The following lists identify, characterize, and link to more thorough information on

Computer file A computer file is a computer resource for recording data in a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file name. Just as words can be written to paper, so can data be written to a computer file. Files can be shared with and trans ...

systems. Many older

operating system An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs. Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also i ...

s support only their one "native" file system, which does not bear any name apart from the name of the operating system itself.

Disk file systems

Disk file systems are usually block-oriented. Files in a block-oriented file system are sequences of blocks, often featuring fully random-access read, write, and modify operations. * ADFS – Acorn's Advanced Disc filing system, successor to DFS. *

AdvFS AdvFS, also known as Tru64 UNIX Advanced File System, is a file system developed in the late 1980s to mid-1990s by Digital Equipment Corporation for their OSF/1 version of the Unix operating system (later Digital UNIX/Tru64 UNIX). In June 2008 ...

– Advanced File System, designed by

Digital Equipment Corporation Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC ), using the trademark Digital, was a major American company in the computer industry from the 1960s to the 1990s. The company was co-founded by Ken Olsen and Harlan Anderson in 1957. Olsen was president un ...

for their Digital UNIX (now Tru64 UNIX) operating system. *

APFS Apple File System (APFS) is a proprietary file system developed and deployed by Apple Inc. for macOS Sierra (10.12.4) and later, iOS 10.3 and later, tvOS 10.2 and later, watchOS 3.2 and later, and all versions of iPadOS. It aims to fix c ...

– Apple File System is a next-generation file system for Apple products. * AthFS – AtheOS File System, a

64-bit In computer architecture, 64-bit integers, memory addresses, or other data units are those that are 64 bits wide. Also, 64-bit CPUs and ALUs are those that are based on processor registers, address buses, or data buses of that size. A compu ...

journaled filesystem now used by Syllable. Also called AFS. * BFS – the Boot File System used on System V release 4.0 and UnixWare. * BFS – the Be File System used on BeOS, occasionally misnamed as BeFS. Open source implementation called OpenBFS is used by the

Haiku is a type of short form poetry originally from Japan. Traditional Japanese haiku consist of three phrases that contain a ''kireji'', or "cutting word", 17 '' on'' (phonetic units similar to syllables) in a 5, 7, 5 pattern, and a ''kigo'', or s ...

operating system. * Byte File System (BFS) - file system used by

z/VM z/VM is the current version in IBM's VM family of virtual machine operating systems. z/VM was first released in October 2000 and remains in active use and development . It is directly based on technology and concepts dating back to the 1960s, wi ...

for Unix applications *

Btrfs Btrfs (pronounced as "better F S", "butter F S", "b-tree F S", or simply by spelling it out) is a computer storage format that combines a file system based on the copy-on-write (COW) principle with a logical volume manager (not to be confused ...

– is a

copy-on-write Copy-on-write (COW), sometimes referred to as implicit sharing or shadowing, is a resource-management technique used in computer programming to efficiently implement a "duplicate" or "copy" operation on modifiable resources. If a resource is dupl ...

file system for

Linux Linux ( or ) is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged as a Linux distribution, w ...

announced by Oracle in 2007 and published under the

GNU General Public License The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a series of widely used free software licenses that guarantee end users the four freedoms to run, study, share, and modify the software. The license was the first copyleft for general ...

(GPL). * CFS – The Cluster File System from Veritas, a Symantec company. It is the parallel access version of VxFS. * CP/M file system — Native filesystem used in the CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers) operating system which was first released in 1974. * DOS 3.x – Original floppy operating system and file system developed for the Apple II. *

Extent File System Extent File System (EFS) is an older extent-based file system used in IRIX releases prior to version 5.3. It has been superseded by XFS. External links EFS support for LinuxEFS support for NetBSD {{File systems Disk file systems IRIX ...

(EFS) – an older block filing system under IRIX. *

ext Ext, ext or EXT may refer to: * Ext functor, used in the mathematical field of homological algebra * Ext (JavaScript library), a programming library used to build interactive web applications * Exeter Airport (IATA airport code), in Devon, England ...

– Extended file system, designed for

systems. *

ext2 The ext2 or second extended file system is a file system for the Linux kernel. It was initially designed by French software developer Rémy Card as a replacement for the extended file system (ext). Having been designed according to the same ...

– Second extended file system, designed for

systems. *

ext3 ext3, or third extended filesystem, is a journaled file system that is commonly used by the Linux kernel. It used to be the default file system for many popular Linux distributions. Stephen Tweedie first revealed that he was working on ext ...

– A journaled form of ext2. *

ext4 ext4 (fourth extended filesystem) is a journaling file system for Linux, developed as the successor to ext3. ext4 was initially a series of backward-compatible extensions to ext3, many of them originally developed by Cluster File Systems for ...

– A follow up for

and also a journaled filesystem with support for

extents In computing, an extent is a contiguous area of storage reserved for a file in a file system, represented as a range of block numbers, or tracks on count key data devices. A file can consist of zero or more extents; one file fragment requires on ...

. *

ext3cow Ext3cow or third extended filesystem with copy-on-write is an open source, versioning file system based on the ext3 file system. Versioning is implemented through block-level copy-on-write. It shares many of its performance characteristics wi ...

– A

versioning file system A versioning file system is any computer file system which allows a computer file to exist in several versions at the same time. Thus it is a form of revision control. Most common versioning file systems keep a number of old copies of the file. S ...

form of ext3. *

FAT In nutrition, biology, and chemistry, fat usually means any ester of fatty acids, or a mixture of such compounds, most commonly those that occur in living beings or in food. The term often refers specifically to triglycerides (triple est ...

– File Allocation Table, initially used on

DOS DOS is shorthand for the MS-DOS and IBM PC DOS family of operating systems. DOS may also refer to: Computing * Data over signalling (DoS), multiplexing data onto a signalling channel * Denial-of-service attack (DoS), an attack on a communicat ...

and Microsoft Windows and now widely used for portable USB storage and some other devices;

FAT12 File Allocation Table (FAT) is a file system developed for personal computers. Originally developed in 1977 for use on floppy disks, it was adapted for use on hard disks and other devices. It is often supported for compatibility reasons by ...

FAT16 File Allocation Table (FAT) is a file system developed for personal computers. Originally developed in 1977 for use on floppy disks, it was adapted for use on hard disks and other devices. It is often supported for compatibility reasons by ...

and

FAT32 File Allocation Table (FAT) is a file system developed for personal computers. Originally developed in 1977 for use on floppy disks, it was adapted for use on hard disks and other devices. It is often supported for compatibility reasons by ...

for 12-, 16- and 32-bit table depths. **

VFAT File Allocation Table (FAT) is a file system developed for personal computers. Originally developed in 1977 for use on floppy disks, it was adapted for use on hard disks and other devices. It is often supported for compatibility reasons by ...

– Optional layer on Microsoft Windows FAT system to allow long (up to 255 character) filenames instead of only the

8.3 filename An 8.3 filename (also called a short filename or SFN) is a filename convention used by old versions of DOS and versions of Microsoft Windows prior to Windows 95 and Windows NT 3.5. It is also used in modern Microsoft operating systems as an alterna ...

s allowed in the plain FAT filesystem. ** FATX – A modified version of Microsoft Windows FAT system that is used on the original

Xbox Xbox is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft. The brand consists of five video game consoles, as well as applications (games), streaming services, an online service by the name of Xbox network, and the development arm by the ...

console. * FFS (Amiga) – Fast File System, used on Amiga systems. This FS has evolved over time. Now counts FFS1, FFS Intl, FFS DCache, FFS2. * FFS – Fast File System, used on *

BSD The Berkeley Software Distribution or Berkeley Standard Distribution (BSD) is a discontinued operating system based on Research Unix, developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) at the University of California, Berk ...

systems *

Fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

–

Plan 9 from Bell Labs Plan 9 from Bell Labs is a distributed operating system which originated from the Computing Science Research Center (CSRC) at Bell Labs in the mid-1980s and built on UNIX concepts first developed there in the late 1960s. Since 2000, Plan 9 has be ...

snapshot archival file system. *

Files-11 Files-11 is the file system used by Digital Equipment Corporation OpenVMS operating system, and also (in a simpler form) by the older RSX-11. It is a hierarchical file system, with support for access control lists, record-oriented I/O, remote ...

– OpenVMS file system; also used on some PDP-11 systems; supports record-oriented files *

Flex machine The Flex Computer System was developed by Michael Foster and Ian Currie of Royal Signals and Radar Establishment (RSRE) in Malvern, England, during the late 1970s and 1980s. It used a tagged storage scheme to implement a capability architectu ...

file system * HAMMER — clustered

DragonFly BSD DragonFly BSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system forked from FreeBSD 4.8. Matthew Dillon, an Amiga developer in the late 1980s and early 1990s and FreeBSD developer between 1994 and 2003, began working on DragonFly BSD in ...

filesystem, production-ready since DragonFly 2.2 (2009) *

HAMMER2 HAMMER2 is a successor to the HAMMER filesystem, redesigned from the ground up to support enhanced clustering. HAMMER2 supports online and batched deduplication, snapshots, directory entry indexing, multiple mountable filesystem roots, mounta ...

— recommended as the default root filesystem in DragonFly since 5.2 release in 2018 * HFS – Hierarchical File System in IBM's

z/OS z/OS is a 64-bit operating system for IBM z/Architecture mainframes, introduced by IBM in October 2000. It derives from and is the successor to OS/390, which in turn was preceded by a string of MVS versions.Starting with the earliest: * ...

; not to be confused with Apple's HFS. HFS is still supported but IBM's stated direction is

zFS ZFS (previously: Zettabyte File System) is a file system with volume management capabilities. It began as part of the Sun Microsystems Solaris operating system in 2001. Large parts of Solaris – including ZFS – were published under an ope ...

. * HFS – Hierarchical File System, in use until HFS+ was introduced on Mac OS 8.1. Also known as Mac OS Standard format. Successor to Macintosh File System (MFS) & predecessor to HFS+; not to be confused with IBM's HFS provided with

HFS+ HFS Plus or HFS+ (also known as Mac OS Extended or HFS Extended) is a journaling file system developed by Apple Inc. It replaced the Hierarchical File System (HFS) as the primary file system of Apple computers with the 1998 release of Mac OS 8.1 ...

– Updated version of Apple's HFS, Hierarchical File System, supported on Mac OS 8.1 & above, including macOS. Supports file system journaling, enabling recovery of data after a system crash. Also referred to as 'Mac OS Extended format or HFS Plus * HPFS – High Performance File System, used on

OS/2 OS/2 (Operating System/2) is a series of computer operating systems, initially created by Microsoft and IBM under the leadership of IBM software designer Ed Iacobucci. As a result of a feud between the two companies over how to position OS/2 r ...

HTFS High Throughput File System (HTFS) is the journaling file system used by current versions of SCO OpenServer Xinuos OpenServer, previously SCO UNIX and SCO Open Desktop (SCO ODT), is a closed source computer operating system developed by San ...

– High Throughput Filesystem, used on

SCO OpenServer Xinuos OpenServer, previously SCO UNIX and SCO Open Desktop (SCO ODT), is a closed source computer operating system developed by Santa Cruz Operation (SCO), later acquired by SCO Group, and now owned by Xinuos. Early versions of OpenServer we ...

ISO 9660 ISO 9660 (also known as ECMA-119) is a file system for optical disc media. Being sold by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) the file system is considered an international technical standard. Since the specification is ...

– Used on CD-ROM and

DVD-ROM The DVD (common abbreviation for Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc) is a digital optical disc data storage format. It was invented and developed in 1995 and first released on November 1, 1996, in Japan. The medium can store any kind ...

discs (

Rock Ridge ISO 9660 (also known as ECMA-119) is a file system for optical disc media. Being sold by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) the file system is considered an international technical standard. Since the specification is av ...

and Joliet are extensions to this) * JFS – IBM

Journaling file system A journaling file system is a file system that keeps track of changes not yet committed to the file system's main part by recording the goal of such changes in a data structure known as a " journal", which is usually a circular log. In the even ...

, provided in

, and

AIX Aix or AIX may refer to: Computing * AIX, a line of IBM computer operating systems *An Alternate Index, for a Virtual Storage Access Method Key Sequenced Data Set * Athens Internet Exchange, a European Internet exchange point Places Belgi ...

. Supports

. * LFS – 4.4BSD implementation of a

log-structured file system A log-structured filesystem is a file system in which data and metadata are written sequentially to a circular buffer, called a log. The design was first proposed in 1988 by John K. Ousterhout and Fred Douglis and first implemented in 1992 by ...

* MFS – Macintosh File System, used on early Classic Mac OS systems. Succeeded by Hierarchical File System (HFS). *

Next3 Next3 is a journaling file system for Linux based on ext3 which adds snapshots support, yet retains compatibility to the ext3 on-disk format. Next3 is implemented as open-source software, licensed under the GPL license. Background A snapshot is ...

– A form of

with snapshots support. * MFS – TiVo's Media File System, a proprietary fault tolerant format used on

TiVo TiVo ( ) is a digital video recorder (DVR) developed and marketed by Xperi (previously by TiVo Corporation and TiVo Inc.) and introduced in 1999. TiVo provides an on-screen guide of scheduled broadcast programming television programs, whose fea ...

hard drives for real time recording from live TV. *

Minix file system The Minix file system is the native file system of the Minix operating system. It was written from scratch by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the 1980s and aimed to replicate the structure of the Unix File System while omitting complex features, and was ...

– Used on Minix systems *

NILFS NILFS or NILFS2 (''New Implementation of a Log-structured File System'') is a log-structured file system implementation for the Linux kernel. It was developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) CyberSpace Laboratories and a comm ...

– Linux implementation of a

NTFS New Technology File System (NTFS) is a proprietary journaling file system developed by Microsoft. Starting with Windows NT 3.1, it is the default file system of the Windows NT family. It superseded File Allocation Table (FAT) as the preferred fil ...

– (New Technology File System) Used on

Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation producing computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services headquartered at the Microsoft Redmond campus located in Redmond, Washin ...

Windows NT Windows NT is a proprietary graphical operating system produced by Microsoft, the first version of which was released on July 27, 1993. It is a processor-independent, multiprocessing and multi-user operating system. The first version of Win ...

-based operating systems *

NeXT Next may refer to: Arts and entertainment Film * ''Next'' (1990 film), an animated short about William Shakespeare * ''Next'' (2007 film), a sci-fi film starring Nicolas Cage * '' Next: A Primer on Urban Painting'', a 2005 documentary film Lit ...

NeXTstation NeXTstation is a high-end workstation computer developed, manufactured and sold by NeXT from 1990 until 1993. It runs the NeXTSTEP operating system. Overview The NeXTstation was released as a more affordable alternative to the NeXTcube at about ...

and

NeXTcube The NeXTcube is a high-end workstation computer developed, manufactured, and sold by NeXT from 1990 until 1993. It superseded the original NeXT Computer workstation and is housed in a similar cube-shaped magnesium enclosure, designed by frog desig ...

file system * NetWare File System – The original NetWare 2.x–5.x file system, used optionally by later versions. * NSS – Novell Storage Services. This is a new 64-bit

journaling file system A journaling file system is a file system that keeps track of changes not yet committed to the file system's main part by recording the goal of such changes in a data structure known as a " journal", which is usually a circular log. In the even ...

using a balanced tree algorithm. Used in NetWare versions 5.0-up and recently ported to

. *

OneFS The OneFS File System is a parallel distributed networked file system designed by Isilon Systems and is the basis for the ''Isilon Scale-out Storage Platform''. The OneFS file system is controlled and managed by the OneFS Operating System, a Fre ...

– One File System. This is a fully journaled, distributed file system used by

Isilon Dell EMC Isilon is a scale out network-attached storage platform offered by Dell EMC for high-volume storage, backup and archiving of unstructured data. It provides a cluster-based storage array based on industry standard hardware, and is scala ...

. OneFS uses FlexProtect and Reed–Solomon encodings to support up to four simultaneous disk failures. * OFS – Old File System, on Amiga. Good for floppies, but fairly useless on hard drives. *

OS-9 OS-9 is a family of real-time, process-based, multitasking, multi-user operating systems, developed in the 1980s, originally by Microware Systems Corporation for the Motorola 6809 microprocessor. It was purchased by Radisys Corp in 2001, an ...

file system * PFS – and PFS2, PFS3, etc. Technically interesting file system available for the Amiga, performs very well under a lot of circumstances. Very simple and elegant. *

ProDOS ProDOS is the name of two similar operating systems for the Apple II series of personal computers. The original ProDOS, renamed ProDOS 8 in version 1.2, is the last official operating system usable by all 8-bit Apple II series computers, and w ...

– Operating system and file system successor to DOS 3.x, for use on Apple's computers prior to the Macintosh & Lisa computers, the Apple series, including the

IIgs The Apple IIGS (styled as II), the fifth and most powerful of the Apple II family, is a 16-bit personal computer produced by Apple Computer. While featuring the Macintosh look and feel, and resolution and color similar to the Amiga and Atari ST ...

* Qnx4fs – File system that is used in

QNX QNX ( or ) is a commercial Unix-like real-time operating system, aimed primarily at the embedded systems market. QNX was one of the first commercially successful microkernel operating systems. The product was originally developed in the early ...

version 4 and 6. * ReFS (Resilient File System) – New file system by

that is built on the foundations of

(but cannot boot, has a default cluster size of 64 KB and does not support compression) and is intended to be used with the

Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2012, codenamed "Windows Server 8", is the sixth version of the Windows Server operating system by Microsoft, as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. It is the server version of Windows based on Windows 8 and succe ...

operating system. *

ReiserFS ReiserFS is a general-purpose, journaling file system initially designed and implemented by a team at Namesys led by Hans Reiser and licensed under GPLv2. Introduced in version 2.4.1 of the Linux kernel, it was the first journaling file sys ...

– File system that uses journaling *

Reiser4 Reiser4 is a computer file system, successor to the ReiserFS file system, developed from scratch by Namesys and sponsored by DARPA as well as Linspire. Reiser4 was named after its former lead developer Hans Reiser. , the Reiser4 patch set is ...

– File system that uses journaling, newest version of ReiserFS * Reliance – Datalight's transactional file system for high reliability applications * Reliance Nitro – Tree-based transactional file system developed for high-performance embedded systems, from Datalight * RFS – Native filesystem for

RTEMS Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems (RTEMS), formerly Real-Time Executive for Missile Systems, and then Real-Time Executive for Military Systems, is a real-time operating system (RTOS) designed for embedded systems. It is free and open ...

SkyFS SkyOS (''Sky Operating System'') is a discontinued prototype commercial, Proprietary software, proprietary, graphical desktop operating system written for the x86 computer architecture. As of January 30, 2009 development was halted with no plans ...

– Developed for

SkyOS SkyOS (''Sky Operating System'') is a discontinued prototype commercial, proprietary, graphical desktop operating system written for the x86 computer architecture. As of January 30, 2009 development was halted with no plans to resume its develop ...

to replace BFS as the operating system's main file system. It is based on BFS, but contains many new features. * Smart File System, SFS – Smart File System,

available for the Amiga platforms. * Soup (Apple) – the "file system" for Newton (platform), Apple Newton Platform, structured as a shallow database * Tux3 – An experimental versioning file system intended as a replacement for ext3 * Universal Disk Format, UDF – Packet-based file system for WORM/RW media such as CD-RW and DVD, now supports hard drives and flash memory as well. * Unix File System, UFS – Unix File System, used on Solaris (operating system), Solaris and older

systems * Unix File System, UFS2 – Unix File System, used on newer

systems * Veritas File System, VxFS Veritas Software, Veritas file system, first commercial

; HP-UX, Solaris (operating system), Solaris,

, UnixWare *Volume Table of Contents, VTOC (Volume Table Of Contents) - Data structure on IBM mainframe direct-access storage devices (DASD) such as disk drives that provides a way of locating the data sets that reside on the DASD volume. * XFS – Used on Silicon Graphics, SGI IRIX and

systems *

–

File System; not to be confused with other file systems named zFS or ZFS. * zFS (IBM file system project), zFS - an IBM research project to develop a distributed, decentralized file system; not to be confused with other file systems named zFS or ZFS. * ZFS a combined file system and logical volume manager designed by Sun Microsystems

File systems with built-in fault-tolerance

These file systems have built-in checksumming and either mirroring or parity for extra redundancy on one or several block devices: * Bcachefs – It's not yet upstream, full data and metadata checksumming, bcache is the bottom half of the filesystem. *

– A file system based on B-Trees, initially designed at Oracle Corporation. * HAMMER and

–

's primary filesystems, created by Matt Dillon (computer scientist), Matt Dillon. * NOVA_(filesystem), NOVA – The "non-volatile memory accelerated" file system for persistent main memory. * ReFS (Resilient File System) – A file system by

with built-in resiliency features. * Reliance – A transactional file system with cyclic redundancy check, CRCs, created by Datalight. * Reliance Nitro – A tree-based transactional file system with CRCs, developed for high performance and reliability in embedded systems, from Datalight. * WekaFS – a shared parallel filesystem that delivers extreme performance at any scale and is optimized for NVMe and the hybrid cloud. * ZFS – Has checksums for all data; important metadata is always redundant, additional redundancy levels are user-configurable;

and transactional writing ensure metadata consistency; corrupted data can be automatically repaired if a redundant copy is available. Created by Sun Microsystems for use on Solaris (operating system), Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris, ported to FreeBSD 7.0, NetBSD (as of August 2009),

and to Filesystem in Userspace, FUSE (not to be confused with the two zFSes from IBM)

File systems optimized for flash memory, solid state media

Solid state media, such as flash memory, are similar to disks in their interfaces, but have different problems. At low level, they require special handling such as wear leveling and different error detection and correction algorithms. Typically a device such as a solid-state drive handles such operations internally and therefore a regular file system can be used. However, for certain specialized installations (embedded systems, industrial applications) a file system optimized for plain flash memory is advantageous. * APFS – Apple File System is a next-generation file system for Apple products. * CHFS – a NetBSD filesystem for embedded systems optimised for raw flash media. * exFAT –

proprietary system intended for flash cards (see also XCFiles, an exFAT implementation for Wind River Systems, Wind River VxWorks and other embedded operating systems). * ExtremeFFS – internal filesystem for SSDs. * F2FS – Flash-Friendly File System. An open source Linux file system introduced by Samsung in 2012. * Flash memory#Flash file systems, FFS2 (presumably preceded by FFS1), one of the earliest flash file systems. Developed and patented by

in the early 1990s. * JFFS – original log structured Linux file system for NOR flash media. * JFFS2 – successor of JFFS, for NAND flash#NAND flash, NAND and NOR flash. * LSFS – a Log-structured file system with writable snapshots and inline data deduplication created by StarWind Software. Uses DRAM and flash to cache spinning disks. * LogFS – intended to replace JFFS2, better scalability. No longer under active development. *

– a log-structured file system for Linux with continuous snapshots. * Non-Volatile File System – the system for flash memory introduced by Palm, Inc. * NOVA (filesystem), NOVA – the "non-volatile memory accelerated" file system for persistent main memory. *

– a filesystem utilized by

. It supports selective placement of meta-data directly onto flash SSD. * Segger Microcontroller Systems emFile – filesystem for deeply embedded applications which supports both NAND and NOR flash. Wear leveling, fast read and write, and very low RAM usage. * SPIFFS – SPI Flash File System, a wear-leveling filesystem intended for small NOR flash devices. * Transaction-Safe FAT File System, TFAT – a transactional version of the FAT filesystem. * TrueFFS – internal file system for SSDs, implementing error correction, bad block re-mapping and wear-leveling. * UBIFS – successor of JFFS2, optimized to utilize NAND flash#NAND flash, NAND and NOR flash. * Write Anywhere File Layout (WAFL) – an internal file system utilized by NetApp within their DataONTAP OS, originally optimized to use non-volatile DRAM. WAFL uses Non-standard RAID levels#RAID-DP, RAID-DP to protect against multiple disk failures and NVRAM for transaction log replays. * YAFFS – a log-structured file system designed for NAND flash, but also used with NOR flash.
LittleFS
– a little fail-safe filesystem designed for microcontrollers. * JesFS – Jo's embedded serial FileSystem. A very small footprint and robust filesystem, designed for very small microcontroller (16/32 bit). Open Source and licensed under GPL v3.

Record-oriented file systems

In Record-oriented filesystem, record-oriented file systems files are stored as a collection of record (computer science), records. They are typically associated with Mainframe computer, mainframe and minicomputer operating systems. Programs read and write whole records, rather than bytes or arbitrary byte ranges, and can seek to a record boundary but not within records. The more sophisticated record-oriented file systems have more in common with simple databases than with other file systems. * CMS file system – The native file system of the Conversational Monitor System component of VM/370 *

– early versions were record-oriented; support for "streams" was added later * Michigan Terminal System (MTS) – provides "line files" where record lengths and line numbers are associated as metadata with each record in the file, lines can be added, replaced, updated with the same or different length records, and deleted anywhere in the file without the need to read and rewrite the entire file. * OS4000 for GEC's OS4000 operating system, on the GEC 4000 series minicomputers * A

and

(and

) extension to support database-like file types ''random file'', ''direct file'', ''keyed file'' and ''sequential file'' in Digital Research FlexOS, IBM 4680 OS and Toshiba 4690 OS.IBM. ''4690 OS Programming Guide Version 5.2'', IBM document SC30-4137-01, 2007-12-06 ([ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/software/retail/pubs/sw/opsys/4690/ver5r2/bsi1_PG_mst.pdf]). The record size is stored on a file-by-file basis in Design of the FAT file system#DIR OFS 10h, special entries in the directory table.Caldera (1997). ''Caldera OpenDOS Machine Readable Source Kit 7.01''. The FDOS.EQU file in the machine readable source kit has equates for the corresponding directory entries. * Sequential access methods for IBM's

and z/VSE mainframe operating systems: Basic Sequential Access Method (BSAM), Basic Partitioned Access Method (BPAM) and Queued Sequential Access Method (QSAM); see Access methods and Data set (IBM mainframe) for more examples * Pick Operating System – A record-oriented filesystem and database that uses hash-coding to store data. * Shared File System (SFS) for IBM's VM (operating system), VM * Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) for IBM's

and z/VSE mainframe operating systems

Shared-disk file systems

Shared-disk file systems (also called ''shared-storage file systems'', SAN file system, Clustered file system or even ''cluster file systems'') are primarily used in a storage area network where all nodes directly access the Block (data storage), block storage where the file system is located. This makes it possible for nodes to fail without affecting access to the file system from the other nodes. Shared-disk file systems are normally used in a high-availability cluster together with storage on hardware RAID. Shared-disk file systems normally do not scale over 64 or 128 nodes. Shared-disk file systems may be symmetric where metadata is distributed among the nodes or asymmetry, asymmetric with centralized metadata servers. * CXFS (Clustered XFS) from Silicon Graphics (SGI). Available for Linux, Mac, Windows, Solaris, AIX and IRIX,. Asymmetric. * Dell Fluid File System (formerly ExaFS) proprietary software sold by Dell. Shared-disk system sold as an appliance providing distributed file systems to clients. Running on Intel based hardware serving NFS v2/v3, SMB/CIFS and AFP to Microsoft Windows, Windows, macOS,

and other UNIX clients. * Blue Whale Clustered file system (BWFS) from Tianjin Zhongke Blue Whale Information Technologies Co., Ltd., Zhongke Blue Whale. Asymmetric. Available for Microsoft Windows,

, and macOS. * DataPlow SAN File System, SAN File System (SFS) from DataPlow. Available for Windows, Linux, Solaris, and macOS. Symmetric and Asymmetric. * EMC Celerra HighRoad from EMC Corporation, EMC. Available for Linux, AIX, HP-UX, IRIX, Solaris and Windows. Asymmetric. *

on VMSclusters, released by Digital Equipment Corporation, DEC in 1983, now from Hewlett-Packard, HP. Symmetric. * GFS2 (''Global File System'') from Red Hat. Available for Linux under GNU General Public License, GPL. Symmetric (GDLM) or Asymmetric (GULM). * IBM General Parallel File System (GPFS) Windows, Linux, AIX . Parallel * Nasan Clustered File System from DataPlow. Available for Linux and Solaris. Asymmetric. * Oracle ACFS from Oracle Corporation. Available for Linux (RHEL, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 only). Symmetric. * OCFS2 (''Oracle Cluster File System'') from Oracle Corporation. Available for Linux under GNU General Public License, GPL. Symmetric. * QFS from Sun Microsystems. Available for Linux (client only) and Solaris (metadata server and client). Asymmetric. * ScoutFS from Versity. Available for Linux under the GNU General Public License, GPL. Symmetric. * StorNext File System from Quantum Corporation, Quantum. Asymmetric. Available for

, HP-UX, IRIX,

, macOS, Solaris (operating system), Solaris and Microsoft Windows, Windows. Interoperable with Xsan. Formerly known as CVFS. * Veritas Storage Foundation from NortonLifeLock, Symantec. Available for AIX, HP-UX, Linux and Solaris. Asymmetric. * Xsan from Apple Inc. Available for macOS. Asymmetric. Interoperable with StorNext File System. * VMware VMFS, VMFS from VMware/EMC Corporation. Available for VMware ESX Server. Symmetric.

Distributed file systems

Distributed file systems are also called network file systems. Many implementations have been made, they are location dependent and they have access control lists (ACLs), unless otherwise stated below. * 9P (protocol), 9P, the

and Inferno (operating system), Inferno distributed file system protocol. One implementation is v9fs. No ACLs. * Amazon S3 * Andrew File System (AFS) is scalable and location independent, has a heavy client cache (computing), cache and uses Kerberos (protocol), Kerberos for authentication. Implementations include the original from IBM (earlier Transarc), Arla and OpenAFS. * Avere Systems has AvereOS that creates a Network-attached storage, NAS protocol file system in object storage. * DCE Distributed File System (distributed computing environment, DCE/DFS) from IBM (earlier Transarc) is similar to AFS and focus on full POSIX file system semantics and high availability. Available for

and Solaris (operating system), Solaris under a proprietary software license. * File Access Listener (FAL) is an implementation of the Data Access Protocol (DAP) which is part of the DECnet suite of network protocols created by

. * MagmaFS, Magma, developed by Tx0. * MapR FS is a distributed high-performance file system that exhibits file, table and messaging APIs. * Microsoft Office Groove shared workspace, used for DoHyki * NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) from Novell is used in networks based on NetWare. * Network File System (protocol), Network File System (NFS) originally from Sun Microsystems is the standard in UNIX-based networks. NFS may use Kerberos (protocol), Kerberos authentication and a client cache (computing), cache. * OS4000 Linked-OS provides distributed filesystem across OS4000 systems. * Self-certifying File System (SFS), a global network file system designed to securely allow access to file systems across separate administrative domains. * Server Message Block (SMB) originally from IBM (but the most common version is modified heavily by

) is the standard in Windows-based networks. SMB is also known as ''Common Internet File System (CIFS)''. SMB may use Kerberos (protocol), Kerberos authentication.

Distributed fault-tolerant file systems

Distributed fault-tolerant replication of data between nodes (between servers or servers/clients) for high availability and offline (disconnected) operation. * Coda (file system), Coda from Carnegie Mellon University focuses on bandwidth-adaptive operation (including disconnected operation) using a client-side cache for mobile computing. It is a descendant of AFS-2. It is available for

under the GNU General Public License, GPL. * Distributed File System (Microsoft), Distributed File System (Dfs) from

focuses on location transparency and high availability. Available for Microsoft Windows, Windows under a proprietary software license. * HAMMER and

–

's filesystems for clustered storage, created by Matt Dillon (computer scientist), Matt Dillon. * InterMezzo (file system), InterMezzo from Cluster File Systems uses synchronization over HTTP. Available for

under GNU General Public License, GPL but no longer in development since the developers are working on Lustre (file system), Lustre. * LizardFS a networking, distributed file system based on MooseFS * Moose File System (MooseFS) is a networking, distributed file system. It spreads data over several physical locations (servers), which are visible to a user as one resource. Works on Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenSolaris and macOS. Master server and chunkservers can also run on Solaris and Windows with Cygwin. * Scality is a distributed fault-tolerant filesystem. * Tahoe-LAFS is an open source secure, decentralized, fault-tolerant filesystem utilizing encryption as the basis for a least-authority replicated design. * A

and

(and

) extension to support automatic file distribution across nodes with extra attributes like ''local'', ''mirror on update'', ''mirror on close'', ''compound on update'', ''compound on close'' in IBM 4680 OS and Toshiba 4690 OS. The distribution attributes are stored on a file-by-file basis in Design of the FAT file system#DIR, special entries in the directory table.IBM (2003). ''Information about 4690 OS unique file distribution attributes'', IBM document R1001487, 2003-07-30. (): "[...] file types are stored in the "Reserved bits" portion of the PC-DOS file directory structure [...] only 4690 respects and preserves these attributes. Various non-4690 operating systems take different actions if these bits are turned on [...] when copying from a diskette created on a 4690 system. [...] PC-DOS and Windows 2000 Professional will copy the file without error and zero the bits. OS/2 [...] 1.2 [...] will refuse to copy the file unless [...] first run CHKDSK /F on the file. After [...] CHKDSK, it will copy the file and zero the bits. [...] when [...] copy [...] back to the 4690 system, [...] file will copy as a local file."IBM. ''4690 save and restore file distribution attributes''. IBM document R1000622, 2010-08-31 ().

Distributed parallel file systems

Distributed Parallel computing, parallel file systems stripe data over multiple servers for high performance. They are normally used in high-performance computing, high-performance computing (HPC). Some of the distributed parallel file systems use an object storage device (OSD) (in Lustre called OST) for chunks of data together with centralized metadata servers. *Lustre (file system), Lustre is an Open-source software, open-source high-performance distributed parallel file system for Linux, used on many of the largest computers in the world. *Parallel Virtual File System (PVFS, PVFS2, OrangeFS). Developed to store virtual system images, with a focus on non-shared writing optimizations. Available for

under GNU General Public License, GPL.

Distributed parallel fault-tolerant file systems

Distributed file systems, which also are Parallel computing, parallel and fault tolerant, stripe and replicate data over multiple servers for high performance and to maintain data integrity. Even if a server fails no data is lost. The file systems are used in both high-performance computing, high-performance computing (HPC) and high-availability clusters. All file systems listed here focus on high availability, scalability and high performance unless otherwise stated below. In development: * zFS (IBM file system project), zFS from IBM (not to be confused with ZFS from Sun Microsystems or the zFS file system provided with IBM's

operating system) focus on cooperative cache and distributed transactions and uses object storage devices. Under development and not freely available. * HAMMER/ANVIL by Matt Dillon (computer scientist), Matt Dillon * PNFS (Parallel NFS) – Clients available for

and OpenSolaris and back-ends from NetApp, Panasas, EMC Corporation, EMC Highroad and IBM GPFS * CRFS, Coherent Remote File System (CRFS) – requires

* Elliptics, Parallel Optimized Host Message Exchange Layered File System (POHMELFS) and Distributed STorage (DST). POSIX compliant, added to Linux kernel 2.6.30

Peer-to-peer file systems

Some of these may be called cooperative storage cloud. * Cleversafe uses Cauchy Reed–Solomon information dispersal algorithms to separate data into unrecognizable slices and distribute them, via secure Internet connections, to multiple storage locations. * Scality is a distributed filesystem using the Chord (peer-to-peer), Chord peer-to-peer protocol. * IPFS InterPlanetary File System is p2p, worldwide distributed content-addressable, file-system.

Special-purpose file systems

* aufs an enhanced version of UnionFS stackable unification file system * AXFS (small footprint compressed read-only, with XIP) * Barracuda Networks, Barracuda WebDAV plug-in. Secure Network File Server for embedded devices. * Boot File System is used on UnixWare to store files necessary for its boot process. * CDfs, cdfs (reading and writing of CDs) * Compact Disc File System (reading and writing of CDs; experimental) * CFS (Compact File Set file format), cfs (caching) * Cramfs (small footprint compressed read-only) * Davfs2 (WebDAV) * Freenet – Decentralized, censorship-resistant * FTPFS (FTP access) * GmailFS (Google Mail File System) * GridFS – GridFS is a specification for storing and retrieving files that exceed the BSON-document size limit of 16 MB for MongoDB. * lnfs (long names) * LTFS (Linear Tape File System for LTO and Enterprise tape) * MultiVersion File System, MVFS – MultiVersion File System, proprietary, used by Rational ClearCase.
Nexfs
Combines Block, File, Object and Cloud storage into a single pool of auto-tiering POSIX compatible storage. * romfs * SquashFS (compressed read-only) * UMSDOS, UVFAT – FAT file systems extended to store permissions and metadata (and in the case of UVFAT,

long file names), used for Linux * UnionFS – stackable unification file system, which can appear to merge the contents of several directories (branches), while keeping their physical content separate * Venti – Plan 9 de-duplicated storage used by

Pseudo file systems

* devfs – a virtual file system in Unix-like operating systems for managing device nodes on-the-fly * procfs – a pseudo-file system, used to access kernel information about processes * tmpfs – in-memory temporary file system (on Unix-like platforms) * sysfs – a virtual file system in Linux kernel, Linux holding information about buses, devices, firmware, filesystems, etc. * debugfs – a virtual file system in Linux kernel, Linux for accessing and controlling kernel debugging * configfs – a writable file system used to configure various kernel components of Linux kernel, Linux * sysctlfs – allow accessing sysctl nodes via a file system; available on NetBSD via PUFFS, FreeBSD kernel via a 3rd-party module, and Linux kernel, Linux as a part of Linux procfs. * kernfs (BSD), kernfs – a file system found on some BSD systems (notably NetBSD) that provides access to some kernel state variables; similar to sysctlfs, Linux procfs and Linux sysfs. * wikifs – a server application for Plan 9 from Bell Labs, Plan 9's virtual, wiki, file system

Encrypted file systems

* eCryptfs – a stacked cryptographic file system in the Linux kernel since 2.6.19 * SSHFS, Secure Shell File System (SSHFS) – locally mount a remote directory on a server using only a secure shell login. * EncFS, GPL Disk encryption software, Encrypted file system in user-space * MaruTukku, Rubberhose filesystem * Encrypting File System, EFS – an encrypted file system for Microsoft Windows systems and

. An extension of

* ZFS, with encryption support.

File system interfaces

These are not really file systems; they allow access to file systems from an operating system standpoint. * FUSE (linux), FUSE (file system in userspace, like Linux Userland Filesystem, LUFS but better maintained) * Linux Userland Filesystem, LUFS (Linux userland file system – seems to be abandoned in favour of FUSE (linux), FUSE) * Pass-to-Userspace Framework File Fystem, PUFFS (Userspace filesystem for NetBSD, including a compatibility layer called librefuse for porting existing FUSE-based applications) * Virtual file system, VFS Virtual Filesystem

References

External links

File Systems
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of File Systems Computer file systems, * Computing-related lists, File systems