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Boza
Boza, also bosa, is a fermented beverage originating from the Middle East and made in parts of Southeast Europe, Central and Western Asia, Caucasus and North Africa. It is a malt drink made by fermenting various grains: wheat or millet in Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, North Macedonia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina and barley in Ancient Egypt, maize (corn) and wheat in Turkey. It has a thick consistency, a low alcohol content (around 1%), and a slightly acidic sweet flavor. Etymology According to Turkish etymological dictionary and '' Nişanyan Sözlük'', ''boza'' is etymologically either Persian or Turkic in origin. The dictionary states that Persian ''būza'' or ''buχsum'' and Old Turkic ''buχsı'' or ''buχsum'' are cognates, yet it is unclear from which language it was ultimately derived and which one took it as a loanword. Francis Joseph Steingass says it is Persian and Ármin Vámbéry says it is an ancient Turkish word found in ''Kutadgu Bilig''. The oldest writte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boza Bg
Boza, also bosa, is a fermented beverage originating from the Middle East and made in parts of Southeast Europe, Central and Western Asia, Caucasus and North Africa. It is a malt drink made by fermenting various grains: wheat or millet in Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, North Macedonia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina and barley in Ancient Egypt, maize (corn) and wheat in Turkey. It has a thick consistency, a low alcohol content (around 1%), and a slightly acidic sweet flavor. Etymology According to Turkish etymological dictionary and '' Nişanyan Sözlük'', ''boza'' is etymologically either Persian or Turkic in origin. The dictionary states that Persian ''būza'' or ''buχsum'' and Old Turkic ''buχsı'' or ''buχsum'' are cognates, yet it is unclear from which language it was ultimately derived and which one took it as a loanword. Francis Joseph Steingass says it is Persian and Ármin Vámbéry says it is an ancient Turkish word found in ''Kutadgu Bilig''. The oldest wri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boza
Boza, also bosa, is a fermented beverage originating from the Middle East and made in parts of Southeast Europe, Central and Western Asia, Caucasus and North Africa. It is a malt drink made by fermenting various grains: wheat or millet in Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, North Macedonia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina and barley in Ancient Egypt, maize (corn) and wheat in Turkey. It has a thick consistency, a low alcohol content (around 1%), and a slightly acidic sweet flavor. Etymology According to Turkish etymological dictionary and '' Nişanyan Sözlük'', ''boza'' is etymologically either Persian or Turkic in origin. The dictionary states that Persian ''būza'' or ''buχsum'' and Old Turkic ''buχsı'' or ''buχsum'' are cognates, yet it is unclear from which language it was ultimately derived and which one took it as a loanword. Francis Joseph Steingass says it is Persian and Ármin Vámbéry says it is an ancient Turkish word found in ''Kutadgu Bilig''. The oldest writte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boza And Boem šnita In Sarajevo
Boza, also bosa, is a fermented beverage originating from the Middle East and made in parts of Southeast Europe, Central Asia, Central and Western Asia, Caucasus and North Africa. It is a malt drink made by fermenting various grains: wheat or millet in Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, North Macedonia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina and barley in Ancient Egypt, maize (corn) and wheat in Turkey. It has a thick consistency, a low alcohol content (around 1%), and a slightly acidic sweet flavor. Etymology According to Turkish etymological dictionary and ''Sevan Nişanyan, Nişanyan Sözlük'', ''boza'' is etymologically either Persian language, Persian or Turkic languages, Turkic in origin. The dictionary states that Persian ''būza'' or ''buχsum'' and Old Turkic ''buχsı'' or ''buχsum'' are Cognate, cognates, yet it is unclear from which language it was ultimately derived and which one took it as a loanword. Francis Joseph Steingass says it is Persian and Ármin Vámbéry says it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fermented Beverage
This is a list of fermented foods, which are foods produced or preserved by the action of microorganisms. In this context, fermentation typically refers to the fermentation of sugar to alcohol using yeast, but other fermentation processes involve the use of bacteria such as lactobacillus, including the making of foods such as yogurt and sauerkraut. Many fermented foods are mass produced using industrial fermentation processes. The science of fermentation is known as zymology. Many pickled or soured foods are fermented as part of the pickling or souring process, but many are simply processed with brine, vinegar, or another acid such as lemon juice. __TOC__ Fermented foods Fermented beans and seeds Fermented cheeses Most cheeses (all but fresh cheeses) are fermented as part of their production. Fermented condiments Fermented creams and yogurts Fermented grains and grain-based foods Fermented fruits and vegetables Fermented meat and seafood ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xenophon
Xenophon of Athens (; grc, wikt:Ξενοφῶν, Ξενοφῶν ; – probably 355 or 354 BC) was a Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian, born in Athens. At the age of 30, Xenophon was elected commander of one of the biggest Ancient Greek mercenaries, Greek mercenary armies of the Achaemenid Empire, the Ten Thousand, that marched on and came close to capturing Babylon in 401 BC. As the military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge wrote, "the centuries since have devised nothing to surpass the genius of this warrior". Xenophon established precedents for many logistical operations, and was among the first to describe strategic flanking maneuvers and feints in combat. Xenophon's ''Anabasis (Xenophon), Anabasis'' recounts his adventures with the Ten Thousand while in the service of Cyrus the Younger, Cyrus's failed campaign to claim the Persian throne from Artaxerxes II of Persia, and the return of Greek mercenaries after Cyrus's death in the Battle of Cunaxa. ''Anabasis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia ''Mesopotamíā''; ar, بِلَاد ٱلرَّافِدَيْن or ; syc, ܐܪܡ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ, or , ) is a historical region of Western Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent. Today, Mesopotamia occupies modern Iraq. In the broader sense, the historical region included present-day Iraq and Kuwait and parts of present-day Iran, Syria and Turkey. The Sumerians and Akkadians (including Assyrians and Babylonians) originating from different areas in present-day Iraq, dominated Mesopotamia from the beginning of written history () to the fall of Babylon in 539 BC, when it was conquered by the Achaemenid Empire. It fell to Alexander the Great in 332 BC, and after his death, it became part of the Greek Seleucid Empire. Later the Arameans dominated major parts of Mesopotamia (). Mesopotamia is the site of the earliest developments of the Neolithic Revolution from around 10,000 BC. It has been identi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatolia
Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The region is bounded by the Turkish Straits to the northwest, the Black Sea to the north, the Armenian Highlands to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the west. The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean seas through the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the Balkan peninsula of Southeast Europe. The eastern border of Anatolia has been held to be a line between the Gulf of Alexandretta and the Black Sea, bounded by the Armenian Highlands to the east and Mesopotamia to the southeast. By this definition Anatolia comprises approximately the western two-thirds of the Asian part of Turkey. Today, Anatolia is sometimes considered to be synonymous with Asian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kitab Al-'idrak Li-lisan Al-'atrak , or ''kitāb''
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Kitab ( ar, کتاب, link=no, ''kitāb''), also transcribed kitaab, is the Arabic, Turkic, Urdu, Hindi and in various Indian Languages word for "book". * ''Kitaab'', a 1977 Hindi language movie * ''Kithaab'' (also written ''Kitab''), a 2018 Malayalam language play * ''Kitab'', the Russian name for Kitob, a city in Uzbekistan See also * K-T-B, a Semitic word triconsonantal root * Khitab, a town in northwestern Syria * Kitab-Verlag, a publishing house in Klagenfurt, Austria * Mus'haf A muṣḥaf ( ar, مُصْحَفْ, ; plural ''maṣāḥif'') is an Arabic word for a codex or collection of sheets, but also refers to a written copy of the Quran. The chapters of the Quran, which Muslims believe was revealed during a 23-year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kypchak Turkic
The Kipchak languages (also known as the Kypchak, Qypchaq, Qypshaq or the Northwestern Turkic languages) are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family spoken by approximately 28 million people in much of Central Asia and Eastern Europe, spanning from Ukraine to China. Some of the most widely spoken languages in this group are Kazakh, Kyrgyz and Tatar. Linguistic features The Kipchak languages share a number of features that have led linguists to classify them together. Some of these features are shared with other Common Turkic languages; others are unique to the Kipchak family. Shared features *Change of Proto-Turkic *d to (e.g. *''hadaq'' > ''ajaq'' "foot") *Loss of initial *h (preserved only in Khalaj), see above example Unique features Family-specific *Extensive labial vowel harmony (e.g. ''olor'' vs. ''olar'' "them") *Frequent fortition (in the form of assibilation) of initial (e.g. ''*etti'' > ''etti'' "seven") * Diphthongs from syllable-final and (e.g. *''taɡ'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Hayyan Al-Gharnati
Abū Ḥayyān Athīr ad-Dīn al-Gharnāṭī ( ar, أَبُو حَيَّان أَثِير ٱلدِّين ٱلْغَرْنَاطِيّ, November 1256 – July 1344 CE / 654 - 745 AH), whose full name is Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf bin ‘Alī ibn Yūsuf ibn Hayyān ( ar, مُحَمَّد ٱبْن يُوسُف ٱبْن عَلِيّ ٱبْن يُوسُف ٱبْن حَيَّان), sometimes called Ibn Hayyan, was a celebrated commentator on the Quran and foremost Arabic grammarian of his era.S. Glazer,Abu Ḥayyān At̲h̲īr al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Yūsuf al-G̲h̲arnāṭī Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online, 2012. Reference. 29 December 2012.Alexander D. Knysh, ''Ibn Arabi in the Later Islamic Tradition''. Pg. 168. State University of New York Press: Albany, 1999. His magnum opus ''Tafsir al-Bahr al-Muhit'' (Explanation of the Ocean) is the most important reference on Qur'anic expressions and the issues of grammar, vocabulary, etymology and the transcriber-copyists of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmud Al-Kashgari
Mahmud ibn Husayn ibn Muhammed al-Kashgari, ''Maḥmūd ibnu 'l-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad al-Kāšġarī'', , tr, Kaşgarlı Mahmûd, ug, مەھمۇد قەشقىرى, ''Mehmud Qeshqiri'' / Мәһмуд Қәшқири uz, Mahmud Qashg'ariy / Махмуд Қашғарий was an 11th-century Kara-Khanid scholar and Lexicography, lexicographer of the Turkic languages from Kashgar. His father, Husayn, was the mayor of Barskon, Barsgan, a town in the southeastern part of the lake of Issyk-Kul (nowadays village of Barskoon in Northern Kyrgyzstan's Issyk-Kul Region) and related to the ruling dynasty of Kara-Khanid Khanate. Work Al-Kashgari studied the Turkic languages of his time and in Baghdad he compiled the first comprehensive dictionary of Turkic languages, the ' (English: "Compendium of the languages of the Turks") in 1072–74. It was intended for use by the Caliphate#Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517), Abbasid Caliphate, the new Arabs, Arab allies of the Turks. Mahmud Kashgari' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dīwān Lughāt Al-Turk
The ' ( ar, ديوان لغات الترك, lit=Compendium of the languages of the Turks) is the first comprehensive dictionary of Turkic languages, compiled in 1072–74 by the Turkic scholar Mahmud Kashgari who extensively studied the Turkic languages of his time.Kemal H. Karpat, ''Studies on Turkish Politics and Society:Selected Articles and Essays'', (Brill, 2004), 441. Importance Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk was intended for use by the Caliphs of Baghdad, who were controlled by the Seljuk Turks. It has a map that shows countries and regions from Japan to Egypt. The book also included the first known map of the areas inhabited by Turkic peoples. The compendium documented evidence of Turkic migration and the expansion of the Turkic tribes and Turkic languages into Central Asia, Eastern Europe and West Asia, mainly between the 6th and 11th centuries. The region of origin of the Turkic people is suggested to be somewhere in Siberia and Mongolia. By the 10th century most of Central ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
