leader of the ...
,
President of Zimbabwe The president of Zimbabwe is the head of state of Zimbabwe and head of the executive branch of the government of Zimbabwe. The president chairs the national cabinet and is the chief commanding authority of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces. The i ...
(1987–2017)


Asia

* **President –
Hamid Karzai Hamid Karzai (; Pashto/ fa, حامد کرزی, , ; born 24 December 1957) is an Afghan statesman who served as the fourth president of Afghanistan from July 2002 to September 2014, including as the first elected president of the Islamic Repub ...
,
President of Afghanistan The president of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan was constitutionally the head of state and head of government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–2021) and Commander-in-Chief of the Afghan Armed Forces. On 15 August 2021, as th ...
(2002–2014) * **Monarch – Sheikh
Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Hamad bin Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa ( ar, حمد بن عيسى بن سلمان آل خليفة '; 28 January 1950) is King of Bahrain since 14 February 2002, after ruling as Emir of Bahrain from 6 March 1999. He is the son of Isa bin Salm ...
,
King of Bahrain The King of the Kingdom of Bahrain ( ar, ملك مملكة البحرين) is the monarch and head of state of Bahrain. The House of Khalifa has been the ruling family since 1783. Between 1783 and 1971, the Bahraini monarch held the title of Hak ...
(1999–present) **Prime Minister – Sheikh
Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa ( ar, خليفة بن سلمان آل خليفة) (24 November 1935 – 11 November 2020) was a Bahraini royal and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Bahrain from 10 January 1970 until his death in 202 ...
, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–2020) * **President –
Iajuddin Ahmed Iajuddin Ahmed (1 February 193110 December 2012) was the President of Bangladesh, serving from 6 September 2002 until 12 February 2009. From late October 2006 to January 2007, he also served as Chief Advisor of the caretaker government. From Oc ...
,
President of Bangladesh The president of Bangladesh ( bn, বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি — ) officially the President of the People's Republic of Bangladesh ( bn, গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশে ...
(2002–2009) **Prime Minister –
Khaleda Zia Khaleda Zia (; born Khaleda Khanam Putul in 1945) is a Bangladeshi politician who served as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh from March 1991 to March 1996, and again from June 2001 to October 2006. She was the first female prime minister of Ba ...
,
Prime Minister of Bangladesh The Prime Minister of Bangladesh ( bn, বাংলাদেশের প্রধানমন্ত্রী, translit=Bangladesher Prodhanmontri), officially Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh ( bn, গণপ্রজা� ...
(2001–2006) * **Monarch – Jigme Singye Wangchuck,
King of Bhutan The Druk Gyalpo (; 'Dragon King') is the head of state of the Kingdom of Bhutan. In the Dzongkha language, Bhutan is known as ''Drukyul'' which translates as "The Land of the Thunder Dragon". Thus, while kings of Bhutan are known as ''Druk ...
(1972–2006) **Prime Minister – **#
Yeshey Zimba ''Lyonpo'' Yeshey Zimba (born 10 October 1952) is a political figure from Bhutan. He was Prime Minister (Chairman of the Council of Ministers) of Bhutan two times: first from 2000 to 2001; then from 20 August 2004 to 5 September 2005. During thi ...
, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2004–2005) **#
Sangay Ngedup ''Lyonpo'' Sangay Ngedup (born 1 July 1953) was Prime Minister of Bhutan from 1999 to 2000 and again from 2005 to 2006. Biography Sangay Ngedup was born in Nobgang village in Punakha. He is the second child and eldest son in a family of three ...
, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2005–2006) * **Monarch – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present) **Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah,
Prime Minister of Brunei The prime minister of Brunei ( ms, Perdana Menteri Negara Brunei Darussalam) is the head of government of Brunei. Concurrently, the title is held by the sultan of Brunei, who is also the head of state of the country.Norodom Sihamoni, King of Cambodia (2004–present) **Prime Minister –
Hun Sen Hun Sen (; km, ហ៊ុន សែន, ; born 5 August 1952) is a Cambodian politician and former military commander who has served as the prime minister of Cambodia since 1985. He is the longest-serving head of government of Cambodia, and ...
, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–present) * **Communist Party Leader – Hu Jintao,
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party The general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party () is the head of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Since 1989, the CCP general secretary has been the paramount leader ...
(2002–2012) **President – Hu Jintao, President of China (2003–2013) **Premier –
Wen Jiabao Wen Jiabao (born 15 September 1942) is a retired Chinese politician who served as the Premier of the State Council from 2003 to 2013. In his capacity as head of government, Wen was regarded as the leading figure behind China's economic polic ...
, Premier of the State Council of China (2003–2013) * **President –
Xanana Gusmão José Alexandre "Xanana" Gusmão (; born 20 June 1946) is an East Timorese politician. A former rebel, he was the third President of the independent East Timor, serving from 2002 to 2007. He then became its fourth prime minister, serving from ...
,
President of East Timor The president of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste ( pt, Presidente da República Democrática de Timor-Leste; tet, Prezidente Republika Demokratika Timor-Leste) is the head of state of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste. The executiv ...
(2002–2007) **Prime Minister –
Mari Alkatiri Mari bin Amude Alkatiri, GCIH ( ar, مرعي بن عمودة الكثيري '; born 26 November 1949) is a Timorese politician. He was Prime Minister of East Timor from May 2002 until his resignation on 26 June 2006 following weeks of politi ...
,
Prime Minister of East Timor , insignia = Coat of arms of East Timor.svg , insigniasize = 125px , insigniacaption = Coat of arms of East Timor , flag = , flagsize = , flagborder = ...
(2001–2006) * **President – A. P. J. Abdul Kalam,
President of India The president of India ( IAST: ) is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Mur ...
(2002–2007) **Prime Minister – Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India (2004–2014) * **President – Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono,
President of Indonesia The President of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Presiden Republik Indonesia) is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president leads the executive branch of the Indonesian government and i ...
(2004–2014) * **Supreme Leader – Ayatollah Ali Khamenei,
Supreme Leader of Iran The Supreme Leader of Iran ( fa, رهبر ایران, rahbar-e irān) is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Supreme Leader directs the executive system and judicial system of the Islamic theocratic government and is the co ...
(1989–present) **President – **# Mohammad Khatami,
President of Iran The president of Iran ( fa, رئیس‌جمهور ایران, Rayis Jomhur-e Irān) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The president is the second highest-ranking official of Iran after the Supreme Leader. The president ...
(1997–2005) **# Mahmoud Ahmadinejad,
President of Iran The president of Iran ( fa, رئیس‌جمهور ایران, Rayis Jomhur-e Irān) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The president is the second highest-ranking official of Iran after the Supreme Leader. The president ...
(2005–2013) * **Head of State – **#
Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawar ( ar, غازي مشعل عجيل الياور, born 1958) is an Iraqi politician. He was the vice president under the Iraqi Transitional Government in 2006, and was interim president of Iraq under the Iraqi Interim Gov ...
,
President of Iraq The president of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Con ...
(2004–2005) **#
Jalal Talabani Jalal Talabani ( ku, مام جەلال تاڵەبانی, translit=Celal Talebanî; ar, جلال طالباني ; 1933 – 3 October 2017) was an Iraqi Kurdish politician who served as the sixth president of Iraq from 2006 to 2014, as well as ...
(2005–2006;
President of Iraq The president of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Con ...
, 2005–2006), and
Adil Abdul-Mahdi Adil Abdul-Mahdi al-Muntafiki ( ar, عادل عبد المهدي المنتفكي, born 1 January 1942) is an Iraqi politician who served as Prime Minister of Iraq from October 2018 until May 2020, hundreds of protestors of ''Tishreen revolutio ...
and
Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawar ( ar, غازي مشعل عجيل الياور, born 1958) is an Iraqi politician. He was the vice president under the Iraqi Transitional Government in 2006, and was interim president of Iraq under the Iraqi Interim Gov ...
(2005–2006) **Prime Minister – **# Ayad Allawi, Prime Minister of Iraq (2004–2005) **#
Ibrahim al-Jaafari Ibrahim Abd al-Karim al-Eshaiker ( ar, إبراهيم عبد الكريم الأشيقر; born 25 March 1947), also known as Ibrahim al-Jaafari, is an Iraqi politician who was Prime Minister of Iraq in the Iraqi Transitional Government from 200 ...
, Prime Minister of Iraq (2005–2006) * **President –
Moshe Katsav Moshe Katsav ( he, מֹשֶׁה קַצָּב; born 5 December 1945) is an Israeli former politician who was the eighth President of Israel from 2000 to 2007. He was also a leading Likud member of the Israeli Knesset and a minister in its cabine ...
,
President of Israel The president of the State of Israel ( he, נְשִׂיא מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Nesi Medinat Yisra'el, or he, נְשִׂיא הַמְדִינָה, Nesi HaMedina, President of the State) is the head of state of Israel. The posi ...
(2000–2007) **Prime Minister – Ariel Sharon,
Prime Minister of Israel The prime minister of Israel ( he, רֹאשׁ הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה, Rosh HaMemshala, Head of the Government, Hebrew acronym: he2, רה״מ; ar, رئيس الحكومة, ''Ra'īs al-Ḥukūma'') is the head of government and chief exec ...
(2001–2006) ** ( non-state administrative authority) ***President – ***#
Rawhi Fattouh Rawhi Fattuh ( ar, روحي فتوح, , also transliterated as Rauhi Fattouh; born 23 August 1949) is the former Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council and was the interim President of the Palestinian Authority, following the death of Yas ...
, Acting President of the Palestinian National Authority (2004–2005) ***# Mahmoud Abbas,
President of the Palestinian National Authority The president of the Palestinian National Authority ( ar, رئيس السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية) is the highest-ranking political position (equivalent to head of state) in the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). The presiden ...
(2005–present) ***Prime Minister – ***# Ahmed Qurei,
Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority The prime minister of the Palestinian National Authority was the position of the official head of government of the Palestinian Authority government, which operated between 2003 and January 2013, when it was officially transformed into the State ...
(2003–2005) ***#
Nabil Shaath Nabil Ali Muhammad (Abu Rashid) Shaath ( ar, نبيل شعث, , also spelled Sha'ath; born August 1938 in Safad) is a senior Palestinian official. Career In politics He has held the following titles: *Palestinian chief negotiator *Palestin ...
, Acting Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (2005) ***# Ahmed Qurei,
Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority The prime minister of the Palestinian National Authority was the position of the official head of government of the Palestinian Authority government, which operated between 2003 and January 2013, when it was officially transformed into the State ...
(2005–2006) * **Monarch –
Akihito is a member of the Imperial House of Japan who reigned as the 125th emperor of Japan from 7 January 1989 until his abdication on 30 April 2019. He presided over the Heisei era, ''Heisei'' being an expression of achieving peace worldwide. B ...
,
Emperor of Japan The Emperor of Japan is the monarch and the head of the Imperial Family of Japan. Under the Constitution of Japan, he is defined as the symbol of the Japanese state and the unity of the Japanese people, and his position is derived from "the ...
(1989–2019) **Prime Minister –
Junichirō Koizumi Junichiro Koizumi (; , ''Koizumi Jun'ichirō'' ; born 8 January 1942) is a former Japanese politician who was Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) from 2001 to 2006. He retired from politics in 2009. He is ...
,
Prime Minister of Japan The prime minister of Japan (Japanese: 内閣総理大臣, Hepburn: ''Naikaku Sōri-Daijin'') is the head of government of Japan. The prime minister chairs the Cabinet of Japan and has the ability to select and dismiss its Ministers of Sta ...
(2001–2006) * **Monarch –
Abdullah II Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein ( ar, عبدالله الثاني بن الحسين , translit=ʿAbd Allāh aṯ-ṯānī ibn al-Ḥusayn; born 30 January 1962) is King of Jordan, having ascended the throne on 7 February 1999. He is a member of t ...
,
King of Jordan The king of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is Jordan's head of state and monarch. He serves as the head of the Jordanian monarchy—the Hashemite dynasty. The king is addressed as His Majesty (). Jordan is a constitutional monarchy. However ...
(1999–present) **Prime Minister – **#
Faisal al-Fayez Faisal Akef Al-Fayez ( ar, فيصل عاكف مثقال الفايز) (born 20 December 1952 in Amman) is a Jordanian politician who was the 34th Prime Minister of Jordan from 25 October 2003 to 6 March 2005. He took office following the resigna ...
,
Prime Minister of Jordan The prime minister of Jordan is the head of government of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The prime minister is appointed by the king of Jordan, who is then free to form his own Cabinet. The Parliament of Jordan then approves the programs ...
(2003–2005) **#
Adnan Badran Adnan Badran ( ar, عدنان بدران ) (born 15 December 1935) is a Jordanian politician and academic. He was the 35th Prime Minister of Jordan from 6 April 2005 to 27 November 2005. Early life and education Badran was born in Jerash, Jorda ...
,
Prime Minister of Jordan The prime minister of Jordan is the head of government of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The prime minister is appointed by the king of Jordan, who is then free to form his own Cabinet. The Parliament of Jordan then approves the programs ...
(2005) **# Marouf al-Bakhit,
Prime Minister of Jordan The prime minister of Jordan is the head of government of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The prime minister is appointed by the king of Jordan, who is then free to form his own Cabinet. The Parliament of Jordan then approves the programs ...
(2005–2007) * **President –
Nursultan Nazarbayev Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev ( kk, Нұрсұлтан Әбішұлы Назарбаев, Nūrsūltan Äbişūlı Nazarbaev, ; born 6 July 1940) is a Kazakh politician and military officer who served as the first President of Kazakhstan, in off ...
,
President of Kazakhstan The president of the Republic of Kazakhstan ( kk, Қазақстан Республикасының Президенті, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Prezidentı; russian: Президент Республики Казахстан, Prezident Respu ...
(1990–2019) **Prime Minister –
Daniyal Akhmetov Daniyal Kenjetaiuly Akhmetov ( kk, Даниал Кенжетайұлы Ахметов, ''Daniyal Kenjetaiūly Ahmetov''; born 15 June 1954) is a Kazakh politician who was the 6th Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 13 June 2003 to 9 January 2007.
,
Prime Minister of Kazakhstan The Prime Minister of Kazakhstan ( Kazakh Cyrillic: Қазақстан Республикасының Премьер-Министрі, Kazakh Latin: Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Premier-Ministrı, ; russian: Премьер-Министр Респ ...
(2003–2007) * **Communist Party Leader – Kim Jong-il,
General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea The general secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (Korean: 조선로동당 총비서) is the head of the Workers' Party of Korea, the ruling party in North Korea, and considered as the supreme leader of North Korea. The general secretary ...
(1997–2011) **''De facto'' Head of State – Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea (1993–2011) **''De jure'' Head of State –
Kim Yong-nam Kim or KIM may refer to: Names * Kim (given name) * Kim (surname) ** Kim (Korean surname) *** Kim family (disambiguation), several dynasties **** Kim family (North Korea), the rulers of North Korea since Kim Il-sung in 1948 ** Kim, Vietnamese ...
, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1998–2019) **Premier –
Pak Pong-ju Pak Pong-ju (; born 10 April 1939) is a North Korean politician who served as the Premier of North Korea from 2003 to 2007 and again from 2013 to 2019. He was elected a member of the Presidium of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) in 2016. Earl ...
, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (2003–2007) * **President –
Roh Moo-hyun Roh Moo-hyun (; ; 1 September 1946 – 23 May 2009) was a South Korean politician and lawyer who served as the ninth president of South Korea between 2003 and 2008. Roh's pre-presidential political career was focused on human rights advocacy for ...
,
President of South Korea The president of the Republic of Korea (), also known as the president of South Korea (often abbreviated to POTROK or POSK; ), is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Korea. The president leads the State Council, and is ...
(2003–2008) **Prime Minister –
Lee Hae-chan Lee Hae-chan (born 10 July 1952) is a South Korean politician who served as Leader of the Democratic Party of Korea from 2018 to 2020. He also served as Prime Minister of South Korea from 2004 to 2006. He served as Member of the National As ...
,
Prime Minister of South Korea The prime minister of the Republic of Korea (PMOTROK or PMOSK; ) is the deputy head of government and the second highest political office of South Korea who is appointed by the President of the Republic of Korea, with the National Assembly's app ...
(2004–2006) * **Monarch – Sheikh
Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Sheikh Jaber al-Ahmad Al-Sabah (29 June 1926 – 15 January 2006) ( ar, الشيخ جابر الأحمد الجابر الصباح, translit=ash-Shaykh Jābir al-ʾAḥmad al-Jābir aṣ-Ṣabāḥ) was Emir of Kuwait and Commander of the Kuwai ...
,
Emir of Kuwait The Emir of the State of Kuwait is the monarch and head of state of Kuwait, the country's most powerful office. The emirs of Kuwait are members of the Al Sabah dynasty. Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah became the emir of Kuwait on 30 Sep ...
(1977–2006) **Prime Minister – Sheikh
Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah ( ar, الشيخ صباح الأحمد الجابر الصباح, translit=ash-Shaykh Sabāh al-ʾAḥmad al-Jābir aṣ-Ṣabāḥ; 16 June 192929 September 2020) was the Emir of Kuwait and Commander of the Kuwai ...
, Prime Minister of Kuwait (2003–2006) * **President – **#
Askar Akayev Askar Akayevich Akayev ( ky, Аскар Акаевич (Акай уулу) Акаев, translit=Askar Akayevich (Akay Uulu) Akayev ; ; born 10 November 1944) is a Kyrgyz politician who served as President of Kyrgyzstan from 1990 until being ove ...
,
President of Kyrgyzstan The president of Kyrgyzstan, officially the president of the Kyrgyz Republic (russian: Президент Киргизской Республики; ky, Кыргыз Республикасынын Президенти), is the head of state an ...
(1990–2005) **# Ishenbai Kadyrbekov, Acting President of Kyrgyzstan (2005) **#
Kurmanbek Bakiyev Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev (, ''Kurmanbek Saliyevich (Sali Uulu) Bakiyev''; born 1 August 1949) is a Kyrgyz politician who served as the second President of Kyrgyzstan, from 2005 to 2010. Large opposition protests in April 2010 led to the tak ...
,
President of Kyrgyzstan The president of Kyrgyzstan, officially the president of the Kyrgyz Republic (russian: Президент Киргизской Республики; ky, Кыргыз Республикасынын Президенти), is the head of state an ...
(2005–2010) **Prime Minister – **# Nikolai Tanayev,
Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan russian: Председатель Кабинета министров Киргизской Республики , insignia = Emblem of Kyrgyzstan.svg , insigniasize = 125px , insigniacaption = Emblem of Kyrgyzstan , nativename = , image = � ...
(2002–2005) **#
Kurmanbek Bakiyev Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev (, ''Kurmanbek Saliyevich (Sali Uulu) Bakiyev''; born 1 August 1949) is a Kyrgyz politician who served as the second President of Kyrgyzstan, from 2005 to 2010. Large opposition protests in April 2010 led to the tak ...
,
Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan russian: Председатель Кабинета министров Киргизской Республики , insignia = Emblem of Kyrgyzstan.svg , insigniasize = 125px , insigniacaption = Emblem of Kyrgyzstan , nativename = , image = � ...
(2005) **# Medetbek Kerimkulov, Acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2005) **#
Felix Kulov Felix Sharshenbayevich Kulov (russian: Феликс Шаршенбаевич Кулов; ky, Феликс Шаршенбаевич (Шаршенбай уулу) Кулов, Feliks Sharshenbayevich (Sharshenbay uulu) Kulov; born 29 October 1948) ...
,
Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan russian: Председатель Кабинета министров Киргизской Республики , insignia = Emblem of Kyrgyzstan.svg , insigniasize = 125px , insigniacaption = Emblem of Kyrgyzstan , nativename = , image = � ...
(2005–2007) * **Communist Party Leader – Khamtai Siphandon,
General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party is the office of the highest-ranking member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP) and also typically the supreme leader of Laos. Since the party's takeo ...
(1992–2006) **President – Khamtai Siphandon, President of Laos (1998–2006) **Premier – Bounnhang Vorachith, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (2001–2006) * **President –
Émile Lahoud Émile Jamil Lahoud (born 12 January 1936) was a Lebanese politician who served as the 16th president of Lebanon from 1998 to 2007. His main foreign-policy achievement was to end the Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon in May 2000, which was ...
,
President of Lebanon The President of the Lebanese Republic ( ar, رئيس الجمهورية اللبنانية, rayiys aljumhuriat allubnania; french: Président de la République Libanaise) is the head of state of Lebanon. The president is elected by the parliame ...
(1998–2007) **Prime Minister – **# Omar Karami, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (2004–2005) **#
Najib Mikati Najib Azmi Mikati ( ar, نجيب عزمي ميقاتي; born 24 November 1955) is a Lebanese politician and businessman, and three-time Prime Minister of Lebanon whose current term began in September 2021. He also serves as the acting President ...
, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (2005) **# Fouad Siniora, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (2005–2009) * **Monarch – Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2001–2006) **Prime Minister – Abdullah Ahmad Badawi,
Prime Minister of Malaysia The prime minister of Malaysia ( ms, Perdana Menteri Malaysia; ms, ڤردان منتري مليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is the head of government of Malaysia. The prime minister directs the executive branch of the fed ...
(2003–2009) * **President – Maumoon Abdul Gayoom,
President of the Maldives The president of the Maldives ( dv, ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ރައީސުލްޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ) is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Maldives and the commander-in-chief of the Maldives National Defence Fo ...
(1978–2008) * **President – **#
Natsagiin Bagabandi Natsagiin Bagabandi ( mn, Нацагийн Багабанди; born April 22, 1950) is a Mongolian politician and the Director of Oyu Tolgoi LLC. Previously, he was the President of Mongolia from 1997 to 2005, and a member of the Mongolian P ...
,
President of Mongolia The president of Mongolia ( mn, Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгч, ''Mongol Ulsyn Yerönkhiilögch'') is the executive head of state of Mongolia.Montsame News Agency. ''Mongolia''. 2006, , p. 42 The current president is Ukhnaagiin ...
(1997–2005) **#
Nambaryn Enkhbayar Nambaryn Enkhbayar ( mn, Намбарын Энхбаяр; born 1 June 1958) is a Mongolian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Mongolia from 2000 to 2004, as Speaker of the Parliament from 2004 to 2005, and as President of Mongoli ...
,
President of Mongolia The president of Mongolia ( mn, Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгч, ''Mongol Ulsyn Yerönkhiilögch'') is the executive head of state of Mongolia.Montsame News Agency. ''Mongolia''. 2006, , p. 42 The current president is Ukhnaagiin ...
(2005–2009) **Prime Minister –
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj (, ''Cahiagín Elbegdorj'' ; also referred to as Mongolyin Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj and Tsakhia Elbegdorj; born 30 March 1963) is a Mongolian politician who served as President of Mongolia from 2009 to 2017. He previously ser ...
,
Prime Minister of Mongolia The Prime Minister of Mongolia () is the head of government of Mongolia and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Mongolian parliament or the State Great Hural, and can be removed by the parliament with a vote of no ...
(2004–2006) * **Head of State –
Than Shwe Than Shwe ( my, သန်းရွှေ, ; born 2 February 1933 or 3 May 1935) is a Burmese strongman politician who was the head of state of Myanmar from 1992 to 2011 as Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC). During this ...
, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar (1992–2011) **Prime Minister – Soe Win,
Prime Minister of Myanmar The prime minister of Myanmar is the head of government of Myanmar. The post was re-established in 2021 by the State Administration Council, the country's ruling military junta, to lead its nominally-civilian provisional government. The provis ...
(2004–2007) * **Monarch –
Gyanendra Gyanendra Shah ( ne, ज्ञानेन्द्र शाह, born 7 July 1947) is a former monarch who was the last King of Nepal, reigning from 2001 to 2008. As a child, he was briefly king from 1950 to 1951, when his grandfather, Tribhuv ...
,
King of Nepal The King of Nepal (traditionally known as the Mahārājdhirāja i.e. Great King of Kings; it can also be translated as "Sovereign Emperor" ( ne, श्री ५ महाराजधिराज)) was Nepal's head of state and monarch from 1768 ...
(2001–2008) **Prime Minister – **#
Sher Bahadur Deuba Sher Bahadur Deuba ( ne, शेरबहादुर देउवा, ; born 13 June 1946) is a Nepali politician and former prime minister of Nepal. He has also been serving as the president of the Nepali Congress since 2016. Deuba has served ...
,
Prime Minister of Nepal The Prime Minister of Nepal ( ne, नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री) is the head of government of Nepal. The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers of Nepal and the chief adviser to the President of ...
(2004–2005) **#
Gyanendra Gyanendra Shah ( ne, ज्ञानेन्द्र शाह, born 7 July 1947) is a former monarch who was the last King of Nepal, reigning from 2001 to 2008. As a child, he was briefly king from 1950 to 1951, when his grandfather, Tribhuv ...
,
Prime Minister of Nepal The Prime Minister of Nepal ( ne, नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री) is the head of government of Nepal. The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers of Nepal and the chief adviser to the President of ...
(2005–2006) * **Monarch –
Qaboos bin Said al Said Qaboos bin Said Al Said ( ar, قابوس بن سعيد آل سعيد, ; 18 November 1940 – 10 January 2020) was Sultan of Oman from 23 July 1970 until his death in 2020. A fifteenth-generation descendant of the founder of the House of Al Said ...
, Sultan of Oman (1970–present) **Prime Minister –
Qaboos bin Said al Said Qaboos bin Said Al Said ( ar, قابوس بن سعيد آل سعيد, ; 18 November 1940 – 10 January 2020) was Sultan of Oman from 23 July 1970 until his death in 2020. A fifteenth-generation descendant of the founder of the House of Al Said ...
,
Prime Minister of Oman The sultan of the Sultanate of Oman is the monarchical head of state and head of government of Oman. It is the most powerful position in the country. The sultans of Oman are members of the Busaid dynasty, which has been the ruling family of ...
(1972–present) * **President –
Pervez Musharraf General Pervez Musharraf ( ur, , Parvez Muśharraf; born 11 August 1943) is a former Pakistani politician and four-star general of the Pakistan Army who became the tenth president of Pakistan after the successful military takeover of t ...
, President of Pakistan (2001–2008) **Prime Minister – Shaukat Aziz,
Prime Minister of Pakistan The prime minister of Pakistan ( ur, , romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen cabinet, despite the president of Pa ...
(2004–2007) * **President –
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal Arroyo (, born April 5, 1947), often referred to by her initials GMA, is a Filipino academic and politician serving as one of the House Deputy Speakers since 2022, and previously from 2016 to 2017. She previously ...
,
President of the Philippines The president of the Philippines ( fil, Pangulo ng Pilipinas, sometimes referred to as ''Presidente ng Pilipinas'') is the head of state, head of government and chief executive of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of t ...
(2001–2010) * **Monarch – Sheikh
Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa bin Hamad bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani ( ar, حمد بن خليفة الثاني; born 1 January 1952) is a member of the ruling Al Thani Qatari royal family. He was the ruling Emir of Qatar from 1995 ...
, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013) **Prime Minister – Sheikh
Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani ( ar, عبد الله بن خليفة آل ثاني; born 11 February 1958) was Prime Minister of Qatar from 29 October 1996 to 3 April 2007. He served as an advisor to the Emir and often represented him at ceremon ...
, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007) * **Monarch – **# Fahd,
King of Saudi Arabia The king of Saudi Arabia is the monarchial head of state and ruler of Saudi Arabia who holds absolute power. He is the head of the Saudi Arabian royal family, the House of Saud. The king is called the "Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques" (), a ...
(1982–2005) **#
Abdullah Abdullah may refer to: * Abdullah (name), a list of people with the given name or surname * Abdullah, Kargı, Turkey, a village * ''Abdullah'' (film), a 1980 Bollywood film directed by Sanjay Khan * '' Abdullah: The Final Witness'', a 2015 Pakis ...
,
King of Saudi Arabia The king of Saudi Arabia is the monarchial head of state and ruler of Saudi Arabia who holds absolute power. He is the head of the Saudi Arabian royal family, the House of Saud. The king is called the "Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques" (), a ...
(2005–2015) **Regent – Crown Prince
Abdullah Abdullah may refer to: * Abdullah (name), a list of people with the given name or surname * Abdullah, Kargı, Turkey, a village * ''Abdullah'' (film), a 1980 Bollywood film directed by Sanjay Khan * '' Abdullah: The Final Witness'', a 2015 Pakis ...
, Regent of Saudi Arabia (1996–2005) **Prime Minister – **# Fahd,
Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia The prime minister of Saudi Arabia is the chair of the Council of Ministers and head of government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Mohammed bin Salman has been Prime Minister since 27 September 2022. The post has always been held by either the K ...
(1982–2005) **#
Abdullah Abdullah may refer to: * Abdullah (name), a list of people with the given name or surname * Abdullah, Kargı, Turkey, a village * ''Abdullah'' (film), a 1980 Bollywood film directed by Sanjay Khan * '' Abdullah: The Final Witness'', a 2015 Pakis ...
,
Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia The prime minister of Saudi Arabia is the chair of the Council of Ministers and head of government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Mohammed bin Salman has been Prime Minister since 27 September 2022. The post has always been held by either the K ...
(2005–2015) * **President – S. R. Nathan,
President of Singapore The president of Singapore is the head of state of the Republic of Singapore. The role of the president is to safeguard the reserves and the integrity of the public service. The presidency is largely ceremonial, with the Cabinet led by the prime ...
(1999–2011) **Prime Minister –
Lee Hsien Loong Lee Hsien Loong (; born 10 February 1952) is a Singaporean politician and former brigadier-general who has been serving as Prime Minister of Singapore and Secretary-General of the People's Action Party since 2004. He has been the Member of Par ...
,
Prime Minister of Singapore The prime minister of Singapore is the head of government of the Republic of Singapore. The president appoints the prime minister, a Member of Parliament (MP) who in their opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of the majority of ...
(2004–present) * **President – **# Chandrika Kumaratunga, President of Sri Lanka (1994–2005) **# Mahinda Rajapaksa, President of Sri Lanka (2005–2015) **Prime Minister – **# Mahinda Rajapaksa, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2004–2005) **#
Ratnasiri Wickremanayake Ratnasiri Wickremanayake ( si, රත්නසිරි වික්‍රමනායක, ta, ரத்னசிறி விக்கிரமநாயக்க; 5 May 1933 – 27 December 2016) was a Sri Lankan politician who was Prime Mi ...
, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2005–2010) * **President – Bashar al-Assad,
President of Syria The president of Syria, officially the president of the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic: رئيس سوريا) is the head of state of the Syria, Syrian Arab Republic. They are vested with sweeping powers that may be delegated, at their sole discreti ...
(2000–present) **Prime Minister –
Muhammad Naji al-Otari Muhammad Naji al-Otari ( ar, محمد ناجي عطري also ''Etri'', ''Itri'' and ''Otri'') (born 1944) is a Syrian politician who was Prime Minister of Syria from 2003 to 2011.Prime Minister of Syria (2003–2011) * **President –
Chen Shui-bian Chen Shui-bian (; born 12 October 1950) is a retired Taiwanese politician and lawyer who served as the president of the Republic of China (Taiwan) from 2000 to 2008. Chen was the first president from the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) whic ...
,
President of Taiwan The president of the Republic of China, now often referred to as the president of Taiwan, is the head of state of the Republic of China (ROC), as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. The position once had au ...
(2000–2008) **Premier – **#
Yu Shyi-kun You Si-kun (; born 25 April 1948), also romanized Yu Shyi-kun, is a Taiwanese politician serving as a member and the president of the Legislative Yuan. He was one of the founding members of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), and is know ...
, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (2002–2005) **#
Frank Hsieh Frank Hsieh Chang-ting (; born May 18, 1946) is a Taiwanese politician and former defense attorney. A cofounder of the Democratic Progressive Party, he has served on the Taipei City Council, the Legislative Yuan, as the mayor of Kaohsiung Cit ...
, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (2005–2006) * **President –
Emomali Rahmon Emomali Rahmon (; born Emomali Sharipovich Rahmonov, tg, Эмомалӣ Шарӣпович Раҳмонов, script=Latn, italic=no, Emomalī Sharīpovich Rahmonov; ; born 5 October 1952) has been the 3rd President of Tajikistan since 16 Novem ...
ov,
President of Tajikistan The president of Tajikistan is the head of state and de facto head of government of the Republic of Tajikistan. The president heads the executive branch of the country's federal government and is the supreme commander in chief of the Armed Fo ...
(1992–present) **Prime Minister – Oqil Oqilov,
Prime Minister of Tajikistan The prime minister of Tajikistan is the title held by the head of government of Tajikistan. After the president, the prime minister is second most powerful person of the country. The prime minister coordinates the work of the Cabinet and advise ...
(1999–2013) * **Monarch –
Bhumibol Adulyadej Bhumibol Adulyadej ( th, ภูมิพลอดุลยเดช; ; ; (Sanskrit: ''bhūmi·bala atulya·teja'' - "might of the land, unparalleled brilliance"); 5 December 192713 October 2016), conferred with the title King Bhumibol the Great ...
,
King of Thailand The monarchy of Thailand (whose monarch is referred to as the king of Thailand; th, พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย, or historically, king of Siam; th, พระมหากษัตริย์สยาม) refers to the c ...
(1946–2016) **Prime Minister –
Thaksin Shinawatra Thaksin Shinawatra ( th, ทักษิณ ชินวัตร; ; ; Chinese: 丘達新; cnr, Taksin Šinavatra; born 26 July 1949), is a Thai businessman, politician and visiting professor. He served in the Thai Police from 1973 to 1987, ...
, Prime Minister of Thailand (2001–2006) * **President –
Ahmet Necdet Sezer Ahmet Necdet Sezer (; born 13 September 1941) is a Turkish statesman and judge who served as the tenth president of Turkey from 2000 to 2007. Previously he was president of the Constitutional Court of Turkey from 1998 to 2002. The Grand Nationa ...
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President of Turkey The president of Turkey, officially the president of the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanı), is the head of state and head of government of Turkey. The president directs the executive branch of the national govern ...
(2000–2007) **Prime Minister – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Prime Minister of Turkey (2003–2014) * **President – Saparmurat Niyazov,
President of Turkmenistan The president of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň prezidenti), officially the president and chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan, is the head of state and head of government of Turkmenistan. The president is also the supreme c ...
(1990–2006) * **President – Sheikh
Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan ( ar,  خليفة بن زايد بن سلطان آل نهيان‎; 7 September 1948 – 13 May 2022) was the second president of the United Arab Emirates and the ruler of Abu Dhabi, serving from ...
, President of the United Arab Emirates (2004–present) **Prime Minister – Sheikh
Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum ( ar, مكتوم بن راشد آل مكتوم, Maktūm bin Rāshid Āl Maktūm; 15 August 1943 – 4 January 2006) was an Emirati politician who served as the vice president and prime minister of the Unite ...
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Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates The Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates is the head of government of the Federal government of the United Arab Emirates. While not required by the UAE constitution, the practice is that the ruler of Dubai serve as the prime minister and ...
(1990–2006) * **President –
Islam Karimov Islam Abduganiyevich Karimov ( uz, Islom Abdugʻaniyevich Karimov / Ислом Абдуғаниевич Каримов, italics=no; russian: link=no, Ислам Абдуганиевич Каримов; 30 January 1938 – 2 September 2016) was t ...
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President of Uzbekistan The president of the Republic of Uzbekistan ( uz, Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Prezidenti, Ўзбекистон Республикасининг Президенти) is the head of state and executive authority in Uzbekistan. The office of Pre ...
(1990–2016) **Prime Minister –
Shavkat Mirziyoyev Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev (Uzbek Latin: ''Shavkat Miromonovich (Miromon o‘g‘li) Mirziyoyev'', Uzbek Cyrillic: Шавкат Миромонович (Миромон ўғли) Мирзиёев ; born 24 July 1957) is an Uzbek politician ...
,
Prime Minister of Uzbekistan This is a list of prime ministers of Uzbekistan ( uz, O‘zbekiston bosh vaziri), from the establishment of the office in 1925 as the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Uzbek SSR to the present day. The current prime minister, Abdulla ...
(2003–2016) * **Communist Party Leader –
Nông Đức Mạnh Nông Đức Mạnh (; born 11 September 1940) is a Vietnamese politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the most powerful position in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, from 22 April 2001 to 19 January 2011. ...
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General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam ( vi, Tổng Bí thư Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam), known as First Secretary ( vi, Bí thư Thứ nhất) from 1960 to 1976, is t ...
(2001–2011) **President –
Trần Đức Lương Trần Đức Lương (born 5 May 1937) is a Vietnamese politician who served as the fifth President of Vietnam from 1997 to 2006.Bruce M. Lockhart, William J. Duiker ''Historical Dictionary of Vietnam'', 2006, p. 371. entry Trần Đức Lươ ...
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President of Vietnam The president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Chủ tịch nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam, lit=Chairman of the nation of Socialist Republic of Vietnam) is the head of state of Vietnam, elected by the Vietnam Nat ...
(1997–2006) **Prime Minister –
Phan Văn Khải Phan Văn Khải (; 25 December 1933 – 17 March 2018) was a Vietnamese politician who served as the fifth Prime Minister of Vietnam from 25 September 1997 to 27 June 2006. Life and career Phan Văn Khải was born on 25 December 1933 in Tan T ...
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Prime Minister of Vietnam The prime minister of Vietnam ( vi, Thủ tướng Việt Nam), officially styled as the Prime Minister of the Government of the Socialist Republic ( vi, Thủ tướng Chính phủ nước Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa), is the head of g ...
(1997–2006) * **President –
Ali Abdullah Saleh Ali Abdullah Saleh al-Ahmar (, ''ʿAlī ʿAbdullāh Ṣāliḥ al-Aḥmar;'' 21 March 1947There is a dispute as to Saleh's date of birth, some saying that it was on 21 March 1942. See: However, by Saleh's own confession, he was born in 1947 al ...
,
President of Yemen The president of the Republic of Yemen is the head of state of Yemen. Under the Constitution of Yemen, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces and head of the executive branch of the Yemeni government. As of 7 April 202 ...
(1978–2012) **Prime Minister – Abdul Qadir Bajamal, Prime Minister of Yemen (2001–2007)


Europe

* **President –
Alfred Moisiu Alfred Spiro Moisiu (; born 1 December 1929) is a former Albanian military general, diplomat and politician. He was the President of Albania from 2002 to 2007. He is the oldest son of Albanian Army general, Spiro Moisiu. Early life, education ...
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President of Albania The president of Albania ( sq, Presidenti i Shqipërisë), officially styled the President of the Republic of Albania ( sq, Presidenti i Republikës së Shqipërisë), is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the military and the representa ...
(2002–2007) **Prime Minister – **#
Fatos Nano Fatos Nano (; born 16 September 1952) is an Albanian socialist politician who served as Prime Minister of Albania in 1991, from 1997 to 1998 and from 2002 to 2005. He was the first leader and founder of the Socialist Party of Albania and a member ...
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Prime Minister of Albania The Prime Minister of Albania ( sq, Kryeministri i Shqipërisë), officially styled Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania ( sq, Kryeministri i Republikës së Shqipërisë), is the head of government of the Republic of Albania and the mo ...
(2002–2005) **#
Sali Berisha Sali Ram Berisha (; born 15 October 1944) is an Albanian conservative politician and former cardiologist who served as the second President of Albania from 1992 to 1997 and Prime Minister from 2005 to 2013. He is also the current chairman of ...
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Prime Minister of Albania The Prime Minister of Albania ( sq, Kryeministri i Shqipërisë), officially styled Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania ( sq, Kryeministri i Republikës së Shqipërisë), is the head of government of the Republic of Albania and the mo ...
(2005–2013) * **Monarchs – ***French Co-Prince – Jacques Chirac, French Co-prince of Andorra (1995–2007) ****Co-Prince's Representative – Philippe Massoni (2002–2007) ***Episcopal Co-Prince – Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (2003–present) ****Co-Prince's Representative – Nemesi Marqués Oste (1993–2012) **Prime Minister – **# Marc Forné Molné,
Head of Government of Andorra The head of government of the Principality of Andorra (), alternatively known as the Prime Minister of Andorra, is the chief executive of the government of Andorra. They are appointed by the General Council. The position was created in 1982 aft ...
(1994–2005) **#
Albert Pintat Albert Pintat Santolària (; born 23 June 1943) is an Andorran citizen, who served as the prime minister of Andorra from 27 February 2005 to 5 June 2009. Pintat graduated from the University of Fribourg in Switzerland in 1967, majoring in economi ...
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Head of Government of Andorra The head of government of the Principality of Andorra (), alternatively known as the Prime Minister of Andorra, is the chief executive of the government of Andorra. They are appointed by the General Council. The position was created in 1982 aft ...
(2005–2009) * **President –
Robert Kocharyan Robert Sedraki Kocharyan ( hy, Ռոբերտ Սեդրակի Քոչարյան ; born 31 August 1954) is an Armenian politician. He served as the President of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic from 1994 to 1997 and Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh fro ...
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President of Armenia The president of Armenia ( hy, Հայաստանի Նախագահ, Hayastani Nakhagah) is the head of state and the guarantor of independence and territorial integrity of Armenia elected to a single seven-year term by the National Assembly of Arm ...
(1998–2008) **Prime Minister –
Andranik Margaryan Andranik Nahapeti Margaryan ( hy, Անդրանիկ Նահապետի Մարգարյան; 12 June 1951 – 25 March 2007) served as the Prime Minister of Armenia from 12 May 2000, when the President appointed him, until his death on 25 March 20 ...
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Prime Minister of Armenia The prime minister of Armenia is the head of government and most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "determine the main directions of policy of the Government, manage the activities of the Gov ...
(2000–2007) * **President –
Heinz Fischer Heinz Fischer Order of Prince Henry, GColIH Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, OMRI Royal Order of the Seraphim, RSerafO Military Order of Saint James of the Sword, GCollSE (; born 9 October 1938) is a former Austrian politician. He took off ...
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Federal President of Austria The president of Austria (german: Bundespräsident der Republik Österreich) is the head of state of the Republic of Austria. Though theoretically entrusted with great power by the Constitution, in practice the president is largely a ceremonial ...
(2004–2016) **Chancellor –
Wolfgang Schüssel Wolfgang Schüssel (; born 7 June 1945) is an Austrian People's Party politician. He was Chancellor of Austria for two consecutive terms from February 2000 to January 2007. While being recognised as a rare example of an active reformer in conte ...
, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2000–2007) * **President – Ilham Aliyev,
President of Azerbaijan The president of the Republic of Azerbaijan is the head of state of Azerbaijan. The Constitution states that the president is the embodiment of executive power, commander-in-chief, "representative of Azerbaijan in home and foreign policies", ...
(2003–present) **Prime Minister –
Artur Rasizade Artur Tahir oghlu Rasizade ( az, Artur Tahir oğlu Rasizadə; born 26 February 1935) is an Azerbaijani politician who served as the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan from 1996 until 2003, and again from 2003 until 2018. Rasizade was a long-time Communis ...
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Prime Minister of Azerbaijan The prime minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Ali Asadov on 8 October 2019 after the removal of his predecessor, Novruz Mammadov. Due to the central role of the president in the politic ...
(2003–2018) ** ( unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President –
Arkadi Ghukasyan Arkadi Arshaviri Ghukasyan ( hy, Արկադի Արշավիրի Ղուկասյան, born 22 June 1957) was the second President of the self-proclaimed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. He was elected as the President on 8 September 1997 and re-elected i ...
, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (1997–2007) ***Prime Minister –
Anushavan Danielyan Anushavan Sureni Danielyan ( hy, Անուշավան Սուրենի Դանիելյան; born 1 August 1956) was Prime Minister of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic ( Artsakh) from June 1999 through September 2007. He was succeeded by Arayik Harutyunyan ...
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Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh The Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic was the head of government of the unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh Republic between 1992 and 2017. The position of Prime Minister was established in 1992, and was appointed by the head of state—the ...
(1999–2007) * **President –
Alexander Lukashenko Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko (as transliterated from Russian; also transliterated from Belarusian as Alyaksand(a)r Ryhoravich Lukashenka;, ; rus, Александр Григорьевич Лукашенко, Aleksandr Grigoryevich Luk ...
,
President of Belarus The president of the Republic of Belarus ( be, Прэзідэнт Рэспублікі Беларусь; russian: Президент Республики Беларусь) is the head of state and head of government of Belarus. The office was cre ...
(1994–present) **Prime Minister –
Sergei Sidorsky Sergei Sergeevich Sidorsky ( be, Сярге́й Сярге́евіч Сідо́рскі, tr. ''Syarhey Syarheyevich Sidorski'', ; russian: Серге́й Серге́евич Сидо́рский, tr. ''Sergey Sergeyevich Sidorskiy''; born Mar ...
,
Prime Minister of Belarus The prime minister of the Republic of Belarus (; ) is the deputy head of government of Belarus. Until 1991, it was known as the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic as the head of the government of t ...
(2003–2010) * **Monarch – Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–2013) **Prime Minister – Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium (1999–2008) * **Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina ***Serb Member –
Borislav Paravac Borislav Paravac ( sr-Cyrl, Борислав Паравац; born 18 February 1943) is a Bosnian Serb politician who served as the 4th Serb member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2003 to 2006. Previously, he was a member of both ...
(2003–2006;
Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina The chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the presiding member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which collectively serves as head of state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Željka Cvijanović has been the incumbent office ...
, 2004–2005) ***Bosniak Member –
Sulejman Tihić Sulejman Tihić (26 November 1951 – 25 September 2014) was a Bosnian politician who served as the 4th Bosniak member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2002 to 2006. He was a member and later president of the Party of Democratic ...
(2002–2006) ***Croat Member – ***#
Dragan Čović Dragan Čović (; born 20 August 1956) is a Bosnian Croat politician who served as the 4th Croat member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2002 to 2005 and from 2014 to 2018. He is the current president of the Croatian Democrat ...
(2002–2005) ***#
Ivo Miro Jović Ivo Miro Jović (born 15 July 1950) is a Bosnian Croat former politician who served as the 5th Croat member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2005 to 2006. He was a member of both the national House of Peoples and House of Repre ...
(2005–2006;
Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina The chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the presiding member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which collectively serves as head of state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Željka Cvijanović has been the incumbent office ...
, 2005–2006) **Prime Minister – Adnan Terzić,
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina The chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Bosnian/ Croatian: ''Predsjedavajući Vijeća ministara Bosne i Hercegovine'', ) is the head of the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The chairman of the Council of Minist ...
(2002–2007) **High Representative – Lord (Paddy) Ashdown,
High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina The High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, together with the Office of the High Representative (OHR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, were created in 1995 immediately after the signing of the Dayton Agreement which ended the 1992–1995 Bos ...
(2002–2006) * **President –
Georgi Parvanov Georgi Sedefchov Parvanov ( bg, Георги Седефчов Първанов, ) (born 28 June 1957) is a Bulgarian historian and politician who was President of Bulgaria from 2002 to 2012. He was elected after defeating incumbent Petar Sto ...
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President of Bulgaria The president of the Republic of Bulgaria is the head of state of Bulgaria and the commander-in-chief of the Bulgarian Army. The official residence of the president is at Boyana Residence, Sofia. After the completion of the second round of votin ...
(2002–2012) **Prime Minister – **# Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2001–2005) **#
Sergei Stanishev Sergey Dmitrievich Stanishev ( bg, Сергей Дмитриевич Станишев ; born 5 May 1966) is a Bulgarian politician who is serving as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP). He previously served as President of the Party of Eu ...
, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2005–2009) * **President –
Stjepan Mesić Stjepan "Stipe" Mesić (; born 24 December 1934) is a Croatian lawyer and politician who served as President of Croatia from 2000 to 2010. Before serving two five-year terms as president, he was prime minister of SR Croatia (1990) after the fir ...
,
President of Croatia The president of Croatia, officially the President of the Republic of Croatia ( hr, Predsjednik Republike Hrvatske), is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the military and chief representative of the Republic of Croatia both within the ...
(2000–2010) **Prime Minister –
Ivo Sanader Ivo Sanader (born 8 June 1953) is a former Croatian politician who served as Prime Minister of Croatia from 2003 to 2009. He is to date the second longest-serving prime minister since independence, holding the office for over five and a half ye ...
,
Prime Minister of Croatia , type = Head of Government , member_of = , reports_to = Croatian Parliament , appointer = Croatian Parliament , nominator = President of Croatia , termlength = At the pleasure of the parliamentary majority. Parliamentary elections must be h ...
(2003–2009) * **President –
Tassos Papadopoulos Efstathios "Tassos" Nikolaou Papadopoulos ( el, Ευστάθιος (Τάσσος) Νικολάου Παπαδόπουλος; 7 January 1934 – 12 December 2008) was a Cypriot politician and barrister who served as the fifth president of Cyp ...
,
President of Cyprus The president of Cyprus, officially the president of the Republic of Cyprus, is the head of state and the head of government of Cyprus. The office was created in 1960, after Cyprus gained its independence from the United Kingdom. Currently, t ...
(2003–2008) ** ( unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – ***#
Rauf Denktaş Rauf Raif Denktaş (27 January 1924 – 13 January 2012) was a Turkish Cypriot politician, barrister and jurist who served as the founding president of Northern Cyprus. He occupied this position as the president of the Turkish Republic of Nor ...
,
President of Northern Cyprus The president of Northern Cyprus is the head of state of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Rauf Denktaş was the first and founding president of Northern Cyprus, and retired in 2005. His position was taken over by Mehmet Ali Talat, fo ...
(1976–2005) ***#
Mehmet Ali Talat Mehmet Ali Talat (born 6 July 1952) is a Turkish Cypriot politician who served as the president of Northern Cyprus from 2005 to 2010. Talat was the leader of the social democratic Republican Turkish Party ( tr, Cumhuriyetçi Türk Partisi, CTP) ...
,
President of Northern Cyprus The president of Northern Cyprus is the head of state of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Rauf Denktaş was the first and founding president of Northern Cyprus, and retired in 2005. His position was taken over by Mehmet Ali Talat, fo ...
(2005–2010) ***Prime Minister – ***#
Mehmet Ali Talat Mehmet Ali Talat (born 6 July 1952) is a Turkish Cypriot politician who served as the president of Northern Cyprus from 2005 to 2010. Talat was the leader of the social democratic Republican Turkish Party ( tr, Cumhuriyetçi Türk Partisi, CTP) ...
,
Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic. The president is head of state and the prime minister head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive p ...
(2004–2005) ***#
Ferdi Sabit Soyer Ferdi Sabit Soyer (; born March 5, 1952) is a former Prime Minister of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, and former Leader of Republican Turkish Party (CTP). Soyer, a former union leader, has been a member of the TRNC parliament since 1985 ...
,
Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic. The president is head of state and the prime minister head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive p ...
(2005–2009) * **President –
Václav Klaus Václav Klaus (; born 19 June 1941) is a Czech economist and politician who served as the second president of the Czech Republic from 2003 to 2013. From July 1992 until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in January 1993, he served as the second ...
, President of the Czech Republic (2003–2013) **Prime Minister – **#
Stanislav Gross Stanislav Gross (; 30 October 1969 – 16 April 2015) was a Czech lawyer and politician who served as the prime minister of the Czech Republic and leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party from 2004 until 2005 when he resigned as a result of h ...
, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2004–2005) **# Jiří Paroubek, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2005–2006) * **Monarch –
Margrethe II Margrethe II (; Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid, born 16 April 1940) is Queen of Denmark. Having reigned as Denmark's monarch for over 50 years, she is Europe's longest-serving current head of state and the world's only incumbent fema ...
, monarchy of Denmark, Queen of Denmark (1972–present) **Prime Minister – Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2001–2009) * **President – Arnold Rüütel, President of Estonia (2001–2006) **Prime Minister – **#Juhan Parts, Prime Minister of Estonia (2003–2005) **#Andrus Ansip, Prime Minister of Estonia (2005–2014) * **President – Tarja Halonen, President of Finland (2000–2012) **Prime Minister – Matti Vanhanen, Prime Minister of Finland (2003–2010) * **President – Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995–2007) **Prime Minister – **#Jean-Pierre Raffarin, Prime Minister of France (2002–2005) **#Dominique de Villepin, Prime Minister of France (2005–2007) * **President – Mikheil Saakashvili, President of Georgia (2004–2007) **Prime Minister – **#Zurab Zhvania, Prime Minister of Georgia (2004–2005) **#Zurab Noghaideli, Prime Minister of Georgia (2005–2007) ** (international recognition of Abkhazia, unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – ***#Vladislav Ardzinba, President of Abkhazia (1990–2005) ***#Sergei Bagapsh, President of Abkhazia (2005–2011) ***Prime Minister – ***#Nodar Khashba, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2004–2005) ***#Alexander Ankvab, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2005–2010) ** (international recognition of South Ossetia, unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – Eduard Kokoity, President of South Ossetia (2001–2011) ***Prime Minister – ***#Igor Sanakoyev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2003–2005) ***#Zurab Kokoyev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia, Acting Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2005) ***#Yury Morozov, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2005–2008) * **President – Horst Köhler, President of Germany, Federal President of Germany (2004–2010) **Chancellor – **#Gerhard Schröder, Chancellor of Germany (1949–), Federal Chancellor of Germany (1998–2005) **#Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany (1949–), Federal Chancellor of Germany (2005–2021) * **President – **#Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995–2005) **#Karolos Papoulias, President of Greece (2005–2015) **Prime Minister – Kostas Karamanlis, Prime Minister of Greece (2004–2009) * **President – **#Ferenc Mádl, President of Hungary (2000–2005) **#László Sólyom, President of Hungary (2005–2010) **Prime Minister – Ferenc Gyurcsány, Prime Minister of Hungary (2004–2009) * **President – Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–2016) **Prime Minister – Halldór Ásgrímsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (2004–2006) * **President – Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011) **Prime Minister – Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach, Taoiseach of Ireland (1997–2008) * **President – Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of Italy (1999–2006) **Prime Minister – Silvio Berlusconi, Prime Minister of Italy, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2001–2006) * **President – Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President of Latvia (1999–2007) **Prime Minister – Aigars Kalvītis, Prime Minister of Latvia (2004–2007) * **Monarch – Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein, Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present) **Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein, Alois, Regent of Liechtenstein (2004–present) **Prime Minister – Otmar Hasler, Prime Minister of Liechtenstein, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (2001–2009) * **President – Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania (2004–2009) **Prime Minister – Algirdas Brazauskas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2001–2006) * **Monarch – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Henri, monarchy of Luxembourg, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present) **Prime Minister – Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013) * **President – Branko Crvenkovski, President of Macedonia (2004–2009) **Prime Minister – Vlado Bučkovski, Prime Minister of Macedonia, President of the Government of Macedonia (2004–2006) * **President – Eddie Fenech Adami, President of Malta (2004–2009) **Prime Minister – Lawrence Gonzi, Prime Minister of Malta (2004–2013) * **President – Vladimir Voronin, President of Moldova (2001–2009) **Prime Minister – Vasile Tarlev, Prime Minister of Moldova (2001–2008) ** (international recognition of Transnistria, unrecognised, secessionist state) ***President – Igor Smirnov (politician), Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011) * **Monarch – **#Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, Rainier III, monarchy of Monaco, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005) **#Albert II, Prince of Monaco, Albert II, monarchy of Monaco, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (2005–present) **Regent – Hereditary Prince Albert II, Prince of Monaco, Albert, Regent of Monaco (2005) **Prime Minister – **#Patrick Leclercq, Minister of State (Monaco), Minister of State of Monaco (2000–2005) **#Jean-Paul Proust, Minister of State (Monaco), Minister of State of Monaco (2005–2010) * **Monarch – Beatrix of the Netherlands, Beatrix, monarchy of the Netherlands, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013) ** (Constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) ***Prime Minister – Jan Peter Balkenende, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2002–2010) ** (Constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) ***''see '' ** (Constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) ***''see '' * **Monarch – Harald V of Norway, Harald V, monarchy of Norway, King of Norway (1991–present) **Regent – Crown Prince Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway, Haakon, Regent of Norway (2005) **Prime Minister – **#Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway (2001–2005) **#Jens Stoltenberg, Prime Minister of Norway (2005–2013) * **President – **#Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland (1995–2005) **#Lech Kaczyński, President of Poland (2005–2010) **Prime Minister – **#Marek Belka, Prime Minister of Poland, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2004–2005) **#Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz, Prime Minister of Poland, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2005–2006) * **President – Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006) **Prime Minister – **#Pedro Santana Lopes, Prime Minister of Portugal (2004–2005) **#José Sócrates, Prime Minister of Portugal (2005–2011) * **President – Traian Băsescu, President of Romania (2004–2014) **Prime Minister – Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu, Prime Minister of Romania (2004–2008) * **President – Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (1999–2008) **Prime Minister – Mikhail Fradkov, Prime Minister of Russia, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2004–2007) * **Captains-Regent – **#Giuseppe Arzilli and Roberto Raschi, Captains Regent, Captains Regent of San Marino (2004–2005) **#Fausta Morganti and Cesare Gasperoni, Captains Regent, Captains Regent of San Marino (2005) **#Claudio Muccioli and Antonello Bacciocchi, Captains Regent, Captains Regent of San Marino (2005–2006) * **President – Svetozar Marović, President of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006) **Prime Minister – Svetozar Marović, Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006) **Kosovo (Kosovo#Post-war, Self-Governing Entity United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo, under UN administration) ***President – Ibrahim Rugova, President of Kosovo (2002–2006) ***Prime Minister – ***#Ramush Haradinaj, Prime Minister of Kosovo (2004–2005) ***#Adem Salihaj, Prime Minister of Kosovo, Acting Prime Minister of Kosovo (2005–2005) ***#Bajram Kosumi, Prime Minister of Kosovo (2005–2006) ***UN Special Representative – Søren Jessen-Petersen, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Kosovo, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2004–2006) * **President – Ivan Gašparovič, President of Slovakia (2004–2014) **Prime Minister – Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006) * **President – Janez Drnovšek, President of Slovenia (2002–2007) **Prime Minister – Janez Janša, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2004–2008) * **Monarch – Juan Carlos I of Spain, Juan Carlos I, monarchy of Spain, King of Spain (1975–2014) **Prime Minister – José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, Prime Minister of Spain, President of the Government of Spain (2004–2011) * **Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, Carl XVI Gustaf, monarchy of Sweden, King of Sweden (1973–present) **Prime Minister – Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1996–2006) * **Council – Swiss Federal Council, Federal Council of Switzerland ***Members – Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010), Pascal Couchepin (1998–2009), Joseph Deiss (1999–2006), Samuel Schmid (2000–2008; President of the Swiss Confederation, President of Switzerland, 2005), Micheline Calmy-Rey (2002–2011), Christoph Blocher (2003–2007), and Hans-Rudolf Merz (2003–2010) * **President – **#Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine (1994–2005) **#Viktor Yushchenko, President of Ukraine (2005–2010) **Prime Minister – **#Viktor Yanukovych, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2002–2005) **#Mykola Azarov, Prime Minister of Ukraine, Acting Prime Minister of Ukraine (2005) **#Yulia Tymoshenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2005) **#Yuriy Yekhanurov, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2005–2006) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of the United Kingdom, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present) **Prime Minister – Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007) ** (Crown dependencies, Crown dependency of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
) ***Lieutenant-Governor – ***#Ian Macfadyen, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (2000–2005) ***#Mike Kerruish, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man, Acting Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (2005) ***#Sir Paul Haddacks, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (2005–2011) ***Chief Minister – Donald Gelling, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (2004–2006) ** (Crown dependencies, Crown dependency of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
) ***Lieutenant-Governor – ***#Sir John Foley (British Army general, born 1939), John Foley, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (2000–2005) ***#Sir Geoffrey Rowland, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey, Acting Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (2005) ***#Sir Fabian Malbon, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (2005–2011) ***Chief Minister – Laurie Morgan, Chief Minister of Guernsey (2004–2007) ** (Crown dependencies, Crown dependency of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
) ***Lieutenant-Governor – Sir John Cheshire, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (2001–2006) ***Chief Minister – Frank Walker (Jersey politician), Frank Walker, Chief Minister of Jersey (2005–2008) ** (
Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...
of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
) ***Governor – Sir Francis Richards (diplomat), Francis Richards, Governor of Gibraltar (2003–2006) ***Chief Minister – Peter Caruana, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1996–2011) * **Monarch – **#Pope John Paul II, list of sovereigns of Vatican City State, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005) **#''Cardinal Eduardo Martínez Somalo and Cardinal Pope Benedict XVI, Joseph Ratzinger;'' sede vacante#Vacancy of the Holy See, ''interim Government during'' sede vacante (2005) **#Pope Benedict XVI, list of sovereigns of Vatican City State, Sovereign of Vatican City (2005–2013) **Head of Government – Cardinal Edmund Szoka, President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1997–2006) **Holy See (legal status of the Holy See, ''sui generis'' subject of public international law) ***Secretary of State – Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990–2006)


North America

* (
Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...
of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
) **Governor – Alan Huckle, Governor of Anguilla (2004–2006) **Chief Minister – Osbourne Fleming, Chief Minister of Anguilla (2000–2010) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present) **Governor-General – Sir James Carlisle, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007) **Prime Minister – Baldwin Spencer (politician), Baldwin Spencer, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (2004–2014) * (Constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) **Governor – Fredis Refunjol, Governor of Aruba (2004–2016) **Prime Minister – Nelson Oduber, Prime Minister of Aruba (2001–2009) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of the Bahamas, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present) **Governor-General – **#Dame Ivy Dumont, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2001–2005) **#Paul Adderley, Governor-General of the Bahamas, Acting Governor-General of the Bahamas (2005–2006) **Prime Minister – Perry Christie, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (2002–2007) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Barbados, Queen of Barbados (1966–2021) **Governor-General – Sir Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011) **Prime Minister – Owen Arthur, Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Belize, Queen of Belize (1981–present) **Governor-General – Sir Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–2021) **Prime Minister – Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize (1998–2008) * (
Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...
of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
) **Governor – Sir John Vereker (governor), John Vereker, Governor of Bermuda (2002–2007) **Premier – Alex Scott (politician), Alex Scott, Premier of Bermuda (2003–2006) * (
Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...
of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
) **Governor – Tom Macan, Governor of the Virgin Islands, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (2002–2006) **Chief Minister – Orlando Smith, Chief Minister of the Virgin Islands, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (2003–2007) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Canada, Queen of Canada (1952–present) **Governor-General – **#Adrienne Clarkson, Governor General of Canada (1999–2005) **#Michaëlle Jean, Governor General of Canada (2005–2010) **Prime Minister – Paul Martin, Prime Minister of Canada (2003–2006) * (
Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...
of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
) **Governor – **#Bruce Dinwiddy, Governor of the Cayman Islands (2002–2005) **#George A. McCarthy, Governor of the Cayman Islands, Acting Governor of the Cayman Islands (2005) **#Stuart Jack, Governor of the Cayman Islands (2005–2009) **Head of Government – **#McKeeva Bush, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands (2001–2005) **#Kurt Tibbetts, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands (2005–2009) * **President – Abel Pacheco, President of Costa Rica (2002–2006) * **Communist Party Leader – Fidel Castro, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011) **President – Fidel Castro, President of Cuba, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008) **Prime Minister – Fidel Castro, Prime Minister of Cuba, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008) * **President – Nicholas Liverpool, President of Dominica (2003–2012) **Prime Minister – Roosevelt Skerrit, Prime Minister of Dominica (2004–present) * **President – Leonel Fernández, President of the Dominican Republic (2004–2012) * **President – Antonio Saca, President of El Salvador (2004–2009) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Grenada, Queen of Grenada (1974–present) **Governor-General – Sir Daniel Williams (governor-general), Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–2008) **Prime Minister – Keith Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008) * **President – Óscar Berger, President of Guatemala (2004–2008) * **President – Boniface Alexandre, President of Haiti (2004–2006) **Prime Minister – Gérard Latortue, Prime Minister of Haiti (2004–2006) * **President – Ricardo Maduro, President of Honduras (2002–2006) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Jamaica, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present) **Governor-General – Sir Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–2006) **Prime Minister – P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992–2006) * **President – Vicente Fox, President of Mexico (2000–2006) * (
Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...
of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
) **Governor – Deborah Barnes-Jones, Governor of Montserrat (2004–2007) **Chief Minister – John Osborne (Montserrat politician), John Osborne, Chief Minister of Montserrat (2001–2006) * (Constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) **Governor – Frits Goedgedrag, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (2002–2010) **Prime Minister – Etienne Ys, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (2004–2006) * **President – Enrique Bolaños, President of Nicaragua (2002–2007) * **President – Martín Torrijos, President of Panama (2004–2009) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present) **Governor-General – Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–2013) **Prime Minister – Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–2015) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Saint Lucia, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present) **Governor-General – Dame Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–2017) **Prime Minister – Kenny Anthony, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1997–2006) *  (
overseas collectivity The French overseas collectivities (''collectivité d'outre-mer'' or ''COM'') are first-order administrative divisions of France, like the French regions, but have a semi-autonomous status. The COMs include some former French overseas colonies ...
of
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
) **Prefect – **#Claude Valleix, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002–2005) **#Albert Dupuy, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2005–2006) **Head of Government – **#Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2000–2005) **#Paul Jaccachury, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Acting President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2005–2006) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present) **Governor-General – Sir Frederick Ballantyne, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2002–2019) **Prime Minister – Ralph Gonsalves, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001–present) * **President – George Maxwell Richards, President of Trinidad and Tobago (2003–2013) **Prime Minister – Patrick Manning, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2001–2010) * (
Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...
of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
) **Governor – **#Jim Poston, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2002–2005) **#Mahala Wynns, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands, Acting Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2005) **#Richard Tauwhare, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2005–2008) **Premier – Michael Misick, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2003–2009) * **President – George W. Bush, President of the United States (2001–2009) ** (Commonwealth (U.S. insular area), Commonwealth of the United States) ***Governor – ***#Sila María Calderón, Governor of Puerto Rico (2001–2005) ***#Aníbal Acevedo Vilá, Governor of Puerto Rico (2005–2009) ** (insular area of the United States) ***Governor – Charles Wesley Turnbull, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1999–2007)


Oceania

* (Territories of the United States, unorganised, territories of the United States, unincorporated territory of the United States) **Governor – Togiola Tulafono, Governor of American Samoa (2003–2013) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Australia, Queen of Australia (1952–present) **Governor-General – Michael Jeffery, Governor-General of Australia (2003–2008) **Prime Minister – John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996–2007) ** (Australian Indian Ocean Territories, external territory of Australia) ***Administrator – Evan Williams (diplomat), Evan Williams, Administrator of Christmas Island (2003–2005) ***Shire-President – Gordon Thomson (Christmas Island), Gordon Thomson, President of Shire of Christmas Island Shire Council, Shire president of Christmas Island (2003–2011) ** (Australian Indian Ocean Territories, external territory of Australia) ***Administrator – Evan Williams (diplomat), Evan Williams, Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2003–2005) ***Shire-President – Ronald Grant (Cocos Islands), Ronald Grant, President of the Shire of Cocos Council, Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2001–2007) ** (politics of Norfolk Island#Relationship with Australia, self-governing territory of Australia) ***Administrator – Grant Tambling, Administrator of Norfolk Island (2003–2007) ***Chief Minister – Geoffrey Robert Gardner, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2001–2006) * **President – Ratu Josefa Iloilo, President of Fiji (2000–2006) **Prime Minister – Laisenia Qarase, Prime Minister of Fiji (2001–2006) *  (
overseas collectivity The French overseas collectivities (''collectivité d'outre-mer'' or ''COM'') are first-order administrative divisions of France, like the French regions, but have a semi-autonomous status. The COMs include some former French overseas colonies ...
of
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
) **High Commissioner – **#Michel Mathieu (French politician), Michel Mathieu, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2001–2005) **#Jacques Michaut, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia, Acting High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2005) **#Anne Bouquet, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2005–2008) **President – **#Gaston Flosse, President of French Polynesia (2004–2005) **#Oscar Temaru, President of French Polynesia (2005–2006) * (insular area of the United States) **Governor – Felix Perez Camacho, Governor of Guam (2003–2011) * **President – Anote Tong, President of Kiribati (2003–2016) * **President – Kessai Note, President of the Marshall Islands (2000–2008) * **President – Joseph Urusemal, President of Micronesia (2003–2007) * **President – Ludwig Scotty, President of Nauru (2004–2007) * (French overseas departments and territories#Special collectivity, ''sui generis'' collectivity of
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
) **High Commissioner – **#Daniel Constantin (administrator), Daniel Constantin, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2002–2005) **#Louis Le Franc, High Commissioner of New Caledonia, Acting High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2005) **#Michel Mathieu (French politician), Michel Mathieu, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2005–2007) **Head of Government – Marie-Noëlle Thémereau, President of the Government of New Caledonia (2004–2007) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of New Zealand, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present) **Governor-General – Dame Silvia Cartwright, Governor-General of New Zealand (2001–2006) **Prime Minister – Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999–2008) ** (associated state of New Zealand) ***Queen's Representative – Sir Frederick Tutu Goodwin, Queen's Representative, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (2001–2013) ***Prime Minister – Jim Marurai, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (2004–2010) ** (associated state of New Zealand) ***Premier – Young Vivian, Premier of Niue (2002–2008) **Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand) ***Administrator – Neil Walter, Administrator of Tokelau (2003–2006) ***Head of Government – ***#Patuki Isaako, list of heads of government of Tokelau, Head of Government of Tokelau (2004–2005) ***#Pio Tuia, list of heads of government of Tokelau, Head of Government of Tokelau (2005–2006) * (Commonwealth (U.S. insular area), Commonwealth of the United States) **Governor – Juan Babauta, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (2002–2006) * **President – Tommy Remengesau, President of Palau (2001–2009) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Papua New Guinea, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present) **Governor-General – Sir Paulias Matane, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2004–2010) **Prime Minister – Sir Michael Somare, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2002–2010) * (
Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...
of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
) **Governor – Richard Fell, Governor of Pitcairn, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2001–2006) **Mayor – Jay Warren, Mayor of Pitcairn, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (2005–2007) * **Head of State – Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa (1962–2007) **Prime Minister – Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa (1998–2021) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of the Solomon Islands, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present) **Governor-General – Sir Nathaniel Waena, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (2004–2009) **Prime Minister – Sir Allan Kemakeza, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2001–2006) * **Monarch – Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, monarchy of Tonga, King of Tonga (1965–2006) **Prime Minister – Prince Tupou VI, Lavaka Ata ʻUlukālala, Prime Minister of Tonga (2000–2006) * **Monarch – Elizabeth II, monarchy of Tuvalu, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present) **Governor-General – **#Faimalaga Luka, Governor-General of Tuvalu (2003–2005) **#Filoimea Telito, Governor-General of Tuvalu (2005–2010) **Prime Minister – Maatia Toafa, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2004–2006) * **President – Kalkot Mataskelekele, President of Vanuatu (2004–2009) **Prime Minister – Ham Lini, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2004–2008) *  (
overseas collectivity The French overseas collectivities (''collectivité d'outre-mer'' or ''COM'') are first-order administrative divisions of France, like the French regions, but have a semi-autonomous status. The COMs include some former French overseas colonies ...
of
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
) **Administrator – **#Christian Job, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2002–2005) **#Xavier de Fürst, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2005–2006) **Head of Government – **#Patalione Kanimoa, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2001–2005) **#Apeleto Likuvalu, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2005) **#Emeni Simete, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2005–2007)


South America

* **President – Néstor Kirchner, President of Argentina (2003–2007) * **President – **#Carlos Mesa, President of Bolivia (2003–2005) **#Eduardo Rodríguez (politician), Eduardo Rodríguez, President of Bolivia (2005–2006) * **President – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil (2003–2010) * **President – Ricardo Lagos, President of Chile (2000–2006) * **President – Álvaro Uribe, President of Colombia (2002–2010) * **President – **#Lucio Gutiérrez, President of Ecuador (2003–2005) **#Alfredo Palacio, President of Ecuador (2005–2007) * (
Overseas Territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or an ...
of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
) **Governor – Howard Pearce, Governor of the Falkland Islands (2002–2006) * **President – Bharrat Jagdeo, President of Guyana (1999–2011) **Prime Minister – Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999–2015) * **President – Nicanor Duarte, President of Paraguay (2003–2008) * **President – Alejandro Toledo, President of Peru (2001–2006) **Prime Minister – **#Carlos Ferrero, Prime Minister of Peru, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2003–2005) **#Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, Prime Minister of Peru, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2005–2006) * **President – Ronald Venetiaan, President of Suriname (2000–2010) * **President – **#Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, President of Uruguay (2000–2005) **#Tabaré Vázquez, President of Uruguay (2005–2010) * **President – Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (2002–2013)


Notes


External links


Rulers
list of rulers throughout time and places
WorldStatesmen
n online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories {{Lists of 21st-century state leaders 2005 in politics, State leaders 2005-related lists, State leaders 2005 in international relations, State leaders Lists of state leaders by year, 2005