This is a list of the native wild mammal species recorded in Madagascar. As of June 2014 (following the IUCN reassessment of the lemurs) there are 241

extant Extant is the opposite of the word extinct. It may refer to: * Extant hereditary titles * Extant literature, surviving literature, such as ''Beowulf'', the oldest extant manuscript written in English * Extant taxon, a taxon which is not extinct, ...

mammal species recognized in

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...

, of which 22 are critically endangered, 62 are endangered, 32 are vulnerable, 9 are near threatened, 72 are of least concern and 44 are either data deficient or not evaluated. All of the critically endangered species are

lemur Lemurs ( ) (from Latin ''lemures'' – ghosts or spirits) are Strepsirrhini, wet-nosed primates of the Superfamily (biology), superfamily Lemuroidea (), divided into 8 Family (biology), families and consisting of 15 genera and around 100 exist ...

s. The mammalian fauna of Madagascar is highly distinctive and largely

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

. The extant nonmarine, nonchiropteran taxa constitute (as of June 2014) 168

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

, 40

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

and 9

families Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Ideall ...

; of these, besides a probably introduced shrew, endemic taxa make up all the species, all the genera, and all but one of the families. This endemic terrestrial fauna, consisting of

lemurs Lemurs ( ) (from Latin ''lemures'' – ghosts or spirits) are wet-nosed primates of the superfamily Lemuroidea (), divided into 8 families and consisting of 15 genera and around 100 existing species. They are endemic to the island of Madagasc ...

tenrecs A tenrec is any species of mammal within the afrotherian family Tenrecidae endemic to Madagascar. Tenrecs are wildly diverse; as a result of convergent evolution some resemble hedgehogs, shrews, opossums, rats, and mice. They occupy aquatic ...

, nesomyine rodents and euplerid carnivorans, is thought to have colonized the island from Africa via four (or five, if

aye-aye The aye-aye (''Daubentonia madagascariensis'') is a long-fingered lemur, a strepsirrhine primate native to Madagascar with rodent-like teeth that perpetually grow and a special thin middle finger. It is the world's largest nocturnal primate. ...

s arrived separately)

rafting event Oceanic dispersal is a type of biological dispersal that occurs when terrestrial organisms transfer from one land mass to another by way of a sea crossing. Island hopping is the crossing of an ocean by a series of shorter journeys between islan ...

s. The other historic terrestrial or

semiterrestrial In biology, semiaquatic can refer to various types of animals that spend part of their time in water, or plants that naturally grow partially submerged in water. Examples are given below. Semiaquatic animals Semiaquatic animals include: * Verte ...

mammal group, the

extinct hippopotamuses Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

, is thought to have colonized the island possibly several times, perhaps via swimming. Earlier in the

Holocene The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 cal years Before Present (), after the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene togethe ...

, Madagascar had a number of

megafauna In terrestrial zoology, the megafauna (from Greek μέγας ''megas'' "large" and New Latin ''fauna'' "animal life") comprises the large or giant animals of an area, habitat, or geological period, extinct and/or extant. The most common threshold ...

l mammals: giant lemurs such as ''

Archaeoindris ''Archaeoindris fontoynontii'' is an extinct giant lemur and the largest primate known to have evolved on Madagascar, comparable in size to a male gorilla. It belonged to a family of extinct lemurs known as "sloth lemurs" (Palaeopropithecidae) ...

'' which at over 200 kg was comparable in mass to the largest gorillas, as well as the hippopotamuses. The island also hosted flightless

elephant bird Elephant birds are members of the extinct ratite family Aepyornithidae, made up of flightless birds that once lived on the island of Madagascar. They are thought to have become extinct around 1000-1200 CE, probably as a result of human activity. ...

s weighing up to 700 kg, the largest known birds of all time. All of these went extinct following the first appearance of humans about 2000 years ago. Today, the largest surviving native mammals of the island, such as the

indri The indri (; ''Indri indri''), also called the babakoto, is one of the largest living lemurs, with a head-body length of about and a weight of between . It has a black and white coat and maintains an upright posture when climbing or clinging. ...

and fossa, have weights only approaching 10 kg. Most if not all of the 29 listed

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

species are believed to have died out in prehistoric times; none of these are known to have survived into the post-European contact period. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the

International Union for Conservation of Nature The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...

; those on the left are used here, those in the second column in some other articles:

Order:
Afrosoricida The order Afrosoricida (a Latin-Greek compound name which means "looking like African shrews") contains the golden moles of Southern Africa, the otter shrews of equatorial Africa and the tenrecs of Madagascar. These three families of small mamma ...
(tenrecs, otter shrews and golden moles)

----

Mole-like Rice Tenrec (Oryzoryctes hova) (44120142915) 2

Lowland Streaked Tenrec, Mantadia, Madagascar

Greater Hedgehog Tenrec (Setifer setosus)

The

afrotheria Afrotheria ( from Latin ''Afro-'' "of Africa" + ''theria'' "wild beast") is a clade of mammals, the living members of which belong to groups that are either currently living in Africa or of African origin: golden moles, elephant shrews (also know ...

n order Afrosoricida contains the

golden mole Golden moles are small insectivorous burrowing mammals endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa. They comprise the family Chrysochloridae and as such they are taxonomically distinct from the true moles, family Talpidae, and other mole-like families, all o ...

s and

otter shrew Potamogalidae is the family of "otter shrews", a group of semiaquatic riverine afrotherian mammals indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa. They are most closely related to the tenrecs of Madagascar, from which they are thought to have split about 47– ...

s of

sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara. These include West Africa, East Africa, Central Africa, and Southern Africa. Geopolitically, in addition to the List of sov ...

and the tenrecs of

, families of small mammals that were traditionally part of the order Insectivora. All native tenrecs of Madagascar are believed to descend from a common ancestor that lived 29–37 million years (Ma) ago after

rafting Rafting and whitewater rafting are recreational outdoor activities which use an inflatable raft to navigate a river or other body of water. This is often done on whitewater or different degrees of rough water. Dealing with risk is often a ...

from Africa, with the split from their closest relatives, the otter shrews of equatorial Africa, dated to about 47–53 Ma ago. Afrosoricida also contains the enigmatic extinct genus ''

Plesiorycteropus ''Plesiorycteropus'', also known as the bibymalagasy or Malagasy aardvark, is a recently extinct eutherian mammalian genus from Madagascar. Upon its description in 1895, it was classified with the aardvark, but more recent molecular evidence ins ...

'', represented by two extinct species of dog-sized, probably insectivorous mammals restricted to Madagascar. Morphological analyses have tended to place them within

Afrotheria Afrotheria ( from Latin ''Afro-'' "of Africa" + ''theria'' "wild beast") is a clade of mammals, the living members of which belong to groups that are either currently living in Africa or of African origin: golden moles, elephant shrews (also know ...

close to

aardvark The aardvark ( ; ''Orycteropus afer'') is a medium-sized, burrowing, nocturnal mammal native to Africa. It is the only living species of the order Tubulidentata, although other prehistoric species and genera of Tubulidentata are known. Unlike ...

s (order

Tubulidentata Orycteropodidae is a family of afrotherian mammals. Although there are many fossil species, the only species surviving today is the aardvark, ''Orycteropus afer''. Orycteropodidae is recognized as the only family within the order Tubulidentata ...

), perhaps due to convergent specializations for digging. Analysis of preserved collagen sequences, however, places them in Afrosoricida closest to (and possibly within) tenrecs. The two species differ in size and aspects of morphology. They survived until as recently as 2150 BP. *Family: Tenrecidae (tenrecs) **Subfamily: Geogalinae ***Genus: ''

Geogale The large-eared tenrec (''Geogale aurita'') is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Geogale'', and the only member of the subfamily Geogalinae. It is endemic to Madagascar where its natur ...

'' ****

Large-eared tenrec The large-eared tenrec (''Geogale aurita'') is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Geogale'', and the only member of the subfamily Geogalinae. It is endemic to Madagascar where its natur ...

, ''G. aurita'' LC **Subfamily:

Oryzorictinae Oryzorictinae is a subfamily of tenrecs endemic to the island of Madagascar. It is the largest of three tenrec subfamilies. Oryzorictinae is thought to have split from the lineage of its closest relative, ''Geogale'', about 30 million years ( Ma) ...

***Genus: ''

Microgale ''Microgale'' is a genus of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. There are 21 living species on the island of Madagascar and one extinct species known from a fossil. Some species have been discovered in the last twenty years. On the basis of molecu ...

'' **** Short-tailed shrew tenrec, ''Microgale brevicaudata'' LC ****

Cowan's shrew tenrec Cowan's shrew tenrec (''Microgale cowani'') is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. Description Cowan's shrew tenrecs weigh an average just over , and have an average length of slightly over . Most specimens are mostly brown, ofte ...

, ''Microgale cowani'' LC ****

Drouhard's shrew tenrec Drouhard's shrew tenrec (''Microgale drouhardi''), also known as the striped shrew tenrec, is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical and tropical subtropical or tropical mo ...

, ''Microgale drouhardi'' LC ****

Dryad shrew tenrec The dryad shrew tenrec (''Microgale dryas''), also known as the tree shrew tenrec, is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( m ...

, ''Microgale dryas'' VU **** Pale shrew tenrec, ''Microgale fotsifotsy'' LC **** Gracile shrew tenrec, ''Microgale gracilis'' LC **** Grandidier's shrew tenrec, ''Microgale grandidieri'' LC **** Naked-nosed shrew tenrec, ''Microgale gymnorhyncha'' LC **** Jenkins's shrew tenrec, ''Microgale jenkinsae'' EN **** Northern shrew tenrec, ''Microgale jobihely'' EN **** Lesser long-tailed shrew tenrec, ''Microgale longicaudata'' LC **** '' Microgale macpheei'' EX ( PH) **** Major's long-tailed tenrec, (''Microgale majori'') LC ****

Web-footed tenrec The web-footed tenrec, Malagasy otter shrew, or aquatic tenrec (''Microgale mergulus'') is the only known semiaquatic tenrec (the related African otter shrews have similar habits), and is found in eastern Madagascar, especially in and around Rano ...

, ''Microgale mergulus'' VU **** Montane shrew tenrec, ''Microgale monticola'' VU **** Nasolo's shrew tenrec, ''Microgale nasoloi'' VU **** Pygmy shrew tenrec, ''Microgale parvula'' LC **** Greater long-tailed shrew tenrec, ''Microgale principula'' LC **** Least shrew tenrec, ''Microgale pusilla'' LC ****

Shrew-toothed shrew tenrec The shrew-toothed shrew tenrec (''Microgale soricoides'') is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasi ...

, ''Microgale soricoides'' LC ****

Taiva shrew tenrec The taiva shrew tenrec (''Microgale taiva'') is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=n ...

, ''Microgale taiva'' LC **** Thomas's shrew tenrec, ''Microgale thomasi'' LC ***Genus: ''

Nesogale ''Nesogale'' is a genus of tenrecs, which are a family of afrotherian mammals endemic to Madagascar. On the basis of molecular data indicating its two species form a sister group to the rest of ''Microgale'' (21 extant species), they were transfe ...

'' ****

Dobson's shrew tenrec Dobson's shrew tenrec (''Nesogale dobsoni'') is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist forests, plantations, and heavily degraded former forest. On the ba ...

, ''Nesogale dobsoni'' LC ****

Talazac's shrew tenrec Talazac's shrew tenrec (''Nesogale talazaci'') is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist forests. On the basis of molecular data indicating that it and D ...

, ''Nesogale talazaci'' LC ***Genus: '' Oryzorictes'' **** Mole-like rice tenrec, ''Oryzorictes hova'' LC **** Four-toed rice tenrec, ''Oryzorictes teradactylus'' DD **Subfamily:

Tenrecinae Tenrecinae is a tenrec subfamily endemic to the island of Madagascar. It contains the largest species in the family, ''Tenrec ecaudatus''. All members of the genus possess spines, analogous to those of hedgehogs, for defense against predators. ...

***Genus: ''

Echinops ''Echinops'' is a genus of about 120 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, commonly known as globe thistles. They have spiny foliage and produce blue or white spherical flower heads. They are native to Europe, east to central As ...

'' ****

Lesser hedgehog tenrec The lesser hedgehog tenrec (''Echinops telfairi'') is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is the only species in the genus ''Echinops'' and is named in honour of Charles Telfair. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats a ...

, ''Echinops telfairi'' LC ***Genus: '' Hemicentetes'' ****

Highland streaked tenrec The highland streaked tenrec (''Hemicentetes nigriceps'') is an insectivore which lives in the central upland regions of Madagascar. Its black and white striped body is covered with quills, which it will raise when agitated. The spines detach and ...

, ''Hemicentetes nigriceps'' LC **** Lowland streaked tenrec, ''Hemicentetes semispinosus'' LC ***Genus: ''

Setifer The greater hedgehog tenrec (''Setifer setosus''), also known as the large Madagascar hedgehog or sokina, is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical forests, sh ...

'' ****

Greater hedgehog tenrec The greater hedgehog tenrec (''Setifer setosus''), also known as the large Madagascar hedgehog or sokina, is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical forests, shru ...

, ''Setifer setosus'' LC ***Genus: ''

Tenrec A tenrec is any species of mammal within the afrotherian family Tenrecidae endemic to Madagascar. Tenrecs are wildly diverse; as a result of convergent evolution some resemble hedgehogs, shrews, opossums, rats, and mice. They occupy aquatic, a ...

'' ****

Tailless tenrec The tailless tenrec (''Tenrec ecaudatus''), also known as the common tenrec, is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is the only member of the genus ''Tenrec''. Native to Madagascar, it is also found in the Comoros, Mauritius, Réun ...

, ''Tenrec ecaudatus'' LC * '' Incertae familiae'': Genus: †''

'' ** '' Plesiorycteropus germainepetterae'' EX ( PH) ** '' Plesiorycteropus madagascariensis'' EX (PH)

Order:
Sirenia The Sirenia (), commonly referred to as sea-cows or sirenians, are an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit swamps, rivers, estuaries, marine wetlands, and coastal marine waters. The Sirenia currently comprise two distinct f ...
(manatees and dugongs)

----

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered. The dugong ranges widely along coastlines from east Africa to Australasia. It and the tenrecs are Madagascar's only

ns. *Family:

Dugongidae Dugongidae is a family in the order of Sirenia. The family has one surviving species, the dugong (''Dugong dugon''), one recently extinct species, Steller's sea cow (''Hydrodamalis gigas''), and a number of extinct genera known from fossil rec ...

**Genus: ''

Dugong The dugong (; ''Dugong dugon'') is a marine mammal. It is one of four living species of the order Sirenia, which also includes three species of manatees. It is the only living representative of the once-diverse family Dugongidae; its closest m ...

'' ***

, ''D. dugon''

Order:
Primates Primates are a diverse order of mammals. They are divided into the strepsirrhines, which include the lemurs, galagos, and lorisids, and the haplorhines, which include the tarsiers and the simians (monkeys and apes, the latter including huma ...

----

Fat-tailed Dwarf Lemur, Kirindy, Madagascar

Eulemur rufifrons, Isalo National Park 2007-03-01

The order Primates contains all the species commonly related to the

monkey Monkey is a common name that may refer to most mammals of the infraorder Simiiformes, also known as the simians. Traditionally, all animals in the group now known as simians are counted as monkeys except the apes, which constitutes an incomple ...

s, and

ape Apes (collectively Hominoidea ) are a clade of Old World simians native to sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (though they were more widespread in Africa, most of Asia, and as well as Europe in prehistory), which together with its siste ...

s, with the latter category including

humans Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, culture, ...

. It is divided into four main groupings:

strepsirrhine Strepsirrhini or Strepsirhini (; ) is a suborder of primates that includes the lemuriform primates, which consist of the lemurs of Madagascar, galagos ("bushbabies") and pottos from Africa, and the lorises from India and southeast Asia. Collec ...

tarsier Tarsiers ( ) are haplorhine primates of the family Tarsiidae, which is itself the lone extant family within the infraorder Tarsiiformes. Although the group was once more widespread, all of its species living today are found in Maritime Southeast ...

s, monkeys of the

New World The term ''New World'' is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 3 ...

, and monkeys and apes of the

Old World The "Old World" is a term for Afro-Eurasia that originated in Europe , after Europeans became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia, which were previously thought of by the ...

. Strepsirrhines make up all of Madagascar's native primates species, but comprise only a quarter of those of Africa, the rest being

simian The simians, anthropoids, or higher primates are an infraorder (Simiiformes ) of primates containing all animals traditionally called monkeys and apes. More precisely, they consist of the parvorders New World monkeys (Platyrrhini) and Catarrhi ...

s. Madagascar's strepsirrhines occupy both diurnal and

nocturnal Nocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal", versus diurnal meaning the opposite. Nocturnal creatures generally have highly developed sens ...

niches, while all those of Asia and mainland Africa are nocturnal and nearly all simians are diurnal (the only exception being neotropical '' Aotus'', which lives where strepsirrhines are absent).Cawthon Lang KA. 2005 July 18
Primate Factsheets: Owl monkey (''Aotus'') Taxonomy, Morphology, & Ecology
Accessed 2015 March 26. Madagascar's 15 genera of extant nonhuman primates compares with 6 in Central America, 20 in South America, 23 in Africa and 19 in Asia. A number of lemur species larger than any now alive, ranging in size up to that of a gorilla, are believed to have become extinct shortly after the recent arrival of humans. The endemic primates of Madagascar, the lemurs, constitute a single

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

and are the largest branch of strepsirrhines. It has been proposed that a common ancestor of all Madagascar's lemurs rafted across the

Mozambique Channel The Mozambique Channel (french: Canal du Mozambique, mg, Lakandranon'i Mozambika, pt, Canal de Moçambique) is an arm of the Indian Ocean located between the Southeast African countries of Madagascar and Mozambique. The channel is about long ...

from Africa between 50 and 60 million years ago. However, findings of similarities in dentition between several African primate fossils and

s, the most basal of lemurs, have led to the alternate proposal that the ancestors of aye-ayes colonized Madagascar separately from other lemurs. Between 2000 and 2008, 39 new lemur species were described, bringing the total number of recognized species and subspecies to 99; by 2014, the number of extant species and subspecies recognized had increased to 105. Of these, the IUCN classified 24 as critically endangered, 49 as endangered, 20 as vulnerable, three as near threatened, three as of least concern and four as data deficient; two were yet to be evaluated. *Suborder:

Strepsirrhini Strepsirrhini or Strepsirhini (; ) is a Order (biology), suborder of primates that includes the Lemuriformes, lemuriform primates, which consist of the lemurs of Fauna of Madagascar, Madagascar, galagos ("bushbabies") and pottos from Fauna of A ...

**Infraorder:

Lemuriformes Lemuriformes is an infraorder of primate that falls under the suborder Strepsirrhini. It includes the lemurs of Madagascar, as well as the galagos and lorisids of Africa and Asia, although a popular alternative taxonomy places the lorisoids i ...

*** Family: Archaeolemuridae (monkey lemurs) **** Genus: ''

Archaeolemur ''Archaeolemur'' ("ancient lemur" from Ancient Greek From Ancient Greek ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos), "Ancient" + Modern Latin lemur, "lemur") is an extinct genus of subfossil lemurs known from the Holocene epoch of Madagascar. ''Archaeolemur'' is ...

'' ***** ''

Archaeolemur edwardsi ''Archaeolemur'' ("ancient lemur" from Ancient Greek From Ancient Greek ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos), "Ancient" + Modern Latin lemur, "lemur") is an extinct genus of subfossil lemurs known from the Holocene epoch of Madagascar. ''Archaeolemur'' i ...

'' EX ( PH) ***** ''

Archaeolemur majori ''Archaeolemur'' ("ancient lemur" from Ancient Greek From Ancient Greek ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos), "Ancient" + Modern Latin lemur, "lemur") is an extinct genus of subfossil lemurs known from the Holocene epoch of Madagascar. ''Archaeolemur'' i ...

'' EX (PH) **** Genus: ''

Hadropithecus ''Hadropithecus'' ("bulky ape" from Greek ἁδρός (hadros), "bulky, large" + πίθηκος (pithekos), "ape") is a medium-sized, extinct genus of lemur, or strepsirrhine primate, from Madagascar that includes a single species, ''Hadrop ...

'' ***** '' Hadropithecus stenognathus'' EX (PH) ***Family:

Cheirogaleidae The Cheirogaleidae are the family of strepsirrhine primates containing the various dwarf and mouse lemurs. Like all other lemurs, cheirogaleids live exclusively on the island of Madagascar. Characteristics Cheirogaleids are smaller than the othe ...

**** Genus: '' Allocebus'' *****

Hairy-eared dwarf lemur The hairy-eared dwarf lemur (''Allocebus trichotis''), or hairy-eared mouse lemur, is one of the most scarcely known lemurs. ''A. trichotis'' is a nocturnal lemur that is endemic to Madagascar. It was originally named by Albert Günther in 1875 ...

, ''Allocebus trichotis'' EN ****Genus: '' Cheirogaleus'' *****

Montagne d'Ambre dwarf lemur The Montagne d'Ambre dwarf lemur or Andy Sabin's dwarf lemur (''Cheirogaleus andysabini'') is a species of dwarf lemur known only from Amber Mountain National Park and the surrounding area in northern Madagascar. It was identified in 2005, but n ...

, ''Cheirogaleus andysabini'' EN *****

Furry-eared dwarf lemur The furry-eared dwarf lemur (''Cheirogaleus crossleyi''), or Crossley's dwarf lemur, only found on the island of Madagascar, as with all other lemurs. It has a pelage Fur is a thick growth of hair that covers the skin of mammals. It consists ...

, ''Cheirogaleus crossleyi'' VU *****

Groves' dwarf lemur Groves' dwarf lemur (''Cheirogaleus grovesi'') is a species of dwarf lemur known from Ranomafana and Andringitra national parks and surrounding areas in southeastern Madagascar. The identification was based on comparison of mitochondrial and n ...

, ''Cheirogaleus grovesi'' DD *****

Lavasoa dwarf lemur The Lavasoa dwarf lemur (''Cheirogaleus lavasoensis'') is a small, nocturnal strepsirrhine primate and a species of lemur that is endemic to three small, isolated patches of forest on the southern slopes of the Lavasoa Mountains in southern Madaga ...

, ''Cheirogaleus lavasoensis'' EN *****

Greater dwarf lemur The greater dwarf lemur (''Cheirogaleus major''), or the Geoffroy's dwarf lemur, is a lemur that is widely distributed over the primary and secondary forests near the eastern coast of Madagascar. They are also found in northern parts of Madagasca ...

, ''Cheirogaleus major'' VU *****

Fat-tailed dwarf lemur The fat-tailed dwarf lemur (''Cheirogaleus medius''), also known as the lesser dwarf lemur, western fat-tailed dwarf lemur, or spiny forest dwarf lemur, is endemic to Madagascar. Hibernation Recent research has shown that ''C. medius'' hibernat ...

, ''Cheirogaleus medius'' VU *****

Lesser iron-gray dwarf lemur The lesser iron-gray dwarf lemur (''Cheirogaleus minusculus''), or large iron-gray dwarf lemur, is a small nocturnal lemur endemic to Madagascar. It is nocturnal and an arboreal quadruped, and is not very agile. It produces three types of vocalisa ...

, ''Cheirogaleus minusculus'' NE ***** Ankarana dwarf lemur, ''Cheirogaleus shethi'' EN *****

Sibree's dwarf lemur Sibree's dwarf lemur (''Cheirogaleus sibreei'') is a small nocturnal lemur endemic to Madagascar. The name of this dwarf lemur commemorates the English missionary and naturalist James Sibree (1836–1929). In 2010, a research team confirmed tha ...

, ''Cheirogaleus sibreei'' CR **** Genus: ''

Microcebus The mouse lemurs are nocturnal lemurs of the genus ''Microcebus''. Like all lemurs, mouse lemurs are native to Madagascar. Mouse lemurs have a combined head, body and tail length of less than , making them the smallest primates (the smallest spe ...

'' *****

Arnhold's mouse lemur Arnhold's mouse lemur or the Montagne d'Ambre mouse lemur (''Microcebus arnholdi'') is a species of mouse lemur endemic to Madagascar. Its holotype was first collected on 27 November 2005, and was first described in 2008. According to genetic t ...

, ''Microcebus arnholdi'' VU *****

Madame Berthe's mouse lemur Madame Berthe's mouse lemur (''Microcebus berthae'') or Berthe's mouse lemur is the smallest of the mouse lemurs and the smallest primate in the world; the average body length is and seasonal weight is around . ''Microcebus berthae'' is one of ...

, ''Microcebus berthae'' CR ***** Bongolava mouse lemur, ''Microcebus bongolavensis'' EN *****

Boraha mouse lemur The Nosy Boraha mouse lemur (''Microcebus boraha'') is a species of mouse lemur described in 2016 from Madagascar. It was discovered by a team of researchers at the German Primate Center. It was initially discovered among closely related species ...

, ''Microcebus boraha'' DD *****

Danfoss' mouse lemur Danfoss's mouse lemur (''Microcebus danfossi''), or the Ambarijeby mouse lemur, is a species of mouse lemur endemic to Madagascar. It lives in western deciduous forest within a limited range between the Sofia River and the Maevarano River. This ...

, ''Microcebus danfossi'' VU *****

Ganzhorn's mouse lemur Ganzhorn's mouse lemur (''Microcebus ganzhorni'') is a species of lemur described in 2016. The discovery was made by researchers at the German Primate Center. It was discovered in Madagascar among closely related species such as Madame Berthe's m ...

, ''Microcebus ganzhorni'' EN *****

Gerp's mouse lemur Gerp's mouse lemur (''Microcebus gerpi'') is a species of mouse lemur known only from the Sahafina Forest in eastern Madagascar, near Mantadia National Park. Its discovery was announced in 2012 by a German and Malagasy research team. The Saha ...

, ''Microcebus gerpi'' CR *****

Reddish-gray mouse lemur The reddish-gray mouse lemur (''Microcebus griseorufus'') also known as the gray-brown mouse lemur or rufous-gray mouse lemur, is a small, solitary-but-social, nocturnal and omnivorous primate from the Western Madagascar in the region around Bez ...

, ''Microcebus griseorufus'' LC *****

Jolly's mouse lemur Jolly's mouse lemur (''Microcebus jollyae'') is a species of mouse lemur from Mananjary and Kianjavato in Madagascar. The species is named in honor of primatologist Alison Jolly. Jolly's mouse lemur is uniformly reddish-brown with a small white ...

, ''Microcebus jollyae'' EN *****

Goodman's mouse lemur Goodman's mouse lemur (''Microcebus lehilahytsara'') is a species of mouse lemur from the region near Andasibe in eastern Madagascar. The species is named in honor of primatologist Steven M. Goodman. "Lehilahytsara" is a combination of the Ma ...

, ''Microcebus lehilahytsara'' VU *****

MacArthur's mouse lemur MacArthur's mouse lemur (''Microcebus macarthurii''), or the Anjiahely mouse lemur, is a species of mouse lemur known only from Makira Natural Park in northeastern Madagascar. The species is named in honor of the founder of the MacArthur Foundat ...

, ''Microcebus macarthurii'' EN *****

Claire's mouse lemur Claire's mouse lemur (''Microcebus mamiratra''), or the Nosy Be mouse lemur, is a newly described species of lemur from the genus of the mouse lemurs (''Microcebus''). It lives on the island Nosy Bé in the Antsiranana province of Madagascar, an ...

, ''Microcebus mamiratra'' EN ***** Manitatra mouse lemur, ''Microcebus manitatra'' CR *****

Margot Marsh's mouse lemur Margot Marsh's mouse lemur or the Antafondro mouse lemur (''Microcebus margotmarshae'') is a species of mouse lemur endemic to Madagascar. Its holotype was first collected on 21 May 2006, proposed in 2006 by Andriantompohavana ''et al.'', and wa ...

, ''Microcebus margotmarshae'' EN *****

Marohita mouse lemur The Marohita mouse lemur (''Microcebus marohita'') is a species of mouse lemur known only from the Marohita Forest in eastern Madagascar, near the village of Marolambo. Specimens were first collected in December 2003, and its discovery was anno ...

, ''Microcebus marohita'' CR ***** Mittermeier's mouse lemur, ''Microcebus mittermeieri'' EN *****

Gray mouse lemur The gray mouse lemur (''Microcebus murinus''), grey mouse lemur or lesser mouse lemur, is a small lemur, a type of strepsirrhine primate, found only on the island of Madagascar. Weighing , it is the largest of the mouse lemurs (genus ''Microceb ...

, ''Microcebus murinus'' NE *****

Pygmy mouse lemur The pygmy mouse lemur (''Microcebus myoxinus''), also known as Peters' mouse lemur or dormouse lemur, is a primate weighing only ; it is the second smallest of the mouse lemurs. Its dorsal side is a rufous-brown colour, and creamy-white ventrally ...

, ''Microcebus myoxinus'' VU ***** Golden-brown mouse lemur, ''Microcebus ravelobensis'' VU *****

Brown mouse lemur The brown mouse lemur (''Microcebus rufus'') is a small primate, and like the other mouse lemurs can only be found on the island of Madagascar. They are known also as the rufous mouse lemur, eastern rufous mouse lemur, red mouse lemur, or russet ...

, ''Microcebus rufus'' VU *****

Sambirano mouse lemur The Sambirano mouse lemur (''Microcebus sambiranensis'') is a small, recently discovered primate and like the other mouse lemurs can only be found on the island of Madagascar. The dorsal side is both cinnamon and rufous-cinnamon and is grey ventr ...

, ''Microcebus sambiranensis'' EN ***** Simmons' mouse lemur, ''Microcebus simmonsi'' NE *****

Anosy mouse lemur The Anosy mouse lemur (''Microcebus tanosi'') is a species of mouse lemur known only from the Manantantely Forest and Ivorona Forest in southeastern Madagascar, near Tôlanaro. Specimens were first collected in April 2007, and its discovery wa ...

, ''Microcebus tanosi'' EN *****

Northern rufous mouse lemur The northern rufous mouse lemur (''Microcebus tavaratra''), northern brown mouse lemur, or Tavaratra mouse lemur is found in northern Madagascar from the Ankarana Special Reserve in the west to the Manambato River in the northeast, and up to the ...

, ''Microcebus tavaratra'' VU **** Genus: ''

Mirza Mirza may refer to: * Mirza, Kamrup, town in Assam, India * Mirza (name), historical royal title & noble * ''Mirza'', the genus of giant mouse lemur * "Mirza", song by Nino Ferrer * ''Mirza – The Untold Story'', Punjabi action romance film wri ...

'' *****

Coquerel's giant mouse lemur Coquerel's giant mouse lemur (''Mirza coquereli''), also known as Coquerel's dwarf lemur or the southern giant mouse lemur, is a small nocturnal lemur endemic to Madagascar. This species can be found in parts of the Madagascar dry deciduous fore ...

, ''Mirza coquereli'' EN *****

Northern giant mouse lemur The northern giant mouse lemur (''Mirza zaza''), or northern dwarf lemur, is a species of lemur discovered in 2005.VU **** Genus: '' Phaner'' *****

Amber Mountain fork-marked lemur The Amber Mountain fork-marked lemur (''Phaner electromontis''), also known as the Montagne d'Ambre fork-crowned lemur or Tanta, is a small primate, and like the other lemurs, can only be found on the island of Madagascar. The species is named aft ...

, ''Phaner electromontis'' EN *****

Masoala fork-marked lemur The Masoala fork-marked lemur (''Phaner furcifer''), also known as the eastern fork-marked lemur or Masoala fork-crowned lemur, is a species of lemur found in the coastal forests of northeastern Madagascar. It is a small nocturnal animal with lar ...

, ''Phaner furcifer'' EN *****

Pale fork-marked lemur The pale fork-marked lemur (''Phaner pallescens''), or western fork-marked lemur, is a species of lemur known from western Madagascar; south of the Fiherenana River to the region of Soalala. It is listed on CITES Appendix I. References

...

, ''Phaner pallescens'' EN ***** Pariente's fork-marked lemur, ''Phaner parienti'' EN *** Family:

Daubentoniidae ''Daubentonia'' is the sole genus of the Daubentoniidae, a family of lemuroid primate native to much of Madagascar. The aye-aye ''(Daubentonia madagascariensis)'' is the only extant member. However, a second species known as the giant aye-aye ...

**** Genus: ''

Daubentonia ''Daubentonia'' is the sole genus of the Daubentoniidae, a family of lemuroid primate native to much of Madagascar. The aye-aye ''(Daubentonia madagascariensis)'' is the only extant member. However, a second species known as the giant aye-aye ...

'' *****

Aye-aye The aye-aye (''Daubentonia madagascariensis'') is a long-fingered lemur, a strepsirrhine primate native to Madagascar with rodent-like teeth that perpetually grow and a special thin middle finger. It is the world's largest nocturnal primate. ...

, ''Daubentonia madagascariensis'' EN *****

Giant aye-aye The giant aye-aye (''Daubentonia robusta'') is an extinct relative of the aye-aye, the only other species in the genus ''Daubentonia''. It lived in Madagascar, appears to have disappeared less than 1,000 years ago, is entirely unknown in life, an ...

, ''Daubentonia robusta'' EX ( PH) *** Family:

Indriidae The Indriidae (sometimes incorrectly spelled Indridae) are a family of strepsirrhine primates. They are medium- to large-sized lemurs, with only four teeth in the toothcomb instead of the usual six. Indriids, like all lemurs, live exclusively on t ...

**** Genus: '' Avahi'' *****

Betsileo woolly lemur The Betsileo woolly lemur or Betsileo avahi (''Avahi betsileo'') is a species of woolly lemur native to southeastern Madagascar, in the District of Fandriana. The pelage differs significantly from other southeastern woolly lemurs in that it is p ...

, ''Avahi betsileo'' EN *****

Bemaraha woolly lemur The Bemaraha woolly lemur (''Avahi cleesei''), also known as Cleese's woolly lemur, is a species of woolly lemur native to western Madagascar, named after John Cleese. The first scientist to discover the species named it after Cleese, star of Mon ...

, ''Avahi cleesei'' CR *****

Eastern woolly lemur The eastern woolly lemur (''Avahi laniger''), also known as the eastern avahi or Gmelin's woolly lemur, is a species of woolly lemur native to eastern Madagascar, where it lives in the wet tropical rainforest at low elevations along the eastern ...

, ''Avahi laniger'' VU *****

Southern woolly lemur The southern woolly lemur (''Avahi meridionalis''), or southern avahi, has been recently recognized as a separate species of woolly lemur in 2006 by Zaramody ''et al.'' It is a nocturnal and pair-living species. Groups can range from 2 (the paren ...

, ''Avahi meridionalis'' EN *****

Moore's woolly lemur Moore's woolly lemur (''Avahi mooreorum''), or the Masoala woolly lemur, is a woolly lemur endemic to Madagascar. It has brown-grey fur and a reddish tail. It is named in honor of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation of San Francisco S ...

, ''Avahi mooreorum'' EN *****

Western woolly lemur The western woolly lemur or western avahi (''Avahi occidentalis'') is a species of woolly lemur native to western Madagascar, where they live in dry deciduous forests. These nocturnal animals weigh . It is a folivorous species. The western wooll ...

, ''Avahi occidentalis'' VU *****

Peyrieras's woolly lemur Peyrieras's woolly lemur or Peyrieras's avahi (''Avahi peyrierasi'') is a species of woolly lemur native to southeastern Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, ...

, ''Avahi peyrierasi'' VU *****

Ramanantsoavana's woolly lemur Ramanantsoavana's woolly lemur (''Avahi ramanantsoavanai''), also known as Ramanantsoavana's avahi or the Manombo woolly lemur, is a species of woolly lemur native to southeastern Madagascar. It weighs about 1 kg. It was originally conside ...

, ''Avahi ramanantsoavanai'' VU *****

Sambirano woolly lemur The Sambirano woolly lemur (''Avahi unicolor''), also known as the Sambirano avahi or unicolor woolly lemur, is a species of woolly lemur native to western Madagascar. Description The species are located in Cacamba, on the peninsula of Ampasind ...

, ''Avahi unicolor'' CR **** Genus: ''

Indri The indri (; ''Indri indri''), also called the babakoto, is one of the largest living lemurs, with a head-body length of about and a weight of between . It has a black and white coat and maintains an upright posture when climbing or clinging. ...

'' *****

, ''Indri indri'' CR **** Genus: ''

Propithecus A sifaka (; ) is a lemur of the genus ''Propithecus'' from the family Indriidae within the order Primates. The name of their family is an onomatopoeia of their characteristic "shi-fak" alarm call. Like all lemurs, they are found only on the isl ...

'' *****

Silky sifaka The silky sifaka (''Propithecus candidus'') is a large lemur characterized by long, silky, white fur. It has a very restricted range in northeastern Madagascar, where it is known locally as the ''simpona''. It is one of the rarest mammals on Ear ...

, ''Propithecus candidus'' CR *****

Coquerel's sifaka Coquerel's sifaka (''Propithecus coquereli'') is a diurnal, medium-sized lemur of the sifaka genus ''Propithecus''. It is native to northwest Madagascar. Coquerel's sifaka was once considered to be a subspecies of Verreaux's sifaka, but was eve ...

, ''Propithecus coquereli'' CR *****

Crowned sifaka The crowned sifaka (''Propithecus coronatus'') is a sifaka endemic to western Madagascar, a part of the world where nature and its biological diversity faces enormous and devastating consequences resulting from anthropogenic activities. It is a s ...

, ''Propithecus coronatus'' CR *****

Von der Decken's sifaka Von der Decken's sifaka (''Propithecus deckenii'') is a sifaka endemic to Madagascar. It has a length of 92 to 107 centimeters, of which 42-48 centimeters are tail. Von der Decken's Sifaka lives in western Madagascar. It lives in dry deciduous f ...

, ''Propithecus deckenii'' CR *****

Diademed sifaka The diademed sifaka (''Propithecus diadema''), or diademed simpona, is an endangered species of sifaka, one of the lemurs endemic to certain rainforests in eastern Madagascar. Along with the indri, this species is one of the two largest living l ...

, ''Propithecus diadema'' CR *****

Milne-Edwards's sifaka Milne-Edwards's sifaka (''Propithecus edwardsi''), or Milne-Edwards's simpona, is a large arboreal, diurnal lemur endemic to the eastern coastal rainforest of Madagascar. Milne-Edwards's sifaka is characterized by a black body with a light-colo ...

, ''Propithecus edwardsi'' EN *****

Perrier's sifaka Perrier's sifaka (''Propithecus perrieri'') is a lemur endemic to Madagascar. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of diademed sifaka It has a very small range in northeastern Madagascar where its habitat is dry deciduous or semihumid fo ...

, ''Propithecus perrieri'' CR *****

Golden-crowned sifaka The golden-crowned sifaka or Tattersall's sifaka (''Propithecus tattersalli'') is a medium-sized lemur characterized by mostly white fur, prominent furry ears, and a golden-orange crown. It is one of the smallest sifakas (genus ''Propithecus'') ...

, ''Propithecus tattersalli'' CR *****

Verreaux's sifaka Verreaux's sifaka (''Propithecus verreauxi''), or the white sifaka, is a medium-sized primate in one of the lemur families, the Indriidae. It lives in Madagascar and can be found in a variety of habitats from rainforest to dry deciduous forests ...

, ''Propithecus verreauxi'' CR *** Family:

Lemuridae Lemuridae is a family of strepsirrhine primates native to Madagascar and the Comoros. They are represented by the Lemuriformes in Madagascar with one of the highest concentration of the lemurs. One of five families commonly known as lemurs. These ...

(large lemurs) **** Genus: ''

Eulemur True lemurs, also known as brown lemurs, are the lemurs in genus ''Eulemur''. They are medium-sized primates that live exclusively on Madagascar. The fur of the true lemurs is long and usually reddish brown. Often, sexual dimorphism in coloratio ...

'' *****

White-headed lemur The white-headed lemur (''Eulemur albifrons''), also known as the white-headed brown lemur, white-fronted brown lemur, or white-fronted lemur, is a species of primate in the family Lemuridae. It is only found in north-eastern Madagascar. It is a ...

, ''Eulemur albifrons'' VU *****

Gray-headed lemur The gray-headed lemur (''Eulemur cinereiceps''), or gray-headed brown lemur, is a medium-sized primate, a cathemeral species of lemur in the family Lemuridae. Until a taxonomic revision in 2008, it was known as the white-collared brown lemur or ...

, ''Eulemur cinereiceps'' CR *****

Collared brown lemur The collared brown lemur (''Eulemur collaris''), also known as the red-collared brown lemur or red-collared lemur, is a medium-sized strepsirrhine primate and one of twelve species of brown lemur in the family Lemuridae. It is only found in sou ...

, ''Eulemur collaris'' EN *****

Crowned lemur The crowned lemur (''Eulemur coronatus'') is a lemur that is long and weighs . Its tail is about long. Description The crowned lemur is endemic to the dry deciduous forests of the northern tip of Madagascar. It eats a diet of mostly flowers, f ...

, ''Eulemur coronatus'' EN *****

Blue-eyed black lemur The blue-eyed black lemur (''Eulemur flavifrons''), also known as the Sclater's lemur, is a species of true lemur. It can attain a body length of , a tail length of , a total length of , and a weight of . Being a primate, it has strong hands wit ...

, ''Eulemur flavifrons'' CR *****

Common brown lemur The common brown lemur (''Eulemur fulvus'') is a species of lemur in the family Lemuridae. It is found in Madagascar and has been introduced to Mayotte. Taxonomy Five additional currently recognized species of lemur were until 2001 considered s ...

, ''Eulemur fulvus'' VU ***** Black lemur, ''Eulemur macaco'' EN *****

Mongoose lemur The mongoose lemur (''Eulemur mongoz'') is a small primate in the family Lemuridae, native to Madagascar and introduced to the Comoros Islands. These arboreal animals have pointed faces, long, bushy tails, dark-brown upper parts, pale bellies, a ...

, ''Eulemur mongoz'' CR *****

Red-bellied lemur The red-bellied lemur (''Eulemur rubriventer'') is a medium-sized strepsirrhine primate with a luxuriant chestnut brown coat. This lemur is endemic to eastern Madagascan rainforests and is distinguished by patches of white skin below the e ...

, ''Eulemur rubriventer'' VU *****

Red-fronted lemur The red-fronted lemur (''Eulemur rufifrons''), also known as the red-fronted brown lemur or southern red-fronted brown lemur, is a species of lemur from Madagascar. Until 2001, it was considered a subspecies of the common brown lemur, ''E. fulvu ...

, ''Eulemur rufifrons'' VU *****

Red lemur The red lemur (''Eulemur rufus''), also known as the rufous brown lemur or northern red-fronted lemur, is a species of lemur from Madagascar. Until 2001, the species ''E. rufus'' was considered a subspecies of the common brown lemur, ''E. fulvus ...

, ''Eulemur rufus'' VU *****

Sanford's brown lemur Sanford's brown lemur (''Eulemur sanfordi''), or Sanford's lemur, is a species of Strepsirrhini, strepsirrhine primate in the family Lemuridae. Sanford's brown lemur was previously considered a subspecies of the common brown lemur (''Eulemur fulv ...

, ''Eulemur sanfordi'' EN **** Genus: ''

Hapalemur The bamboo lemurs or gentle lemurs are the lemurs in genus ''Hapalemur''. These medium-sized primates live exclusively on Madagascar. Etymology Bamboo lemurs were first described by French zoologist Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire in 1851. Compar ...

'' *****

Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur The Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur (''Hapalemur alaotrensis''), also known as the Lac Alaotra gentle lemur, Alaotran bamboo lemur, Alaotran gentle lemur, Alaotra reed lemur, or locally as the ', is a bamboo lemur. It is endemic to the reed beds in and ...

, ''Hapalemur alaotrensis'' CR *****

Golden bamboo lemur The golden bamboo lemur (''Hapalemur aureus''), or in Malagasy, is a medium-sized bamboo lemur endemic to south-eastern Madagascar. Description The golden bamboo lemur is crepuscular i.e. is a most active at dawn and dusk. It is about the siz ...

, ''Hapalemur aureus'' CR *****

Eastern lesser bamboo lemur The eastern lesser bamboo lemur (''Hapalemur griseus''), also known as the gray bamboo lemur, the gray gentle lemur, and the Mahajanga lemur is a small lemur endemic to Madagascar, with three known subspecies. As its name suggests, the eastern le ...

, ''Hapalemur griseus'' VU ****** Beanamalao bamboo lemur, ''Hapalemur griseus gilberti'' DD ******

, ''Hapalemur griseus griseus'' VU ****** Ranomafana bamboo lemur, ''Hapalemur griseus ranomafanensis'' VU *****

Southern lesser bamboo lemur The southern lesser bamboo lemur (''Hapalemur meridionalis''), also known as the southern bamboo lemur, rusty-gray lesser bamboo lemur, and southern gentle lemur, is a species of bamboo lemur endemic to southern Madagascar. Taxonomy It was origi ...

, ''Hapalemur meridionalis'' VU *****

Western lesser bamboo lemur The western lesser bamboo lemur (''Hapalemur occidentalis''), also known as the northern bamboo lemur, western gentle lemur, or Sambirano lesser bamboo lemur, is a species of bamboo lemur endemic to Madagascar. Description The total length of th ...

, ''Hapalemur occidentalis'' VU *****

Greater bamboo lemur The greater bamboo lemur (''Hapalemur simus''), also known as the broad-nosed bamboo lemur and the broad-nosed gentle lemur, is a species of lemur endemic to the island of Madagascar. Taxonomy Originally described as ''Hapalemur (Prolemur) s ...

, ''Hapalemur simus'' CR **** Genus: ''

Lemur Lemurs ( ) (from Latin ''lemures'' – ghosts or spirits) are Strepsirrhini, wet-nosed primates of the Superfamily (biology), superfamily Lemuroidea (), divided into 8 Family (biology), families and consisting of 15 genera and around 100 exist ...

'' *****

Ring-tailed lemur The ring-tailed lemur (''Lemur catta'') is a large strepsirrhine primate and the most recognized lemur due to its long, black and white ringed tail. It belongs to Lemuridae, one of five lemur families, and is the only member of the ''Lemur'' ge ...

, ''Lemur catta'' EN **** Genus: ''

Pachylemur ''Pachylemur'' is an extinct, giant lemur most closely related to the ruffed lemurs of genus ''Varecia''. Two species are known, ''Pachylemur insignis'' and ''Pachylemur jullyi'', although there is some doubt as to whether or not they may actua ...

'' ***** ''

Pachylemur insignis ''Pachylemur'' is an Subfossil lemur, extinct, giant lemur most closely related to the ruffed lemurs of genus ''Varecia''. Two species are known, ''Pachylemur insignis'' and ''Pachylemur jullyi'', although there is some doubt as to whether or no ...

'' EX ( PH) ***** '' Pachylemur jullyi'' EX (PH) **** Genus: ''

Varecia The ruffed lemurs of the genus ''Varecia'' are strepsirrhine primates and the largest extant lemurs within the family Lemuridae. Like all living lemurs, they are found only on the island of Madagascar. Formerly considered to be a monotypic genus ...

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Red ruffed lemur The red ruffed lemur (''Varecia rubra'') is one of two species in the genus ''Varecia'', the ruffed lemurs; the other is the black-and-white ruffed lemur (''Varecia variegata''). Like all lemurs, it is native to Madagascar. It occurs only in the ...

, ''Varecia rubra'' CR *****

Black-and-white ruffed lemur The black-and-white ruffed lemur (''Varecia variegata'') is an endangered species of ruffed lemur, one of two which are endemic to the island of Madagascar. Despite having a larger range than the red ruffed lemur, it has a much smaller populati ...

, ''Varecia variegata'' CR ****** Southern black-and-white ruffed lemur, ''Varecia variegata editorum'' CR ******

White-belted black-and-white ruffed lemur The black-and-white ruffed lemur (''Varecia variegata'') is an endangered species of ruffed lemur, one of two which are endemic to the island of Madagascar. Despite having a larger range than the red ruffed lemur, it has a much smaller populati ...

, ''Varecia variegata subcincta'' CR ******

, ''Varecia variegata variegata'' CR *** Family:

Lepilemuridae The sportive lemurs are the medium-sized primates that make up the family Lepilemuridae. The family consists of only one extant genus, ''Lepilemur''. They are closely related to the other lemurs and exclusively live on the island of Madagascar. ...

**** Genus: ''

Lepilemur The sportive lemurs are the medium-sized primates that make up the family Lepilemuridae. The family consists of only one extant genus, ''Lepilemur''. They are closely related to the other lemurs and exclusively live on the island of Madagascar. ...

'' ***** Antafia sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur aeeclis'' EN ***** Ahmanson's sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur ahmansonorum'' CR ***** Ankarana sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur ankaranensis'' EN *****

Betsileo sportive lemur The betsileo sportive lemur (''Lepilemur betsileo'') is a sportive lemur endemic to Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de M ...

, ''Lepilemur betsileo'' EN ***** Gray-backed sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur dorsalis'' EN *****

Milne-Edwards' sportive lemur Milne-Edwards' sportive lemur (''Lepilemur edwardsi''), or Milne-Edwards' weasel lemur, is a species of lemur in the family Lepilemuridae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened b ...

, ''Lepilemur edwardsi'' EN *****

Fleurete's sportive lemur Fleurete's sportive lemur (''Lepilemur fleuretae''), or the Andohahela sportive lemur, is a sportive lemur endemic to Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, li ...

, ''Lepilemur fleuretae'' EN *****

Grewcock's sportive lemur Grewcock's sportive lemur (''Lepilemur grewcockorum''), or the Anjiamangirana sportive lemur, is a sportive lemur endemic to Madagascar. It is a medium-sized sportive lemurs with a total length of about , of which are tail. Grewcock's sportive ...

, ''Lepilemur grewcockorum'' CR *****

Holland's sportive lemur Holland's sportive lemur (''Lepilemur hollandorum''), or the Mananara-Nord sportive lemur, is a sportive lemur that is endemic to Madagascar. It is one of 26 species in the genus Lepilemur. This lemur is found specifically in the Mananara-Nord ...

, ''Lepilemur hollandorum'' CR *****

Hubbard's sportive lemur Hubbard's sportive lemur (''Lepilemur hubbardorum''), or the Zombitse sportive lemur, is a sportive lemur endemic to Madagascar. It has total length of about , of which are tail. Hubbard's sportive lemur is found north of the Onilahy River and ...

, ''Lepilemur hubbardorum'' EN *****

James' sportive lemur James' sportive lemur (''Lepilemur jamesorum''), or the Manombo sportive lemur, is a sportive lemur endemic to Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ...

, ''Lepilemur jamesorum'' CR *****

White-footed sportive lemur The white-footed sportive lemur, white-footed weasel lemur, or dry-bush weasel lemur (''Lepilemur leucopus'') is a species of lemur in the family Lepilemuridae, the sportive lemurs. It is similar in appearance to other lemurs in the family, with ...

, ''Lepilemur leucopus'' EN *****

Small-toothed sportive lemur The small-toothed sportive lemur (''Lepilemur microdon''), or small-toothed weasel lemur, is a primate species in the family Lepilemuridae that—like all extant lemurs—is endemic to Madagascar. The species lives in dense rainforest in southeas ...

, ''Lepilemur microdon'' EN *****

Daraina sportive lemur The Daraina sportive lemur (''Lepilemur milanoii'') is a sportive lemur endemic to Madagascar. It is a relatively small sportive lemur with a total length of about , of which are tail. L. milanoii is found in northern Madagascar, living in dr ...

, ''Lepilemur milanoii'' EN *****

Mittermeier's sportive lemur Mittermeier's sportive lemur (''Lepilemur mittermeieri'') is a sportive lemur endemic to the Ampasindava Peninsula in Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, l ...

, ''Lepilemur mittermeieri'' CR ***** Weasel sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur mustelinus'' VU *****

Otto's sportive lemur Otto's sportive lemur (''Lepilemur otto''), or the Ambodimahabibo sportive lemur, is a sportive lemur endemic to Madagascar. Its coloration is primarily grey-brown. It is known only from Ambodimahabibo, between the Mahajamba River in the west a ...

, ''Lepilemur otto'' EN *****

Petter's sportive lemur Petter's sportive lemur (''Lepilemur petteri'') is a sportive lemur endemic to Madagascar. It is one of 26 species in the genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fos ...

, ''Lepilemur petteri'' EN ***** Randrianasolo's sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur randrianasoloi'' EN *****

Red-tailed sportive lemur The red-tailed sportive lemur (''Lepilemur ruficaudatus''), or red-tailed weasel lemur, is native to Madagascar like all lemurs. It is a nocturnal species feeding largely on leaves, though they also eat some fruit. Individuals weigh around , a ...

, ''Lepilemur ruficaudatus'' CR *****

Sahamalaza sportive lemur The Sahamalaza sportive lemur (''Lepilemur sahamalaza'') is a species of sportive lemur endemic to northern Madagascar. Taxonomy The sportive lemurs (Lepilemuridae) constitute a family with only a single genus, ''Lepilemur''. Relationships withi ...

, ''Lepilemur sahamalazensis'' CR ***** Scott's sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur scottorum'' EN ***** Seal's sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur seali'' VU *****

Northern sportive lemur The northern sportive lemur (''Lepilemur septentrionalis''), also known as the Sahafary sportive lemur or northern weasel lemur, is a species of lemur in the family Lepilemuridae. It is endemic to Madagascar. As a result of severe ecological and ...

, ''Lepilemur septentrionalis'' CR ***** Hawks' sportive lemur, ''Lepilemur tymerlachsonorum'' CR *****

Wright's sportive lemur Wright's sportive lemur (''Lepilemur wrightae''), or the Kalambatritra sportive lemur, is a sportive lemur endemic to Madagascar. It is one of the larger sportive lemurs with a total length of about , of which are tail. It is found in southeast ...

, ''Lepilemur wrightae'' EN *** Family: Megaladapidae (koala lemurs) **** Genus: ''

Megaladapis ''Megaladapis'' ("Great ''Adapis''" from Ancient Greek μεγαλος (megalos), "great, big" + Modern Latin ''Adapis'', "''Adapis''"), informally known as the koala lemur, was a genus belonging to the family Megaladapidae, consisting of three ...

'' ***** ''

Megaladapis edwardsi ''Megaladapis'' ("Great ''Adapis''" from Ancient Greek μεγαλος (megalos), "great, big" + Modern Latin ''Adapis'', "'' Adapis''"), informally known as the koala lemur, was a genus belonging to the family Megaladapidae, consisting of thre ...

'' EX ( PH) ***** '' Megaladapis madagascariensis'' EX (PH) ***** ''

Megaladapis grandidieri ''Megaladapis'' ("Great ''Adapis''" from Ancient Greek μεγαλος (megalos), "great, big" + Modern Latin ''Adapis'', "'' Adapis''"), informally known as the koala lemur, was a genus belonging to the family Megaladapidae, consisting of thre ...

'' EX (PH) *** Family: Palaeopropithecidae (sloth lemurs) **** Genus: ''

'' ***** ''

Archaeoindris fontoynonti ''Archaeoindris fontoynontii'' is an extinct giant lemur and the largest primate known to have evolved on Madagascar, comparable in size to a male gorilla. It belonged to a family of extinct lemurs known as "sloth lemurs" (Palaeopropithecidae) ...

'' EX ( PH) **** Genus: ''

Babakotia ''Babakotia'' is an extinct genus of medium-sized lemur, or strepsirrhine primate, from Madagascar that contains a single species, ''Babakotia radofilai''. Together with '' Palaeopropithecus'', '' Archaeoindris'', and '' Mesopropithecus'', it fo ...

'' ***** ''

Babakotia radofilai ''Babakotia'' is an extinct genus of medium-sized lemur, or strepsirrhine primate, from Madagascar that contains a single species, ''Babakotia radofilai''. Together with '' Palaeopropithecus'', '' Archaeoindris'', and '' Mesopropithecus'', it fo ...

'' EX ( PH) **** Genus: ''

Mesopropithecus ''Mesopropithecus'' is an extinct genus of small to medium-sized lemur, or strepsirrhine primate, from Madagascar that includes three species, ''M. dolichobrachion'', ''M. globiceps'', and ''M. pithecoides''. Together with '' Pal ...

'' ***** '' Mesopropithecus dolichobrachion'' EX ( PH) ***** '' Mesopropithecus globiceps'' EX (PH) ***** '' Mesopropithecus pithecoides'' EX (PH) **** Genus: ''

Palaeopropithecus ''Palaeopropithecus'' ("old sifaka" from Ancient Greek παλαιός (palaiós), “old” + Modern Latin propithecus, "sifaka") is a recently extinct genus of large sloth lemurs from Madagascar related to living lemur species found there toda ...

'' (large sloth lemurs) ***** ''

Palaeopropithecus ingens ''Palaeopropithecus'' ("old sifaka" from Ancient Greek παλαιός (palaiós), “old” + Modern Latin propithecus, "sifaka") is a recently extinct genus of large sloth lemurs from Madagascar related to living lemur species found there today ...

'' EX ( PH) ***** '' Palaeopropithecus maximus'' EX (PH) ***** '' Palaeopropithecus kelyus'' EX (PH)

Order:
Rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are na ...
ia (rodents)

----

Nesomys rufus - Red forest rat (15721901477)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two

incisor Incisors (from Latin ''incidere'', "to cut") are the front teeth present in most mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and on the mandible below. Humans have a total of eight (two on each side, top and bottom). Opossums have 18, whe ...

s in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the

capybara The capybaraAlso called capivara (in Brazil), capiguara (in Bolivia), chigüire, chigüiro, or fercho (in Colombia and Venezuela), carpincho (in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay) and ronsoco (in Peru). or greater capybara (''Hydrochoerus hydro ...

can weigh up to . All the native nesomyid rodents of Madagascar are believed to descend from a common ancestor that rafted over from Africa 20–24 million years ago. There are about 39 nesomyid species in five subfamilies in Africa, compared to 27 in one subfamily extant in Madagascar. While nesomyids make up all of the native rodent species of Madagascar, they constitute less than 10% of those of Africa. *Suborder:

Sciurognathi Sciurognathi is a suborder of rodents that includes squirrels, chipmunks, beavers, and many types of mice. The group is characterized by a specific shape to the lower jaw. In sciurognaths, the angular process of the jaw is in the same plane as ...

**Family:

Nesomyidae The Nesomyidae are a family of African rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes several subfamilies, all of which are native to either continental Africa or to Madagascar. Included in this family are Malagasy rodents, ...

***Subfamily:

Nesomyinae The Malagasy rodents are the sole members of the subfamily Nesomyinae. These animals are the only native rodents of Madagascar, come in many shapes and sizes, and occupy a wide variety of ecological niches. There are nesomyines that resemble ge ...

****Genus: ''

Brachytarsomys ''Brachytarsomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Nesomyidae. It contains the following species: * White-tailed antsangy (''Brachytarsomys albicauda'') * '' Brachytarsomys mahajambaensis'' (extinct) * Hairy-tailed antsangy The hairy-tai ...

'' ***** White-tailed antsangy, ''Brachytarsomys albicauda'' LC ***** '' Brachytarsomys mahajambaensis'' EX *****

Hairy-tailed antsangy The hairy-tailed antsangy (''Brachytarsomys villosa'') is a species of rodent in the family Nesomyidae. It is found only in Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasi ...

, ''Brachytarsomys villosa'' VU ****Genus: ''

Brachyuromys ''Brachyuromys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Nesomyidae. It contains the following species: * Betsileo short-tailed rat (''Brachyuromys betsileoensis'') * Gregarious short-tailed rat The gregarious short-tailed rat (''Brachyuromys ram ...

'' ***** Betsileo short-tailed rat, ''Brachyuromys betsileoensis'' LC *****

Gregarious short-tailed rat The gregarious short-tailed rat (''Brachyuromys ramirohitra'') is a species of rodent in the family Nesomyidae. It is found only in Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest A forest is an area of land domina ...

, ''Brachyuromys ramirohitra'' LC ****Genus: ''

Eliurus ''Eliurus'' is a genus of rodent in the family Nesomyidae. It contains the following species: * Tsingy tufted-tailed rat (''Eliurus antsingy'') * Ankarana Special Reserve tufted-tailed rat (''Eliurus carletoni'') * Ellerman's tufted-tailed rat ...

'' ***** Tsingy tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus antsingy'' DD ***** Ankarana Special Reserve tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus carletoni'' ***** Daniel's tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus danieli'' LC ***** Ellerman's tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus ellermani'' DD ***** Grandidier's tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus grandidieri'' LC ***** Major's tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus majori'' LC ***** Lesser tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus minor'' LC ***** Dormouse tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus myoxinus'' LC ***** White-tipped tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus penicillatus'' EN *****

Petter's tufted-tailed rat Petter's tufted-tailed rat (''Eliurus petteri'') is a rodent in the genus '' Eliurus'' found in lowland eastern Madagascar. First described in 1994, it is most closely related to the smaller '' Eliurus grandidieri''. Virtually nothing is known of ...

, ''Eliurus petteri'' EN ***** Tanala tufted-tailed rat, ''Eliurus tanala'' LC *****

Webb's tufted-tailed rat Webb's tufted-tailed rat (''Eliurus webbi'') is a species of rodent in the family Nesomyidae. It is found only in Madagascar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (a ...

, ''Eliurus webbi'' LC ****Genus: ''

Gymnuromys The voalavoanala (''Gymnuromys roberti'') is a species of rodent in the family Nesomyidae. It is the only species in the genus ''Gymnuromys''. It is found only in Madagascar. Its natural habitat is tropical dry forest The tropical and subtrop ...

'' ***** Voalavoanala, ''Gymnuromys roberti'' LC ****Genus: ''

Hypogeomys ''Hypogeomys'' is a genus of rodents in the family Nesomyidae, found in Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), ...

'' *****

Malagasy giant rat The Malagasy giant rat (''Hypogeomys antimena''), also known as the votsotsa or votsovotsa, is a nesomyid rodent found only in the Menabe region of Madagascar. It is an endangered species due to habitat loss, slow reproduction, and limited ra ...

, ''Hypogeomys antimena'' EN ***** ''

Hypogeomys australis ''Hypogeomys australis'' is an extinct rodent from central and southeastern Madagascar. First described in 1903, it is larger than its close relative, the living '' Hypogeomys antimena'', which occurs further west, but otherwise similar. Averag ...

'' EX ****Genus: '' Macrotarsomys'' *****

Bastard big-footed mouse The bastard big-footed mouse (''Macrotarsomys bastardi'') is a species of rodent in the family Nesomyidae. It is found only in Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagas ...

, ''Macrotarsomys bastardi'' LC *****

Greater big-footed mouse The greater big-footed mouse or long-tailed big-footed mouse (''Macrotarsomys ingens'') is a nocturnal rodent found only in north west Madagascar. It was first described by F. Petter in 1959. It is listed as an endangered species as a result of ...

, ''Macrotarsomys ingens'' EN ***** Petter's big-footed mouse, ''Macrotarsomys petteri'' DD ****Genus: '' Monticolomys'' *****

Malagasy mountain mouse The Malagasy mountain mouse or Koopman's montane voalavo (''Monticolomys koopmani'') is a rodent within the subfamily Nesomyinae of the family Nesomyidae. It is monotypic within the genus ''Monticolomys'', and is closely related to the big-foote ...

, ''Monticolomys koopmani'' LC ****Genus: ''

Nesomys ''Nesomys'', also called red forest rats, is a genus of rodent in the family Nesomyidae. It is found only on Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; ...

'' *****

White-bellied nesomys The white-bellied nesomys (''Nesomys audeberti''), also known as the lowland red forest rat, is a species of rat endemic to Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasika ...

, ''Nesomys audeberti'' LC *****

Western nesomys The western nesomys (''Nesomys lambertoni''), also known as the lowland red forest rat, is a species of rat endemic to Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, l ...

, ''Nesomys lambertoni'' EN ***** ''

Nesomys narindaensis ''Nesomys narindaensis'' is an extinct rodent that lived in northwestern Madagascar. It is known from subfossil skull bones and isolated molars found in several sites during field work that started in 2001. First described in 2010, it is placed i ...

'' EX *****

Island mouse The island mouse or eastern red forest rat (''Nesomys rufus'') is a species of rodent in the family Nesomyidae. It is endemic to Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Mada ...

, ''Nesomys rufus'' LC ****Genus: ''

Voalavo ''Voalavo'' is a genus of rodent in the subfamily Nesomyinae, found only in Madagascar. Two species are known, both of which occur in mountain forest above 1250 m (4100 ft) altitude; the northern voalavo lives in northern Madagascar an ...

'' *****

Eastern voalavo The eastern voalavo (''Voalavo antsahabensis'') is a rodent in the family Nesomyidae which occurs in the Anjozorobe forest of eastern Madagascar. Although surveys before 2002 failed to record the species, it is common in some places. However, it i ...

, ''Voalavo antsahabensis'' EN ***** Naked-tailed voalavo, ''Voalavo gymnocaudus'' LC

Order:
Eulipotyphla Eulipotyphla (, which means "truly fat and blind") is an order of mammals suggested by molecular methods of phylogenetic reconstruction, which includes the laurasiatherian members of the now-invalid polyphyletic order Lipotyphla, but not the afr ...
(shrews, hedgehogs, moles, and solenodons)

---- Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and

solenodon Solenodons (from el, τέλειος , 'channel' or 'pipe' and el, ὀδούς , 'tooth') are venomous, nocturnal, burrowing, insectivorous mammals belonging to the family Solenodontidae . The two living solenodon species are the Cuban solen ...

s closely resemble mice,

hedgehog A hedgehog is a spiny mammal of the subfamily Erinaceinae, in the eulipotyphlan family Erinaceidae. There are seventeen species of hedgehog in five genera found throughout parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in New Zealand by introducti ...

s carry spines, while

mole Mole (or Molé) may refer to: Animals * Mole (animal) or "true mole", mammals in the family Talpidae, found in Eurasia and North America * Golden moles, southern African mammals in the family Chrysochloridae, similar to but unrelated to Talpida ...

s are stout-bodied burrowers. There is one species of shrew on Madagascar, which is often considered to be conspecific with the widely distributed

Etruscan shrew The Etruscan shrew (''Suncus etruscus''), also known as the Etruscan pygmy shrew or the white-toothed pygmy shrew, is the smallest known extant mammal by mass, weighing only about on average. (The bumblebee bat is regarded as the smallest mammal ...

, ''Suncus etruscus'', and likely to have been introduced to Madagascar from South or Southeast Asia by humans.Omar, H.; Adamson, E.A.S.; Bhauur, S.; Goodman, S.M.; Soarimalala, V.; Hashim, R.; Ruedi, M. (2011)
Phylogenetic relationships of Malayan and Malagasy pygmy shrews of the genus ''Suncus'' (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences
''The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology'' 59(2): 237-243. *Family: Soricidae (shrews) **Subfamily:

Crocidurinae The white-toothed shrews or Crocidurinae are one of three subfamilies of the shrew family Soricidae. The outer layer of these shrews' teeth is white, unlike that of the red-toothed shrews. These species are typically found in Africa and souther ...

***Genus: ''

Suncus ''Suncus'' is a genus of shrews in the family Soricidae. Classification *Genus ''Suncus'' ** Taita shrew, ''Suncus aequatorius'' ** Black shrew, ''Suncus ater'' ** Day's shrew, ''Suncus dayi'' ** Etruscan shrew, ''Suncus etruscus'' ** Sri Lan ...

'' ****

Madagascan pygmy shrew The Madagascan pygmy shrew (''Suncus madagascariensis'') is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is the only known Malagasy shrew. Taxonomy Some taxonomists regard it as conspecific with the widely distributed Etruscan shrew, the sm ...

, ''S. madagascariensis''

Order:
Chiroptera Bats are mammals of the Order (biology), order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in fli ...
(bats)

----

Commerson's leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros commersoni)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals. Of the 46 species, 22 genera and 8 families of bats present on Madagascar, 36 species but only ''

Myzopoda ''Myzopoda'', which has two described species, is the only genus in the bat family Myzopodidae. Myzopodidae is unique as the only family of bats presently endemic to Madagascar. However, fossil discoveries indicate that the family has an ancien ...

'' and

Myzopodidae ''Myzopoda'', which has two described species, is the only genus in the bat family Myzopodidae. Myzopodidae is unique as the only family of bats presently endemic to Madagascar. However, fossil discoveries indicate that the family has an ancien ...

are endemic (the family was formerly present, however, on the African mainland). ''

Paratriaenops ''Paratriaenops'' is a genus in the bat family Hipposideridae. It is classified in the tribe Triaenopini, along with the closely related genus ''Triaenops'' and perhaps the poorly known '' Cloeotis''. The species of ''Paratriaenops'' were placed ...

'' is endemic to Madagascar plus the

Seychelles Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (french: link=no, République des Seychelles; Creole: ''La Repiblik Sesel''), is an archipelagic state consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, V ...

. *Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats) **Subfamily:

Pteropodinae The Pteropodinae are a subfamily of megabats. Taxa within this subfamily are: * Genus ''Acerodon'' **Sulawesi flying fox, ''A. celebensis'' **Talaud flying fox, ''A. humilis'' **Giant golden-crowned flying fox, ''A. jubatus'' **Palawan fruit bat ...

***Genus: ''

Eidolon In ancient Greek literature, an eidolon (; grc, εἴδωλον 'image, idol, double, apparition, phantom, ghost'; plural: eidola or eidolons) is a spirit-image of a living or dead person; a shade or phantom look-alike of the human form. Liter ...

'' ****

Madagascan fruit bat The Madagascan fruit bat (''Eidolon dupreanum'') is a species of bat in the family Pteropodidae. It is endemic to Madagascar and is listed as "Vulnerable" by the IUCN because it is hunted as bushmeat. Distribution and habitat ''Eidolon dupreanu ...

, ''Eidolon dupreanum'' VU ***Genus: ''

Pteropus ''Pteropus'' (suborder Yinpterochiroptera) is a genus of megabats which are among the largest bats in the world. They are commonly known as fruit bats or flying foxes, among other colloquial names. They live in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Austra ...

'' ****

Madagascan flying fox The Madagascan flying fox, Madagascar flying-fox, or Madagascar fruit bat (''Pteropus rufus'') is a species of megabat in the genus ''Pteropus''. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are diverse, and include moist lowland forests, d ...

, ''Pteropus rufus'' VU ***Genus: ''

Rousettus ''Rousettus'' is a genus of Old World fruit bats or megabats, referred to as rousette bats. The genus is a member of the family Pteropodidae. The genus consists of seven species that range over most of Africa to southeast Asia, and the islands o ...

'' ****

Madagascan rousette The Madagascan rousette (''Rousettus madagascariensis'') or Madagascar rousette, is a species of megabat in the family Pteropodidae endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. Description The Madagascan ...

, ''Rousettus madagascariensis'' VU *Family:

Vespertilionidae Vespertilionidae is a family of microbats, of the order Chiroptera, flying, insect-eating mammals variously described as the common, vesper, or simple nosed bats. The vespertilionid family is the most diverse and widely distributed of bat familie ...

**Subfamily:

Myotinae Myotinae is a subfamily of vesper bats. It contains three genera: ''Eudiscopus'', '' Myotis'', and ''Submyotodon''. Before the description of ''Submyotodon'' and analysis of its phylogenetics, as well as a phylogenetic analysis of ''Eudiscopus'', ...

***Genus: ''

Myotis The mouse-eared bats or myotises are a diverse and widespread genus (''Myotis'') of bats within the family Vespertilionidae. The noun "''myotis''" itself is a New Latin construction, from the Greek "''muós'' (meaning "mouse") and "''oûs''" (mea ...

'' ****

Malagasy mouse-eared bat The Malagasy mouse-eared bat (''Myotis goudotii'') is a species of bat in the family Vespertilionidae that is endemic to Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, ...

, ''Myotis goudoti'' LC **Subfamily:

Vespertilioninae The Vespertilioninae are a subfamily of vesper bats from the family Vespertilionidae. Classification Subfamily Vespertilioninae *Tribe Antrozoini **Genus '' Antrozous'' *** Pallid bat, ''Antrozous pallidus'' **Genus '' Bauerus'' *** Van Geld ...

***Genus: ''

Hypsugo The genus ''Hypsugo'' contains many bats referred to as pipistrelles or pipistrelle bats (not to be confused with the genus ''Pipistrellus''). They belong to the family Vespertilionidae or vesper bats. They are primarily found throughout Asia, th ...

'' ****

Anchieta's pipistrelle Anchieta's serotine (''Neoromicia anchieta''), formerly known as Anchieta's pipistrelle, is a species of vesper bat. It is found in Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Madagascar. The species inhabits sava ...

, ''Hypsugo anchietae'' LC ***Genus: ''

Neoromicia ''Neoromicia'' is a genus of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It contains the following species: * Anchieta's serotine (''Neoromicia anchietae'') * Kirindy serotine (''Neoromicia bemainty'') * Yellow serotine (''Neoromicia flavescens ...

'' ****

Isalo serotine The Isalo serotine (''Laephotis malagasyensis'') is a vesper bat of Madagascar in the genus ''Laephotis''. It is known only from the vicinity of the Isalo National Park in the southwestern part of the island, where it has been caught in riverine ...

, ''Neoromicia malagasyensis'' VU ****

Malagasy serotine The Malagasy serotine (''Laephotis matroka''), is a species of vesper bat. It is found only in Madagascar. It was formerly classified in ''Neoromicia'' before phylogenetic analysis found it to belong to ''Laephotis ''Laephotis'' (known as the ...

, ''Neoromicia matroka'' LC **** ''

Neoromicia robertsi ''Neoromicia robtertsi'' is a species of vesper bat found in Madagascar. It is a recently described species, as it was first described in 2012. Taxonomy and etymology It was described as a new species in 2012. The holotype had been collected in ...

'' DD ***Genus: ''

Pipistrellus ''Pipistrellus'' is a genus of bats in the family Vespertilionidae and subfamily Vespertilioninae. The name of the genus is derived from the Italian language, Italian word , meaning "bat" (from Latin "bird of evening, bat"). The size of the ge ...

'' **** Dusky pipistrelle, ''Pipistrellus hesperidus'' LC **** Racey's pipistrelle, ''Pipistrellus raceyi'' DD ***Genus: ''

Scotophilus ''Scotophilus'' is a genus of vespertilionid bats commonly called yellow bats. They are found in southern Asia and Africa. They are the only members of the tribe Scotophilini. Species * East African yellow bat, ''Scotophilus altilis'' * And ...

'' **** Lesser yellow bat, ''Scotophilus borbonicus'' DD **** Marovaza house bat, ''Scotophilus marovaza'' LC ****

Robust yellow bat The robust yellow bat (''Scotophilus robustus'') is a species of vesper bat. It is found only in Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: Ré ...

, ''Scotophilus robustus'' LC ****

Western yellow bat The western yellow bat (''Dasypterus xanthinus'') is a species of vesper bat found in Mexico and the southwestern United States. This species roosts in trees such as ''Populus fremontii'', ''Platanus wrightii'', and ''Quercus arizonica''. If ...

, ''Scotophilus tandrefana'' DD *Family:

Miniopteridae ''Miniopterus'', known as the bent-winged or long winged bats, is the sole genus of the family Miniopteridae. They are small flying insectivorous mammals, micro-bats of the order Chiroptera, with wings over twice the length of the body. The genus ...

**Genus: ''

Miniopterus ''Miniopterus'', known as the bent-winged or long winged bats, is the sole genus of the family Miniopteridae. They are small flying insectivorous mammals, micro-bats of the order Chiroptera, with wings over twice the length of the body. The genus ...

'' *** ''

Miniopterus aelleni ''Miniopterus aelleni'' is a bat in the genus ''Miniopterus'' that occurs on Anjouan in the Comoros and in northern and western Madagascar. It is a small brown bat; its forearm length is . The long tragus (a projection in the outer ear) has a ...

'' LC *** '' Miniopterus brachytragos'' LC ***

Eger's long-fingered bat Eger's long-fingered bat (''Miniopterus egeri'') is a species of long-fingered bat found in Madagascar. Taxonomy Eger's long-fingered bat was described as a new species in 2011 by Goodman et al. The eponym for the species name "''egeri''" is Ju ...

, ''Miniopterus egeri'' LC *** Glen's long-fingered bat, ''Miniopterus gleni'' LC ***

Griffith's long-fingered bat Griffith's long-fingered bat (''Miniopterus griffithsi'') is a bat in the genus '' Miniopterus'' which occurs in southern Madagascar.

, ''Miniopterus griffithsi'' DD *** '' Miniopterus griveaudi'' DD *** '' Miniopterus mahafaliensis'' LC *** Major's long-fingered bat, ''Miniopterus majori'' LC *** Manavi long-fingered bat, ''Miniopterus manavi'' LC *** Peterson's long-fingered bat, ''Miniopterus petersoni'' DD ***

Sororcula long-fingered bat ''Miniopterus sororculus'' is a species of bat endemic to the highland forests of Madagascar. Taxonomy The description of ''Miniopterus sororculus'' was published in 2007, in a revision of the specific status of specimens previously identified a ...

, ''Miniopterus sororculus'' LC *Family: Molossidae **Genus: ''

Chaerephon Chaerephon (; grc-gre, Χαιρεφῶν, ''Chairephōn''; c. 470/460 – 403/399 BCE), of the Athenian deme Sphettus, was an ancient Greek best remembered as a loyal friend and follower of Socrates. He is known only through brief descriptions b ...

'' *** '' Chaerephon atsinanana'' LC ***

Black and red free-tailed bat ''Mops jobimena'', commonly known as the black and red free-tailed bat, is a species of bat in the family Molossidae. It is endemic to western Madagascar. With a forearm length of 45 to 48 mm (1.8 to 1.9 in), Habitat The known habitats of ...

, ''Chaerephon jobimena'' LC *** Grandidier's free-tailed bat, ''Chaerephon leucogaster'' LC **Genus: ''

Mops MOPS (3-(''N''-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid) is a buffer introduced in the 1960s, one of the twenty Good's buffers. It is a structural analog to MES, and like MES, its structure contains a morpholine ring. HEPES is a similar pH buffering co ...

'' *** Malagasy white-bellied free-tailed bat, ''Mops leucostigma'' LC *** Midas free-tailed bat, ''Mops midas'' LC **Genus: ''

Mormopterus ''Mormopterus'' is a genus of molossid microchiropterans, small flying mammals referred to as free-tailed bats. The genus has been the subject of several revisions, and the diversity of taxa centred on Australia were separated to a new genus ''O ...

'' *** Peter's wrinkle-lipped bat, ''Mormopterus jugularis'' LC **Genus: ''

Otomops ''Otomops'' is a genus of bat Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats a ...

'' ***

Madagascar free-tailed bat The Madagascar free-tailed bat or Malagasy giant mastiff bat (''Otomops madagascariensis'') is a species of free-tailed bat formerly included as a subspecies of the large-eared free-tailed bat, but that was later considered to be a distinct, Mal ...

, ''Otomops madagascariensis'' LC **Genus: ''

Tadarida The genus ''Tadarida'' has 9 or more species of free-tailed bats divided into two subgenera, with the first of these containing seven species spread across the Old World (including southern Europe and North Africa, large parts of southern Asia, ...

'' *** Madagascan large free-tailed bat, ''Tadarida fulminans'' LC *Family:

Emballonuridae Emballonuridae is a family of microbats, many of which are referred to as sac-winged or sheath-tailed bats. They are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The earliest fossil records are from the Eocene. Descr ...

**Genus: '' Coleura'' ***

African sheath-tailed bat The African sheath-tailed bat (''Coleura afra'') is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae. Appearance and behavior The African sheath-tailed bat weighs , with females slightly larger than males. Forearm lengths range from . T ...

, ''Coleura afra'' LC **Genus: ''

Emballonura ''Emballonura'' (meaning: Erect tail) is a genus of sac-winged bats in the family Emballonuridae. It contains these species: * Small Asian sheath-tailed bat (''E. alecto'') * Beccari's sheath-tailed bat (''E. beccarii'') * Large-eared sheath-t ...

'' ***

Peters's sheath-tailed bat Peters's sheath-tailed bat (''Paremballonura atrata'') is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae. It is found only in Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan ...

, ''Emballonura atrata'' LC **Genus: ''

Paremballonura ''Paremballonura'' (false sheath-tailed bat) is a genus of bats belonging to the family Emballonuridae. The species of this genus are found in Madagascar. Species Species: *'' Paremballonura atrata'' *''Paremballonura tiavato The western sh ...

'' *** Western sheath-tailed bat, ''Paremballonura tiavato'' LC **Genus: ''

Taphozous ''Taphozous'' is a genus of the family Emballonuridae. The wide distribution of the genus includes several regions of Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Africa. ''Taphozous'' comes from the Greek τάφος, meaning "a tomb". The common n ...

'' ***

Mauritian tomb bat The Mauritian tomb bat (''Taphozous mauritianus'') is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae that is found in central and southern Africa and Madagascar. It was discovered in 1818 by Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, and is chara ...

, ''Taphozous mauritianus'' LC *Family: Nycteridae **Genus: ''

Nycteris ''Nycteris'' comprises a genus of bats commonly called slit-faced or hollow-faced bats. They are grouped in the family Nycteridae. The bats are found in East Malaysia, Indonesia, and many parts of Africa. Description They are small bats, from i ...

'' *** Malagasy slit-faced bat, ''Nycteris madagascariensis'' DD *Family:

Hipposideridae The Hipposideridae are a family of bats commonly known as the Old World leaf-nosed bats. While it has often been seen as a subfamily, Hipposiderinae, of the family Rhinolophidae, it is now more generally classified as its own family.Simmons, 20 ...

**Genus: ''

Hipposideros ''Hipposideros'' is one of the most diverse genera of bats, with more than 70 species. They are collectively called roundleaf bats after the shape of their nasal ornament. It is the type genus of the family Hipposideridae. It is divided into spe ...

'' *** ''

Hipposideros besaoka ''Hipposideros besaoka'' is an extinct bat from Madagascar in the genus ''Hipposideros''. It is known from numerous jaws and teeth, which were collected in a cave at Anjohibe in 1996 and described as a new species in 2007. The site where ''H.&nbs ...

'' EX **Genus: ''

Macronycteris ''Macronycteris'' is a genus of bats belonging to the family Hipposideridae The Hipposideridae are a family of bats commonly known as the Old World leaf-nosed bats. While it has often been seen as a subfamily, Hipposiderinae, of the family Rh ...

'' *** Commerson's roundleaf bat, ''Macronycteris commersoni'' NT *** '' Macronycteris cryptovalorona'' DD **Genus: ''

'' *** Grandidier's trident bat, ''Paratriaenops auritus'' VU *** Trouessart's trident bat, ''Paratriaenops furculus'' LC **Genus: ''

Triaenops ''Triaenops'' is a genus of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is classified in the tribe Triaenopini, along with the closely related genus '' Paratriaenops'' and perhaps the poorly known '' Cloeotis''. The species of ''Paratriaenops'', which ...

'' *** ''

Triaenops goodmani ''Triaenops goodmani'' is an extinct bat from Madagascar in the genus ''Triaenops''. It is known from three lower jaws collected in a cave at Anjohibe in 1996, and described as a new species in 2007. The material is at most 10,000 years old. A ba ...

'' EX *** ''

Triaenops menamena ''Triaenops menamena'' is a bat in the genus ''Triaenops'' found on Madagascar, mainly in the drier regions. It was known as ''Triaenops rufus'' until 2009, when it was discovered that that name had been incorrectly applied to the species. ''Triae ...

'' LC *Family:

**Genus: ''

'' ***

Madagascar sucker-footed bat The Madagascar sucker-footed bat, Old World sucker-footed bat, or simply sucker-footed bat (''Myzopoda aurita'') is a species of bat in the family Myzopodidae Endemism, endemic to Madagascar, especially in the eastern part of the forests. The gen ...

, ''Myzopoda aurita'' LC ***

Western sucker-footed bat The western sucker-footed bat (''Myzopoda schliemanni'') is a bat endemic to Madagascar. Little is known about its habits, but they are assumed to be similar to those of the Madagascar sucker-footed bat.Garbutt, Nick; ''Mammals of Madagascar''; Y ...

, ''Myzopoda schliemanni'' LC

Order:
Carnivora Carnivora is a Clade, monophyletic order of Placentalia, placental mammals consisting of the most recent common ancestor of all felidae, cat-like and canidae, dog-like animals, and all descendants of that ancestor. Members of this group are f ...
(carnivorans)

----

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. The native terrestrial carnivorans of Madagascar are all euplerids, which are believed to descend from a common ancestor that rafted over from Africa 19–26 million years ago. Their closest relatives are the

herpestid A mongoose is a small terrestrial carnivorous mammal belonging to the family Herpestidae. This family is currently split into two subfamilies, the Herpestinae and the Mungotinae. The Herpestinae comprises 23 living species that are native to so ...

s, the African and Eurasian mongooses. Malagasy mongooses are not "true" mongooses but rather are thought to represent an example of convergent or

parallel evolution Parallel evolution is the similar development of a trait in distinct species that are not closely related, but share a similar original trait in response to similar evolutionary pressure.Zhang, J. and Kumar, S. 1997Detection of convergent and paral ...

. About 30% of African terrestrial carnivoran species are herpestids. *Suborder:

Feliformia Feliformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora consisting of "cat-like" carnivorans, including cats (large and small), hyenas, mongooses, viverrids, and related taxa. Feliformia stands in contrast to the other suborder of Carnivora, Caniform ...

**Family:

Eupleridae Eupleridae is a family of carnivorans endemic to Madagascar and comprising 10 known living species in seven genera, commonly known as euplerids, Malagasy mongooses or Malagasy carnivorans. The best known species is the fossa (''Cryptoprocta ...

***Subfamily:

Euplerinae Euplerinae, more commonly known as malagasy civets, is a subfamily of carnivorans that includes four species restricted to Madagascar. Together with the subfamily Galidiinae, which also only occurs on Madagascar, it forms the family Eupleridae. M ...

****Genus: ''

Cryptoprocta ''Cryptoprocta'' is a genus of carnivoran endemic to Madagascar. It contains the living fossa and its larger, recently extinct relative, the giant fossa ''Cryptoprocta spelea'', also known as the giant fossa, is an extinct species of carnivore ...

'' ***** Fossa, ''Cryptoprocta ferox'' VU *****

Giant fossa ''Cryptoprocta spelea'', also known as the giant fossa, is an extinct species of carnivore from Madagascar in the family Eupleridae which is most closely related to the mongooses and includes all Malagasy carnivorans. It was first described in 19 ...

, ''Cryptoprocta spelea'' EX ( PH) ****Genus: ''

Eupleres ''Eupleres'' is a genus of two species of mongoose-like euplerid mammal native to Madagascar that are known as falanoucs. They are primarily terrestrial and consume mainly invertebrates. Species *Eastern falanouc, ''Eupleres goudotii'' - mes ...

'' *****

Eastern falanouc The Eastern falanouc (''Eupleres goudotii'') is a rare mongoose-like mammal in the carnivoran family Eupleridae endemic to Madagascar . It is classified alongside the Western falanouc (''Eupleres major''), recognized only in 2010, in the genus ' ...

, ''Eupleres goudotii'' VU *****

Western falanouc The western falanouc (''Eupleres major'') is a rare mongoose-like mammal endemic to Madagascar. Until recently, the eastern falanouc (''Eupleres goudotii'') was the only recognized species in the genus ''Eupleres''. In 2010, Goodman and Helgen pr ...

, ''Eupleres major'' EN ****Genus: '' Fossa'' *****

Malagasy civet The Malagasy or striped civet (''Fossa fossana''), also known as the fanaloka (Malagasy, ) or jabady, is an euplerid endemic to Madagascar. It is the only species in genus ''Fossa''. The Malagasy civet is a small mammal, about long excluding ...

, ''Fossa fossana'' VU ***Subfamily:

Galidiinae Galidiinae is a subfamily of carnivorans that is restricted to Madagascar and includes six species classified into four genera. Together with the three other species of indigenous Malagasy carnivorans, including the fossa, they are currently cla ...

****Genus: ''

Galidia The ring-tailed vontsira, locally still known as the ring-tailed mongoose (''Galidia elegans'') is a euplerid in the subfamily Galidiinae, a carnivoran native to Madagascar. It is the only species in genus ''Galidia''. Classification and et ...

'' *****

Ring-tailed vontsira The ring-tailed vontsira, locally still known as the ring-tailed mongoose (''Galidia elegans'') is a euplerid in the subfamily Galidiinae, a carnivoran native to Madagascar. It is the only species in genus ''Galidia''. Classification and ety ...

, ''Galidia elegans'' LC ****Genus: ''

Galidictis ''Galidictis'' is a genus in the subfamily Galidiinae of the family Eupleridae: a group of carnivorans that are endemic to Madagascar. The name is from two ancient Greek words that both approximately mean ‘weasel’: ''galid-'' (see ''Galidia ...

'' *****

Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose The broad-striped Malagasy mongoose or broad-striped vontsira (''Galidictis fasciata'') is a species of Galidiinae, a subfamily of mongoose-like euplerids native to Madagascar. The species contains two known subspecies: ''Galidictis fasciata fas ...

, ''Galidictis fasciata'' VU ***** Grandidier's vontsira, ''Galidictis grandidieri'' EN ****Genus: ''

Mungotictis The narrow-striped mongoose or narrow-striped vontsira (''Mungotictis decemlineata'') is a member of the family Eupleridae endemic to Madagascar. It inhabits the western Madagascar succulent woodlands and northern Madagascar spiny thickets in wes ...

'' *****

Narrow-striped mongoose The narrow-striped mongoose or narrow-striped vontsira (''Mungotictis decemlineata'') is a member of the family Eupleridae endemic to Madagascar. It inhabits the western Madagascar succulent woodlands and northern Madagascar spiny thickets in wes ...

, ''Mungotictis decemlineata'' EN ****Genus: ''

Salanoia ''Salanoia'' is a genus of euplerid carnivoran with two currently described species found in Madagascar. They are mongoose-like, which is reflected in the older versions of their English names, for example brown-tailed mongoose which is now call ...

'' *****

Brown-tailed mongoose The brown-tailed mongoose, brown-tailed vontsira, Malagasy brown-tailed mongoose, or salano (''Salanoia concolor'') is a species of mammal in the family Eupleridae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitat is moist lowland tropical fore ...

, ''Salanoia concolor'' VU *****

Durrell's vontsira Durrell's vontsira (''Salanoia durrelli'') is a small, reddish-brown, fox-like mammal native to the island of Madagascar. Discovered in 2004, it lives only in the biodiverse wetlands of Lake Alaotra. Durrell's vontsira belongs to the family Eupl ...

, ''Salanoia durrelli'' NE *Suborder:

Caniformia Caniformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora consisting of "dog-like" carnivorans. They include dogs (wolves, foxes, etc.), bears, raccoons, and mustelids. The Pinnipedia (seals, walruses and sea lions) are also assigned to this group. ...

**Clade

Pinnipedia Pinnipeds (pronounced ), commonly known as seals, are a widely distributed and diverse clade of carnivorous, fin-footed, semiaquatic, mostly marine mammals. They comprise the extant families Odobenidae (whose only living member is the wal ...

(seals, sea lions and walruses) ***Family: Otariidae (eared seals, sealions) ****Genus: '' Arctophoca'' *****

Subantarctic fur seal The subantarctic fur seal (''Arctocephalus tropicalis'') is found in the southern parts of the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans. It was first described by Gray in 1872 from a specimen recovered in northern Australia—hence the inappropri ...

, ''Arctophoca tropicalis'' LC

Order:
Artiodactyla The even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla , ) are ungulates—hoofed animals—which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes: the third and fourth. The other three toes are either present, absent, vestigial, or pointing poster ...
(even-toed ungulates and cetaceans)

----

The even-toed ungulates are

ungulate Ungulates ( ) are members of the diverse clade Ungulata which primarily consists of large mammals with hooves. These include odd-toed ungulates such as horses, rhinoceroses, and tapirs; and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, cam ...

s whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in

perissodactyls Odd-toed ungulates, mammals which constitute the taxonomic order Perissodactyla (, ), are animals—ungulates—who have reduced the weight-bearing toes to three (rhinoceroses and tapirs, with tapirs still using four toes on the front legs) o ...

. There are about 220 noncetacean artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans. Madagascar's only native artiodactyls are the extinct Malagasy

hippo The hippopotamus ( ; : hippopotamuses or hippopotami; ''Hippopotamus amphibius''), also called the hippo, common hippopotamus, or river hippopotamus, is a large semiaquatic mammal native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is one of only two extant ...

s, which are believed to have descended from ancestors that managed to cross the

from Africa in the late

Quaternary The Quaternary ( ) is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). It follows the Neogene Period and spans from 2.58 million years ...

, perhaps by swimming. Two or three hippo colonization events may have occurred. ''H. lemerlei'' is thought to be a dwarfed form of Africa's '' H. amphibius'', while ''H. laloumena'' was larger. ''H. madagascariensis'' may be more closely related to the African

pygmy hippopotamus The pygmy hippopotamus or pygmy hippo (''Choeropsis liberiensis'') is a small hippopotamid which is native to the forests and swamps of West Africa, primarily in Liberia, with small populations in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Ivory Coast. It has bee ...

, ''C. liberiensis'' (the generic assignment of both pygmy forms has been in flux). Skeletal features indicate that Malagasy hippos were better adapted for

running Running is a method of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot. Running is a type of gait characterized by an aerial phase in which all feet are above the ground (though there are exceptions). This is ...

than African hippos. ''H. lemerlei'' remains have been found in the rivers and lakes of western Madagascar, suggesting a semiaquatic lifestyle similar to that of ''H. amphibius'', while many ''H. madagascariensis'' remains have found in Madagascar's forested highlands, indicating a more terrestrial lifestyle. *Family:

Hippopotamidae Hippopotamidae is a family of stout, naked-skinned, and semiaquatic artiodactyl mammals, possessing three-chambered stomachs and walking on four toes on each foot. While they resemble pigs physiologically, their closest living relatives are t ...

(hippopotamuses) **Genus: ''

Hippopotamus The hippopotamus ( ; : hippopotamuses or hippopotami; ''Hippopotamus amphibius''), also called the hippo, common hippopotamus, or river hippopotamus, is a large semiaquatic mammal native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is one of only two extan ...

'' *** Lesser Malagasy hippopotamus, ''H. laloumena'' EX *** Malagasy dwarf hippopotamus, ''H. lemerlei'' *** Malagasy pygmy hippopotamus, ''H. madagascariensis''

Order:
Cetacea Cetacea (; , ) is an infraorder of aquatic mammals that includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Key characteristics are their fully aquatic lifestyle, streamlined body shape, often large size and exclusively carnivorous diet. They propel them ...
(whales, dolphins and porpoises)

----

Balaenoptera omurai, Madagascar - Royal Society Open Science 1

humpback whale Sainte Marie Madagascar July 2013

Humpback Whale, Île Sainte-Marie (3954152044)

The infraorder Cetacea includes

whale Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals. As an informal and colloquial grouping, they correspond to large members of the infraorder Cetacea, i.e. all cetaceans apart from dolphins and ...

dolphin A dolphin is an aquatic mammal within the infraorder Cetacea. Dolphin species belong to the families Delphinidae (the oceanic dolphins), Platanistidae (the Indian river dolphins), Iniidae (the New World river dolphins), Pontoporiidae (the ...

s and

porpoise Porpoises are a group of fully aquatic marine mammals, all of which are classified under the family Phocoenidae, parvorder Odontoceti (toothed whales). Although similar in appearance to dolphins, they are more closely related to narwhals an ...

s. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. Their closest extant relatives are the

hippos A hippo or hippopotamus is either of two species of large African mammal which live mainly in and near water: * Hippopotamus * Pygmy hippopotamus Hippo or Hippos may also refer to: Toponymy * The ancient city of Hippo Regius (modern Annaba, Al ...

, which are artiodactyls, from which cetaceans descended; cetaceans are thus also artiodactyls. *Parvorder:

Mysticeti Baleen whales (systematic name Mysticeti), also known as whalebone whales, are a parvorder of carnivorous marine mammals of the infraorder Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises) which use keratinaceous baleen plates (or "whalebone") in their ...

**Family:

Balaenopteridae Rorquals () are the largest group of baleen whales, which comprise the family Balaenopteridae, containing ten extant species in three genera. They include the largest animal that has ever lived, the blue whale, which can reach , and the fin wha ...

***Subfamily:

Balaenopterinae Rorquals () are the largest clade, group of baleen whales, which comprise the family (biology), family Balaenopteridae, containing ten extant taxon, extant species in three genus, genera. They include the largest animal that has ever lived, the b ...

****Genus: ''

Balaenoptera ''Balaenoptera'' () is a genus of rorquals containing eight extant species. ''Balaenoptera'' comprises all but two of the extant species in its family (the humpback whale and gray whale); the genus is currently polyphyletic, with the two aforem ...

'' *****

Common minke whale The common minke whale or northern minke whale (''Balaenoptera acutorostrata'') is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales. It is the smallest species of the rorquals and the second smallest species of baleen whale. Alth ...

, ''Balaenoptera acutorostrata'' LC *****

Antarctic minke whale The Antarctic minke whale or southern minke whale (''Balaenoptera bonaerensis'') is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales. It is the second smallest rorqual after the common minke whale and the third smallest baleen whal ...

, ''Balaenoptera bonaerensis'' DD ***** Southern

sei whale The sei whale ( , ; ''Balaenoptera borealis'') is a baleen whale, the third-largest rorqual after the blue whale and the fin whale. It inhabits most oceans and adjoining seas, and prefers deep offshore waters. It avoids polar and tropical ...

, ''Balaenoptera borealis schlegelii'' EN for ''B. borealis'' *****

Bryde's whale Bryde's whale ( Brooder's), or the Bryde's whale complex, putatively comprises three species of rorqual and maybe four. The "complex" means the number and classification remains unclear because of a lack of definitive information and research ...

, ''Balaenoptera edeni'' DD *****

Pygmy blue whale The pygmy blue whale (''Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda'') is a subspecies of the blue whale (''Balaenoptera musculus'') found in the Indian Ocean and the southern Pacific Ocean. Reaching lengths of up to 24 metres (79 ft) it is small ...

, ''Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda'' DD ***** Southern

blue whale The blue whale (''Balaenoptera musculus'') is a marine mammal and a baleen whale. Reaching a maximum confirmed length of and weighing up to , it is the largest animal known to have ever existed. The blue whale's long and slender body can ...

, ''Balaenoptera musculus intermedia'' EN for ''B. musculus'' *****

Omura's whale Omura's whale or the dwarf fin whale (''Balaenoptera omurai'') is a species of rorqual about which very little is known. Before its formal description, it was referred to as a small, dwarf or pygmy form of Bryde's whale by various sources. The c ...

, ''Balaenoptera omurai'' DD (among the most common rorquals of north-western Madagascar) *****

Southern fin whale The southern fin whale (''Balaenoptera physalus quoyi'') is a subspecies of fin whale that lives in the Southern Ocean. At least one other subspecies of fin whale, the northern fin whale (''B. p. physalus''), exists in the northern hemisphere. ...

, ''Balaenoptera physalus quoyi'' EN for ''B. physalus'' ***Subfamily: Megapterinae ****Genus: ''

Megaptera The humpback whale (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') is a species of baleen whale. It is a rorqual (a member of the family Balaenopteridae) and is the only species in the genus ''Megaptera''. Adults range in length from and weigh up to . The hu ...

'' *****

Humpback whale The humpback whale (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') is a species of baleen whale. It is a rorqual (a member of the family Balaenopteridae) and is the only species in the genus ''Megaptera''. Adults range in length from and weigh up to . The hump ...

, ''Megaptera novaeangliae'' LC **Family:

Cetotheriidae Cetotheriidae is a family of baleen whales (parvorder Mysticeti). The family is known to have existed from the Late Oligocene to the Early Pleistocene before going extinct. Although some phylogenetic studies conducted by recovered the living py ...

***Subfamily: Neobalaeninae ****Genus: '' Caperea'' *****

Pygmy right whale The pygmy right whale (''Caperea marginata'') is a species of baleen whale. It may be a member of the cetotheres, a family of baleen whales which until 2012 were thought to be extinct; ''C. marginata'' has otherwise been considered the monotyp ...

, ''Caperea marginata'' LCSea Alarm Foundation. 201
Madagascar - Country Wildlife Response Profiles - A Summary of oiled wildlife response arrangements and resources worldwide
Retrieved on 13 June 2014 **Family:

Balaenidae Balaenidae () is a family of whales of the parvorder Mysticeti that contains two living genera: the right whales (genus ''Eubalaena''), and in a separate genus, the closely related bowhead whale (genus ''Balaena''). Evolutionary history Bale ...

***Genus: ''

Eubalaena Right whales are three species of large baleen whales of the genus ''Eubalaena'': the North Atlantic right whale (''E. glacialis''), the North Pacific right whale (''E. japonica'') and the Southern right whale (''E. australis''). They are clas ...

'' ****

Southern right whale The southern right whale (''Eubalaena australis'') is a baleen whale, one of three species classified as right whales belonging to the genus ''Eubalaena''. Southern right whales inhabit oceans south of the Equator, between the latitudes of 20 ...

, ''Eubalaena australis '' LC (still rare in Madagascar) *Parvorder:

Odontoceti The toothed whales (also called odontocetes, systematic name Odontoceti) are a parvorder of cetaceans that includes dolphins, porpoises, and all other whales possessing teeth, such as the beaked whales and sperm whales. Seventy-three species of ...

**Family: Physeteridae ***Genus: ''

Physeter ''Physeter'' is a genus of toothed whales. There is only one living species in this genus: the sperm whale (''Physeter macrocephalus''). Some extremely poorly known fossil species have also been assigned to the same genus including ''Physeter an ...

'' ****

Sperm whale The sperm whale or cachalot (''Physeter macrocephalus'') is the largest of the toothed whales and the largest toothed predator. It is the only living member of the genus ''Physeter'' and one of three extant species in the sperm whale famil ...

, ''Physeter macrocephalus'' VU **Family:

Kogiidae Kogiidae is a family comprising at least two extant species of Cetacea, the Pygmy sperm whale, pygmy (''Kogia breviceps)'' and dwarf sperm whale, dwarf (''K. sima)'' sperm whales. As their common names suggest, they somewhat resemble sperm whales ...

***Genus: ''

Kogia ''Kogia'' is a genus of toothed whales within the superfamily Physeteroidea comprising two extant and two extinct species from the Neogene *Pygmy sperm whale, ''Kogia breviceps'' *Dwarf sperm whale, ''Kogia sima'' *†'' Kogia pusilla'', Italy, ...

'' ****

Pygmy sperm whale The pygmy sperm whale (''Kogia breviceps'') is one of two extant species in the family Kogiidae in the sperm whale superfamily. They are not often sighted at sea, and most of what is known about them comes from the examination of stranded spec ...

, ''Kogia breviceps'' DD ****

Dwarf sperm whale The dwarf sperm whale (''Kogia sima'') is a sperm whale that inhabits temperate and tropical oceans worldwide, in particular continental shelves and slopes. It was first described by biologist Richard Owen in 1866, based on illustrations by n ...

, ''Kogia sima'' DD **Family: Ziphidae ***Genus: '' Indopacetus'' ****

Tropical bottlenose whale The tropical bottlenose whale (''Indopacetus pacificus''), also known as the Indo-Pacific beaked whale or Longman's beaked whale, was considered to be the world's rarest cetacean until recently, but the spade-toothed whale now holds that positio ...

, ''Indopacetus pacificus'' DD ***Genus: '' Ziphius'' ****

Cuvier's beaked whale The Cuvier's beaked whale, goose-beaked whale, or ziphius (''Ziphius cavirostris'') is the most widely distributed of all beaked whales in the family Ziphiidae. It is smaller than most baleen whales yet large among beaked whales. Cuvier's beaked ...

, ''Ziphius cavirostris'' LC ***Subfamily:

Hyperoodontinae Beaked whales (systematic name Ziphiidae) are a family of cetaceans noted as being one of the least known groups of mammals because of their deep-sea habitat and apparent low abundance. Only three or four of the 24 species are reasonably well-k ...

****Genus: ''

Mesoplodon Mesoplodont whales are 16 species of toothed whale in the genus ''Mesoplodon'', making it the largest genus in the cetacean order. Two species were described as recently as 1991 (pygmy beaked whale) and 2002 (Perrin's beaked whale), and marine ...

'' *****

Blainville's beaked whale Blainville's beaked whale (''Mesoplodon densirostris''), or the dense-beaked whale, is believed to be the widest ranging mesoplodont whale. The French zoologist Henri de Blainville first described the species in 1817 from a small piece of jaw � ...

, ''Mesoplodon densirostris'' DD *****

Gray's beaked whale Gray's beaked whale (''Mesoplodon grayi''), sometimes known as Haast's beaked whale, the scamperdown whale, or the southern beaked whale, is one of the better-known members of the genus ''Mesoplodon''. This species is fairly gregarious and strand ...

, ''Mesoplodon grayi'' DD *****

Hector's beaked whale Hector's beaked whale (''Mesoplodon hectori''), is a small mesoplodont living in the Southern Hemisphere. This whale is named after Sir James Hector, a founder of the colonial museum in Wellington, New Zealand. The species has rarely been seen in ...

, ''Mesoplodon hectori'' DD ***** Layard's beaked whale, ''Mesoplodon layardii'' DD *****

True's beaked whale True's beaked whale (''Mesoplodon mirus'') is a medium-sized whale in the genus ''Mesoplodon''. It is native to the northern Atlantic Ocean. The common name is in reference to Frederick W. True, a curator at the United States National Museum (now ...

, ''Mesoplodon mirus'' DD **Superfamily:

Delphinoidea Delphinoidea is the largest group of toothed whales with 66 genera in 6 families. The largest living member of the superfamily is the killer whale, which can reach 6 tons, while the smallest is the vaquita. Taxonomy Based on McGowen ''et al''., ...

***Family:

Delphinidae Oceanic dolphins or Delphinidae are a widely distributed family of dolphins that live in the sea. Close to forty extant species are recognised. They include several big species whose common names contain "whale" rather than "dolphin", such as the ...

(marine dolphins) ****Genus: '' Steno'' *****

Rough-toothed dolphin The rough-toothed dolphin (''Steno bredanensis'') is a species of dolphin that can be found in deep warm and tropical waters around the world. The species was first described by Georges Cuvier in 1823. The genus name ''Steno'', of which this spe ...

, ''Steno bredanensis'' LC ****Genus: ''

Grampus Grampus may refer to: Animals *''Grampus'', the genus and another name for Risso's dolphin, ''Grampus griseus'' *A synonym of the genus ''Orcinus'' *Another name for ''Orcinus orca'', the killer whale or orca *Another name for the hellbender, a sp ...

'' *****

Risso's dolphin Risso's dolphin (''Grampus griseus'') is a dolphin, the only species of the genus ''Grampus''. Some of the closest related species to these dolphins include: pilot whales (''Globicephala'' spp.), pygmy killer whales (''Feresa attenuata''), melon ...

, ''Grampus griseus'' LC ****Genus: '' Globicephala'' *****

Short-finned pilot whale The short-finned pilot whale (''Globicephala macrorhynchus'') is one of the two species of cetaceans in the genus ''Pilot whale, Globicephala'', which it shares with the long-finned pilot whale (''G. melas''). It is part of the oceanic dolphin ...

, ''Globicephala macrorhynchus'' LC ****Genus: '' Sousa'' *****

Indian Ocean humpback dolphin The Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (''Sousa plumbea'') is a member of the Delphinidae family occupying coastal areas ranging from Southern Africa to Western Indochina. The Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (''Sousa chinensis'') was formerly included ...

, ''Sousa plumbea'' EN ****Genus: ''

Tursiops Bottlenose dolphins are aquatic mammals in the genus ''Tursiops.'' They are common, cosmopolitan members of the family Delphinidae, the family of oceanic dolphins. Molecular studies show the genus definitively contains two species: the common ...

'' *****

Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin The Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (''Tursiops aduncus'') is a species of bottlenose dolphin. This dolphin grows to long, and weighs up to . It lives in the waters around India, northern Australia, South China, the Red Sea, and the eastern co ...

, ''Tursiops aduncus'' NT *****

Common bottlenose dolphin The common bottlenose dolphin or Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (''Tursiops truncatus'') is a wide-ranging marine mammal of the family Delphinidae. The common bottlenose dolphin is a very familiar dolphin due to the wide exposure it gets in captivi ...

, ''Tursiops truncatus'' LC ****Genus: ''

Stenella ''Stenella'' is a genus of marine mammals in Delphinidae, the family informally known as the oceanic dolphins. Species Currently, five species are recognised in this genus: The common name for species in this genus is the "spotted dolphins" o ...

'' *****

Pantropical spotted dolphin The pantropical spotted dolphin (''Stenella attenuata'') is a species of dolphin found in all the world's temperate and tropical oceans. The species was beginning to come under threat due to the killing of millions of individuals in tuna purse s ...

, ''Stenella attenuata'' LC *****

Striped dolphin The striped dolphin (''Stenella coeruleoalba'') is an extensively studied dolphin found in temperate and tropical waters of all the world's oceans. It is a member of the oceanic dolphin family (biology), family, Delphinidae. Taxonomy The stripe ...

, ''Stenella coeruleoalba'' LC *****

Spinner dolphin The spinner dolphin (''Stenella longirostris'') is a small dolphin found in off-shore tropical waters around the world. It is famous for its acrobatic displays in which it rotates around its longitudinal axis as it leaps through the air. It is a ...

, ''Stenella longirostris'' LC ****Genus: ''

Delphinus Delphinus (Pronounced or ) is a small constellation in the Northern Celestial Hemisphere, close to the celestial equator. Its name is the Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-Europea ...

'' *****

Long-beaked common dolphin The common dolphin (''Delphinus delphis'') is the most abundant cetacean in the world, with a global population of about six million. Despite this fact and its vernacular name, the common dolphin is not thought of as the archetypal dolphin, with ...

, ''Delphinus capensis'' DD ****Genus: '' Lagenodelphis'' *****

Fraser's dolphin Fraser's dolphin or the Sarawak dolphin (''Lagenodelphis hosei'') is a cetacean in the family Delphinidae found in deep waters in the Pacific Ocean and to a lesser extent in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Taxonomy ''Lagenodelphis hosei'' is spe ...

, ''Lagenodelphis hosei'' LC ****Genus: '' Peponocephala'' *****

Melon-headed whale The melon-headed whale (''Peponocephala electra''), also known less commonly as the electra dolphin, little killer whale, or many-toothed blackfish, is a toothed whale of the oceanic dolphin family (Delphinidae). The common name is derived from t ...

, ''Peponocephala electra'' LC ****Genus: ''

Pseudorca ''Pseudorca'' is a genus of cetacea Cetacea (; , ) is an infraorder of aquatic mammals that includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Key characteristics are their fully aquatic lifestyle, streamlined body shape, often large size and exclusi ...

'' *****

False killer whale The false killer whale (''Pseudorca crassidens'') is a species of oceanic dolphin that is the only extant representative of the genus ''Pseudorca''. It is found in oceans worldwide but mainly in tropical regions. It was first described in 1846 ...

, ''Pseudorca crassidens'' NT ****Genus: '' Feresa'' *****

Pygmy killer whale The pygmy killer whale (''Feresa attenuata'') is a poorly known and rarely seen oceanic dolphin. It is the only species in the genus ''Feresa''. It derives its common name from sharing some physical characteristics with the orca also known as t ...

, ''Feresa attenuata'' LC ****Genus: ''

Orcinus ''Orcinus'' is a genus of Delphinidae, the family of carnivorous marine mammals known as dolphins. It includes the largest delphinid species, ''Orcinus orca'', known as the orca or killer whale. Two extinct species are recognised, '' Orcinus pale ...

'' *****

Orca The orca or killer whale (''Orcinus orca'') is a toothed whale belonging to the oceanic dolphin family, of which it is the largest member. It is the only Extant taxon, extant species in the genus ''Orcinus'' and is recognizable by its black ...

, ''Orcinus orca'' DD

Malagasy mammal names

Extinct megafauna

Notes

References

* *

External links

Large database of local names of fauna of Madagascar with English and scientific names
* {{Africa topic, List of mammals of

mammals Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or ...

' '

Order: Sirenia The Sirenia (), commonly referred to as sea-cows or sirenians, are an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit swamps, rivers, estuaries, marine wetlands, and coastal marine waters. The Sirenia currently comprise two distinct f ... (manatees and dugongs)

Order: Primates Primates are a diverse order of mammals. They are divided into the strepsirrhines, which include the lemurs, galagos, and lorisids, and the haplorhines, which include the tarsiers and the simians (monkeys and apes, the latter including huma ...

Order: Rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are na ...ia (rodents)

Order: Chiroptera Bats are mammals of the Order (biology), order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in fli ... (bats)

Order: Carnivora Carnivora is a Clade, monophyletic order of Placentalia, placental mammals consisting of the most recent common ancestor of all felidae, cat-like and canidae, dog-like animals, and all descendants of that ancestor. Members of this group are f ... (carnivorans)

Order: Cetacea Cetacea (; , ) is an infraorder of aquatic mammals that includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Key characteristics are their fully aquatic lifestyle, streamlined body shape, often large size and exclusively carnivorous diet. They propel them ... (whales, dolphins and porpoises)

Malagasy mammal names

Extinct megafauna

See also

Notes

References

External links

Order:
Sirenia The Sirenia (), commonly referred to as sea-cows or sirenians, are an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit swamps, rivers, estuaries, marine wetlands, and coastal marine waters. The Sirenia currently comprise two distinct f ...
(manatees and dugongs)

Order:
Primates Primates are a diverse order of mammals. They are divided into the strepsirrhines, which include the lemurs, galagos, and lorisids, and the haplorhines, which include the tarsiers and the simians (monkeys and apes, the latter including huma ...

Order:
Rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are na ...
ia (rodents)

Order:
Chiroptera Bats are mammals of the Order (biology), order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in fli ...
(bats)

Order:
Carnivora Carnivora is a Clade, monophyletic order of Placentalia, placental mammals consisting of the most recent common ancestor of all felidae, cat-like and canidae, dog-like animals, and all descendants of that ancestor. Members of this group are f ...
(carnivorans)

Order:
Cetacea Cetacea (; , ) is an infraorder of aquatic mammals that includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Key characteristics are their fully aquatic lifestyle, streamlined body shape, often large size and exclusively carnivorous diet. They propel them ...
(whales, dolphins and porpoises)