List Of MeSH Codes (E05)
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Medical Subject Headings Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a comprehensive controlled vocabulary for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. It serves as a thesaurus that facilitates searching. Created and updated by the United States N ...
(MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM). This list continues the information at the List of MeSH codes (E04). Codes following these are found in the
List of MeSH codes (E06) The following is a partial list of the "E" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM). This list continues the information at List of MeSH codes (E05). Codes following these are ...
. For other MeSH codes, see List of MeSH codes. The source for this content is the set o
2006 MeSH Trees
from the NLM.


investigative techniques Investigation or Investigations may refer to: Law enforcement * Investigation, the work of a detective * Investigation, the work of a private investigator * Criminal investigation, the study of facts, used to identify, locate and prove the guil ...


animal experimentation


rotarod performance test The rotarod performance test is a performance test based on a rotating rod with forced motor activity being applied, usually by a rodent. The test measures parameters such as riding time (seconds) or endurance. Some of the functions of the test in ...


vivisection


animal identification systems


anthropometry


cephalometry


odontometry


pelvimetry


artifacts


autoanalysis


autopsy An autopsy (post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or autopsia cadaverum) is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode, and manner of death or to evaluate any di ...


biological assay


endpoint determination


limulus test


biomedical enhancement


genetic enhancement


body weights and measures


body mass index Body mass index (BMI) is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of a person. The BMI is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is expressed in units of kg/m2, resulting from mass in kilograms and he ...


body size Body may refer to: In science * Physical body, an object in physics that represents a large amount, has mass or takes up space * Body (biology), the physical material of an organism * Body plan, the physical features shared by a group of anima ...

* –
body height Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect. It is measured using a stadiometer, in centimetres when using the metric system or SI system, or feet and inches when us ...
* –
body weight Human body weight is a person's mass or weight. Strictly speaking, body weight is the measurement of weight without items located on the person. Practically though, body weight may be measured with clothes on, but without shoes or heavy accessor ...
* – birth weight * –
fetal weight Birth weight is the body weight of a baby at its birth. The average birth weight in babies of European descent is , with the normative range between . On average, babies of South Asian and Chinese descent weigh about . As far as low birth weigh ...


body surface area


crown-rump length


organ size Organ may refer to: Biology * Organ (biology), a part of an organism Musical instruments * Organ (music), a family of keyboard musical instruments characterized by sustained tone ** Electronic organ, an electronic keyboard instrument ** Hammo ...


skinfold thickness The body fat percentage (BFP) of a human or other living being is the total mass of fat divided by total body mass, multiplied by 100; body fat includes essential body fat and storage body fat. Essential body fat is necessary to maintain life and ...


tumor burden


waist-hip ratio


brain mapping


calibration


calorimetry


calorimetry, indirect


catheterization In medicine, a catheter (/ˈkæθətər/) is a thin tube made from medical grade materials serving a broad range of functions. Catheters are medical devices that can be inserted in the body to treat diseases or perform a surgical procedure. Cath ...


cementation


centrifugation Centrifugation is a mechanical process which involves the use of the centrifugal force to separate particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, medium viscosity and rotor speed. The denser components of the mixture migrate ...


ultracentrifugation

* – centrifugation, density gradient * – centrifugation, isopycnic * – centrifugation, zonal


chemistry, analytical


activation analysis Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is the nuclear process used for determining the concentrations of elements in many materials. NAA allows discrete sampling of elements as it disregards the chemical form of a sample, and focuses solely on atomic ...

* –
neutron activation analysis Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is the nuclear process used for determining the concentrations of elements in many materials. NAA allows discrete sampling of elements as it disregards the chemical form of a sample, and focuses solely on atomic ...


biuret reaction


calorimetry

* – calorimetry, differential scanning


chemical fractionation

* – fractionation, field flow


chromatography

* – chromatography, gas * – flame ionization * – mass fragmentography * – chromatography, liquid * – chromatography, affinity * – chromatography, gel * – chromatography, agarose * –
chromatography, high pressure liquid High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), formerly referred to as high-pressure liquid chromatography, is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify, and quantify each component in a mixture. It relies on pumps to pa ...
* – chromatography, ion exchange * – chromatography, deae-cellulose * – chromatography, paper * – nucleotide mapping * – blotting, northern * – blotting, southern * – peptide mapping * – chromatography, thin layer * –
countercurrent distribution Countercurrent distribution (CCD, also spelled "counter current" distribution) is an analytical chemistry technique which was developed by Lyman C. Craig in the 1940s. Countercurrent distribution is a separation process that is founded on the princ ...
* – chromatography, micellar electrokinetic capillary * – chromatography, supercritical fluid


countercurrent distribution Countercurrent distribution (CCD, also spelled "counter current" distribution) is an analytical chemistry technique which was developed by Lyman C. Craig in the 1940s. Countercurrent distribution is a separation process that is founded on the princ ...


crystallization Crystallization is the process by which solid forms, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal. Some ways by which crystals form are precipitating from a solution, freezing, or more rarely deposi ...


crystallography Crystallography is the experimental science of determining the arrangement of atoms in crystalline solids. Crystallography is a fundamental subject in the fields of materials science and solid-state physics (condensed matter physics). The wor ...

* – neutron diffraction * – powder diffraction * –
x-ray diffraction X-ray crystallography is the experimental science determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions. By measuring the angles ...
* – crystallography, x-ray


desiccation Desiccation () is the state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying. A desiccant is a hygroscopic (attracts and holds water) substance that induces or sustains such a state in its local vicinity in a moderately sealed container. ...


deuterium exchange measurement


dialysis Dialysis may refer to: *Dialysis (chemistry), a process of separating molecules in solution **Electrodialysis, used to transport salt ions from one solution to another through an ion-exchange membrane under the influence of an applied electric pote ...

* – microdialysis


differential thermal analysis

* – calorimetry, differential scanning


electrophoresis Electrophoresis, from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, "amber") and φόρησις (phórēsis, "the act of bearing"), is the motion of dispersed particles relative to a fluid under the influence of a spatially uniform electric fie ...

* – electrophoresis, agar gel * –
comet assay A comet is an icy, small Solar System body that, when passing close to the Sun, warms and begins to release gases, a process that is called outgassing. This produces a visible atmosphere or coma, and sometimes also a tail. These phenomena are ...
* – electrophoresis, capillary * – electrophoresis, microchip * – electrophoresis, cellulose acetate * – electrophoresis, gel, pulsed-field * – electrophoresis, gel, two-dimensional * – electrophoresis, paper * – nucleotide mapping * – blotting, northern * – blotting, southern * – peptide mapping * – electrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel * – electrophoresis, disc * – electrophoresis, gel, two-dimensional * – electrophoresis, starch gel * – electrophoretic mobility shift assay * –
immunoelectrophoresis Immunoelectrophoresis is a general name for a number of biochemical methods for separation and characterization of proteins based on electrophoresis and reaction with antibodies. All variants of immunoelectrophoresis require immunoglobulins, al ...
* –
counterimmunoelectrophoresis Counterimmunoelectrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to evaluate the binding of an antibody to its antigen, it is similar to immunodiffusion, but with the addition of an applied electrical field across the diffusion medium, usually an a ...
* – immunoelectrophoresis, two-dimensional * – isoelectric focusing


filtration Filtration is a physical separation process that separates solid matter and fluid from a mixture using a ''filter medium'' that has a complex structure through which only the fluid can pass. Solid particles that cannot pass through the filter ...

* – ultrafiltration * – hemofiltration * –
hemodiafiltration Hemofiltration, also haemofiltration, is a renal replacement therapy which is used in the intensive care setting. It is usually used to treat acute kidney injury (AKI), but may be of benefit in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome or sepsis. During ...


flow injection analysis


glucose clamp technique


immunochemistry


microchemistry Microscale chemistry (often referred to as small-scale chemistry, in German: Chemie im Mikromaßstab) is an analytical method and also a teaching method widely used at school and at university levels, working with small quantities of chemical sub ...


microchip analytical procedures

* – microfluidic analytical techniques * – electrophoresis, microchip * –
microarray analysis A microarray is a multiplex lab-on-a-chip. Its purpose is to simultaneously detect the expression of thousands of genes from a sample (e.g. from a tissue). It is a two-dimensional array on a solid substrate—usually a glass slide or silicon t ...
* – oligonucleotide array sequence analysis * – protein array analysis * – tissue array analysis


nucleotide mapping

* – blotting, northern * – blotting, southern


peptide mapping

* –
protein footprinting Protein footprinting is a term used to refer to a method of biochemical analysis that investigates protein structure, assembly, and interactions within a larger macromolecular assembly. It was originally coined in reference to the use of limited pro ...


photometry

* – densitometry * – absorptiometry, photon * –
densitometry, x-ray Densitometry is the quantitative measurement of optical density in light-sensitive materials, such as photographic paper or photographic film, due to exposure to light. Overview Optical density is a result of the darkness of a developed picture ...
* – luminescent measurements * – chemiluminescent measurements * – fluorometry * – cytophotometry * –
flow cytometry Flow cytometry (FC) is a technique used to detect and measure physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles. In this process, a sample containing cells or particles is suspended in a fluid and injected into the flo ...
* – image cytometry * – laser scanning cytometry * –
fluorescence polarization Fluorescence anisotropy or fluorescence polarization is the phenomenon where the light emitted by a fluorophore has unequal intensities along different axes of polarization. Early pioneers in the field include Aleksander Jablonski, Gregorio Weber, ...
* –
fluorescence polarization immunoassay Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is a class of in vitro biochemical test used for rapid detection of antibody or antigen in sample. FPIA is a competitive homogenous assay, that consists of a simple prepare and read method, without th ...
* – fluorescence recovery after photobleaching * – fluorophotometry * – spectrometry, fluorescence * –
fluorescence resonance energy transfer Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation. It is a form of luminescence. In most cases, the emitted light has a longer wavelength, and therefore a lower photon energy, tha ...
* – nephelometry and turbidimetry * – spectrophotometry * – microspectrophotometry * – spectrophotometry, atomic * – spectrophotometry, infrared * – spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared * – spectrophotometry, ultraviolet


polarography


refractometry


spectrum analysis

* – circular dichroism * – magnetic resonance spectroscopy * –
electron spin resonance spectroscopy Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a method for studying materials that have unpaired electrons. The basic concepts of EPR are analogous to those of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), but the s ...
* – nuclear magnetic resonance, biomolecular * – optical rotatory dispersion * –
pulse radiolysis Radiolysis is the dissociation of molecules by ionizing radiation. It is the cleavage of one or several chemical bonds resulting from exposure to high-energy flux. The radiation in this context is associated with ionizing radiation; radiolysis is t ...
* – spectrometry, fluorescence * – spectrometry, gamma * – spectroscopy, mossbauer * – spectrometry, x-ray emission * –
electron probe microanalysis An electron microprobe (EMP), also known as an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) or electron micro probe analyzer (EMPA), is an analytical tool used to non-destructively determine the chemical composition of small volumes of solid materials. It ...
* – spectrophotometry * – microspectrophotometry * – spectrophotometry, atomic * – spectrophotometry, infrared * – spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared * – spectrophotometry, ultraviolet * – spectroscopy, electron energy-loss * – microscopy, energy-filtering transmission electron * – spectroscopy, near-infrared * – spectrum analysis, mass * – mass fragmentography * – spectrometry, mass, electrospray ionization * – spectrometry, mass, fast atom bombardment * – spectrometry, mass, matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization * – spectrometry, mass, secondary ion * – spectrum analysis, raman


spin trapping


surface plasmon resonance


thermogravimetry


titrimetry

* – colorimetry * – complement hemolytic activity assay * –
conductometry Conductometry is a measurement of conductivity (electrolytic), electrolytic conductivity to monitor a progress of chemical reaction. Conductometry has notable application in analytical chemistry, where conductometric titration is a standard tec ...
* – neutralization tests * – potentiometry * – skin test end-point titration


ultracentrifugation

* – centrifugation, density gradient * – centrifugation, isopycnic * – centrifugation, zonal


clinical laboratory techniques


culture techniques

* – cell culture techniques * – coculture techniques * – diffusion chambers, culture * – embryo culture techniques * – organ culture techniques * – tissue culture techniques * – tissue engineering


cytological techniques

* –
autoradiography An autoradiograph is an image on an X-ray film or nuclear emulsion produced by the pattern of decay emissions (e.g., beta particles or gamma rays) from a distribution of a radioactive substance. Alternatively, the autoradiograph is also available ...
* – cell count * –
blood cell count A complete blood count (CBC), also known as a full blood count (FBC), is a set of medical laboratory tests that provide information about the cells in a person's blood. The CBC indicates the counts of white blood cells, red blood cells and p ...
* –
erythrocyte count Red blood cells (RBCs), also referred to as red cells, red blood corpuscles (in humans or other animals not having nucleus in red blood cells), haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek ''erythros'' for "red" and ''kytos'' for "holl ...
* –
reticulocyte count Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells (RBCs). In the process of erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation), reticulocytes develop and mature in the bone marrow and then circulate for about a day in the blood stream before developing into m ...
* –
leukocyte count White blood cells, also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. All white blood cells are produced and derived from multi ...
* –
lymphocyte count A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in the immune system of most vertebrates. Lymphocytes include natural killer cells (which function in cell-mediated, cytotoxic innate immunity), T cells (for cell-mediated, cytotoxic adapt ...
* – cd4 lymphocyte count * –
cd4-cd8 ratio The CD4+/CD8+ ratio is the ratio of T helper cells (with the surface marker CD4) to cytotoxic T cells (with the surface marker CD8). Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells contain several subsets. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the peripheral blood of healthy adult ...
* – platelet count * – sperm count * – cell fractionation * –
cell fusion Cell fusion is an important cellular process in which several uninucleate cells (cells with a single nucleus) combine to form a multinucleate cell, known as a syncytium. Cell fusion occurs during differentiation of myoblasts, osteoclasts and tropho ...
* – cell separation * –
cytapheresis Apheresis ( ἀφαίρεσις (''aphairesis'', "a taking away")) is a medical technology in which the blood of a person is passed through an apparatus that separates out one particular constituent and returns the remainder to the circulation ...
* – leukapheresis * – plateletpheresis * – immunomagnetic separation * – leukocyte reduction procedures * – colony-forming units assay * – tumor stem cell assay * –
cytogenetic analysis Cytogenetics is essentially a branch of genetics, but is also a part of cell biology/cytology (a subdivision of human anatomy), that is concerned with how the chromosomes relate to cell behaviour, particularly to their behaviour during mitosis ...
* –
chromosome banding A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of metaphase chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes. Karyotyping is the process by which a karyotype is disce ...
* – mitotic index * – cytophotometry * –
flow cytometry Flow cytometry (FC) is a technique used to detect and measure physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles. In this process, a sample containing cells or particles is suspended in a fluid and injected into the flo ...
* – image cytometry * – laser scanning cytometry * – diffusion chambers, culture * – drug screening assays, antitumor * – tumor stem cell assay * – electroporation * – histocytochemistry * –
immunohistochemistry Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the most common application of immunostaining. It involves the process of selectively identifying antigens (proteins) in cells of a tissue section by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to an ...
* – periodic acid-schiff reaction * – prussian blue reaction * – histocytological preparation techniques * – microtomy * – cryoultramicrotomy * – frozen sections * – replica techniques * – corrosion casting * – freeze fracturing * – freeze etching * – staining and labeling * –
chromosome banding A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of metaphase chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes. Karyotyping is the process by which a karyotype is disce ...
* – in situ hybridization * – in situ hybridization, fluorescence * – chromosome painting * – primed in situ labeling * – negative staining * – periodic acid-schiff reaction * – prussian blue reaction * – shadowing (histology) * – silver staining * – tissue embedding * – paraffin embedding * – plastic embedding * –
tissue preservation Tissue may refer to: Biology * Tissue (biology), an ensemble of similar (or dissimilar in structure but same in origin) cells that together carry out a specific function * '' Triphosa haesitata'', a species of geometer moth ("tissue moth") found ...
* – cryopreservation * – freeze drying * –
freeze substitution Freeze may refer to: Liquids turning to solids * Freezing, the physical process of a liquid turning into a solid * Directional freezing, freezing from only one direction or side Cessation of movement or change * Freeze (b-boy move), the ...
* – tissue fixation * – karyometry * –
patch-clamp technique The patch clamp technique is a laboratory technique in electrophysiology used to study ionic currents in individual Cell isolation, isolated living cells, tissue sections, or patches of cell membrane. The technique is especially useful in the st ...
s


molecular diagnostic techniques


histological techniques Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology which studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures vis ...

* –
autoradiography An autoradiograph is an image on an X-ray film or nuclear emulsion produced by the pattern of decay emissions (e.g., beta particles or gamma rays) from a distribution of a radioactive substance. Alternatively, the autoradiograph is also available ...
* – bone demineralization technique * – decalcification technique * – histocytochemistry * –
immunohistochemistry Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the most common application of immunostaining. It involves the process of selectively identifying antigens (proteins) in cells of a tissue section by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to an ...
* – fluorescent antibody technique * – fluorescent antibody technique, direct * – fluorescent antibody technique, indirect * – periodic acid-schiff reaction * – prussian blue reaction * – histocytological preparation techniques * – microdissection * – microtomy * – cryoultramicrotomy * –
frozen section The frozen section procedure is a pathological laboratory procedure to perform rapid microscopic analysis of a specimen. It is used most often in oncological surgery. The technical name for this procedure is cryosection. The microtome device tha ...
s * – replica techniques * – corrosion casting * – freeze fracturing * – freeze etching * – staining and labeling * –
chromosome banding A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of metaphase chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes. Karyotyping is the process by which a karyotype is disce ...
* – in situ hybridization * – in situ hybridization, fluorescence * – chromosome painting * – primed in situ labeling * – negative staining * – periodic acid-schiff reaction * – prussian blue reaction * – shadowing (histology) * – silver staining * – tissue embedding * – paraffin embedding * – plastic embedding * –
tissue preservation Tissue may refer to: Biology * Tissue (biology), an ensemble of similar (or dissimilar in structure but same in origin) cells that together carry out a specific function * '' Triphosa haesitata'', a species of geometer moth ("tissue moth") found ...
* – cryopreservation * – freeze drying * –
freeze substitution Freeze may refer to: Liquids turning to solids * Freezing, the physical process of a liquid turning into a solid * Directional freezing, freezing from only one direction or side Cessation of movement or change * Freeze (b-boy move), the ...
* – tissue fixation


microbiological techniques

* – bacteriological techniques * – bacterial typing techniques * –
bacteriophage typing A bacteriophage (), also known informally as a ''phage'' (), is a duplodnaviria virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. The term was derived from "bacteria" and the Greek φαγεῖν ('), meaning "to devour". Bacter ...
* – ribotyping * – serotyping * – limulus test * – colony count, microbial * – microbial sensitivity tests * – serum bactericidal test * – mycological typing techniques * – serial passage * – viral load * – virus cultivation * –
plaque assay Virus quantification involves counting the number of viruses in a specific volume to determine the virus concentration. It is used in both research and development (R&D) in commercial and academic laboratories as well as production situations whe ...
* –
virus inactivation Viral inactivation is to stop the viruses in a given sample from contaminating the desired product either by removing viruses completely or rendering them non-infectious. These techniques are used widely in the food and blood plasma industries, as ...
* –
xenodiagnosis Xenodiagnosis is a diagnostic method used to document the presence of infectious disease microorganisms or pathogens by exposing possibly infected tissue to a vector and then examining the vector for the presence of the microorganisms or pathogens ...


combinatorial chemistry techniques


constriction


containment of biohazards


dermatoglyphics


diet


diet, atherogenic


diet, cariogenic


fasting


dilatation Dilation (or dilatation) may refer to: Physiology or medicine * Cervical dilation, the widening of the cervix in childbirth, miscarriage etc. * Coronary dilation, or coronary reflex * Dilation and curettage, the opening of the cervix and surgic ...


drug administration routes


administration, inhalation


administration, intranasal


administration, oral

* – administration, buccal * – administration, sublingual


administration, rectal


administration, topical

* – administration, buccal * – administration, cutaneous * – administration, intranasal * – administration, intravaginal * – administration, intravesical * – administration, rectal


chemotherapy, cancer, regional perfusion


infusions, parenteral

* – infusions, intra-arterial * – infusions, intralesional * – infusions, intraosseous * – infusions, intravenous


injections

* – injections, intra-arterial * – injections, intra-articular * – injections, intralesional * – injections, intralymphatic * – injections, intramuscular * – injections, intraperitoneal * – injections, intravenous * – injections, intraventricular * – injections, spinal * – injections, epidural * –
blood patch, epidural Blood is a body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. Blood in th ...
* – injections, subcutaneous * – injections, intradermal * – injections, jet * – biolistics * – microinjections


instillation, drug


iontophoresis Iontophoresis is a process of transdermal drug delivery by use of a voltage gradient on the skin. Molecules are transported across the stratum corneum by electrophoresis and electroosmosis and the electric field can also increase the permeability ...


phonophoresis Phonophoresis, also known as sonophoresis, is the method of using ultrasound waves to increase skin permeability in order to improve the effectiveness of transdermal drug delivery. This method intersects drug delivery and ultrasound therapy. Phono ...


drug administration schedule


pulse therapy, drug


embryo research


research embryo creation


epidemiologic methods


contact tracing


data collection Data collection or data gathering is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes. Data collection is a research com ...

* – geriatric assessment * – health surveys * – behavioral risk factor surveillance system * – dental health surveys * – dental plaque index * – dmf index * – oral hygiene index * – periodontal index * – health status indicators * –
apache The Apache () are a group of culturally related Native American tribes in the Southwestern United States, which include the Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Mimbreño, Ndendahe (Bedonkohe or Mogollon and Nednhi or Carrizaleño an ...
* – severity of illness index * – karnofsky performance status * – sickness impact profile * –
mass screening Mass is an intrinsic property of a body. It was traditionally believed to be related to the quantity of matter in a physical body, until the discovery of the atom and particle physics. It was found that different atoms and different el ...
* –
anonymous testing Anonymous may refer to: * Anonymity, the state of an individual's identity, or personally identifiable information, being publicly unknown ** Anonymous work, a work of art or literature that has an unnamed or unknown creator or author * Anonym ...
* – genetic screening * – mass chest x-ray * – multiphasic screening * –
neonatal screening Newborn screening (NBS) is a public health program of screening in infants shortly after birth for conditions that are treatable, but not clinically evident in the newborn period. The goal is to identify infants at risk for these conditions ea ...
* – vision screening * – nutrition surveys * – diet surveys * – population surveillance * – sentinel surveillance * – health care surveys * – interviews * – focus groups * – narration * – nutrition assessment * – nutrition surveys * – diet surveys * – questionnaires * – records * – birth certificates * –
death certificates A death certificate is either a legal document issued by a medical practitioner which states when a person died, or a document issued by a government civil registration office, that declares the date, location and cause of a person's death, as ...
* – dental records * – hospital records * – medical records * – medical record linkage * – medical records systems, computerized * – medical records, problem-oriented * – trauma severity indices * – abbreviated injury scale * – glasgow coma scale * – glasgow outcome scale * – injury severity score * – nursing records * – registries * – seer program * – vital statistics * – life expectancy * – life tables * – morbidity * – basic reproduction number * – incidence * – prevalence * –
mortality Mortality is the state of being mortal, or susceptible to death; the opposite of immortality. Mortality may also refer to: * Fish mortality, a parameter used in fisheries population dynamics to account for the loss of fish in a fish stock throug ...
* – cause of death * –
child mortality Child mortality is the mortality of children under the age of five. The child mortality rate, also under-five mortality rate, refers to the probability of dying between birth and exactly five years of age expressed per 1,000 live births. It en ...
* – fatal outcome * – fetal mortality * – hospital mortality * –
infant mortality Infant mortality is the death of young children under the age of 1. This death toll is measured by the infant mortality rate (IMR), which is the probability of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births. The under-five morta ...
* – maternal mortality * –
survival rate Survival rate is a part of survival analysis. It is the proportion of people in a study or treatment group still alive at a given period of time after diagnosis. It is a method of describing prognosis in certain disease conditions, and can be use ...
* – pregnancy rate * – birth rate


disease notification A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism, and that is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that ar ...


epidemiology, molecular


sentinel surveillance


statistics Statistics (from German language, German: ''wikt:Statistik#German, Statistik'', "description of a State (polity), state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of ...

* –
actuarial analysis An actuary is a business professional who deals with the measurement and management of risk and uncertainty. The name of the corresponding field is actuarial science. These risks can affect both sides of the balance sheet and require asset man ...
* – analysis of variance * – multivariate analysis * – area under curve * –
cluster analysis Cluster analysis or clustering is the task of grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group (called a cluster) are more similar (in some sense) to each other than to those in other groups (clusters). It is a main task of ...
* – small-area analysis * – space-time clustering * – confidence intervals * – data interpretation, statistical * – discriminant analysis * – factor analysis, statistical * – matched-pair analysis * – models, statistical * –
likelihood functions The likelihood function (often simply called the likelihood) represents the probability of Realization (probability), random variable realizations conditional on particular values of the statistical parameters. Thus, when evaluated on a Sample (st ...
* – linear models * – logistic models * – models, economic * – models, econometric * – nomograms * – proportional hazards models * – monte carlo method * – probability * –
bayes theorem In probability theory and statistics, Bayes' theorem (alternatively Bayes' law or Bayes' rule), named after Thomas Bayes, describes the probability of an event, based on prior knowledge of conditions that might be related to the event. For ex ...
* –
likelihood functions The likelihood function (often simply called the likelihood) represents the probability of Realization (probability), random variable realizations conditional on particular values of the statistical parameters. Thus, when evaluated on a Sample (st ...
* – markov chains * – odds ratio * – proportional hazards models * – risk * – logistic models * – risk assessment * – risk factors * – uncertainty * – regression analysis * – least-squares analysis * – linear models * – logistic models * – proportional hazards models * – sensitivity and specificity * –
statistical distributions In probability theory and statistics, a probability distribution is the mathematical function that gives the probabilities of occurrence of different possible outcomes for an experiment. It is a mathematical description of a random phenomenon i ...
* –
binomial distribution In probability theory and statistics, the binomial distribution with parameters ''n'' and ''p'' is the discrete probability distribution of the number of successes in a sequence of ''n'' independent experiments, each asking a yes–no quest ...
* – chi-square distribution * – normal distribution * – poisson distribution * – statistics, nonparametric * –
stochastic processes In probability theory and related fields, a stochastic () or random process is a mathematical object usually defined as a family of random variables. Stochastic processes are widely used as mathematical models of systems and phenomena that appe ...
* – markov chains * – survival analysis * – disease-free survival


epidemiologic study characteristics

* – epidemiologic studies * – case-control studies * –
retrospective studies A retrospective cohort study, also called a historic cohort study, is a longitudinal cohort study used in medical and psychological research. A cohort of individuals that share a common exposure factor is compared with another group of equ ...
* – cohort studies * – longitudinal studies * – follow-up studies * – prospective studies * – cross-sectional studies * – seroepidemiologic studies * – hiv seroprevalence * –
clinical trials Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel vaccines, drugs, dietar ...
* – clinical trials, phase i * – clinical trials, phase ii * – clinical trials, phase iii * – clinical trials, phase iv * –
controlled clinical trials ''Contemporary Clinical Trials'' is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal A medical journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that communicates medical information to physicians, other health professionals. Journals that cover many medical s ...
* –
randomized controlled trials A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; RCT) is a form of scientific experiment used to control factors not under direct experimental control. Examples of RCTs are clinical trials that compare the effects of drugs, surgical te ...
* – multicenter studies * – feasibility studies * – intervention studies * – pilot projects * – sampling studies * – twin studies


epidemiologic research design

* – control groups * – cross-over studies * – double-blind method * – matched-pair analysis * – meta-analysis * –
random allocation In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset (a statistical sample) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. Statisticians attempt ...
* – reproducibility of results * – sample size * – sensitivity and specificity * – predictive value of tests * – roc curve * – single-blind method


equipment design


prosthesis design

* – prosthesis coloring


equipment failure


intrauterine device expulsion


prosthesis failure


equipment failure analysis


equipment reuse


equipment safety


ergometry


exercise test


euthanasia, animal


evaluation studies Evaluation is a systematic determination and assessment of a subject's merit, worth and significance, using criteria governed by a set of standards. It can assist an organization, program, design, project or any other intervention or initiative to ...


clinical trials

* – clinical trials, phase i * – clinical trials, phase ii * – clinical trials, phase iii * – clinical trials, phase iv * –
controlled clinical trials ''Contemporary Clinical Trials'' is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal A medical journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that communicates medical information to physicians, other health professionals. Journals that cover many medical s ...
* – randomized controlled trials * – multicenter studies


device approval


drug approval

* – investigational new drug application


drug evaluation


drug evaluation, preclinical

* – drug screening assays, antitumor * – tumor stem cell assay * – xenograft model antitumor assays * – subrenal capsule assay * – microbial sensitivity tests * – serum bactericidal test * – parasitic sensitivity tests


product surveillance, postmarketing

* – adverse drug reaction reporting systems * – clinical trials, phase iv


program evaluation


reproducibility of results


fetal research


food analysis Food is any substance consumed by an organism for nutritional support. Food is usually of plant, animal, or fungal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. The substance is ingest ...


genetic techniques


chromatin immunoprecipitation Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a type of immunoprecipitation experimental technique used to investigate the interaction between proteins and DNA in the cell. It aims to determine whether specific proteins are associated with specific genom ...


chromosome mapping

* – chromosome walking * – physical chromosome mapping * – contig mapping * –
radiation hybrid mapping Radiation hybrid mapping (also known as RH mapping) is a technique for mapping mammalian chromosomes. Radiation hybrid mapping consists of several steps. First of all, desired chromosomes are broken into several segments with X-rays, after which ...
* –
restriction mapping A restriction map is a map of known restriction sites within a sequence of DNA. Restriction mapping requires the use of restriction enzymes. In molecular biology, restriction maps are used as a reference to engineer plasmids or other relatively ...


cloning, molecular

* – artificial gene fusion * – two-hybrid system techniques


cloning, organism


contig mapping


crosses, genetic

* – genetic complementation test


cytogenetic analysis Cytogenetics is essentially a branch of genetics, but is also a part of cell biology/cytology (a subdivision of human anatomy), that is concerned with how the chromosomes relate to cell behaviour, particularly to their behaviour during mitosis ...

* –
chromosome banding A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of metaphase chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes. Karyotyping is the process by which a karyotype is disce ...
* – in situ hybridization, fluorescence * – chromosome painting * – spectral karyotyping * – karyotyping * – spectral karyotyping * – sex determination (analysis)


dna fingerprinting

* – ribotyping


dna footprinting


epidemiology, molecular


gene expression profiling


gene targeting


gene transfer techniques

* – biolistics * – transduction, genetic * – transfection * – transformation, bacterial


genetic engineering Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the modification and manipulation of an organism's genes using technology. It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including t ...

* – directed molecular evolution * –
dna shuffling DNA shuffling, also known as molecular breeding, is an in vitro random recombination method to generate mutant genes for directed evolution and to enable a rapid increase in DNA library size. Three procedures for accomplishing DNA shuffling are mo ...
* – gene therapy * – genetic enhancement * –
protein engineering Protein engineering is the process of developing useful or valuable proteins. It is a young discipline, with much research taking place into the understanding of protein folding and recognition for protein design principles. It has been used to imp ...
* –
amino acid substitution Amino acid replacement is a change from one amino acid to a different amino acid in a protein due to point mutation in the corresponding DNA sequence. It is caused by nonsynonymous missense mutation which changes the codon sequence to code other ...
* – mutagenesis, insertional * – mutagenesis, site-directed * –
sex preselection Sex selection is the attempt to control the sex of the offspring to achieve a desired sex. It can be accomplished in several ways, both pre- and post-implantation of an embryo, as well as at childbirth. It has been marketed under the title family ...


heterozygote detection


in situ nick-end labeling


molecular diagnostic techniques


molecular probe techniques

* – biotinylation * – blotting, northern * – blotting, southern * – blotting, southwestern * – branched dna signal amplification assay * – oligonucleotide array sequence analysis * – protein array analysis * – random amplified polymorphic dna technique * – two-hybrid system techniques


mutagenicity tests

* –
comet assay A comet is an icy, small Solar System body that, when passing close to the Sun, warms and begins to release gases, a process that is called outgassing. This produces a visible atmosphere or coma, and sometimes also a tail. These phenomena are ...
* – micronucleus tests


Nuclease protection assaysfpatch

* – dna footprinting


nucleic acid amplification techniques

* – ligase chain reaction * – self-sustained sequence replication * – polymerase chain reaction * – primed in situ labeling * – random amplified polymorphic dna technique * –
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a laboratory technique combining reverse transcription of RNA into DNA (in this context called complementary DNA or cDNA) and amplification of specific DNA targets using polymerase cha ...


nucleic acid hybridization

* – branched dna signal amplification assay * – heteroduplex analysis * – in situ hybridization * – in situ hybridization, fluorescence * – chromosome painting * – primed in situ labeling * – oligonucleotide array sequence analysis


pedigree Pedigree may refer to: Breeding * Pedigree chart, a document to record ancestry, used by genealogists in study of human family lines, and in selective breeding of other animals ** Pedigree, a human genealogy (ancestry chart) ** Pedigree (animal ...


restriction mapping A restriction map is a map of known restriction sites within a sequence of DNA. Restriction mapping requires the use of restriction enzymes. In molecular biology, restriction maps are used as a reference to engineer plasmids or other relatively ...


sequence alignment In bioinformatics, a sequence alignment is a way of arranging the sequences of DNA, RNA, or protein to identify regions of similarity that may be a consequence of functional, structural, or evolutionary relationships between the sequences. Alig ...


sequence analysis

* – oligonucleotide array sequence analysis * – sequence analysis, dna * – dna mutational analysis * – sequence analysis, protein * – peptide mapping * –
protein footprinting Protein footprinting is a term used to refer to a method of biochemical analysis that investigates protein structure, assembly, and interactions within a larger macromolecular assembly. It was originally coined in reference to the use of limited pro ...
* – sequence analysis, rna


hardness tests


human experimentation


autoexperimentation


immersion


immobilization


restraint, physical Physical restraint refers to means of purposely limiting or obstructing the freedom of a person's bodily movement. Basic methods Usually, binding objects such as handcuffs, legcuffs, ropes, chains, straps or straitjackets are used for th ...

* – hindlimb suspension


immunologic techniques Serology is the scientific study of serum and other body fluids. In practice, the term usually refers to the diagnostic identification of antibodies in the serum. Such antibodies are typically formed in response to an infection (against a given m ...


cell migration inhibition Cell most often refers to: * Cell (biology), the functional basic unit of life Cell may also refer to: Locations * Monastic cell, a small room, hut, or cave in which a religious recluse lives, alternatively the small precursor of a monastery ...


cytotoxicity tests, immunologic

* – complement hemolytic activity assay


epitope mapping


hemolytic plaque technique Hemolysis or haemolysis (), also known by several other names, is the rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents ( cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma). Hemolysis may occur in vi ...


histocompatibility testing

* – lymphocyte culture test, mixed


immune adherence reaction Immune adherence was described by Nelson (1953) for an ''in vitro'' immunological reaction between normal erythrocytes and a wide variety of microorganisms sensitized with their individually specific antibody and complement; erythrocytes were ob ...


immunization

* – immunization, passive * – adoptive transfer * – immunotherapy, adoptive * –
immunization schedule A vaccination schedule is a series of vaccinations, including the timing of all doses, which may be either recommended or compulsory, depending on the country of residence. A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to produce active immunity ...
* – immunization, secondary * – immunotherapy, active * – vaccination * – mass immunization


immunoassay

* –
immunoblotting The western blot (sometimes called the protein immunoblot), or western blotting, is a widely used analytical technique in molecular biology and immunogenetics to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract. Besides detecti ...
* – blotting, western * – blotting, far-western * – immunoenzyme techniques * – enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay * –
enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) is a common method for qualitative and quantitative determination of therapeutic and recreational drugs and certain proteins in serum and urine. It is an immunoassay in which a drug or metabolite in ...
* – immunosorbent techniques * – enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay * – radioallergosorbent test * – radioimmunoprecipitation assay * – radioimmunosorbent test * – radioimmunoassay * – immunoradiometric assay * – radioallergosorbent test * – radioimmunoprecipitation assay * – radioimmunosorbent test


immunohistochemistry Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the most common application of immunostaining. It involves the process of selectively identifying antigens (proteins) in cells of a tissue section by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to an ...

* – fluorescent antibody technique * – antibody-coated bacteria test, urinary * – fluorescent antibody technique, direct * – fluorescent antibody technique, indirect * – fluoroimmunoassay * –
fluorescence polarization immunoassay Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is a class of in vitro biochemical test used for rapid detection of antibody or antigen in sample. FPIA is a competitive homogenous assay, that consists of a simple prepare and read method, without th ...
* – immunoenzyme techniques * – enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay * –
enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) is a common method for qualitative and quantitative determination of therapeutic and recreational drugs and certain proteins in serum and urine. It is an immunoassay in which a drug or metabolite in ...


immunophenotyping Immunophenotyping is a technique used to study the protein expressed by cells. This technique is commonly used in basic science research and laboratory diagnostic purpose. This can be done on tissue section (fresh or fixed tissue), cell suspension, ...


immunoprecipitation Immunoprecipitation (IP) is the technique of precipitating a protein antigen out of solution using an antibody that specifically binds to that particular protein. This process can be used to isolate and concentrate a particular protein from a samp ...

* –
chromatin immunoprecipitation Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a type of immunoprecipitation experimental technique used to investigate the interaction between proteins and DNA in the cell. It aims to determine whether specific proteins are associated with specific genom ...
* –
precipitin tests A precipitin is an antibody which can precipitate out of a solution upon antigen binding. Precipitin reaction The precipitin reaction provided the first quantitative assay An assay is an investigative (analytic) procedure in laboratory medic ...
* –
flocculation tests Flocculation, in the field of chemistry, is a process by which colloidal particles come out of suspension to sediment under the form of floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent. The action differs from ...
* – immunodiffusion * –
immunoelectrophoresis Immunoelectrophoresis is a general name for a number of biochemical methods for separation and characterization of proteins based on electrophoresis and reaction with antibodies. All variants of immunoelectrophoresis require immunoglobulins, al ...
* –
counterimmunoelectrophoresis Counterimmunoelectrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to evaluate the binding of an antibody to its antigen, it is similar to immunodiffusion, but with the addition of an applied electrical field across the diffusion medium, usually an a ...
* – immunoelectrophoresis, two-dimensional * – radioimmunoprecipitation assay


immunosuppression

* – desensitization, immunologic * – graft enhancement, immunologic * – lymphocyte depletion * – transplantation conditioning


leukocyte adherence inhibition test


lymphocyte activation


monitoring, immunologic


radioimmunodetection


rosette formation


serotyping


skin window technique


indicator dilution techniques


dye dilution technique


radioisotope dilution technique


thermodilution


interferometry Interferometry is a technique which uses the ''interference'' of superimposed waves to extract information. Interferometry typically uses electromagnetic waves and is an important investigative technique in the fields of astronomy, fiber opt ...


microscopy, interference

* – microscopy, phase-contrast


moire topography


intubation


intubation, gastrointestinal


intubation, intratracheal

* – laryngeal masks


irrigation


bronchoalveolar lavage Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (also known as bronchoalveolar washing) is a diagnostic method of the lower respiratory system in which a bronchoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into an appropriate airway in the lungs, with a measured amoun ...


gastric lavage


peritoneal lavage Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) or diagnostic peritoneal aspiration (DPA) is a surgical diagnostic procedure to determine if there is free floating fluid (most often blood) in the abdominal cavity. Indications This procedure is performed when i ...


vaginal douching A douche is a device used to introduce a stream of water into the body for medical or hygienic reasons, or the stream of water itself. Douche usually refers to vaginal irrigation, the rinsing of the vagina, but it can also refer to the rinsing ...


ischemic preconditioning


ischemic preconditioning, myocardial Ischemia or ischaemia is a restriction in blood supply to any tissue, muscle group, or organ of the body, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive). Ischemia is generally caused by problems ...


isotope labeling


manometry


rhinomanometry


materials testing


methods


microchip analytical procedures


microfluidic analytical techniques

* – electrophoresis, microchip


microarray analysis A microarray is a multiplex lab-on-a-chip. Its purpose is to simultaneously detect the expression of thousands of genes from a sample (e.g. from a tissue). It is a two-dimensional array on a solid substrate—usually a glass slide or silicon t ...

* – oligonucleotide array sequence analysis * – protein array analysis * – tissue array analysis


micromanipulation A micromanipulator is a device which is used to physically interact with a sample under a microscope, where a level of precision of movement is necessary that cannot be achieved by the unaided human hand. It may typically consist of an input joysti ...


microdissection


microinjections


microsurgery


microscopy Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). There are three well-known branches of micr ...


microscopy, acoustic


microscopy, confocal Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a s ...

* – laser scanning cytometry


microscopy, electron

* – cryoelectron microscopy * –
electron probe microanalysis An electron microprobe (EMP), also known as an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) or electron micro probe analyzer (EMPA), is an analytical tool used to non-destructively determine the chemical composition of small volumes of solid materials. It ...
* – microscopy, electron, scanning * –
microscopy, electron, transmission Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a g ...
* – microscopy, electron, scanning transmission * – microscopy, energy-filtering transmission electron * – microscopy, immunoelectron


microscopy, fluorescence A fluorescence microscope is an optical microscope that uses fluorescence instead of, or in addition to, scattering, reflection, and attenuation or absorption, to study the properties of organic or inorganic substances. "Fluorescence microscop ...

* – microscopy, fluorescence, multiphoton


microscopy, interference

* – microscopy, phase-contrast


microscopy, polarization


microscopy, scanning probe

* – microscopy, atomic force * – microscopy, scanning tunneling


microscopy, ultraviolet


microscopy, video


photomicrography A micrograph or photomicrograph is a photograph or digital image taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnified image of an object. This is opposed to a macrograph or photomacrograph, an image which is also taken on a mic ...


models, animal


disease models, animal

* – arthritis, experimental * – diabetes mellitus, experimental * – liver cirrhosis, experimental * – neoplasms, experimental * – leukemia, experimental * – liver neoplasms, experimental * – mammary neoplasms, experimental * – melanoma, experimental * – sarcoma, experimental * – nervous system autoimmune disease, experimental * – encephalomyelitis, autoimmune, experimental * – myasthenia gravis, autoimmune, experimental * – neuritis, autoimmune, experimental * – radiation injuries, experimental


molecular probe techniques


biosensing techniques

* – surface plasmon resonance


blotting, far-western


blotting, northern


blotting, southern


blotting, southwestern


blotting, western


branched dna signal amplification assay


immunoassay

* –
immunoblotting The western blot (sometimes called the protein immunoblot), or western blotting, is a widely used analytical technique in molecular biology and immunogenetics to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract. Besides detecti ...
* – blotting, western * – immunoenzyme techniques * – enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay * –
enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) is a common method for qualitative and quantitative determination of therapeutic and recreational drugs and certain proteins in serum and urine. It is an immunoassay in which a drug or metabolite in ...
* – immunosorbent techniques * – enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay * – radioallergosorbent test * – radioimmunoprecipitation assay * – radioimmunosorbent test * – radioimmunoassay * – immunoradiometric assay * – radioallergosorbent test * – radioimmunoprecipitation assay * – radioimmunosorbent test


oligonucleotide array sequence analysis


protein array analysis


protein interaction mapping

* – blotting, far-western * – epitope mapping * – two-hybrid system techniques


random amplified polymorphic dna technique


neoplasm transplantation


xenograft model antitumor assays

* – subrenal capsule assay


neuromuscular blockade


oscillometry


parabiosis


cross circulation


perfusion Perfusion is the passage of fluid through the circulatory system or lymphatic system to an organ or a tissue, usually referring to the delivery of blood to a capillary bed in tissue. Perfusion is measured as the rate at which blood is deliver ...


reperfusion

* – myocardial reperfusion


photography


photography, dental


physical conditioning, animal


physical stimulation In physiology, a stimulus is a detectable change in the physical or chemical structure of an organism's internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to detect external stimuli, so that an appropriate reaction can be ma ...


acoustic stimulation Acoustic may refer to: Music Albums * ''Acoustic'' (Above & Beyond album), 2014 * ''Acoustic'' (Deine Lakaien album), 2007 * ''Acoustic'' (Everything but the Girl album), 1992 * ''Acoustic'' (John Lennon album), 2004 * ''Acoustic'' (Love Amo ...


electric stimulation Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a technique that uses low-energy electrical pulses to artificially generate body movements in individuals who have been paralyzed due to injury to the central nervous system. More specifically, FES can ...

* – electroshock


photic stimulation


physiognomy


preservation, biological


cryopreservation

* – freeze drying * –
freeze substitution Freeze may refer to: Liquids turning to solids * Freezing, the physical process of a liquid turning into a solid * Directional freezing, freezing from only one direction or side Cessation of movement or change * Freeze (b-boy move), the ...


refrigeration


tissue preservation Tissue may refer to: Biology * Tissue (biology), an ensemble of similar (or dissimilar in structure but same in origin) cells that together carry out a specific function * '' Triphosa haesitata'', a species of geometer moth ("tissue moth") found ...

* –
blood preservation A blood bank is a center where blood gathered as a result of blood donation is stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusion. The term "blood bank" typically refers to a department of a hospital usually within a Clinical Pathology labo ...
* – cold ischemia * – organ preservation * – semen preservation


prosthesis fitting


radiometry Radiometry is a set of techniques for measurement, measuring electromagnetic radiation, including visible light. Radiometric techniques in optics characterize the distribution of the radiation's power (physics), power in space, as opposed to phot ...


radiation dosage


radiation monitoring

* –
body burden In analytical chemistry, biomonitoring is the measurement of the body burden of toxic chemical compounds, elements, or their metabolites, in biological substances. Often, these measurements are done in blood and urine. Biomonitoring is perform ...
* – film dosimetry * –
thermoluminescent dosimetry A thermoluminescent dosimeter, or TLD, is a type of radiation dosimeter, consisting of a piece of a thermoluminescent crystalline material inside a radiolucent package. When a thermoluminescent crystal is exposed to ionizing radiation, it absor ...


scintillation counting


spectrometry, gamma


spectrometry, x-ray emission

* –
electron probe microanalysis An electron microprobe (EMP), also known as an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) or electron micro probe analyzer (EMPA), is an analytical tool used to non-destructively determine the chemical composition of small volumes of solid materials. It ...


whole-body counting


reproductive techniques The reproductive system of an organism, also known as the genital system, is the biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction. Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are ...


breeding

* – estrus detection * –
estrus synchronization In agriculture, estrous synchronization is used (particularly in the dairy and beef industries) to facilitate breeding by artificial insemination. Background The term “estrus” refers to the phase of the estrous cycle in which a sexually matu ...
* – hybridization, genetic * – inbreeding


cloning, organism


embryo disposition


fallopian tube patency tests


ovulation detection


ovulation prediction Ovulation is the release of eggs from the ovaries. In women, this event occurs when the ovarian follicles rupture and release the secondary oocyte ovarian cells. After ovulation, during the luteal phase, the egg will be available to be ferti ...


reproductive techniques, assisted Assisted reproductive technology (ART) includes medical procedures used primarily to address infertility. This subject involves procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), cryopreservation of gametes o ...

* – embryo transfer * – fertilization in vitro * –
sperm injections, intracytoplasmic Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI ) is an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure in which a single sperm cell is injected directly into the cytoplasm of an egg. This technique is used in order to prepare the gametes for the obtention of e ...
* –
posthumous conception Posthumous may refer to: * Posthumous award - an award, prize or medal granted after the recipient's death * Posthumous publication – material published after the author's death * ''Posthumous'' (album), by Warne Marsh, 1987 * ''Posthumous'' ...
* –
gamete intrafallopian transfer Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) is a tool of assisted reproductive technology against infertility. Eggs are removed from a woman's ovaries, and placed in one of the Fallopian tubes, along with the man's sperm. The technique, first attem ...
* – insemination, artificial * – insemination, artificial, heterologous * – insemination, artificial, homologous * –
oocyte donation Egg donation is the process by which a woman donates eggs to enable another woman to conceive as part of an assisted reproduction treatment or for biomedical research. For assisted reproduction purposes, egg donation typically involves in vitro fe ...
* – ovulation induction * – superovulation * – zygote intrafallopian transfer


rheology


hemorheology


laser-doppler flowmetry


microfluidics


sound spectrography


stereotaxic techniques


neuronavigation Neuronavigation is the set of computer-assisted technologies used by neurosurgeons to guide or "navigate" within the confines of the skull or vertebral column during surgery, and used by psychiatrists to accurately target rTMS (transcranial magne ...


radiosurgery Radiosurgery is surgery using radiation, that is, the destruction of precisely selected areas of tissue using ionizing radiation rather than excision with a blade. Like other forms of radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy), it is usually u ...


substance abuse detection


technology, pharmaceutical


combinatorial chemistry techniques

* – selex aptamer technique


dosage forms


drug compounding


drug incompatibility


drug labeling


drug packaging


drug stability


drug storage


enzyme stability


technology, radiologic


teleradiology Teleradiology is the transmission of radiological patient images, such as x-rays, CTs, and MRIs, from one location to another for the purposes of sharing studies with other radiologists and physicians. Teleradiology is a growth technology given ...


toxicity tests


acute toxicity tests

* – skin irritancy tests


carcinogenicity tests


toxicity tests, chronic


cytotoxicity tests, immunologic


inhibitory concentration 50


lethal dose 50


maximum tolerated dose


mutagenicity tests

* –
comet assay A comet is an icy, small Solar System body that, when passing close to the Sun, warms and begins to release gases, a process that is called outgassing. This produces a visible atmosphere or coma, and sometimes also a tail. These phenomena are ...


no-observed-adverse-effect level


trauma severity indices


abbreviated injury scale


glasgow coma scale


glasgow outcome scale


injury severity score


– weightlessness countermeasures


– weightlessness simulation


hindlimb suspension


– whole body imaging


– whole-body irradiation

---- The list continues at
List of MeSH codes (E06) The following is a partial list of the "E" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM). This list continues the information at List of MeSH codes (E05). Codes following these are ...
. {{MeSH codes Medical Subject Headings, E05