This is a list of words that have entered into the

English language English is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, with its earliest forms spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the is ...

from the

Turkic languages The Turkic languages are a language family of over 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and Western Asia. The Turkic languag ...

. Many of them came via

trade Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. Economists refer to a system or network that allows trade as a market. An early form of trade, barter, saw the direct excha ...

rs and

soldier A soldier is a person who is a member of an army. A soldier can be a conscripted or volunteer enlisted person, a non-commissioned officer, or an officer. Etymology The word ''soldier'' derives from the Middle English word , from Old French ...

s from and in the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

. There are some Turkic words as well, most of them entered English via the

Russian language Russian (russian: русский язык, russkij jazyk, link=no, ) is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language mainly spoken in Russia. It is the First language, native language of the Russians, and belongs to the Indo-European langua ...

Introduction

Languages of

Turkic peoples The Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West, Central, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.. "Turkic peoples, any of various peoples whose members speak languages belonging t ...

left numerous traces in different languages, including the English language. Turkic borrowings, which belong to the social and political vocabulary, are generally used in special literature and in the historical and ethnographical works, which relate to the life of Turkic and

Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...

peoples. The ethnographical words are generally used in the scientific literature, and in the historical and ethnographical texts. The adoption of Indian (principally Hindustani) words, among which there were some Turkic borrowings, became one of the ways for the words of the Turkic origin to penetrate English. Additionally, several words of Turkic origin penetrated English through Central or Eastern European languages like Russian and

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...

. Albanian,

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Can ...

Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...

, French, Hungarian and

Serbo-Croatian Serbo-Croatian () – also called Serbo-Croat (), Serbo-Croat-Bosnian (SCB), Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS), and Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS) – is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and ...

were also intermediary languages for the Turkic words to penetrate English, as well as containing numerous Turkic loanwords themselves (e.g. Serbo-Croatian contains around 5,000 Turkic loanwords, primarily from Turkish). In the nineteenth century, Turkic loanwords, generally of Turkish origin, began to penetrate not only through the writings of the travelers, diplomats and merchants, and through the ethnographical and historical works, but also through the press. In 1847, there were two English-language newspapers in

Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...

– ''The Levant Herald'' and ''The Levant Times'', seven newspapers in French, one in German and 37 in Turkish. Turkish contributed the largest share of the Turkic loans, which penetrated into the English directly. This can be explained by the fact that

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

had the most intensive and wide connections with

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

. Nevertheless, there are many Turkic loans in English, which were borrowed by its contacts with other peoples –

Azerbaijanis Azerbaijanis (; az, Azərbaycanlılar, ), Azeris ( az, Azərilər, ), or Azerbaijani Turks ( az, Azərbaycan Türkləri, ) are a Turkic people living mainly in northwestern Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan. They are the second-most numer ...

Tatars The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different

Uzbeks The Uzbeks ( uz, , , , ) are a Turkic ethnic group native to the wider Central Asian region, being among the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Kazakh and Karakalpak mino ...

Kazakhs The Kazakhs (also spelled Qazaqs; Kazakh: , , , , , ; the English name is transliterated from Russian; russian: казахи) are a Turkic-speaking ethnic group native to northern parts of Central Asia, chiefly Kazakhstan, but also parts o ...

and Kirghiz. Yeniceri aga

Most of the Turkic loans in English carry exotic or ethnographical connotations. They do not have equivalents in English, do not have synonymic relations with primordial words, and generally are used to describe the fauna, flora, life customs, political and social life, and an administrative-territorial structure of Turkic regions. But there are many Turkic loans, which are still part of the frequently used vocabulary. Some Turkic loans have acquired new meanings, unrelated to their etymology. To conclude, the words of the Turkic origin began penetrating English as early as the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...

, the Turkic loanwords found their way into English through other languages, most frequently through French. Since the 16c, beginning from the time of the establishment of the direct contacts between England and Turkey, and

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

, in English appeared new direct borrowings from Turkic languages. German, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, French,

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...

Armenian Armenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia * Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent ** Armenian Diaspora, Armenian communities across the ...

Afrikaans Afrikaans (, ) is a West Germanic language that evolved in the Dutch Cape Colony from the Dutch vernacular of Holland proper (i.e., the Hollandic dialect) used by Dutch, French, and German settlers and their enslaved people. Afrikaans gra ...

, Hungarian,

Yiddish Yiddish (, or , ''yidish'' or ''idish'', , ; , ''Yidish-Taytsh'', ) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a ver ...

, Hindustani, Spanish, Italian, Latin, Malayan, to a different extent, took part in the process of the transfer of the Turkic words into English. The main language from which the borrowings were made, was Turkish.

A

;Afshar: from Turkic ''Afshar'', "a Turkic tribe living majorly in Kerman province of

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

". A

Shiraz Shiraz (; fa, شیراز, Širâz ) is the List of largest cities of Iran, fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars province, Fars Province, which has been historically known as Pars (Sasanian province), Pars () and Persis. As o ...

rug of coarse weave. ;Aga or Agha: from Turkish ''ağa'', a title of rank, especially in Turkey. ; Aga Khan: from Turkic ''agha'' and ''khan'', the divinely ordained head of the

Nizari The Nizaris ( ar, النزاريون, al-Nizāriyyūn, fa, نزاریان, Nezāriyān) are the largest segment of the Ismaili Muslims, who are the second-largest branch of Shia Islam after the Twelvers. Nizari teachings emphasize independent ...

branch of Isma'ili Shi'a Islam. ;

Agaluk An Agaluk ( tr, Ağalık) was a feudal unit of the Ottoman Empire governed by an ''agha'' (tax collector landlord). In Bosnian history, an agaluk may often refer to land ''owned'' by an ''aga''. See also *Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire *Ka ...

: from Turkish ''Ağalık'', a feudal unit of the

;

Airan Airan () is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region of northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Valambray. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Airannais'' or ''Airannaises'' ...

: from Turkish ''ayran'' ;

Akbash The Akbash ( tr, Akbaş), is a traditional Turkish breed or type of flock guardian dog from western Anatolia. The word ''akbaş'' means 'white head', and thus distinguishes this dog from the Karabaş, or 'black head'. It was recognised by t ...

: from Turkish ''akbaş'', literally "a whitehead" ;Akche: from Turkish '' akçe'', also ''asper'', an Ottoman monetary unit that consisted of small silver coins. ;Akhissar: from Turkish ''

Akhisar Akhisar ( ota, آق حصار) is a town and a district in Manisa Province; in the Aegean Region of western Turkey. Akhisar is also the ancient city of Thyatira (also known as ''Thyateira''). With archaeological findings that are proving settle ...

'', a city in

Manisa Province Manisa Province ( tr, ) is a province in western Turkey. Its neighboring provinces are İzmir to the west, Aydın to the south, Denizli to the southeast, Uşak to the east, Kütahya to the northeast, and Balıkesir to the north. The city of Ma ...

, Turkey near

İzmir İzmir ( , ; ), also spelled Izmir, is a metropolitan city in the western extremity of Anatolia, capital of the province of the same name. It is the third most populous city in Turkey, after Istanbul and Ankara and the second largest urban agglo ...

. A kind of heavy modern carpet made at Akhisar. ;Altay: from the Altai Mountains of

Central Asia Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...

, which is from Turkic- Mongolian ''altan'', meaning "golden". 1. the

Altai horse The Altai is a horse list of horse breeds, breed developed in the Altai Mountains of Central Asia. This is one of the most ancient horse breeds of Siberia. Characteristics The Altai has a head with a slightly Equine conformation#Conformation ...

2. the Altay sheep ;Altilik: from Turkish ''altılık''. A coin formerly used in Turkey, originally silver, equivalent to six piastres. ; Araba: (from ar, عربة ''ʿarabah'' or the Turkish loan form ''araba, arba or aroba''). A horse-driven carriage. ;Arnaut: from Turkish ''arnavut'', "an Albanian". An inhabitant of

Albania Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares ...

and neighboring mountainous regions, especially an Albanian serving in the Turkish army. ;Aslan: from Turkish ''Aslan'', "lion". ;Astrakhan: from ''

Astrakhan Astrakhan ( rus, Астрахань, p=ˈastrəxənʲ) is the largest city and administrative centre of Astrakhan Oblast in Southern Russia. The city lies on two banks of the Volga, in the upper part of the Volga Delta, on eleven islands of the ...

'', Russia, which is from

Tatar The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different

or Kazakh ''hadžitarkhan'', or As-tarxan (

tarkhan Tarkhan ( otk, 𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣, Tarqan, mn, or ; fa, ترخان; ; ar , طرخان; alternative spellings ''Tarkan'', ''Tarkhaan'', ''Tarqan'', ''Tarchan'', ''Turxan'', ''Tarcan'', ''Turgan, Tárkány, Tarján'') is an ancient Central Asia ...

of As or

Alans The Alans (Latin: ''Alani'') were an ancient and medieval Iranian nomadic pastoral people of the North Caucasus – generally regarded as part of the Sarmatians, and possibly related to the Massagetae. Modern historians have connected the Al ...

)

Karakul sheep Karakul or Qaraqul (named after Qorakoʻl, a city in Bukhara Region in Uzbekistan) is a breed of domestic sheep which originated in Central Asia. Some archaeological evidence points to Karakul sheep being raised there continuously since 1400 BC ...

of Russian origin or a cloth with a pile resembling karakul. ; Atabeg: from Turkic ''atabeg'', from ''ata'', "a father" + '' beg'' "a prince". ;Atabek: from Turkic, an alternative form of ''Atabeg''. ;Ataghan: from Turkish ''yatağan'', an alternative form of ''

yatagan The yatagan, yataghan or ataghan (from Turkish language, Turkish ''yatağan''), also called varsak, is a type of Ottoman Empire, Ottoman knife or short sabre used from the mid-16th to late 19th centuries. The yatagan was extensively used in Otto ...

''. ;

Ataman Ataman (variants: ''otaman'', ''wataman'', ''vataman''; Russian: атаман, uk, отаман) was a title of Cossack and haidamak leaders of various kinds. In the Russian Empire, the term was the official title of the supreme military comman ...

: from Russian, from South Turkic ''ataman'', "leader of an armed band" : ''ata'', "father" + ''-man'', augmentative suffix. ;

Aul An aul (; ce, oil; russian: аул) is a type of fortified village or town found throughout the Caucasus mountains and Central Asia. The word itself is of Turkic origin and simply means ''village'' in many Turkic languages. Auyl ( kk, Ауы� ...

: Russian, from the Tatar, Kyrgyz and Kazakh languages. ;

Ayran Ayran, doogh, dhallë, daw, xynogala or tan is a cold savory yogurt-based beverage popular across Western Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, Southeastern Europe, North Asia and Eastern Europe. The principal ingredients are yogurt, water and sa ...

: see Airan

B

; Bahadur: from

Hindi Hindi (Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been de ...

''bahādur'' "brave, brave person", from

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

, probably from Mongolian, cf.

Classical Mongolian Classical Mongolian was the literary language of Mongolian which was first introduced shortly after 1600, when Ligdan Khan set his clergy the task of translating the whole of the Tibetan Buddhist canon, consisting of the Kanjur and Tanjur, into M ...

''baγatur'', which is from Turkic, perhaps originally a Turkic personal name. ; Bairam: from Turkish ''bayram'', literally "a festival" ; Baklava: from Turkish ''baklava'' ; Balaclava: from

Balaklava Balaklava ( uk, Балаклáва, russian: Балаклáва, crh, Balıqlava, ) is a settlement on the Crimean Peninsula and part of the city of Sevastopol. It is an administrative center of Balaklava Raion that used to be part of the Cri ...

, village in the

Crimea Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a pop ...

, which is from Turkish ''balıklava''. A hoodlike knitted cap covering the head, neck, and part of the shoulders and worn especially by soldiers and mountaineers. ;

Balalaika The balalaika (russian: link=no, балала́йка, ) is a Russian stringed musical instrument with a characteristic triangular wooden, hollow body, fretted neck and three strings. Two strings are usually tuned to the same note and the thir ...

: from Russian ''balalaika'', of Turkic origin. ;

Balkan The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...

: from Turkish ''balkan'' "a mountain chain", relating to the states of the

Balkan Peninsula The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...

, or their peoples, languages, or cultures. ;

Bamia Bamia is a Middle Eastern, Assyrian, Armenian, Afghan, Kurdish, and Anatolian stew prepared using lamb, okra and tomatoes as primary ingredients.Claudia Roden, ''A New Book of Middle Eastern Food'', p. 248 Additional ingredients used include to ...

: from Turkish ''bamya''. ; Ban: from

Romanian Romanian may refer to: *anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania **Romanians, an ethnic group **Romanian language, a Romance language *** Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language ** Romanian cuisine, tradition ...

, from Serbo-Croatian ''ban'', "lord", which is from Turkic ''bayan'', "very rich person" : ''bay'', "rich" + ''-an'', intensive suff. ; Barbotte: from

Canadian French Canadian French (french: français canadien) is the French language as it is spoken in Canada. It includes Varieties of French#Canada, multiple varieties, the most prominent of which is Quebec French, Québécois (Quebec French). Formerly ''Can ...

''barbotte'', which is from Turkish ''barbut''. A dice game. ;

Barchan A barchan or barkhan dune (from Kazakh бархан ) is a crescent-shaped dune. The term was introduced in 1881 by Russian naturalist Alexander von Middendorf, based on their occurrence in Turkestan and other inland desert regions. Barchans ...

/Barkhan: from Russian, which is from Kirghiz ''barkhan''. A moving sand dune shaped like a crescent and found in several very dry regions of the world ;

Bashaw Bashaw may refer to: Places ;Canada *Bashaw, Alberta ** Bashaw Airport ;United States *Bashaw, Wisconsin, a town *Bashaw, Burnett County, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community *Bashaw Township, Brown County, Minnesota Others *Mose Bashaw (1889–1 ...

: from Turkish ''başa'', a variant of ''

pasha Pasha, Pacha or Paşa ( ota, پاشا; tr, paşa; sq, Pashë; ar, باشا), in older works sometimes anglicized as bashaw, was a higher rank in the Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignitar ...

'' ;

Bashi-bazouk A bashi-bazouk ( ota, باشی بوزوق , , , roughly "leaderless" or "disorderly") was an irregular soldier of the Ottoman army, raised in times of war. The army chiefly recruited Albanians and Circassians as bashi-bazouks, but recruits ...

: from Turkish ''başıbozuk'' ;

Bashlyk A bashlyk, also spelled bashlik ( krc, Başlıq, Adyghe: ''Shkharkhon,'' Abkhaz: ''qtarpá'', Chechen: ''Ċukkuiy,'' Ossetic: ''Kaskæ'' crh, Başlıq, Tatar: Başlıq, Turkish: Başlık; "baş" - head, "-lıq" (''Tatar'') / "-lık" (''Turki ...

: from Turkish ''başlık'', "a hood", from ''baş'', "a head" ; Batman: from Turkish ''batman''. Any of various old Persian or Turkish units of weight ; Beetewk: from Russian ''bityug'', ''bityuk'', which is from Turkic ''bitük'', akin to Chagatai ''bitü'', Uzbek ''bitäü''. A Russian breed of heavy draft horses. ; Beg: from Turkic ''beg'', an alternative form of ''

bey Bey ( ota, بك, beğ, script=Arab, tr, bey, az, bəy, tk, beg, uz, бек, kz, би/бек, tt-Cyrl, бәк, translit=bäk, cjs, пий/пек, sq, beu/bej, sh, beg, fa, بیگ, beyg/, tg, бек, ar, بك, bak, gr, μπέης) is ...

'' ;

Beglerbeg ''Beylerbey'' ( ota, بكلربكی, beylerbeyi, lit= bey of beys, meaning the 'commander of commanders' or 'lord of lords') was a high rank in the western Islamic world in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, from the Anatolian Selj ...

: from Turkish ''beylerbeyi'', a variant of ''

beylerbey ''Beylerbey'' ( ota, بكلربكی, beylerbeyi, lit=bey of beys, meaning the 'commander of commanders' or 'lord of lords') was a high rank in the western Islamic world in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, from the Anatolian Seljuks ...

'' ;

Begum Begum (also begüm, bagum, begom, begam, baigum or beygum) is a royal and aristocratic title from Central and South Asia. It is the feminine equivalent of the title ''baig'' or '' bey'', which in Turkic languages means "higher official". It us ...

: from

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
''

Behcet: from the name of Turkish scientist

Hulusi Behçet Hulusi Behçet (Ottoman Turkish: خلوصی بهجت), (; ; 20 February 1889 – 8 March 1948) was a Turkish dermatologist and scientist. He described a disease of inflamed blood vessels in 1937, which is named after him as Behçet's disease. H ...

, a multisystem, chronic recurrent disease. ;

Bektashi The Bektashi Order; sq, Tarikati Bektashi; tr, Bektaşi or Bektashism is an Islamic Sufi mystic movement originating in the 13th-century. It is named after the Anatolian saint Haji Bektash Wali (d. 1271). The community is currently led by ...

: from Turkish ''bektaşi'' ; Bergamot: from French ''bergamote'', from Italian ''bergamotta'', ultimately from Turkish ''bey armudu'', literally, "the

's pear" ;

Bey Bey ( ota, بك, beğ, script=Arab, tr, bey, az, bəy, tk, beg, uz, бек, kz, би/бек, tt-Cyrl, бәк, translit=bäk, cjs, пий/пек, sq, beu/bej, sh, beg, fa, بیگ, beyg/, tg, бек, ar, بك, bak, gr, μπέης) is ...

: from Turkish ''bey'' ;

Beylerbey ''Beylerbey'' ( ota, بكلربكی, beylerbeyi, lit=bey of beys, meaning the 'commander of commanders' or 'lord of lords') was a high rank in the western Islamic world in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, from the Anatolian Seljuks ...

: from Turkish ''beylerbeyi'' ;

lik: from Turkish ''beylik'' ;

Binbashi A ''binbashi'', alternatively ''bimbashi'', (from tr, Binbaşı, "chief of a thousand", "chiliarch") is a major in the Turkish army, of which term originated in the Ottoman army. The title was also used for a major in the Khedivial Egyptian a ...

: from Turkish ''binbaşı'', "chief of a thousand", ''bin'' "thousand" + ''bash'' "head". (Mil.) A major in the Turkish army. ;

Bogatyr A bogatyr ( rus, богатырь, p=bəɡɐˈtɨrʲ, a=Ru-богатырь.ogg) or vityaz ( rus, витязь, p=ˈvʲitʲɪsʲ) is a stock character in medieval East Slavic legends, akin to a Western European knight-errant. Bogatyrs appear m ...

: from Russian ''bogatyr'' "hero, athlete, warrior", from

Old Russian Old East Slavic (traditionally also Old Russian; be, старажытнаруская мова; russian: древнерусский язык; uk, давньоруська мова) was a language used during the 9th–15th centuries by East ...

''bogatyri'', of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish ''batur'' "brave" ; Borek: from Turkish ''börek'', ultimately from root ''bur-'', "twisted" ; Borunduk: from Russian ''burunduk'', which is from Mari ''uromdok'' or from Turkic ''burunduk''. A Siberian ground squirrel. ; Bosa or boza: from Turkish ''boza'', a

fermented drink This is a list of fermented foods, which are foods produced or preserved by the action of microorganisms. In this context, fermentation typically refers to the fermentation of sugar to alcohol using yeast, but other fermentation processes involv ...

; Bosh: from Turkish ''boş'', which means "nonsense, empty" ( Bosh on wiktionary) ;

Bostanji A bostanji (also spelled bostandji or bostangi; from tr, bostancı, literally "gardener""bostanji."
''W ...

: from Turkish ''bostancı'', literally "a gardener" ;

Bouzouki The bouzouki (, also ; el, μπουζούκι ; alt. pl. ''bouzoukia'', from Greek ), also spelled buzuki or buzuci, is a musical instrument popular in Greece. It is a member of the long-necked lute family, with a round body with a flat top and ...

: from modern

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

''mpouzoúki'', which is from Turkish ''bozuk'' "broken, ruined, depraved" or ''büzük'' "constricted, puckered". ; Boyar: from Russian ''boyarin'', from Old Russian ''boljarin'', from Turkic ''baylar'', plural of ''bay'', "rich"; akin to Turkish ''bay'', "rich, gentleman". ;

Bridge game Contract bridge, or simply bridge, is a trick-taking card game using a standard 52-card deck. In its basic format, it is played by four players in two competing partnerships, with partners sitting opposite each other around a table. Millions of ...

: the word came into English from the Russian word, ''

biritch Biritch (birich, biryuch russian: бирич, бирюч) in Ancient Rus was a herald, an announcer of the will of a '' knyaz'', sometimes kniaz's deputy in police or diplomatic affairs, or tax collector. A birich travelled to settlements, played bu ...

'', which in turn originates from a Turkic word for "

bugler The bugle is one of the simplest brass instruments, normally having no valves or other pitch-altering devices. All pitch control is done by varying the player's embouchure. History The bugle developed from early musical or communication i ...

" (in modern Turkish: ''borucu'', ''borazancı'') or might have come from a Turkish term ''bir, üç'', or "one, three" ;

Bugger ''Bugger'' or ''buggar'' can at times be considered as a mild swear word. In the United Kingdom the term has been used commonly to imply dissatisfaction, refer to someone or something whose behaviour is in some way inconvenient or perhaps as an ...

: from

Middle English Middle English (abbreviated to ME) is a form of the English language that was spoken after the Norman conquest of 1066, until the late 15th century. The English language underwent distinct variations and developments following the Old English p ...

''bougre'', "heretic", from

Old French Old French (, , ; Modern French: ) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France from approximately the 8th to the 14th centuries. Rather than a unified language, Old French was a linkage of Romance dialects, mutually intelligib ...

''boulgre'', from

Medieval Latin Medieval Latin was the form of Literary Latin used in Roman Catholic Western Europe during the Middle Ages. In this region it served as the primary written language, though local languages were also written to varying degrees. Latin functioned ...

''Bulgarus'', from

''Boulgaros'', "

Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...

n", probably ultimately from Turkic ''bulghar'', "of mixed origin, promiscuous" or "rebels", from ''bulgamaq'', "to mix, stir, stir up".The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language – Bulgar
/ref> ;Bulgar: from ''Bolgar'', ''Bolghar'', former kingdom on the

Volga The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the List of rivers of Europe#Rivers of Europe by length, longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Cas ...

river around

Kazan Kazan ( ; rus, Казань, p=kɐˈzanʲ; tt-Cyrl, Казан, ''Qazan'', IPA: ɑzan is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and the Kazanka rivers, covering a ...

(''see'' bugger). A

Russia leather Russia leather is a particular form of bark-tanned cow leather. It is distinguished from other types of leather by a processing step that takes place after tanning, where birch oil is worked into the rear face of the leather. This produces a leather ...

originally from

Bolgar Bolgar may refer to: People *Bolgars, a people of Central Asian origin * Bolgar language, the extinct language of the Bulgars * Bolgar languages *Bolgar Bagryanov, Bulgarian film director *Boyan Bolgar, Bulgarian writer *Hedda Bolgar (1909– ...

. ;

Bulgur Bulgur (from tr, bulgur, itself from fa, بلغور, bolġur (bolghur)/balġur (balghur), groats ), also riffoth (from biblical he, ריפות, riffoth) and burghul (from ar, برغل, burġul ), is a cracked wheat dish found ...

: from Turkish ''bulgur'', which means "pounded wheat" ; Buran: from Russian ''buran'', of Turkic origin, probably from

Tatar The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different

''buran'' ; Burka: from Russian, probably from ''buryi'' "dark brown (of a horse)", probably of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish ''bur'' "red like a fox"; the Turkic word probably from

''bor'' "reddish brown"; akin to

Sanskrit Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the northwest in the late ...

''babhru'' "reddish brown".

C

Wassilij Wassiljewitsch Wereschtschagin 001

;Cafeneh: from Turkish ''kahvane'', ''kahvehane'' "a coffee shop, café", from ''kahve'' "coffee" + ''hane'' "house" ;

Caïque A caïque ( el, καΐκι, ''kaiki'', from tr, kayık) is a traditional fishing boat usually found among the waters of the Ionian Sea, Ionian or Aegean Sea, and also a light skiff used on the Bosporus. It is traditionally a small wooden trading ...

: from Turkish ''kayık'' ;Caiquejee: alteration (influenced by ''caique'') of earlier ''caikjee'', from Turkish ''kayıkçı'', "a boatman" ; Calpack: from Turkish ''kalpak'' ;

Caracal The caracal (''Caracal caracal'') () is a medium-sized wild cat native to Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and arid areas of Pakistan and northwestern India. It is characterised by a robust build, long legs, a short face, long tufted e ...

: from Turkish ''karakulak'', which means "black ear" ;Caraco: from French, perhaps from Turkish ''kerrake'' "alpaca coat". A woman's short coat or jacket usually about waist length. ; Caracul: from Uzbek ''karakul'', an alteration of ''karakul'' ;

Caragana ''Caragana'' is a genus of about 80–100 species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, native to Asia and eastern Europe. They are shrubs or small trees growing tall. They have even-pinnate leaves with small leaflets, and solitary or clu ...

: from

New Latin New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy ...

, of Turkic origin; akin to Kirghiz ''karaghan'' "

Siberia Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a part of ...

n pea tree". ; Caramoussal: from Turkish ''karamürsel'', ''karamusal'', perhaps from ''kara'' "black" + ''mürsel'' "envoy, apostle" ;

Casaba A melon is any of various plants of the family Cucurbitaceae with sweet, edible, and fleshy fruit. The word "melon" can refer to either the plant or specifically to the fruit. Botanically, a melon is a kind of berry, specifically a " pepo". Th ...

: from Turkish ''Kasaba,'' a small town with 2.000 to 20.000 people in Turkey ;

Cassock The cassock or soutane is a Christian clerical clothing coat used by the clergy and male religious of the Oriental Orthodox Churches, Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church, in addition to some clergy in certain Protestant denomi ...

: from

Middle French Middle French (french: moyen français) is a historical division of the French language that covers the period from the 14th to the 16th century. It is a period of transition during which: * the French language became clearly distinguished from ...

''casaque'' "long coat", probably ultimately from Turkic ''quzzak'' "nomad, adventurer" (the source of

Cossack The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...

), an allusion to their typical riding coat. Or perhaps from Arabic ''kazagand'', from

''kazhagand'' "padded coat". ;

Cham Cham or CHAM may refer to: Ethnicities and languages *Chams, people in Vietnam and Cambodia **Cham language, the language of the Cham people ***Cham script *** Cham (Unicode block), a block of Unicode characters of the Cham script *Cham Albania ...

: from French, which is from Turkish ''khan'', "lord, prince" ;Chekmak: from Turkish, a Turkish fabric of silk and cotton, with gold thread interwoven. ;

Chelengk A chelengk ( ota, چـلنك; tr, çelenk; ) was a military decoration of the Ottoman Empire. Turkish military award Originally a ''çelenk'' was "a bird's feather which one attaches to the turban as a sign of bravery" but by the end of the 1 ...

: from Ottoman Turkish ''çelenk'', a bird's feather used as a sign of bravery ; Chiaus: from Turkish ''çavuş''. ;

Chibouk A chibouk (; french: chibouque; from the tr, çıbık, çubuk (English: "stick" from the Persian word choobak "چوبک" meaning small wooden stick) (Serbian: "Čibuk"); also romanized ''čopoq'', ''ciunoux'' or ''tchibouque'') is a very long-stem ...

: from Turkish ''çubuk''.Merriam-Webster Online – Chibouk
/ref> ;Choga: from Sindhi, of

Turko-Mongol The Turco-Mongol or Turko-Mongol tradition was an ethnocultural synthesis that arose in Asia during the 14th century, among the ruling elites of the Golden Horde and the Chagatai Khanate. The ruling Mongol elites of these Khanates eventually a ...

origin; akin to Turkish ''çuha'' "cloth". A long-sleeved long-skirted cloak for men worn mainly in

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

and

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

. ; Chouse: perhaps from Turkish ''çavuş'' "a doorkeeper, messenger" ;

Coffee Coffee is a drink prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulant, stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It is the most popular hot drink in the world. S ...

: from Ottoman Turkish ''kahve'' via Italian ''caffè'' ; Corsac: from Russian ''korsak'', from Kirghiz ''karsak'', "a small yellowish brown bushy-tailed fox" ;Cosaque: from French, literally, "Cossack", from Russian ''Kazak'' &

Ukrainian Ukrainian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Ukraine * Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe * Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine * So ...

''kozak'', which is from Turkic ''Kazak''. A cracker. ;

: from Turkic ''quzzaq'' which means "adventurer, guerilla, nomad" ( Cossack on wiktionary)

D

;Desemer: from German, from

Low German : : : : : (70,000) (30,000) (8,000) , familycolor = Indo-European , fam2 = Germanic , fam3 = West Germanic , fam4 = North Sea Germanic , ancestor = Old Saxon , ancestor2 = Middle L ...

, alteration of

Middle Low German Middle Low German or Middle Saxon (autonym: ''Sassisch'', i.e. " Saxon", Standard High German: ', Modern Dutch: ') is a developmental stage of Low German. It developed from the Old Saxon language in the Middle Ages and has been documented i ...

''bisemer'', ''besemer'', of

Baltic Baltic may refer to: Peoples and languages * Baltic languages, a subfamily of Indo-European languages, including Lithuanian, Latvian and extinct Old Prussian *Balts (or Baltic peoples), ethnic groups speaking the Baltic languages and/or originati ...

origin; akin to Lithuanian ''bezmnas'', of Slavic origin; akin to

Old East Slavic Old East Slavic (traditionally also Old Russian; be, старажытнаруская мова; russian: древнерусский язык; uk, давньоруська мова) was a language used during the 9th–15th centuries by East ...

''bezmenu'' "desemer, small weight", Polish ''bezmian'', ''przezmian'' "balance without pans", perhaps of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish ''batman'' "small weight". An ancient balance. ; Devshirmeh: from Turkish ''devşirme'', which means "gathering" ;

Dey Dey (Arabic: داي), from the Turkish honorific title ''dayı'', literally meaning uncle, was the title given to the rulers of the Regency of Algiers (Algeria), Tripoli,Bertarelli (1929), p. 203. and Tunis under the Ottoman Empire from 1671 o ...

: from Turkish ''dayı'', literally "a maternal uncle" ; Dolma: from Turkish ''dolma'', which means "filled" or "stuffed" ;

Dolman The somewhat vaguely defined term dolman (from Turkish ''dolaman'' "robe" ) can refer to various types of clothing, all of which have sleeves and cover the top part of the body, and sometimes more. Originally, the term ''dolaman'' referred to ...

: ultimately from Turkish ''dolaman'', a robe, from ''dolamak'' "to wind" ; Dolmus, also Dolmush: from Turkish ''dolmuş'', a share taxi ;

Domra The ''domra'' (Cyrillic: до́мра, ) is a long-necked Belarusian, Russian, and Ukrainian folk string instrument of the lute family with a round body and three or four metal strings. History The first known mention of domra is in ''Admonit ...

: from Kazakh ''dombra'', a musical instrument ;

Doner kebab Doner kebab (, ; tr, döner or , ), also spelled döner kebab, is a type of kebab, made of meat cooked on a vertical rotisserie. Seasoned meat stacked in the shape of an inverted cone is turned slowly on the rotisserie, next to a vertical co ...

: (

Canadian Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of ...

: ''donair'') from Turkish ''döner kebap'' ; Donmeh: from Turkish ''dönme'', which literally means "a convert" ;

Donum Donum may refer to: * Dunam or Donum, a unit of area * Regium Donum, funds for clergy * Gift in Latin {{disambig