Pashalic
Eyalets (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت, , English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. From Fall of Constantinople, 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman local government was loosely structured. The empire was at first divided into states called eyalets, presided over by a beylerbey (Imperial, royal and noble ranks, title equivalent to duke in Turkish language, Turkish) of three tails (feathers borne on a state officer's ceremonial staff). The grand vizier was responsible for nominating all the high officers of State, both in the capital and the states. Between 1861 and 1866, these eyalets were abolished, and the territory was divided for administrative purposes into vilayets (provinces). The eyalets were subdivided into districts called Sanjak, livas or sanjaks, each of which was under the charge of a pasha of one tail, with the title of mira-lira, or sanjak-bey. These provinces wer ...
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Cedid Atlas (Middle East) 1803
''Cedid Atlas'' ( ota, جديد اطلس; or اطلسِ جديد, ''Atlas-ı Cedid'') is the first translation of the atlas in the Muslim world, printed and published in 1803 in Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire. The full title of the atlas reads as ''Cedid Atlas Tercümesi'' (meaning, literally, ''"A Translation of a New Atlas"'') and in most libraries outside Turkey, it is recorded and referenced accordingly. Although manuscripts and hand-drawn maps were widely available, the ''Cedid Atlas'' could only be published in 1803 by Müderris Abdurrahman Efendi in a style based on European sources. History The ''Cedid Atlas'' is the first translation of the atlas in the Muslim world, printed and published in 1803 in Constantinople, then the capital of the Ottoman Empire.First Printed Atlas in the Muslim ...
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