This is a list of names for observable phenomena that contain the word “effect”, amplified by reference(s) to their respective fields of study.

A

Abscopal effect The abscopal effect is a hypothesis in the treatment of metastatic cancer whereby shrinkage of untreated tumors occurs concurrently with shrinkage of tumors within the scope of the localized treatment. R.H. Mole proposed the term “abscopal” (� ...

(cancer treatments) (immune system) (medical treatments) (radiation therapy) *

Accelerator effect The accelerator effect in economics is a positive effect on private fixed investment of the growth of the market economy (measured e.g. by a change in Gross Domestic Product). Rising GDP (an economic boom or prosperity) implies that businesses in g ...

(economics) *

Accordion effect In physics, the accordion effect, also known as the slinky effect, concertina effect, elastic band effect, and string instability, occurs when fluctuations in the motion of a travelling body causes disruptions in the flow of elements following it. ...

(physics) (waves) *

Acousto-optic effect Acousto-optics is a branch of physics that studies the interactions between sound waves and light waves, especially the diffraction of laser light by ultrasound (or sound in general) through an ultrasonic grating. Introduction Optics has had a ...

(nonlinear optics) (waves) *

Additive genetic effects Additive genetic effects occur when two or more genes source a single contribution to the final phenotype, or when alleles of a single gene (in heterozygotes) combine so that their combined effects equal the sum of their individual effects. Non-ad ...

(genetics) *

Aharonov–Bohm effect The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic potential (φ, A), despite being confine ...

(quantum mechanics) * Al Jazeera effect (Al Jazeera) (media issues) *

Alienation effect The distancing effect, also translated as alienation effect (german: Verfremdungseffekt or ''V-Effekt''), is a concept in performing arts credited to German playwright Bertolt Brecht. Brecht first used the term in his essay "Alienation Effects in ...

(acting techniques) (Bertolt Brecht theories and techniques) (film theory) (metafictional techniques) (theatre) * Allais effect (fringe physics) *

Allee effect The Allee effect is a phenomenon in biology characterized by a correlation between population size or density and the mean individual fitness (often measured as ''per capita'' population growth rate) of a population or species. History and backgro ...

(biology) *

Ambiguity effect The ambiguity effect is a cognitive bias where decision making is affected by a lack of information, or "ambiguity". The effect implies that people tend to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option ...

(cognitive biases) *

Anrep effect The Anrep effect is an autoregulation method in which myocardial contractility increases with afterload. It was experimentally determined that increasing afterload caused a proportional linear increase in ventricular inotropy. This effect is fou ...

(cardiology) (medicine) *

Antenna effect The antenna effect, more formally plasma induced gate oxide damage, is an effect that can potentially cause yield and reliability problems during the manufacture of MOS integrated circuits. Factories (''fabs'') normally supply antenna rules, wh ...

(digital electronics) (electronic design automation) *

Anti-greenhouse effect The anti-greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when energy from a Celestial object, celestial object's sun is absorbed or scattered by the object's upper atmosphere, preventing that energy from reaching the surface, which results in surface co ...

(atmospheric dynamics) (atmospheric science) (astronomy) (planetary atmospheres) *

Askaryan effect The Askaryan radiation also known as Askaryan effect is the phenomenon whereby a particle traveling faster than the phase velocity of light in a dense dielectric (such as salt, ice or the lunar regolith) produces a shower of secondary charged par ...

(particle physics) *

Asymmetric blade effect P-factor, also known as asymmetric blade effect and asymmetric disc effect, is an aerodynamic phenomenon experienced by a moving propeller,) where the propeller's center of thrust moves off-center when the aircraft is at a high angle of attac ...

(aerodynamics) *

Audience effect Social facilitation is a social phenomenon in which being in the presence of others improves individual task performance. That is, people do better on tasks when they are with other people rather than when they are doing the task alone. Situation ...

(psychology) (social psychology) *

Auger effect The Auger effect or Auger−Meitner effect is a physical phenomenon in which the filling of an inner-shell vacancy of an atom is accompanied by the emission of an electron from the same atom. When a core electron is removed, leaving a vacancy, an ...

(atomic physics) (foundational quantum physics) * Aureole effect (atmospheric optical phenomena) (scientific terminology) *

Autler–Townes effect In spectroscopy, the Autler–Townes effect (also known as AC Stark effect), is a dynamical Stark effect corresponding to the case when an oscillating electric field (e.g., that of a laser) is tuned in resonance (or close) to the transition frequen ...

(atomic, molecular, and optical physics) (atomic physics) (quantum optics) *

Autokinetic effect The autokinetic effect (also referred to as autokinesis and the autokinetic illusion) is a phenomenon of visual perception in which a stationary, small point of light in an otherwise dark or featureless environment appears to move. It was first re ...

(vision) *

Avalanche effect In cryptography, the avalanche effect is the desirable property of cryptographic algorithms, typically block ciphers and cryptographic hash functions, wherein if an input is changed slightly (for example, flipping a single bit), the output changes ...

(cryptography) *

Averch–Johnson effect The Averch–Johnson effect is the tendency of regulated companies to engage in excessive amounts of capital accumulation in order to expand the volume of their profits. If companies' profits to capital ratio is regulated at a certain percentage ...

(economics)

B

Baader-Meinhof effect Frequency illusion, also known as the Baader–Meinhof phenomenon or frequency bias, is a cognitive bias in which, after noticing something for the first time, there is a tendency to notice it more often, leading someone to believe that it has an ...

/ Baader-Meinhof phenomenon (psychology) *

Balassa–Samuelson effect The Balassa–Samuelson effect, also known as Harrod–Balassa–Samuelson effect (Kravis and Lipsey 1983), the Ricardo–Viner–Harrod–Balassa–Samuelson–Penn–Bhagwati effect (Samuelson 1994, p. 201), or productivity biased purchasi ...

(economics) *

Baldwin effect In evolutionary biology, the Baldwin effect, a phenotype-first theory of evolution, describes the effect of learned behaviour on evolution. James Mark Baldwin and others suggested during the eclipse of Darwinism in the late 19th century that an ...

(evolutionary biology) (selection) *

Balloon-carried light effect A balloon-carried light effect is a special effect carried by a balloon, which can be fixed with a rope to the ground or free-flying. They are commonly misidentified as "Unidentified Flying Objects" by members of public. Uses Balloon-carried li ...

(balloons) (culture) (entertainment) *

Bambi effect The "Bambi effect" is an objection against the killing of animals that are perceived as "cute" or "adorable", such as deer, while there may be little or no objection to the suffering of animals that are perceived as somehow repulsive or less than ...

(hunting) (psychology stubs) *

Bandwagon effect The bandwagon effect is the tendency for people to adopt certain behaviors, styles, or attitudes simply because others are doing so. More specifically, it is a cognitive bias by which public opinion or behaviours can alter due to particular acti ...

(cognitive biases) (crowd psychology) (economics effects) (metaphors) (propaganda techniques) * Bank effect (marine propulsion) (nautical terms) (water) *

Barkhausen effect The Barkhausen effect is a name given to the noise in the magnetic output of a ferromagnet when the magnetizing force applied to it is changed. Discovered by German physicist Heinrich Barkhausen in 1919, it is caused by rapid changes of size o ...

(condensed matter) (magnetism) *

Barnett effect The Barnett effect is the magnetization of an uncharged body when spun on its axis. It was discovered by American physicist Samuel Barnett in 1915. An uncharged object rotating with angular velocity tends to spontaneously magnetize, with a magn ...

(condensed matter) (magnetism) *

Barnum effect The Barnum effect, also called the Forer effect or, less commonly, the Barnum–Forer effect, is a common psychological phenomenon whereby individuals give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored ...

(psychology) *

Baskerville effect The Baskerville effect, or the Hound of the Baskervilles effect, is the alleged self-fulfilling prophecy that there is an increase in rate of mortality through heart attacks on days considered unlucky because of the psychological stress this causes ...

(cardiology) *

Bauschinger effect The Bauschinger effect refers to a property of materials where the material's stress/strain characteristics change as a result of the microscopic stress distribution of the material. For example, an increase in tensile yield strength occurs at the ...

(classical mechanics) (materials science) * Beaujolais effect (Ada programming language) *

Ben Franklin effect The Ben Franklin effect is a proposed psychological phenomenon: people like someone more after doing a favour for them. An explanation for this is cognitive dissonance. People reason that they help others because they like them, even if they do n ...

(emotion) (psychology) *

Bernoulli effect In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. The principle is named after the Swiss mathemat ...

(equations) (fluid dynamics) (wind power) *

Beta-silicon effect The beta-silicon effect also called silicon hyperconjugation in organosilicon chemistry is a special type of hyperconjugation that describes the stabilizing influence of a silicon atom on the development of positive charge at a carbon atom one posi ...

(physical organic chemistry) * Bezold effect (optical illusions) (psychological theories) * Bezold–Brücke effect (optical illusions) * Biefeld–Brown effect (physical phenomena) (propulsion) * Big-fish–little-pond effect (educational psychology) (pedagogy) *

Birthday-number effect 300px, Abu Simbel temples, in Egypt, where the Sun is perpendicular to the face of the statue of Pharaoh on his birthday.">Egypt.html" ;"title="Abu Simbel temples, in Egypt">Abu Simbel temples, in Egypt, where the Sun is perpendicular to the fa ...

(psychology) *

Black drop effect The black drop effect is an optical phenomenon visible during a transit of Venus and, to a lesser extent, a transit of Mercury. Description Just after astronomical transit#Contacts, second contact, and again just before astronomical transit#Con ...

(astronomical transits) *

Blazhko effect The Blazhko effect, which is sometimes called long-period modulation, is a variation in period and amplitude in RR Lyrae type variable stars. It was first observed by Sergey Blazhko in 1907 in the star RW Draconis. The physics behind the Blazhko ...

(astronomy) * Blocking effect (psychology) * Bloom (shader effect) (3D computer graphics) (demo effects) * Bohr effect (hematology) (hemoproteins) (respiratory physiology) *

Boomerang effect (psychology) In social psychology, the boomerang effect, also known as " reactance", refers to the unintended consequences of an attempt to persuade resulting in the adoption of an opposing position instead. It is sometimes also referred to "the theory of psy ...

(social psychology) (psychology) *

Bouba/kiki effect The bouba/kiki effect is a non-arbitrary mapping between speech sounds and the visual shape of objects. It was first documented by Wolfgang Köhler in 1929 using nonsense words. The effect has been observed in American university students, Tamil ...

(cognitive science) *

Bowditch effect The Bowditch effect, also known as the Treppe phenomenon and the Treppe effect, is an autoregulation method by which myocardial tension increases with an increase in heart rate. It was first observed by Henry Pickering Bowditch in 1871. Mechanis ...

(medicine) *

Bradley effect The Bradley effect (less commonly the Wilder effect) is a theory concerning observed discrepancies between voter opinion polls and election outcomes in some United States government elections where a white candidate and a non-white candidate run ...

(American political terms) (elections in the United States) (political history of the United States) (political neologisms) (politics and race) (polling) (psephology) (racism) *

Bridgman effect The Bridgman effect (named after P. W. Bridgman), also called the internal Peltier effect, is a phenomenon that occurs when an electric current passes through an anisotropic crystal – there is an absorption or liberation of heat In thermod ...

(electricity) (electromagnetism) *

Brookings effect Brookings is a city in Curry County, Oregon, United States. It was named after John E. Brookings, president of the Brookings Lumber and Box Company, which founded the city in 1908. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,744. History F ...

(atmospheric science) (Curry County, Oregon) (Oregon coast) (Oregon geography) (winds) *

Brown Willy effect The Brown Willy effect is a particular example of a meteorological phenomenon known as peninsular convergence, which sometimes occurs in the south-west of Great Britain. It leads to heavy showers developing over the high ground of Bodmin Moor in ...

(geography of Cornwall) (mesoscale meteorology) *

Bruce effect The Bruce effect, or pregnancy block, is the tendency for female rodents to terminate their pregnancies following exposure to the scent of an unfamiliar male. The effect was first noted in 1959 by Hilda M. Bruce, and has primarily been studied i ...

(reproduction) *

Bullwhip effect The bullwhip effect is a supply chain phenomenon where orders to suppliers tend to have a larger variability than sales to buyers, which results in an amplified demand variability upstream. In part, this results in increasing swings in inventory ...

(distribution, retailing, and wholesaling) * Butterfly effect (chaos theory) (physical phenomena) (stability theory) *

Bystander effect The bystander effect, or bystander apathy, is a social psychological theory that states that individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when there are other people present. First proposed in 1964, much research, mostly in the lab, has ...

(crowd psychology) (social phenomena) *

Bystander effect (radiobiology) The radiation-induced bystander effect (bystander effect) is the phenomenon in which unirradiated cells exhibit irradiated effects as a result of signals received from nearby irradiated cells. In November 1992, Hatsumi Nagasawa and John B. Little f ...

(radiobiology)

C

Cage effect (chemistry) In chemistry, the cage effect (also known as geminate recombination) describes how the properties of a molecule are affected by its surroundings. First introduced by Franck and Rabinowitch in 1934, the cage effect suggests that instead of acting ...

Calendar effect A calendar effect (or calendar anomaly) is any market anomaly, different behaviour of stock markets, or economic effect which appears to be related to the calendar, such as the day of the week, time of the month, time of the year, time within the ...

(behavioral finance) (market trends) *

Callendar effect Guy Stewart Callendar (; 9 February 1898 – 3 October 1964) was an English steam engineer and inventor. His main contribution to human knowledge was developing the theory that linked rising carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere to glob ...

(atmospheric science) (climate) (climate change) * Captodative effect (organic chemistry) * Capture effect (broadcast engineering) (radio) (radio communications/) (telecommunications) (wireless communications) * Carnoustie effect (golf) (golf terminology) *

Carryover effect The carryover effect is a term used in clinical chemistry to describe the transfer of unwanted material from one container or mixture to another. It describes the influence of one sample upon the following one. It may be from a specimen, or a reag ...

(cooking techniques) (food and drink) *

Cascade effect (ecology) An ecological cascade effect is a series of secondary extinctions that are triggered by the primary extinction of a key species in an ecosystem. Secondary extinctions are likely to occur when the threatened species are: dependent on a few specif ...

Cascade effect A cascade effect is an inevitable and sometimes unforeseen chain of events due to an act affecting a system. If there is a possibility that the cascade effect will have a negative impact on the system, it is possible to analyze the effects with a ...

(spaceflight) *

Casimir effect In quantum field theory, the Casimir effect is a physical force acting on the macroscopic boundaries of a confined space which arises from the quantum fluctuations of the field. It is named after the Dutch physicist Hendrik Casimir, who pr ...

(quantum field theory) (physical phenomena) *

Castle thunder (sound effect) Castle thunder is a sound effect that consists of the sound of a loud thunderclap during a rainstorm. It was originally recorded for the 1931 film ''Frankenstein'', and has since been used in dozens of films, television programs, and commercials. ...

(in-jokes) (sound effects) * Catapult effect (electromagnetism) *

Catch-up effect The idea of convergence in economics (also sometimes known as the catch-up effect) is the hypothesis that poorer economies' per capita incomes will tend to grow at faster rates than richer economies, and in the Solow-Swan growth model, economic g ...

(economics effects) * Catfish effect (human resource management) (management) (organizational studies and human resource management) (social psychology) * Cause and effect * Ceiling effect (medical treatment) (statistics) * Channel capture effect (ethernet) (network topology) * Cheerio effect (fluid mechanics) (physics) * Cherenkov effect (experimental particle physics) (fundamental physics concepts) (particle physics) (special relativity) *

Chilling effect (law) In a legal context, a chilling effect is the inhibition or discouragement of the legitimate exercise of natural and legal rights by the threat of legal sanction. A chilling effect may be caused by legal actions such as the passing of a law, the ...

(censorship) (freedom of expression) (American legal terms) *

Chimney effect The stack effect or chimney effect is the movement of air into and out of buildings through unsealed openings, chimneys, flue-gas stacks, or other containers, resulting from air buoyancy. Buoyancy occurs due to a difference in indoor-to-outdoor ...

Chorus effect Chorus (or chorusing, choruser or chorused effect) is an audio effect that occurs when individual sounds with approximately the same time, and very similar pitches, converge. While similar sounds coming from multiple sources can occur naturally, ...

(audio effects) (audio engineering) (effects units) (sound recording) * Christiansen effect (optical filters) * Christofilos effect (particle physics) *

Cinderella effect In evolutionary psychology, the Cinderella effect is the phenomenon of higher incidence of different forms of child abuse and mistreatment by stepparents than by biological parents. It takes its name from the fairy tale character Cinderella, whi ...

(child abuse) *

Cis effect In inorganic chemistry, the cis effect is defined as the labilization (or destabilization) of CO ligands that are ''cis'' to other ligands. CO is a well-known strong pi-accepting ligand in organometallic chemistry that will labilize in the ''cis' ...

(inorganic chemistry) *

Clientele effect The clientele effect is the idea that the set of investors attracted to a particular kind of security will affect the price A price is the (usually not negative) quantity of payment or compensation given by one party to another in retur ...

(economics) (finance) *

Cluster effect A business cluster is a geographic concentration of interconnected businesses, suppliers, and associated institutions in a particular field. Clusters are considered to increase the productivity with which companies can compete, nationally and gl ...

(economics effects) *

CNN effect CNN (Cable News Network) is a multinational cable news channel headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by t ...

(civil–military relations) (CNN) (news media) (warfare of the modern era) *

Coandă effect The Coandă effect ( or ) is the tendency of a fluid jet to stay attached to a convex surface. ''Merriam-Webster'' describes it as "the tendency of a jet of fluid emerging from an orifice to follow an adjacent flat or curved surface and to ent ...

(aerodynamics) (boundary layers) (physical phenomena) *

Coattail effect The coattail effect or down-ballot effect is the tendency for a popular political party leader to attract votes for other candidates of the same party in an election. For example, in the United States, the party of a victorious presidential cand ...

(political terms) *

Cobra effect A perverse incentive is an incentive that has an unintended and undesirable result that is contrary to the intentions of its designers. The cobra effect is the most direct kind of perverse incentive, typically because the incentive unintentionall ...

(Economics) *

Cocktail party effect The cocktail party effect is the phenomenon of the brain's ability to focus one's auditory attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli, such as when a partygoer can focus on a single conversation in a noisy room ...

(acoustical signal processing) (attention) *

Cohort effect The term cohort effect is used in social science to describe variations in the characteristics of an area of study (such as the incidence of a characteristic or the age at onset) over time among individuals who are defined by some shared temporal ex ...

Common-ion effect The common-ion effect refers to the decrease in solubility of an ionic precipitate by the addition to the solution of a soluble compound with an ion in common with the precipitate. This behaviour is a consequence of Le Chatelier's principle for the ...

(ions) (physical chemistry) *

Compton effect Compton scattering, discovered by Arthur Holly Compton, is the scattering of a high frequency photon after an interaction with a charged particle, usually an electron. If it results in a decrease in energy (increase in wavelength) of the photon ...

(astrophysics) (atomic physics) (foundational quantum physics) (observational astronomy) (quantum electrodynamics) (X-rays) *

Contrast effect A contrast effect is the enhancement or diminishment, relative to normal, of perception, cognition or related performance as a result of successive (immediately previous) or simultaneous exposure to a stimulus of lesser or greater value in the sa ...

(cognition) (cognitive biases) (perception) (vision) *

Coolidge effect The Coolidge effect is a biological phenomenon seen in animals, whereby males exhibit renewed sexual interest whenever a new female is introduced, even after sex with prior but still available sexual partners. To a lesser extent, the effect is also ...

(jokes) (sexual attraction) *

Coriolis effect In physics, the Coriolis force is an inertial or fictitious force that acts on objects in motion within a frame of reference that rotates with respect to an inertial frame. In a reference frame with clockwise rotation, the force acts to the ...

(atmospheric dynamics) (classical mechanics) (force) (physical phenomena) (urban legends) *

Cotton effect The Cotton effect in physics, is the characteristic change in optical rotatory dispersion and/or circular dichroism in the vicinity of an absorption band of a substance. In a wavelength region where the light is absorbed, the absolute magnitude o ...

(atomic, molecular, and optical physics) (polarization) *

Cotton–Mouton effect In physical optics, the Cotton–Mouton effect is the birefringence in a liquid in the presence of a constant transverse magnetic field. It is a similar but stronger effect than the Voigt effect (in which the medium is a gas instead of a liquid ...

(magnetism) (optics) *

Crabtree effect The Crabtree effect, named after the English biochemist Herbert Grace Crabtree, describes the phenomenon whereby the yeast, ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'', produces ethanol (alcohol) in aerobic conditions at high external glucose concentrations rath ...

(biochemistry) *

Cross-race effect The cross-race effect (sometimes called cross-race bias, other-race bias, own-race bias or other-race effect) is the tendency to more easily recognize faces that belong to one's own racial group. In social psychology, the cross-race effect is d ...

(face recognition) * CSI effect (criminal law) (criminology) ( CSI television series) (psychology) (television terminology) *

Cupertino effect The Cupertino effect occurs when a spell checker erroneously replaces correctly spelled words that are not in its dictionary. Origin This term refers to the unhyphenated English word "cooperation" often being changed to "Cupertino" by older sp ...

(computers) (spell checking) *

Cytopathic effect Cytopathic effect or cytopathogenic effect (abbreviated CPE) refers to structural changes in host cells that are caused by viral invasion. The infecting virus causes lysis of the host cell or when the cell dies without lysis due to an inability to ...

(microbiology terms)

D

* De Haas–van Alphen effect (condensed matter) (magnetism) (quantum physics) *(de Sitter effect: see)

Geodetic effect The geodetic effect (also known as geodetic precession, de Sitter precession or de Sitter effect) represents the effect of the curvature of spacetime, predicted by general relativity, on a vector carried along with an orbiting body. For example, ...

(general relativity) * Debye–Falkenhagen effect *

Decoy effect In marketing, the decoy effect (or attraction effect or asymmetric dominance effect) is the phenomenon whereby consumers will tend to have a specific change in preference between two options when also presented with a third option that is ''asymmet ...

(consumer behavior) (decision theory) (economic theories) (finance theory) (marketing) *

Delay (audio effect) Delay is an audio signal processing technique that records an input signal to a storage medium and then plays it back after a period of time. When the delayed playback is mixed with the live audio, it creates an echo-like effect, whereby the or ...

(audio effects) (effects units) (musical techniques) *

Dellinger effect A sudden ionospheric disturbance (SID) is any one of several ionospheric perturbations, resulting from abnormally high ionization/ plasma density in the D region of the ionosphere and caused by a solar flare and/or solar particle event (SPE). The ...

(radio communications) *

Dember effect In physics, the Dember effect is when the electron current from a cathode (I_3) subjected to both illumination and a simultaneous electron bombardment is greater than the sum of the photoelectric current (I_1) and the secondary emission current ( ...

(electrical phenomena) (physics) *

Demo effect Demo effect is computer-based real-time visual effects found in demos created by the demoscene. The main purpose of demo effects in demos is to show off the skills of the programmer. Because of this, demo coders have often attempted to create n ...

(demoscene) *

Demonstration effect Demonstration effects are effects on the behavior of individuals caused by observation of the actions of others and their consequences. The term is particularly used in political science and sociology to describe the fact that developments in one pl ...

(human behavior) (sociological terms) * Denomination effect (behavioral economics) * Diderot effect (anthropology) (consumer behaviour) * Ding Hai effect (economy of Hong Kong) (Hong Kong culture) *

Direct effect In European Union law, direct effect is the principle that Union law may, if appropriately framed, confer rights on individuals which the courts of member states of the European Union are bound to recognise and enforce. Direct effect is not ex ...

(European Union law) * Disposal tax effect (economics and finance) (finance) (taxation) *

Disposition effect The disposition effect is an anomaly discovered in behavioral finance. It relates to the tendency of investors to sell assets that have increased in value, while keeping assets that have dropped in value. Hersh Shefrin and Meir Statman identified ...

(economics and finance) * Dole effect (climatology) (oxygen) (paleoclimatology) (photosynthesis) *

Domino effect A domino effect or chain reaction is the cumulative effect generated when a particular event triggers a chain of similar events. This term is best known as a mechanical effect and is used as an analogy to a falling row of dominoes. It typically ...

(physics) (politics) *

Doppler effect The Doppler effect or Doppler shift (or simply Doppler, when in context) is the change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the wave source. It is named after the Austrian physicist Christian Doppler, who d ...

(Doppler effects) (radio frequency propagation) (wave mechanics) * Downing effect (psychology) *

Dresselhaus effect The Dresselhaus effect is a phenomenon in solid-state physics in which spin–orbit interaction causes energy bands to split. It is usually present in crystal systems lacking inversion symmetry. The effect is named after Gene Dresselhaus, husband ...

(physics) *

Droste effect The Droste effect (), known in art as an example of ''mise en abyme'', is the effect of a picture recursively appearing within itself, in a place where a similar picture would realistically be expected to appear. This produces a loop which in ...

(artistic techniques) *

Dunning–Kruger effect The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias whereby people with low ability, expertise, or experience regarding a certain type of task or area of knowledge tend to overestimate their ability or knowledge. Some researchers also include in th ...

(personality) (social psychology)

E

Eagle effect The Eagle effect, Eagle phenomenon, or paradoxical zone phenomenon, named after Harry Eagle who first described it, originally referred to the paradoxically reduced antibacterial effect of penicillin at high doses, though recent usage generally r ...

(antibiotic resistance) (pharmacology) *

Early effect The Early effect, named after its discoverer James M. Early, is the variation in the effective width of the base in a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) due to a variation in the applied base-to-collector voltage. A greater reverse bias across ...

(transistors) * Eberhard effect (science of photography) *

Edge effect In ecology, edge effects are changes in population or community structures that occur at the boundary of two or more habitats. Areas with small habitat fragments exhibit especially pronounced edge effects that may extend throughout the range. As ...

(ecological succession) (ecology) *

Edison effect Thermionic emission is the liberation of electrons from an electrode by virtue of its temperature (releasing of energy supplied by heat). This occurs because the thermal energy given to the charge carrier overcomes the work function of the mate ...

(atomic physics) (electricity) (Thomas Edison) (vacuum tubes) *

Efimov effect Yefimov, sometimes spelled Efimov (russian: Ефимов), or Yefimova (feminine; Ефимова) is a Russian last name and may refer to: * Alexander Yefimov (1923–2012), a Soviet aircraft pilot and twice Hero of the Soviet Union * Boris Efimov ...

(physics) * Einstein effect (disambiguation), several different effects in physics *

Einstein–de Haas effect The Einstein–de Haas effect is a physical phenomenon in which a change in the magnetic moment of a free body causes this body to rotate. The effect is a consequence of the conservation of angular momentum. It is strong enough to be observable in ...

(science) *

Electro-optic effect Electro–optics is a branch of electrical engineering, electronic engineering, materials science, and material physics involving components, electronic devices such as lasers, laser diodes, LEDs, waveguides, etc. which operate by the propaga ...

(nonlinear optics) * Electrocaloric effect (cooling technology) (heat pumps) * Electron-cloud effect (particle accelerators) (physics) *

Electroviscous effects Electroviscous effects, in chemistry of colloids and surface chemistry, according to an IUPAC definition, are the effects of the particle surface charge on viscosity of a fluid. Viscoelectric is an effect by which an electric field near a charged ...

(colloid chemistry) (surface chemistry) *

ELIZA effect The ELIZA effect, in computer science, is the tendency to unconsciously assume computer behaviors are analogous to human behaviors; that is, anthropomorphisation. Overview In its specific form, the ELIZA effect refers only to "the susceptibility ...

(artificial intelligence) (human–computer interaction) (propositional fallacies) *

Embedding effect The embedding effect is an issue in environmental economics and other branches of economics where researchers wish to identify the value of a specific public good using a contingent valuation or willingness-to-pay (WTP) approach. The problem arise ...

(environmental economics) *

EMC effect The EMC effect is the surprising observation that the cross section for deep inelastic scattering from an atomic nucleus is different from that of the same number of free protons and neutrons (collectively referred to as nucleons). From this obse ...

(particle physics) * Emerson effect (photosynthesis) *

Endowment effect In psychology and behavioral economics, the endowment effect (also known as divestiture aversion and related to the mere ownership effect in social psychology) is the finding that people are more likely to retain an object they own than acquire th ...

(behavioral finance) (cognitive biases) (psychological theories) *

Enhanced Permeability and Retention effect The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is a controversial concept by which molecules of certain sizes (typically liposomes, nanoparticles, and macromolecular drugs) tend to accumulate in tumor tissue much more than they do in normal ...

(medicine) *

Eötvös effect The Eötvös effect is the change in measured Earth's gravity caused by the change in centrifugal acceleration resulting from eastbound or westbound velocity. When moving eastbound, the object's angular velocity is increased (in addition to Eart ...

(geodesy) (topography) *

Epps effect In econometrics and time series analysis, the Epps effect, named after T. W. Epps, is the phenomenon that the empirical correlation between the returns of two different stocks decreases with the length of the interval for which the price c ...

(econometrics) (statistical terminology) (statistics) * Ettinghausen effect (condensed matter) (electrodynamics) (thermodynamics) *

Evershed effect The Evershed effect, named after the British astronomer John Evershed, is the radial flow of gas across the photospheric surface of the penumbra of sunspots from the inner border with the umbra towards the outer edge. The speed varies from around 1 ...

(physics) (solar phenomena) *

Exciter (effect) An exciter (also called a harmonic exciter or aural exciter) is an audio signal processing technique used to enhance a signal by dynamic equalization, phase manipulation, harmonic synthesis of (usually) high frequency signals, and through the ...

(audio effects) (effects units)

F

* Fahraeus–Lindquist effect (blood) (fluid dynamics) (molecular and cellular biology) * False consensus effect (cognitive biases) (futurology) (group processes) (psychological theories) (sustainability) *

Faraday effect The Faraday effect or Faraday rotation, sometimes referred to as the magneto-optic Faraday effect (MOFE), is a physical magneto-optical phenomenon. The Faraday effect causes a polarization rotation which is proportional to the projection of the m ...

(magnetism) (optics) *

Ferroelectric effect Ferroelectricity is a characteristic of certain materials that have a spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by the application of an external electric field. All ferroelectrics are also piezoelectric and pyroelectric, with the ad ...

(condensed matter physics) (electrical phenomena) *

Fink effect The Fink effect, also known as "diffusion anoxia", "diffusion hypoxia", or the "second gas effect", is a factor that influences the pO2 (partial pressure of oxygen) within the pulmonary alveoli. When water-soluble gases such as anesthetic agen ...

(anesthesia) (diffusion) *

Flaming sword (effect) A flaming sword is a sword that has been coated with some type of combustible fuel, with the fuel being set on fire. This is most widely done for entertainment purposes in circuses, magic performances and other forms of display as a side act o ...

(fire arts) (special effects) *

Floating body effect The floating body effect is the effect of dependence of the body potential of a transistor realized by the silicon on insulator (SOI) technology on the history of its biasing and the carrier recombination processes. The transistor's body forms a ...

(electronics) (semiconductors) *

Floodgate effect A floodgate effect is situation in which a small action can result in a far greater effect with no easily discernible limit. The original analogy is that of a floodgate, which once opened, no matter how minutely, will allow water to flow from eit ...

(social phenomena) (sociology) *

Floor effect In statistics, a floor effect (also known as a basement effect) arises when a data-gathering instrument has a lower limit to the data values it can reliably specify. This lower limit is known as the "floor". The "floor effect" is one type of scale ...

(statistics) *

Florence Nightingale effect The Florence Nightingale effect is a trope where a caregiver falls in love with their patient, even if very little communication or contact takes place outside of basic care. Feelings may fade once the patient is no longer in need of care. Origi ...

(Florence Nightingale) (love) (psychology) * Flutie effect (student sport) *

Flux pinning Flux pinning is a phenomenon that occurs when flux vortices in a type-II superconductor are prevented from moving within the bulk of the superconductor, so that the magnetic field lines are "pinned" to those locations. The superconductor must be a ...

(Physics) *

Flynn effect The Flynn effect is the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores that were measured in many parts of the world over the 20th century. When intelligence quotient (IQ) tests are initially standa ...

(futurology) (intelligence) (psychological theories) (psychometrics) (race and intelligence controversy) * Focusing effect (cognitive biases) *

Forbush effect A Forbush decrease is a rapid decrease in the observed galactic cosmic ray intensity following a coronal mass ejection (CME). It occurs due to the magnetic field of the plasma solar wind sweeping some of the galactic cosmic rays away from Earth. ...

(cosmic rays) (solar phenomena) *

Forer effect The Barnum effect, also called the Forer effect or, less commonly, the Barnum–Forer effect, is a common psychological phenomenon whereby individuals give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored ...

(cognitive biases) (history of astrology) (psychological theories) *

Founder effect In population genetics, the founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population. It was first fully outlined by Ernst Mayr in 1942, using ...

(ecology) (population genetics) *

Fractional quantum Hall effect The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is a physical phenomenon in which the Hall conductance of 2-dimensional (2D) electrons shows precisely quantized plateaus at fractional values of e^2/h. It is a property of a collective state in which elec ...

(physics) *

Franssen effect The Franssen effect is an auditory illusion where the listener incorrectly localizes a sound. It was found in 1960 by Nico Valentinus Franssen (1926–1979), a Dutch physicist and inventor. There are two classical experiments, which are related ...

(acoustics) (sound perception) *

Franz–Keldysh effect The Franz–Keldysh effect is a change in optical absorption by a semiconductor when an electric field is applied. The effect is named after the German physicist Walter Franz and Russian physicist Leonid Keldysh. Karl W. Böer observed first t ...

(condensed matter) (electronic engineering) (electronics) (optics) (optoelectronics) *

Free surface effect The free surface effect is a mechanism which can cause a watercraft to become unstable and capsize. It refers to the tendency of liquids — and of unbound aggregates of small solid objects, like seeds, gravel, or crushed ore, whose behavior ap ...

(fluid mechanics) *

Front projection effect A front projection effect is an in-camera visual effects process in film production for combining foreground performance with pre-filmed background footage. In contrast to rear projection, which projects footage onto a screen from behind the p ...

(film production) *

Fujiwhara effect The Fujiwhara effect, sometimes referred to as the Fujiwara effect, Fujiw(h)ara interaction or binary interaction, is a phenomenon that occurs when two nearby cyclonic vortices move around each other and close the distance between the circulations ...

(tropical cyclone meteorology) (vortices) * Full screen effect (computer graphics) (demo effects)

G

* Garshelis effect (electric and magnetic fields in matter) (magnetism) (physics) * Gauche effect (stereochemistry) * Gell-Mann amnesia effect (journalism) *

Generation effect The generation effect is a phenomenon where information is better remembered if it is generated from one's own mind rather than simply read. Researchers have struggled to account for why the generated information is better recalled than read inform ...

(cognitive biases) (memory biases) (psychological theories) *

(general relativity) * Gerschenkron effect (economic development) (economic systems) (economics and finance) (econometrics) (index numbers) (national accounts)r *

Giant magnetoresistive effect Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in multilayers composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter ...

(condensed matter physics) (electric and magnetic fields in matter) (quantum electronics) (spintronics) * Gibbons–Hawking effect (general relativity) *

Gibbs–Donnan effect The Gibbs–Donnan effect (also known as the Donnan's effect, Donnan law, Donnan equilibrium, or Gibbs–Donnan equilibrium) is a name for the behaviour of charged particles near a semi-permeable membrane that sometimes fail to distribute evenly ...

(biology) (physics) * Gibbs–Thomson effect (petrology) (thermodynamics) *

Glass house effect The Glass House Effect (or GHE) is the resulting phenomenon brought on by an awareness that one is subject to ubiquitous surveillance. In corporate environments, the transparency is considered a good idea, as it is believed this discourages cor ...

(culture) (surveillance) *

Glasser effect The Glasser effect describes the creation of singularities in the flow field of a magnetically confined plasma when small resonant perturbations modify the gradient of the pressure field. External links Physics of magnetically confined plasmas ...

(physics) *

Goos–Hänchen effect The Goos–Hänchen effect (named after Hermann Fritz Gustav Goos (1883 – 1968) and Hilda Hänchen (1919 – 2013) is an optical phenomenon in which linearly polarized light undergoes a small lateral shift when totally internally ref ...

(optical phenomena) *

Great Salt Lake effect The Great Salt Lake effect is a small but detectable influence on the local climate and weather around the Great Salt Lake in Utah, United States. In particular, snowstorms are a common occurrence over the region and have major socio-economic impac ...

(natural history of Utah) *

Green-beard effect The green-beard effect is a thought experiment used in evolutionary biology to explain selective altruism among individuals of a species. The idea of a green-beard gene was proposed by William D. Hamilton in his articles of 1964, and got the ...

(evolution) (evolutionary biology) (game theory) (selection) *

Greenhouse effect The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when energy from a planet's host star goes through the planet's atmosphere and heats the planet's surface, but greenhouse gases in the atmosphere prevent some of the heat from returning directly ...

(atmosphere) (atmospheric radiation) (climate change feedbacks and causes) (climate forcing) *

Ground effect (aircraft) For fixed-wing aircraft, ground effect is the reduced aerodynamic drag that an aircraft's wings generate when they are close to a fixed surface.. Reduced drag when in ground effect during takeoff can cause the aircraft to "float" while below the ...

(aerodynamics) *

Ground effect (cars) Ground effect may refer to: * Ground effect (aerodynamics), the increased lift and decreased aerodynamic drag of a wing close to a fixed surface * Ground effect (cars), an effect that creates downforce, primarily in racing cars * Ground effect v ...

(aerodynamics) (motorsport terminology) *

Gunn effect A Gunn diode, also known as a transferred electron device (TED), is a form of diode, a two-terminal semiconductor electronic component, with negative resistance, used in high-frequency electronics. It is based on the "Gunn effect" discovered in 1 ...

(diodes) (microwave technology) (physics) (terahertz technology)

H

Haas effect Haas may refer to: People * Haas (surname) * Haas Visser 't Hooft (1905–1977), Dutch field hockey player Auto racing * Haas F1 Team, a 21st-century Formula 1 auto racing team * Haas Lola, a 20th-century Formula 1 auto racing team * Newman/Haa ...

(audio engineering) (sound) (speakers) *

Haldane effect The Haldane effect is a property of hemoglobin first described by John Scott Haldane, within which oxygenation of blood in the lungs displaces carbon dioxide from hemoglobin, increasing the removal of carbon dioxide. Consequently, oxygenated blood ...

(hematology) (hemoproteins) (protein) *

Hall effect The Hall effect is the production of a voltage difference (the Hall voltage) across an electrical conductor that is transverse to an electric current in the conductor and to an applied magnetic field perpendicular to the current. It was disco ...

(condensed matter physics) (electric and magnetic fields in matter) * Hall of mirrors effect (computer graphic artifacts) (Doom) (id software) (video game glitches) *

Halo effect The halo effect (sometimes called the halo error) is the tendency for positive impressions of a person, company, brand, or product in one area to positively influence one's opinion or feelings in other areas. Halo effect is “the name given to t ...

(cognitive biases) (educational psychology) (logical fallacies) (social psychology) *

Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect In physics, the Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) effect is any of a variety of correlation and anti-correlation effects in the intensities received by two detectors from a beam of particles. HBT effects can generally be attributed to the wave–par ...

(quantum optics) * Harem effect (harem) (human sexuality) (sex) (sexual orientation and identity) (sexual orientation and society) *

Hawthorne effect The Hawthorne effect is a type of reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. The effect was discovered in the context of research conducted at the Hawthorne Western Electri ...

(educational psychology) (psychological theories) (social phenomena) *

Health effect Health effects (or health impacts) are changes in health resulting from exposure to a source. Health effects are an important consideration in many areas, such as hygiene, pollution studies, occupational safety and health, ( utrition and health s ...

(health) (health effectors) (pollution) *

Holtzman effect Technology is a key aspect of the fictional setting of the ''Dune (franchise), Dune series'' of science fiction novels written by Frank Herbert, and derivative works. Herbert's concepts and inventions have been analyzed and deconstructed in at lea ...

(Dune technology) (physics in fiction) *

Horizon effect The horizon effect, also known as the horizon problem, is a problem in artificial intelligence whereby, in many games, the number of possible states or positions is immense and computers can only feasibly search a small portion of them, typically ...

(artificial intelligence) (game artificial intelligence) *

Hostile media effect The hostile media effect, originally deemed the hostile media phenomenon and sometimes called hostile media perception, is a perceptual theory of mass communication that refers to the tendency for individuals with a strong preexisting attitude on ...

(cognitive biases) (criticism of journalism) (journalism standards) (psychological theories) *

Hot chocolate effect The hot chocolate effect is a phenomenon of wave mechanics in which the pitch heard from tapping a cup of hot liquid rises after the addition of a soluble powder.Frank S. Crawford, May 1982, "The hot chocolate effect", ''American Journal of Physic ...

(acoustics) (physics) (wave mechanics) *

Hundredth monkey effect The hundredth monkey effect is a hypothetical phenomenon in which a new behavior or idea is spread rapidly by unexplained means from one group to all related groups once a critical number of members of one group exhibit the new behavior or acknowle ...

(behavioral science) (New Age) (urban legends) *

Hydrophobic effect The hydrophobic effect is the observed tendency of nonpolar substances to aggregate in an aqueous solution and exclude water molecules. The word hydrophobic literally means "water-fearing", and it describes the segregation of water and nonpolar ...

(chemical bonding) (supramolecular chemistry) *

Hyperchromic effect Hyperchromicity is the increase of absorbance (''optical density'') of a material. The most famous example is the hyperchromicity of DNA that occurs when the DNA duplex is denatured. The UV absorption is increased when the two single DNA strands ...

(biochemistry) *

Hypersonic effect The hypersonic effect is a phenomenon reported in a controversial scientific study by Tsutomu Oohashi et al.,T. Oohashi, E. Nishina, M. Honda, Y. Yonekura, Y. Fuwamoto, N. Kawai, T. Maekawa, S. Nakamura, H. Fukuyama, and H. ShibasakiInaudible hi ...

(acoustics) (hearing) (psychology) (ultrasound)

I

Ideomotor effect The ideomotor phenomenon is a psychological phenomenon wherein a subject makes motions unconsciously. Also called ideomotor response (or ideomotor reflex) and abbreviated to IMR, it is a concept in hypnosis and psychological research. It is der ...

IKEA effect The IKEA effect is a cognitive bias in which consumers place a disproportionately high value on products they partially created. The name refers to Swedish manufacturer and furniture retailer IKEA, which sells many items of furniture that req ...

(marketing) (psychology) *

Imbert–Fedorov effect The Imbert–Fiodaraŭ effect (named after Fiodar Ivanavič Fiodaraŭ (1911 – 1994) and Christian Imbert (1937 – 1998)http://e-ico.org/node/81 is an optical phenomenon in which a beam of circularly or elliptically polarized In electr ...

(optical phenomena) *

In-camera effect An in-camera effect is any special effect in a video or movie that is created solely by using techniques in and on the camera and/or its parts. The in-camera effect is defined by the fact that the effect exists on the original camera negative or vi ...

(filming) (special effects) *

Incidental effect Incidental effect is a concept in European Union law that allows the use of indirect effect Indirect effect is a principle of the European Union (EU) law, whereby national courts of the member states of the EU are required to interpret national ...

(European Union law) *

Indirect effect Indirect effect is a principle of the European Union (EU) law, whereby national courts of the member states of the EU are required to interpret national law in line with provisions of EU law. The principle of indirect effect contrasts with the pri ...

(European Union law) *

Inductive effect In chemistry, the inductive effect in a molecule is a local change in the electron density due to electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups elsewhere in the molecule, resulting in a permanent dipole in a bond. It is present in a σ (sigma ...

(chemical bonding) *

Inert pair effect The inert-pair effect is the tendency of the two electrons in the outermost atomic ''s''-orbital to remain unshared in compounds of post-transition metals. The term ''inert-pair effect'' is often used in relation to the increasing stability of oxi ...

(atomic physics) (inorganic chemistry) (quantum chemistry) *

inertial supercharging effect The inertial supercharging effect is the increase of volumetric efficiency in the cylinder of an engine. Background The internal combustion engine is the most common engine found in mechanical devices across the world. The engine is powered by an ...

(automobile) (engine technology) *

Inner-platform effect The inner-platform effect is the tendency of software architects to create a system so customizable as to become a replica, and often a poor replica, of the software development platform they are using. This is generally inefficient and such syste ...

(anti-patterns) *

International Fisher effect The international Fisher effect (sometimes referred to as Fisher's open hypothesis) is a hypothesis in international finance that suggests differences in nominal interest rates reflect expected changes in the spot exchange rate between countries. T ...

(economics and finance) (finance theories) (interest rates) *

Inverse Doppler effect The Doppler effect or Doppler shift (or simply Doppler, when in context) is the change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the wave source. It is named after the Austrian physicist Christian Doppler, who d ...

(Doppler effects) (wave mechanics) *

Inverse Faraday effect In optics, the inverse Faraday effect is the effect opposite to the Faraday effect. A static magnetization \mathbf(0) is induced by an external oscillating electrical field with the frequency \omega, which can be achieved with a high intensity laser ...

(electric and magnetic fields in matter) (optical phenomena)

J

Jack-in-the-box effect The jack-in-the-box effect is a specific effect of a catastrophic kill on a tank or other turreted armored vehicle in which an ammunition explosion causes the tank's turret to be violently blown off the chassis and into the air. It is named aft ...

(military) (military slang and jargon) (tanks) *

Jahn–Teller effect The Jahn–Teller effect (JT effect or JTE) is an important mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking in molecular and solid-state systems which has far-reaching consequences in different fields, and is responsible for a variety of phenomena in sp ...

(condensed matter physics) (inorganic chemistry) (organometallic chemistry) (quantum chemistry) *

January effect The January effect is a hypothesis that there is a seasonality, seasonal market anomaly, anomaly in the financial market where security (finance), securities' prices increase in the month of January more than in any other month. This calendar effec ...

(behavioral finance) (economics and finance) (market trends) (stock market) * Janus effect (effects) (sociology) *

Johnsen–Rahbek effect The Johnsen–Rahbek effect occurs when an electric potential is applied across the boundary between a metallic surface and the surface of a semiconducting material or a polyelectrolyte Polyelectrolytes are polymers whose repeating units bear an ...

(classical mechanics) (electrical engineering) *

Joule–Thomson effect In thermodynamics, the Joule–Thomson effect (also known as the Joule–Kelvin effect or Kelvin–Joule effect) describes the temperature change of a ''real'' gas or liquid (as differentiated from an ideal gas) when it is forced through a valv ...

(thermodynamics) *

Josephson effect In physics, the Josephson effect is a phenomenon that occurs when two superconductors are placed in proximity, with some barrier or restriction between them. It is an example of a macroscopic quantum phenomenon, where the effects of quantum mech ...

(condensed matter physics) (sensors) (superconductivity) * Jupiter effect (astronomy) (science book)

K

Kadenacy effect The Kadenacy effect is an effect of pressure-waves in gases. It is named after Michel Kadenacy who obtained a French patent for an engine utilizing the effect in 1933. There are also European and US patents. In simple terms, the momentum of the e ...

(automobile parts) (engine technology) *

Kapitsa–Dirac effect The Kapitza–Dirac effect is a quantum mechanical effect consisting of the diffraction of matter by a standing wave of light. The effect was first predicted as the diffraction of electrons from a standing wave of light by Paul Dirac and Pyotr K ...

(physics) *

Kappa effect The kappa effect or perceptual time dilation is a temporal perceptual illusion that can arise when observers judge the elapsed time between sensory stimuli applied sequentially at different locations. In perceiving a sequence of consecutive stimuli ...

(geography) (psychology) * Kate Middleton effect (celebrity) (fashion) *

Kautsky effect In biophysics, the Kautsky effect (also fluorescence transient, fluorescence induction or fluorescence decay) is a phenomenon consisting of a typical variation in the behavior of a plant fluorescence when exposed to light. It was discovered in 1931 ...

(fluorescence) * Kaye effect (fluid dynamics) *

Ken Burns effect The Ken Burns effect is a type of panning and zooming effect used in film and video production from still imagery. The name derives from extensive use of the technique by American documentarian Ken Burns. This technique had also been used to prod ...

(film techniques) *

Kendall effect In telecommunications the Kendall effect is a spurious pattern or other distortion in a facsimile. It is caused by unwanted modulation products which arise from the transmission of the carrier signal, and appear in the form of a rectified baseb ...

(telecommunications) *

Kerr effect The Kerr effect, also called the quadratic electro-optic (QEO) effect, is a change in the refractive index of a material in response to an applied electric field. The Kerr effect is distinct from the Pockels effect in that the induced index chang ...

(nonlinear optics) *

Keynes effect The Keynes effect is the effect that changes in the price level have upon goods market spending via changes in interest rates. As prices fall, a given nominal money supply will be associated with a larger real money supply, causing interest rates ...

(economics and finance) (Keynesian economics) *

Keystone effect The keystone effect is the apparent distortion of an image caused by projecting it onto an angled surface. It is the distortion of the image dimensions, such as making a square look like a trapezoid, the shape of an architectural keystone (archit ...

(technology) * Kinetic depth effect (perception) *

Kinetic isotope effect In physical organic chemistry, a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) is the change in the reaction rate of a chemical reaction when one of the atoms in the reactants is replaced by one of its isotopes. Formally, it is the ratio of rate constants for th ...

(chemical kinetics) (physical organic chemistry) *

Kirkendall effect The Kirkendall effect is the motion of the interface between two metals that occurs as a consequence of the difference in diffusion rates of the metal atoms. The effect can be observed for example by placing insoluble markers at the interface betwee ...

(chemistry) (metallurgy) * Klein–Nishina effect (quantum field theory) *

Knife-edge effect Diffraction is defined as the interference or bending of waves around the corners of an obstacle or through an aperture into the region of geometrical shadow of the obstacle/aperture. The diffracting object or aperture effectively becomes a s ...

(radio frequency propagation) * Kohn effect (physics) *

Kondo effect In physics, the Kondo effect describes the scattering of conduction electrons in a metal due to magnetic impurities, resulting in a characteristic change i.e. a minimum in electrical resistivity with temperature. The cause of the effect was fir ...

(condensed matter physics) ) (physical phenomena) *

Kozai effect In celestial mechanics, the Kozai mechanism is a dynamical phenomenon affecting the orbit of a binary system perturbed by a distant third body under certain conditions. It is also known as the von Zeipel-Kozai-Lidov, Lidov–Kozai mechanism, Kozai ...

(astronomy) (celestial mechanics) *

Kuleshov effect The Kuleshov effect is a film editing (montage) effect demonstrated by Russian film-maker Lev Kuleshov in the 1910s and 1920s. It is a mental phenomenon by which viewers derive more meaning from the interaction of two sequential shots than from a ...

(cinema of Russia) (cognitive biases) (film editing) (film techniques) (psychological theories)

L

* Lake effect (snow or ice weather phenomena) * Lake Wobegon effect (cognitive biases) (psychological theories) (social psychology) *

Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect In high-energy physics, the Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect, also known as the Landau–Pomeranchuk effect and the Pomeranchuk effect, or simply LPM effect, is a reduction of the bremsstrahlung and pair production cross sections at high energi ...

(high-energy physics) *

Larsen effect Audio feedback (also known as acoustic feedback, simply as feedback) is a positive feedback situation which may occur when an acoustic path exists between an audio input (for example, a microphone or guitar pickup) and an audio output (for examp ...

(audio feedback) *

Late effect In medicine, a late effect is a condition that appears after the acute phase of an earlier, causal condition has run its course. A late effect can be caused directly by the earlier condition, or indirectly by the treatment for the earlier conditio ...

(disease) *

Lawn dart effect In aviation, the lawn dart effect occurs when fighter aircraft pilots accelerate horizontally at more than 1 standard gravity. The effect occurs when such extreme stimulation to the vestibular system leads to the perception that the aircraft ...

(psychology) *

Lazarus effect The Lazarus effect refers to semiconductor detectors; when these are used in harsh radiation environments, defects begin to appear in the semiconductor crystal structure, crystal lattice as atoms become displaced because of the interaction with ...

(particle detectors) * Lead–lag effect (control theory) (economics and finance) *

Leakage effect In the study of tourism, the leakage is the way in which revenue generated by tourism is lost to other countries' economies. Leakage may be so significant in some developing countries that it partially neutralizes the money generated by tourism. Me ...

(tourism) *

Learning effect (economics) In economics, the learning effect is the process by which education increases productivity and results in higher wage A wage is payment made by an employer to an employee for work done in a specific period of time. Some examples of wage pa ...

(economics) (economics terminology) *

Lee–Boot effect The Lee–Boot effect is a phenomenon concerning the suppression or prolongation of oestrous cycles of mature female mice (and other rodents), when females are housed in groups and isolated from males. It is caused by the effects of an estrogen-dep ...

(biology) (reproduction) *

Legalized abortion and crime effect The effect of legalized abortion on crime (also the Donohue–Levitt hypothesis) is a controversial hypothesis about the reduction in crime in the decades following the legalization of abortion. Proponents argue that the availability of abortion r ...

(abortion debate) (criminology) *

Leidenfrost effect The Leidenfrost effect is a physical phenomenon in which a liquid, close to a surface that is significantly hotter than the liquid's boiling point, produces an insulating vapor layer that keeps the liquid from boiling rapidly. Because of this re ...

(physical phenomena) *

Lenard effect Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard (; hu, Lénárd Fülöp Eduárd Antal; 7 June 1862 – 20 May 1947) was a Hungarian-born German physicist and the winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1905 for his work on cathode rays and the discovery of m ...

(physics) * Lense–Thirring effect (effects of gravitation) (tests of general relativity) *

Leveling effect Leveling effect or solvent leveling refers to the effect of solvent on the properties of acids and bases. The strength of a strong acid is limited ("leveled") by the basicity of the solvent. Similarly the strength of a strong base is leveled by ...

(chemistry) *

Levels-of-processing effect The Levels of Processing model, created by Fergus I. M. Craik and Robert S. Lockhart in 1972, describes memory recall of stimuli as a function of the depth of mental processing. Deeper levels of analysis produce more elaborate, longer-lasting, and ...

(educational psychology) (psychology) (psychological theories) * Liquid Sky (effect) (lasers) (stage lighting) *

Little–Parks effect The Little–Parks effect was discovered in 1962 by William A. Little and Roland D. Parks in experiments with empty and thin-walled superconducting cylinder (geometry), cylinders subjected to a parallel magnetic field.W. A. Little and R. D. Parks, � ...

(condensed matter physics) * Lockin effect (physics) *

Lombard effect 250 px, noise_pollution.html"_;"title="Great_tits_sing_at_a_higher_frequency_in_noise_pollution">noise_polluted_urban_surroundings_than_quieter_ones_to_help_overcome_the_auditory_masking_that_would_otherwise_impair_other_birds_hearing_their_bird_ ...

(phonetics) (human voice) (animal communication) (human communication) (noise pollution) *

Lotus effect The lotus effect refers to self-cleaning properties that are a result of ultrahydrophobicity as exhibited by the leaves of ''Nelumbo'', the lotus flower. Dirt particles are picked up by water droplets due to the micro- and nanoscopic architec ...

(nanotechnology) *

Low-frequency effects The low-frequency effects (LFE) channel is a band-limited audio track that is used for reproducing deep and intense low-frequency sounds in the 3–120 Hz frequency range. This track is normally sent to a subwoofer—a loudspeaker des ...

(film sound production) (technology) * Lubberts effect (medicine) (radiography) (radiology) *

Lunar effect The lunar effect is a purported unproven correlation between specific stages of the roughly 29.5-day lunar cycle and behavior and physiological changes in living beings on Earth, including humans. In some cases the purported effect may depend on ...

(moon myths) (pseudoscience) * Luxemburg–Gorky effect (radio communication) (radio spectrum)

M

Magali effect Magaly or Magali is a given name. Magali may refer to: *Magali Amadei (born 1974), French fashion model *Magali Babin (born 1967), Canadian musician and composer *Magali Febles (born 1964), Dominican beauty pageant director *Magali Harvey (born 199 ...

Magneto-optic effect A magneto-optic effect is any one of a number of phenomena in which an electromagnetic wave propagates through a medium that has been altered by the presence of a quasistatic magnetic field. In such a medium, which is also called gyrotropic or g ...

(electric and magnetic fields in matter) (optical phenomena) *

Magneto-optic Kerr effect In physics the magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) or the surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE) is one of the magneto-optic effects. It describes the changes to light reflected from a magnetized surface. It is used in materials science research ...

(condensed matter physics) (electric and magnetic fields in matter) (optical phenomena) *

magnetocaloric effect Magnetic refrigeration is a cooling technology based on the magnetocaloric effect. This technique can be used to attain extremely low temperatures, as well as the ranges used in common refrigerators. A magnetocaloric material warms up when a m ...

(physical phenomena) (electric and magnetic fields in matter) (thermodynamics) *

Magnus effect The Magnus effect is an observable phenomenon commonly associated with a spinning object moving through a fluid. The path of the spinning object is deflected in a manner not present when the object is not spinning. The deflection can be expl ...

(fluid dynamics) * Malmquist effect (astronomy) *

Malter effect The Malter effect is named after Louis Malter, who first described the effect. Following exposure to ionizing radiation (e.g., electrons, ions, X-rays, extreme ultraviolet, vacuum ultraviolet), secondary electron emission from the surface of a t ...

(physics) *

Mandela effect In psychology, a false memory is a phenomenon where someone recalls something that did not happen or recalls it differently from the way it actually happened. Suggestibility, activation of associated information, the incorporation of misinforma ...

(psychology) (paranormal) *

Marangoni effect The Marangoni effect (also called the Gibbs–Marangoni effect) is the mass transfer along an interface between two phases due to a gradient of the surface tension. In the case of temperature dependence, this phenomenon may be called thermo-capill ...

(fluid dynamics) (fluid mechanics) (physical phenomena) * Marchywka effect (electrochemistry) (ultraviolet sensor production) * Mark Twain effect (economics and finance) (stock market) *

Martha Mitchell effect The Martha Mitchell effect occurs when a medical professional labels a patient's accurate perception of real events as delusional, resulting in misdiagnosis.Coleman, A. (2015)A Dictionary of Psychology p441.Alexander, G. J. (1996)International ...

(psychological theories) (psychosis) *

Massenerhebung effect The Massenerhebung effect (German for "mountain mass elevation") describes variation in the tree line based on mountain size and location. In general, mountains surrounded by large ranges will tend to have higher tree lines than more isolated mount ...

(trees) * Maternal age effect (developmental biology) *

Maternal effect A maternal effect is a situation where the phenotype of an organism is determined not only by the environment it experiences and its genotype, but also by the environment and genotype of its mother. In genetics, maternal effects occur when an org ...

(developmental biology) * Matthew effect (education) (education) *

Matilda effect The Matilda effect is a bias against acknowledging the achievements of women scientists whose work is attributed to their male colleagues. This phenomenon was first described by suffragist and abolitionist Matilda Joslyn Gage (1826–98) in her ...

(Research) *

Matthew effect (sociology) The Matthew effect of accumulated advantage, Matthew principle, or Matthew effect, is the tendency of individuals to accrue social or economic success in proportion to their initial level of popularity, friends, wealth, etc. It is sometimes summar ...

(adages) (social phenomena) (sociology of scientific knowledge) * McClintock effect (menstruation) * McCollough effect (optical illusions) * McGurk effect (auditory illusions) (perception) (psychological theories) *

Meissner effect The Meissner effect (or Meissner–Ochsenfeld effect) is the expulsion of a magnetic field from a superconductor during its transition to the superconducting state when it is cooled below the critical temperature. This expulsion will repel a n ...

(levitation) (magnetism) (superconductivity) * Meitner–Hupfeld effect (particle physics) * Mellanby effect (health) (alcohol intoxication) *

Memory effect Memory effect, also known as battery effect, lazy battery effect, or battery memory, is an effect observed in nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries that causes them to hold less charge. It describes the situation in which nickel-cadmium batter ...

(electric batteries) *

Mesomeric effect Mesomeric Effect in Organic Chemistry The Mesomeric Effect The mesomeric effect (or resonance effect) in chemistry is a property of substituents or functional groups in a chemical compound. It is defined as the polarity produced in the molecu ...

(chemical bonding) *

Microwave auditory effect The microwave auditory effect, also known as the microwave hearing effect or the Frey effect, consists of the human perception of audible clicks, or even speech, induced by pulsed or modulated radio frequencies. The communications are generated di ...

(cognitive neuroscience) (espionage) (hearing) (human psychology) (less-lethal weapons) (mind control) (sound) * Mid-domain effect (macroecology) (biogeography) (biodiversity) *

Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect The Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect (often referred to as the ''matter effect'') is a particle physics process which modifies neutrino oscillations in matter of varying density. The MSW effect is broadly analogous to the differential retar ...

(particle physics) *

Milky seas effect Milky seas, also called mareel, is a luminous phenomenon in the ocean in which large areas of seawater (up to ) appear to glow translucently (in varying shades of blue). Such occurrences glow brightly enough at night to be visible from satelli ...

(aquatic biology) (biological oceanography) (bioluminescence) *

Miller effect In electronics, the Miller effect accounts for the increase in the equivalent input capacitance of an inverting voltage amplifier due to amplification of the effect of capacitance between the input and output terminals. The virtually increased inpu ...

(electrical engineering) (electronics terms) *

Miniature effect A miniature effect is a special effect created for motion pictures and television programs using scale models. Scale models are often combined with high speed photography or matte shots to make gravitational and other effects appear convincin ...

(film and video technology) (film techniques) (scale modeling) (scientific modeling) (special effects) (visual effects) *

Misinformation effect The misinformation effect occurs when a person's recall of episodic memories becomes less accurate because of post-event information. The misinformation effect has been studied since the mid-1970s. Elizabeth Loftus is one of the most influential re ...

(cognitive biases) (psychological theories) *

Missing letter effect In cognitive psychology, the missing letter effect refers to the finding that, when people are asked to consciously detect target letters while reading text, they miss more letters in frequent function words (e.g. the letter "h" in "the") than in ...

(perception) (psychometrics) *

Misznay–Schardin effect The Misznay–Schardin effect, or platter effect, is a characteristic of the detonation of a broad sheet of explosive. Description Explosive blasts expand directly away from, and perpendicular to, the surface of an explosive. Unlike the blast ...

(explosives) *

Mohring effect The Mohring effect is the observation that, if the frequency of a transit service (e.g., buses per hour) increases with demand, then a rise in demand shortens the waiting times of passengers at stops and stations. Because waiting time forms part of ...

(microeconomics) (transportation) *

Mössbauer effect The Mössbauer effect, or recoilless nuclear resonance fluorescence, is a physical phenomenon discovered by Rudolf Mössbauer in 1958. It involves the resonant and recoil-free emission and absorption of gamma radiation by atomic nuclei bound in ...

(condensed matter physics) (nuclear physics) (physical phenomena) *

Mozart effect The Mozart effect is the theory that listening to the music of Mozart may temporarily boost scores on one portion of an IQ test. Popular science versions of the theory make the claim that "listening to Mozart makes you smarter" or that early childh ...

(education psychology) (popular psychology) (psychological theories) (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart) *

Mpemba effect The Mpemba effect is the name given to the observation that a liquid (typically water) which is initially hot can freeze faster than the same liquid which begins cold, under otherwise similar conditions. There is disagreement about its theoretical ...

(phase changes) (physical paradoxes) (thermodynamics) *

Mullins effect The Mullins effect is a particular aspect of the mechanical response in filled rubbers, in which the stress–strain curve depends on the maximum loading previously encountered. The phenomenon, named for rubber scientist Leonard Mullins, workin ...

(rubber properties) *

Multiple-effect humidification Multiple-effect humidification (MEH) is a method used for thermal desalination of sea water. It uses multiple evaporation– condensation cycles at separate temperature levels to minimize the total energy consumption of solar humidification ...

(drinking water) (water supply) (water treatment) *

Munroe effect A shaped charge is an explosive charge shaped to form an explosively formed penetrator (EFP) to focus the effect of the explosive's energy. Different types of shaped charges are used for various purposes such as cutting and forming metal, ini ...

(explosive weapons) (explosives)

N

* Name-letter effect (psychology) *

Negative (positive) contrast effect Behavioral contrast refers to a change in the strength of one response that occurs when the rate of reward of a second response, or of the first response under different conditions, is changed. For example, suppose that a pigeon Columbidae ...

(psychology) *

Negativity effect The negativity bias,Kanouse, D. E., & Hanson, L. (1972). Negativity in evaluations. In E. E. Jones, D. E. Kanouse, S. Valins, H. H. Kelley, R. E. Nisbett, & B. Weiner (Eds.), ''Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior.'' Morristown, NJ: Gene ...

(cognitive biases) (psychological theories) * Neglected firm effect (business analysis) *

Nernst effect In physics and chemistry, the Nernst effect (also termed first Nernst–Ettingshausen effect, after Walther Nernst and Albert von Ettingshausen) is a thermoelectric (or thermomagnetic) phenomenon observed when a sample allowing electrical conduct ...

(electrodynamics) (thermodynamics) *

Network effect In economics, a network effect (also called network externality or demand-side economies of scale) is the phenomenon by which the value or utility a user derives from a good or service depends on the number of users of compatible products. Net ...

(business models) (economics effects) (information technology) (monopoly conomics (networks) (transport economics) *

Non-thermal microwave effect Non-thermal microwave effects or specific microwave effects have been posited in order to explain unusual observations in microwave chemistry. The main effect of the absorption of microwaves by most materials is heating; the random motion of the con ...

(chemical kinetics) *

Nordtvedt effect In theoretical astrophysics, the Nordtvedt effect refers to the relative motion between the Earth and the Moon that would be observed if the gravitational self-energy of a body contributed differently to its gravitational mass than to its inerti ...

(astronomy) (astrophysics) (effects of gravitation) (relativity) (theoretical physics) *

Novaya Zemlya effect The Novaya Zemlya effect is a polar mirage caused by high refraction of sunlight between atmospheric thermal layers. The effect gives the impression that the sun is rising earlier than it actually should, and depending on the meteorological sit ...

(arctic) (atmospheric optical phenomena) (atmospheric science) (Novaya Zemlya) (solar phenomena) *

Novelty effect The novelty effect, in the context of human performance, is the tendency for performance to initially improve when new technology is instituted, not because of any actual improvement in learning or achievement, but in response to increased interes ...

(learning) (psychology) *

Nuclear Overhauser effect The nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) is the transfer of nuclear spin polarization from one population of spin-active nuclei (e.g. 1H, 13C, 15N etc.) to another via cross-relaxation. A phenomenological definition of the NOE in nuclear magnetic res ...

(chemical physics) (nuclear magnetic resonance) (physical chemistry) (spectroscopy) * Numerosity adaptation effect (cognitive science) (optical illusions) (perception) * Nut Island effect (human resource management) (organizational studies and human resource management)

O

Oberth effect In astronautics, a powered flyby, or Oberth maneuver, is a maneuver in which a spacecraft falls into a gravitational well and then uses its engines to further accelerate as it is falling, thereby achieving additional speed. The resulting maneuver ...

(physics) *

Observer effect (information technology) In information technology, the observer effect is the impact on the behaviour of a computer process caused by the act of observing the process while it is running. For example: if a process uses a log file to record its progress, the process cou ...

(computer programming) *

Observer effect (physics) In physics, the observer effect is the disturbance of an observed system by the act of observation. This is often the result of instruments that, by necessity, alter the state of what they measure in some manner. A common example is checking the ...

(physics) *

Observer-expectancy effect The observer-expectancy effect (also called the experimenter-expectancy effect, expectancy bias, observer effect, or experimenter effect) is a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to subconsciously influence t ...

(cognitive biases) (cognitive psychology) *

Occlusion effect The occlusion effect occurs when an object fills the outer portion of a person's ear canal, causing that person to perceive echo-like "hollow" or "booming" sounds generated from their own voice. The bone-conducted sound travels to the cochlea thro ...

(biology) (otology) *

Octave effect Octave effect boxes are a type of special effects unit which mix the input signal with a synthesised signal whose musical tone is an octave lower or higher than the original. The synthesised octave signal is derived from the original input signa ...

(effects units) *

Okorokov effect The Okorokov effect () or resonant coherent excitation, occurs when heavy ions move in crystals under channeling conditions. V. Okorokov predicted this effect in 1965, translated in and it was first observed by Sheldon Datz Sheldon Datz (July ...

(physics) *

Oligodynamic effect The oligodynamic effect (from Greek ''oligos'', "few", and ''dynamis'', "force") is a biocidal effect of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations. In modern times, the effect was observed by Carl Nägeli, althoug ...

(biology and pharmacology of chemical elements) *

Online disinhibition effect Online disinhibition effect is the lack of restraint one feels when communicating online in comparison to communicating in-person. People feel safer saying things online which they would not say in real life because they have the ability to remain ...

(Internet culture) (psychology) *

Onnes effect A Rollin film, named after Bernard V. Rollin, is a 30 nm-thick liquid film of helium in the helium II state. It exhibits a "creeping" effect in response to surfaces extending past the film's level (wave propagation). Helium II can escape from ...

(condensed matter physics) (fluid mechanics) (helium) *

Opposition effect The opposition surge (sometimes known as the opposition effect, opposition spike or Seeliger effect) is the brightening of a rough surface, or an object with many particles, when illuminated from directly behind the observer. The term is most wid ...

(astronomy) (optical phenomena) (observational astronomy) (radiometry) (scattering, absorption and radiative transfer ptics *

Osborne effect The Osborne effect is a social phenomenon of customers canceling or deferring orders for the current, soon-to-be-obsolete product as an unexpected drawback of a company's announcing a future product prematurely. It is an example of cannibalizati ...

(marketing) *

Ostrich effect In behavioral finance, the ostrich effect is the attempt made by investors to avoid negative financial information. The name comes from the common (but false) legend that ostriches bury their heads in the sand to avoid danger. Originally the term ...

(adages) *

Ouzo effect The ouzo effect (also louche effect and spontaneous emulsification) is a milky ('' louche'') oil-in-water emulsion that is formed when water is added to ouzo and other anise-flavored liqueurs and spirits, such as pastis, rakı, arak, sambuca a ...

(Colloidal chemistry) (Chemical mixtures) (Condensed matter physics) (Soft matter) (Fluid dynamics) *

Overconfidence effect The overconfidence effect is a well-established bias in which a person's subjective ''confidence'' in his or her judgments is reliably greater than the objective ''accuracy'' of those judgments, especially when confidence is relatively high. Overco ...

(cognitive biases) (psychological theories) *

Overjustification effect The overjustification effect occurs when an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a person's intrinsic motivation to perform a task. Overjustification is an explanation for the phenomenon known as motivational "crowding out" ...

(educational psychology) (psychological theories) (psychology) *

Overview effect The overview effect is a cognitive shift reported by some astronauts while viewing the Earth from space. Researchers have characterized the effect as "a state of awe with self-transcendent qualities, precipitated by a particularly striking vis ...

(spaceflight) (transcendence) (psychology)

P

Pandemonium effect The pandemonium effect is a problem that may appear when high resolution detectors (usually germanium detectors) are used in beta decay studies. It can affect the correct determination of the feeding to the different levels of the daughter nuc ...

(gamma spectroscopy) * Partner effects (economics) (sociology) * Paschen–Back effect (atomic physics) (atomic, molecular, and optical physics) (magnetism) *

Pasteur effect The Pasteur effect describes how available oxygen inhibits ethanol fermentation, driving yeast to switch toward aerobic respiration for increased generation of the energy carrier adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Discovery The effect was described b ...

(beer and brewery) (biochemistry) (fermentation) (metabolism) * Paternal effect – (developmental biology) *

Pauli effect The Pauli effect or Pauli's device corollary is the supposed tendency of technical equipment to encounter critical failure in the presence of certain people. The term was coined after mysterious anecdotal stories involving Austrian theoretical phy ...

(experimental physics) (parapsychology) (psychokinesis) *

Payne effect The Payne effect is a particular feature of the stress–strain behaviour of rubber, especially rubber compounds containing fillers such as carbon black. It is named after the British rubber scientist A. R. Payne, who made extensive studies of t ...

(rubber properties) *

Pearson–Anson effect The Pearson–Anson effect, discovered in 1922 by Stephen Oswald PearsonStephen Oswald Pearson,''Dictionary of Wireless Technical Terms'' (London: Iliffe & Sons, 1926). and Horatio Saint George Anson, is the phenomenon of an oscillating electric ...

(electronics) *

Peltier–Seebeck effect The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa via a thermocouple. A thermoelectric device creates a voltage when there is a different temperature on each side. Conversely, when ...

(thermoelectric effect) (electricity) (HVAC) (physical phenomena) (thermodynamics) *

Peltzman effect Risk compensation is a theory which suggests that people typically adjust their behavior in response to perceived levels of risk, becoming more careful where they sense greater risk and less careful if they feel more protected. Although usually ...

(economics of regulation) (University of Chicago) *

Penn effect The Penn effect is the economic finding that real income ratios between high and low income countries are systematically exaggerated by gross domestic product (GDP) conversion at market exchange rates. It is associated with what became the Penn Wo ...

(economics effects) *

Petkau effect The Petkau effect is an early counterexample to linear-effect assumptions usually made about radiation exposure. It was found by Dr. Abram Petkau at the Atomic Energy of Canada Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment, Manitoba and publish ...

(radiobiology) *

Phaser (effect) A phaser is an electronic sound processor used to filter a signal, and it has a series of troughs in its frequency-attenutation graph. The position (in Hz) of the peaks and troughs are typically modulated by an internal low-frequency oscillat ...

(audio effects) (effects units) * Phillips effect (employment) (inflation) *

Photoacoustic Doppler effect The photoacoustic Doppler effect is a type of Doppler effect that occurs when an intensity modulated light wave induces a photoacoustic wave on moving particles with a specific frequency. The observed frequency shift is a good indicator of the vel ...

(Doppler effects) (radar signal processing) (radio frequency propagation) (wave mechanics) *

Photoelectric effect The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation, such as light, hits a material. Electrons emitted in this manner are called photoelectrons. The phenomenon is studied in condensed matter physics, and solid st ...

(Albert Einstein) (electrical phenomena) (foundational quantum physics) *

Photorefractive effect The photorefractive effect is a nonlinear optical effect seen in certain crystals and other materials that respond to light by altering their refractive index. The effect can be used to store temporary, erasable holograms and is useful for hologr ...

(nonlinear optics) *

Photothermal effect Photothermal effect is a phenomenon associated with electromagnetic radiation. It is produced by the photoexcitation of material, resulting in the production of thermal energy (heat). It is sometimes used during treatment of blood vessel lesions, ...

(particle physics) (photochemistry) (physics) *

Picture superiority effect The picture superiority effect refers to the phenomenon in which pictures and images are more likely to be remembered than are words. This effect has been demonstrated in numerous experiments using different methods. It is based on the notion tha ...

(cognitive biases) (educational psychology) (memory biases) (psychological theories) *

Piezoresistive effect The piezoresistive effect is a change in the electrical resistivity of a semiconductor or metal when mechanical strain is applied. In contrast to the piezoelectric effect, the piezoresistive effect causes a change only in electrical resistance ...

(electrical phenomena) *

Pigou effect In economics, the Pigou effect is the stimulation of output and employment caused by increasing consumption due to a rise in real balances of wealth, particularly during deflation. The term was named after Arthur Cecil Pigou by Don Patinkin in 19 ...

(economics effects) * Pioneer effect (astrodynamics) (pioneer program) *

Placebo effect A placebo ( ) is a substance or treatment which is designed to have no therapeutic value. Common placebos include inert tablets (like sugar pills), inert injections (like Saline (medicine), saline), sham surgery, and other procedures. In general ...

(bioethics) (clinical research) (experimental design) (history of medicine) (Latin medical phrases) (Latin words and phrases) (medical ethics) (medical terms) (medicinal chemistry) (mind–body interventions) (pharmacology) (psychological theories) (research methods) (theories) *

Plasma effect The plasma effect is a computer-based visual effect animated in real-time. It uses cycles of changing colours warped in various ways to give an illusion of liquid, organic movement. Plasma was the name of a VGA graphics demo created by Bret M ...

(demo effects) *

Plateau effect In geology and physical geography, a plateau (; ; ), also called a high plain or a tableland, is an area of a highland consisting of flat terrain that is raised sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side. Often one or more sides ha ...

(systems science) (metaphors referring to places) *

Plummer effect The Plummer effect is one of several physiological feedforward mechanisms taking place in follicular cells of the healthy thyroid gland and preventing the development of thyrotoxicosis in situations of extremely high supply with iodine. Hist ...

(iodine) (medicine) *

Pockels effect The Pockels effect or Pockels electro-optic effect, named after Friedrich Carl Alwin Pockels (who studied the effect in 1893), changes or produces birefringence in an optical medium induced by an electric field. In the Pockels effect, also known as ...

(cryptography) (nonlinear optics) (polarization) *

Polar effect The polar effect or electronic effect in chemistry is the effect exerted by a substituent on modifying electrostatic forces operating on a nearby reaction center. The main contributors to the polar effect are the inductive effect, mesomeric effec ...

(physical organic chemistry) * Polar effect (genetics) (genetics) * Portevin–Le Chatelier effect (engineering) (materials science) *

Position-effect variegation Position-effect variegation (PEV) is a variegation caused by the silencing of a gene in some cells through its abnormal juxtaposition with heterochromatin via rearrangement or transposition. It is also associated with changes in chromatin conforma ...

(genetics) *

Positivity effect The positivity effect is the ability to constructively analyze a situation where the desired results are not achieved; but still obtain positive feedback that assists our future progression. In attribution The positivity effect as an attributi ...

(aging) (cognition) (cognitive biases) (memory) (memory biases) (psychological theories) (psychology) *

Poynting effect The Poynting effect may refer to two unrelated physical phenomena. Neither should be confused with the Poynting–Robertson effect. All of these effects are named after John Henry Poynting, an English physicist. Solid mechanics In solid mecha ...

(gases) *

Poynting–Robertson effect The Poynting–Robertson effect, also known as Poynting–Robertson drag, named after John Henry Poynting and Howard P. Robertson, is a process by which solar radiation causes a dust grain orbiting a star to lose angular momentum relative to its o ...

(celestial mechanics) *

Practical effect A practical effect is a special effect produced physically, without computer-generated imagery or other post-production techniques. In some contexts, "special effect" is used as a synonym of "practical effect", in contrast to "visual effects" ...

(special effects) *

Pratfall effect In social psychology, the pratfall effect is the tendency for interpersonal appeal to change after an individual makes a mistake, depending on the individual's perceived competence. In particular, highly competent individuals tend to become more li ...

(psychology) *

Precedence effect The precedence effect or law of the first wavefront is a binaural psychoacoustical effect. When a sound is followed by another sound separated by a sufficiently short time delay (below the listener's echo threshold), listeners perceive a single ...

(acoustics) (sound perception) *

Primakoff effect In particle physics, the Primakoff effect, named after Henry Primakoff, is the resonant production of neutral pseudoscalar mesons by high-energy photons interacting with an atomic nucleus. It can be viewed as the reverse process of the Particle d ...

(particle physics) *

Priority effect In ecology, a priority effect is an impact that a particular species can have on community development due to prior arrival at a site. There are two basic types: An ''inhibitory priority effect'' which occurs when a species that arrives first at ...

(ecology) *

Probe effect Probe effect is an unintended alteration in system behavior caused by measuring that system. In code profiling and performance measurements, the delays introduced by insertion or removal of code instrumentation may result in a non-functioning appl ...

(software development philosophies) (system administration) *

Proteus effect The Proteus effect describes a phenomenon in which the behavior of an individual, within virtual worlds, is changed by the characteristics of their avatar. This change is due to the individual's knowledge about the behaviors that other users who ...

(consciousness) (psychology) * Proximity effect (atomic physics) (nuclear physics) (physics) *

Proximity effect (audio) The proximity effect in audio is an increase in bass or low frequency response when a sound source is close to a directional or cardioid microphone.

(acoustics) *

Proximity effect (electromagnetism) In electromagnetics, proximity effect is a redistribution of electric current occurring in nearby parallel electrical conductors carrying alternating current flowing in the same direction which causes the current distribution in the conductor to c ...

(electrical engineering) * Proximity effect (electron beam lithography) (condensed matter physics) *

Proximity effect (superconductivity) Proximity effect or Holm–Meissner effect is a term used in the field of superconductivity to describe phenomena that occur when a superconductor (S) is placed in contact with a "normal" (N) non-superconductor. Typically the critical temperatu ...

(superconductivity) * Pseudocertainty effect *

Pulfrich effect The Pulfrich effect is a psychophysical percept wherein lateral motion of an object in the field of view is interpreted by the visual cortex as having a depth component, due to a relative difference in signal timings between the two eyes. Overvie ...

(3D imaging) (optical illusions) *

Purkinje effect The Purkinje effect (; sometimes called the Purkinje shift, often incorrectly pronounced ) is the tendency for the peak luminance sensitivity of the eye to shift toward the blue end of the color spectrum at low illumination levels as part of da ...

(optical illusions) (perception) (vision) *

Pygmalion effect The Pygmalion effect, or Rosenthal effect, is a psychological phenomenon in which high expectations lead to improved performance in a given area. The effect is named for the Greek myth of Pygmalion, the sculptor who fell so much in love with the ...

(cognitive biases)

Q

* QMR effect (electric and magnetic fields in matter) (magnetism) (optics) (optical phenomena) *

Quantum confined stark effect The quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) describes the effect of an external electric field upon the light absorption spectrum or emission spectrum of a quantum well (QW). In the absence of an external electric field, electrons and holes withi ...

(quantum mechanics) *

Quantum Hall effect The quantum Hall effect (or integer quantum Hall effect) is a quantized version of the Hall effect which is observed in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to low temperatures and strong magnetic fields, in which the Hall resistance exh ...

(Hall effect) (condensed matter physics) (quantum electronics) (spintronics) *

Quantum Zeno effect The quantum Zeno effect (also known as the Turing paradox) is a feature of quantum-mechanical systems allowing a particle's time evolution to be slowed down by measuring it frequently enough with respect to some chosen measurement setting. Some ...

(quantum measurement)

R

Raman effect Raman scattering or the Raman effect () is the inelastic scattering of photons by matter, meaning that there is both an exchange of energy and a change in the light's direction. Typically this effect involves vibrational energy being gained by a ...

(physics) * Ramp effect (drug addiction) (drug rehabilitation) *

Ramsauer–Townsend effect The Ramsauer–Townsend effect, also sometimes called the Ramsauer effect or the Townsend effect, is a physical phenomenon involving the scattering of low-energy electrons by atoms of a noble gas. This effect is a result of quantum mechanics. The e ...

(physical phenomena) (scattering) *

Ransom note effect In typography, the ransom note effect is the result of using an excessive number of juxtaposed typefaces. It takes its name from the appearance of a stereotypical ransom note, with the message formed from words or letters cut randomly from a ma ...

(typography) *

Rashomon effect The Rashomon effect is a storytelling and writing method in cinema in which an event is given contradictory interpretations or descriptions by the individuals involved, thereby providing different perspectives and points of view of the same inciden ...

(psychology) *

Ratchet effect A ratchet effect is an instance of the restrained ability of human processes to be reversed once a specific thing has happened, analogous with the mechanical ratchet that holds the spring tight as a clock is wound up. It is related to the pheno ...

(game theory) *

Rear projection effect Rear projection (background projection, process photography, etc.) is one of many in-camera effects cinematic techniques in film production for combining foreground performances with pre-filmed backgrounds. It was widely used for many years in d ...

(special effects) *

Rebound effect The rebound effect, or rebound phenomenon, is the emergence or re-emergence of symptoms that were either absent or controlled while taking a medication, but appear when that same medication is discontinued, or reduced in dosage. In the case of re ...

(medical sign) *

Rebound effect (conservation) In conservation and energy economics, the rebound effect (or take-back effect) is the reduction in expected gains from new technologies that increase the efficiency of resource use, because of behavioral or other systemic responses. These respo ...

(economics paradoxes) (energy) (energy conservation) *

Red-eye effect The red-eye effect in photography is the common appearance of red pupils in color photographs of the eyes of humans and several other animals. It occurs when using a photographic flash that is very close to the camera lens (as with most compact ...

(science of photography) *

Relativistic Doppler effect The relativistic Doppler effect is the change in frequency (and wavelength) of light, caused by the relative motion of the source and the observer (as in the classical Doppler effect), when taking into account effects described by the special rel ...

(Doppler effects) (special relativity) *

Renner–Teller effect The Renner–Teller effect is observed in the spectra of molecules having electronic states that allow vibration through a linear configuration. For such molecules electronic states that are doubly degenerate at linearity (Π, Δ, ..., etc.) will sp ...

(molecular physics) * Reverse Cerenkov effect (physics) *

Reverse short-channel effect In MOSFETs, reverse short-channel effect (RSCE) is an increase of threshold voltage with decreasing channel length; this is the opposite of the usual short-channel effect. The difference comes from changes in doping profiles used in modern smal ...

(transistors) *

Ringelmann effect The Ringelmann effect is the tendency for individual members of a group to become increasingly less productive as the size of their group increases.Forsyth, D. R. (2009). ''Group dynamics'' (5th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. This effect, ...

(social psychology) *

Ripple effect A ripple effect occurs when an initial disturbance to a system propagates outward to disturb an increasingly larger portion of the system, like ripples expanding across the water when an object is dropped into it. The ripple effect is often used ...

(education) (sociology) *

Robin Hood effect The Robin Hood effect is an economic occurrence where income is redistributed so that economic inequality is reduced. The effect is named after Robin Hood, said to have stolen from the rich to give to the poor. Causes A Robin Hood effect can be ...

(income distribution) (Robin Hood) (socioeconomics) (taxation) *

Roe effect The Roe effect is a hypothesis about the long-term effect of abortion on the political balance of the United States, which suggests that since supporters of the legalization of abortion cause the erosion of their own political base, the practice ...

(abortion debate) (abortion in the United States) *

Root effect The Root effect is a physiological phenomenon that occurs in fish hemoglobin, named after its discoverer R. W. Root. It is the phenomenon where an increased proton or carbon dioxide concentration (lower pH) lowers hemoglobin's affinity and carry ...

(fish) (hemoproteins) (respiratory physiology) *

Rope trick effect ''Rope trick'' is the term given by physicist John Malik to the curious lines and spikes which emanate from the fireball of certain nuclear explosions just after detonation. Description The adjacent photograph shows two unusual phenomena: b ...

(nuclear weapons) *

Rossiter–McLaughlin effect The Rossiter–McLaughlin effect is a spectroscopic phenomenon observed when an object moves across the face of a star. Description The Rossiter–McLaughlin effect is a spectroscopic phenomenon observed when either an eclipsing binary's secon ...

(Doppler effects) (extrasolar planets) (spectroscopy) (star systems) *

Rusty bolt effect The rusty bolt effect is a form of radio interference due to interactions of the radio waves with dirty connections or corroded parts.Lui, P.L., ''Passive intermodulation interference in communication systems,'' IEEE Electronics & Communication Eng ...

(radio electronics) * Russ Christ effect (PV rejection profile)

S

Sabattier effect The Sabatier effect, also known as pseudo-solarization (or pseudo-solarisation) and erroneously referred to as the Sabattier effect, is a phenomenon in photography in which the image recorded on a negative or on a photographic print is wholly o ...

(solarization) (photographic processes) (science of photography) *

Sachs–Wolfe effect The Sachs–Wolfe effect, named after Rainer K. Sachs and Arthur M. Wolfe, is a property of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), in which photons from the CMB are Gravitational redshift, gravitationally redshifted, causing the CMB spec ...

(astronomy) (physical cosmology) *

Sagnac effect The Sagnac effect, also called Sagnac interference, named after French physicist Georges Sagnac, is a phenomenon encountered in interferometry that is elicited by rotation. The Sagnac effect manifests itself in a setup called a ring interferometer ...

(optics) (relativity) * Sailing Ship Effect (business) (economics) *

Samba effect The samba effect is a nick name for the financial crisis in Brazil in 1999 where there was a 35% drop in the value of the Brazilian real. The effect was caused by the 1997 Asian financial crisis, which led Brazil to increase interest rates and to ...

(Brazil) (economy of Brazil) (history of Brazil) *

Sandbox effect The Sandbox effect (or sandboxing) is a name given to an observation of the way Google ranks web pages in its index. It is the subject of much debate—its existence has been written about since 2004, but not confirmed, with several statements to t ...

(Internet technology) (search engine optimization) * Scharnhorst effect (quantum field theory) *

Schottky effect The Schottky effect or field enhanced thermionic emission is a phenomenon in condensed matter physics named after Walter H. Schottky. In electron emission devices, especially electron guns, the thermionic electron emitter will be biased negative ...

(diodes) *

Schwinger effect The Schwinger effect is a predicted physical phenomenon whereby matter is created by a strong electric field. It is also referred to as the Sauter–Schwinger effect, Schwinger mechanism, or Schwinger pair production. It is a prediction of quantu ...

(particle physics) (hypothetical processes) (quantum electrodynamics) *

Screen-door effect The screen-door effect (SDE) is a visual artifact of displays, where the fine lines separating pixels (or subpixels) become visible in the displayed image. This can be seen in digital projector images and regular displays under magnification o ...

(display technology) (technology) *

Second gas effect During induction of general anesthesia, when a large volume of a gas (e.g. nitrous oxide) is taken up from alveoli into pulmonary capillary blood, the concentration of gases remaining in the alveoli is increased. This results in effects known as ...

(anesthesia) *

Second-system effect The second-system effect or second-system syndrome is the tendency of small, elegant, and successful systems to be succeeded by over-engineered, bloated systems, due to inflated expectations and overconfidence. The phrase was first used by Fred ...

(software development) *

Seeliger effect The opposition surge (sometimes known as the opposition effect, opposition spike or Seeliger effect) is the brightening of a rough surface, or an object with many particles, when illuminated from directly behind the observer. The term is most wid ...

(astronomy) (observational astronomy) *

Serial position effect Serial-position effect is the tendency of a person to recall the first and last items in a series best, and the middle items worst. The term was coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus through studies he performed on himself, and refers to the finding that re ...

(cognitive biases) (psychological theories) (psychologicy) *

Shaft effect The shaft effect, also known as elevator effect or shaft jacking, is a phenomenon occurring in shaft-drive motorcycles. This effect occurs because the acceleration being applied to the rear wheel creates a reactive force on the drive shaft. This in ...

(motorcycle) * Shapiro effect (effects of gravitation) *

Shielding effect In chemistry, the shielding effect sometimes referred to as atomic shielding or electron shielding describes the attraction between an electron and the nucleus in any atom with more than one electron. The shielding effect can be defined as a re ...

(atomic, molecular, and optical physics) (atomic physics) (chemistry) (quantum chemistry) *

Shower-curtain effect The shower-curtain effect in physics describes the phenomenon of a shower curtain being blown inward when a shower is running. The problem of identifying the cause of this effect has been featured in ''Scientific American'' magazine, with several t ...

(fluid dynamics) *

Shubnikov–de Haas effect An oscillation in the conductivity of a material that occurs at low temperatures in the presence of very intense magnetic fields, the Shubnikov–de Haas effect (SdH) is a macroscopic manifestation of the inherent quantum mechanical nature of matter ...

(science) *

Side effect (computer science) In computer science, an operation, function or expression is said to have a side effect if it modifies some state variable value(s) outside its local environment, which is to say if it has any observable effect other than its primary effect of r ...

(computer programming) *

Side effect In medicine, a side effect is an effect, whether therapeutic or adverse, that is secondary to the one intended; although the term is predominantly employed to describe adverse effects, it can also apply to beneficial, but unintended, consequence ...

(disambiguation) *

Signor–Lipps effect The Signor–Lipps effect is a paleontological principle proposed in 1982 by Philip W. Signor and Jere H. Lipps which states that, since the fossil record of organisms is never complete, neither the first nor the last organism in a given taxon w ...

(extinction) (fossils) (paleontology) *

Silk screen effect The silk screen effect (SSE) is a visual phenomenon seen in rear-projection televisions. SSE is described by viewers as seeing the texture of the television screen in front of the image. SSE may be found on all rear-projection televisions includin ...

(technology) * Silo effect (management) (systems theory) *

Simon effect The Simon effect is the difference in accuracy or reaction time between trials in which stimulus and response are on the same side and trials in which they are on opposite sides, with responses being generally slower and less accurate when the stim ...

(psychology) *

Simpson's paradox Simpson's paradox is a phenomenon in probability and statistics in which a trend appears in several groups of data but disappears or reverses when the groups are combined. This result is often encountered in social-science and medical-science st ...

aka Yule–Simpson effect (probability) (statistics) *

Skin effect Skin effect is the tendency of an alternating electric current (AC) to become distributed within a conductor such that the current density is largest near the surface of the conductor and decreases exponentially with greater depths in the co ...

(electronics) *

Slashdot effect The Slashdot effect, also known as slashdotting, occurs when a popular website links to a smaller website, causing a massive increase in traffic. This overloads the smaller site, causing it to slow down or even temporarily become unavailable. Thi ...

(denial-of-service attacks)(Internet terminology) (Slashdot) *

Sleeper effect The sleeper effect is a psychological phenomenon that relates to persuasion. It is a delayed increase in the effect of a message that is accompanied by a discounting cue. A discounting cue being some negative connotation or lack of credibility i ...

(social psychology) * Smith–Purcell effect (physics) (quantum optics) * Snackwell effect (consumer behaviour) (psychology) * Snob effect (consumer theory) (economics and finance) *

Snowball effect A snowball effect is a process that starts from an initial state of small significance and builds upon itself, becoming larger (graver, more serious), and also perhaps potentially dangerous or disastrous (a vicious circle), though it might be be ...

(language) (metaphors) * Somogyi effect (diabetes) *

Sound effect A sound effect (or audio effect) is an artificially created or enhanced sound, or sound process used to emphasize artistic or other content of films, television shows, live performance, animation, video games, music, or other media. Traditi ...

(film techniques) (sound effects) (sound production) (special effects) * Southwest effect, The (airline terminology) (Southwest Airlines) *

Spacing effect The spacing effect demonstrates that learning is more effective when study sessions are spaced out. This effect shows that more information is encoded into long-term memory by spaced study sessions, also known as ''spaced repetition'' or ''spac ...

(cognitive biases) (educational psychology) (psychological theories) *

Special effect Special effects (often abbreviated as SFX, F/X or simply FX) are illusions or visual tricks used in the theatre, film, television, video game, amusement park and simulator industries to simulate the imagined events in a story or virtual wor ...

(animation) (special effects) *

Spin Hall effect The spin Hall effect (SHE) is a transport phenomenon predicted by Russian physicists Mikhail I. Dyakonov and Vladimir I. Perel in 1971. It consists of the appearance of spin accumulation on the lateral surfaces of an electric current-carrying sa ...

(condensed matter physics) (Hall effect) (physics) (spintronics) *

Spoiler effect Vote splitting is an electoral effect in which the distribution of votes among multiple similar candidates reduces the chance of winning for any of the similar candidates, and increases the chance of winning for a dissimilar candidate. Vote spl ...

(psephology) (voting theory) * Stack effect *

Stark effect The Stark effect is the shifting and splitting of spectral lines of atoms and molecules due to the presence of an external electric field. It is the electric-field analogue of the Zeeman effect, where a spectral line is split into several compon ...

(atomic physics) (foundational quantum physics) (physical phenomena) *

Stars (shader effect) Stars is a computer graphics effect used by computer games. The effect takes the bright parts of a rendered image of the scene, and then smears them outward in a number of directions. The result is that bright areas have streaks emanating from th ...

(3D computer graphics) (computer graphics) (demo effects) *

Status effect In role-playing games, a status effect is a temporary modification to a game character’s original set of stats that usually comes into play when special powers and abilities (such as spells) are used, often during combat. It appears in nume ...

(video game gameplay) *

Stewart–Tolman effect The Stewart–Tolman effect is a phenomenon in electrodynamics caused by the finite mass of electrons in conducting metal, or, more generally, the finite mass of charge carriers in an electrical conductor. It is named after T. Dale Stewart and Ri ...

(electrodynamics) *

Stock sound effect A stock sound effect is a prerecorded sound effect intended to be reused with an entertainment product, as opposed to creating a new and unique sound effect. It is intended to work within a sound effect library. History As far back as Ancient Gre ...

(film and video technology) (film and video terminology) (film terminology) * Storage effect (demography) (population ecology) *

Streisand effect Attempts to hide, remove, or censor information often have the unintended consequence of increasing awareness of that information via the Internet. This is called the Streisand effect. It is named after American singer and actress Barbra Streis ...

(dynamic lists) (eponyms) (slang) *

Stroop effect ---- ---- Naming the font color of a printed word is an easier and quicker task if word meaning and font color are congruent. If two words are both printed in red, the average time to say "red" in response to the written word "green" is ...

(perception) (psychological tests) *

Steric effect Steric effects arise from the spatial arrangement of atoms. When atoms come close together there is a rise in the energy of the molecule. Steric effects are nonbonding interactions that influence the shape ( conformation) and reactivity of ions ...

(chemical kinetics) (chemical reactions) (collision theory) (molecular geometry) (stereochemistry) * Subadditivity effect (cognitive biases) *

Subject-expectancy effect In scientific research and psychotherapy, the subject-expectancy effect, is a form of reactivity that occurs when a research subject expects a given result and therefore unconsciously affects the outcome, or reports the expected result. Because ...

(cognitive biases) * Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect (physical cosmology) (radio astronomy) * SVG filter effect (computer graphics) (computer graphics techniques) (image processing) (Scalable Vector Graphics) * Szilard–Chalmers effect (nuclear chemistry)

T

* Tamagotchi effect (psychology) *

Tanada effect The Tanada effect refers to the adhesion of root tips to glass surfaces. It is believed to involve electric potentials. It is named for the scientist who first described the effect, Takuma Tanada. The phenomenon was observed while Dr. Tanada was r ...

(botany) * Tanzi effect (taxation) *

Telescoping effect In cognitive psychology, the telescoping effect (or telescoping bias) refers to the temporal displacement of an event whereby people perceive recent events as being more remote than they are and distant events as being more recent than they are. Th ...

(memory biases) (psychology) *

Testing effect The testing effect (also known as retrieval practice, active recall, practice testing, or test-enhanced learning) suggests long-term memory is increased when some of the learning period is devoted to retrieving information from memory. It is diff ...

(educational psychology) (memory) *

Tetris effect The ''Tetris'' effect (also known as ''Tetris'' syndrome) occurs when people devote so much time and attention to an activity that it begins to pattern their thoughts, mental images, and dreams. It takes its name from the video game ''Tetris''. ...

(memory) (Tetris) *

Thatcher effect The Thatcher effect or Thatcher illusion is a phenomenon where it becomes more difficult to detect local feature changes in an upside-down face, despite identical changes being obvious in an upright face. It is named after the then British prime ...

(vision) *

Therapeutic effect Therapeutic effect refers to the response(s) after a treatment of any kind, the results of which are judged to be useful or favorable. This is true whether the result was expected, unexpected, or even an unintended consequence. An adverse effect (i ...

(medical treatment) (pharmacology) *

Thermal flywheel effect In building design, thermal mass is a property of the mass of a building that enables it to store heat and provide inertia against temperature fluctuations. It is sometimes known as the thermal flywheel effect. The thermal mass of heavy structura ...

(heat) (thermodynamics) *

Thermal Hall effect In solid-state physics, the thermal Hall effect, also known as the Righi–Leduc effect, named after independent co-discoverers Augusto Righi and Sylvestre Anatole Leduc, is the thermal analog of the Hall effect. Given a thermal gradient across a so ...

(condensed matter) (Hall effect) (superconductivity) *

Third-person effect The third-person effect hypothesis predicts that people tend to perceive that mass media messages have a greater effect on others than on themselves, based on personal biases. The third-person effect manifests itself through an individual's overe ...

(media studies) *

Thorpe–Ingold effect The Thorpe–Ingold effect, gem-dimethyl effect, or angle compression is an effect observed in chemistry where increasing steric hindrance favours ring closure and intramolecular reactions. The effect was first reported by Beesley, Thorpe, and In ...

(chemical kinetics) (organic chemistry) * Threshold effect (particle physics) (physics) (renormalization group) * Tinkerbell effect (sociology) *

Tocqueville effect The Tocqueville effect (also known as the Tocqueville paradox) is the phenomenon in which, as social conditions and opportunities improve, social frustration grows more quickly. The effect is based on Alexis de Tocqueville's observations on the Fre ...

(sociology) *

Training effect Exercise physiology is the physiology of physical exercise. It is one of the allied health professions, and involves the study of the acute responses and chronic adaptations to exercise. Exercise physiologists are the highest qualified exercise ...

(cardiovascular system) (exercise physiology) (medicine) (respiratory system) (sports terminology) *

Trans effect In inorganic chemistry, the trans effect is the increased lability of ligands that are trans to certain other ligands, which can thus be regarded as trans-directing ligands. It is attributed to electronic effects and it is most notable in square pl ...

(coordination chemistry) * Transformer effect (electrodynamics) *

Transverse flow effect Transverse flow effect is an aerodynamic effect encountered when a helicopter moves horizontally (typically forward) through the air, which causes the rotor disc to roll to the side. It is also known as transverse roll or inflow roll. Transverse f ...

(aerodynamics) *

Trench effect The trench effect is a combination of circumstances that can rush a fire up an inclined surface. It depends on two well-understood but separate ideas: the Coandă effect from fluid dynamics and the flashover concept from fire dynamics: * The Coa ...

(fire) *

Triboelectric effect The triboelectric effect (also known as triboelectric charging) is a type of contact electrification on which certain materials become electrically charged after they are separated from a different material with which they were in contact. Rubb ...

(electrical phenomena) (electricity) * Trickle up effect * Trickle-down effect (marketing) *

Twisted nematic field effect The twisted nematic effect (''TN-effect'') was a main technology breakthrough that made LCDs practical. Unlike earlier displays, TN-cells did not require a current to flow for operation and used low operating voltages suitable for use with batter ...

(display technology) (liquid crystal displays) (liquid crystals) *

Twomey effect The Twomey effect describes how additional cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), possibly from anthropogenic pollution, may increase the amount of solar radiation reflected by clouds. This is an indirect effect (or radiative forcing) by such particles, ...

(air pollution) (atmospheric radiation) (clouds, fog and precipitation) *

Tyndall effect The Tyndall effect is light scattering by particles in a colloid or in a very fine suspension. Also known as Tyndall scattering, it is similar to Rayleigh scattering, in that the intensity of the scattered light is inversely proportional to the ...

(physical phenomena) (scattering)

U

* Umov effect (astronomy) (observational astronomy) (planetary science) *

Unruh effect The Unruh effect (also known as the Fulling–Davies–Unruh effect) is a kinematic prediction of quantum field theory that an accelerating observer will observe a thermal bath, like blackbody radiation, whereas an inertial observer would observe ...

(quantum field theory) (thermodynamics) *

Urban heat island effect An urban heat island (UHI) is an urban area, urban or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human impact on the environment, human activities. The temperature difference is usually larger at nigh ...

(climate change feedbacks and causes) (climate forcing)

V

* Vandenbergh effect (biology) *

Vaporific effect The vaporific effect is a flash fire resulting from the impact of high-velocity projectiles with metallic objects. 1964 study A November 1964 study by the United States Department of Defense aimed at studying this phenomenon and what causes it ...

(fire) * Veblen effect (consumer theory) (goods) *

Venturi effect The Venturi effect is the reduction in fluid pressure that results when a fluid flows through a constricted section (or choke) of a pipe. The Venturi effect is named after its discoverer, the 18th century Italian physicist, Giovanni Battista V ...

(fluid dynamics) *

Venus effect The Venus effect is a phenomenon in the psychology of perception, named after various paintings of Venus gazing into a mirror, such as Diego Velázquez's ''Rokeby Venus'', Titian's ''Venus with a Mirror'', and Veronese's ''Venus with a Mirror' ...

(artistic techniques) (cognitive science) (film techniques) (mirrors) (psychology) *

Visual effects Visual effects (sometimes abbreviated VFX) is the process by which imagery is created or manipulated outside the context of a live-action shot in filmmaking and video production. The integration of live-action footage and other live-action foota ...

(computer generated imagery) * Visual effects art director * Voigt effect (magnetism) (optics) *

Von Restorff effect The Von Restorff effect, also known as the "isolation effect", predicts that when multiple homogeneous stimuli are presented, the stimulus that differs from the rest is more likely to be remembered. The theory was coined by German psychiatrist and p ...

(cognitive biases) (psychological theories) *

Vroman effect The Vroman effect, named after Leo Vroman, describes the process of competitive protein adsorption to a surface by blood serum proteins. The highest mobility proteins generally arrive first and are later replaced by less mobile proteins that hav ...

(molecular and cellular biology)

W

Wagon-wheel effect The wagon-wheel effect (alternatively called stagecoach-wheel effect or stroboscopic effect) is an optical illusion in which a spoked wheel appears to rotate differently from its true rotation. The wheel can appear to rotate more slowly than the ...

(optical illusion) *

Wahlund effect In population genetics, the Wahlund effect is a reduction of heterozygosity (that is when an organism has two different alleles at a locus) in a population caused by subpopulation structure. Namely, if two or more subpopulations are in a Hardy– ...

(evolution) (population genetics) * Walker effect (illusions of self-motion) (spatial misconception) *

Walkman effect The Walkman effect refers to the way music listened to via headphones allows the user to gain more control over their environment. It was coined by International Research Center for Japanese Studies Professor Shuhei Hosokawa in an article of the ...

(computing and society) (technology) * Wallace effect (evolutionary biology) (speciation) * Warburg effect (biochemistry) (oncology) (photosynthesis) *

Wealth effect The wealth effect is the change in spending that accompanies a change in perceived wealth. Usually the wealth effect is positive: spending changes in the same direction as perceived wealth. Effect on individuals Changes in a consumer's wealth cause ...

(economics and finance) (wealth) *

Weapons effect The weapons effect is a controversial theory described and debated in the scientific field of social psychology. It refers to the mere presence of a weapon or a picture of a weapon leading to more aggressive behavior in humans, particularly if the ...

(gun politics) *

Weathervane effect Weathervaning or weathercocking is a phenomenon experienced by aircraft on the ground and rotorcraft on the ground and when hovering. Aircraft on the ground have a natural pivoting point on a plane through the Landing gear, main landing gear cont ...

(aviation terminology) *

Weissenberg effect The Weissenberg effect is a phenomenon that occurs when a spinning rod is inserted into a solution of elastic liquid. Instead of being thrown outward, the solution is drawn towards the rod and rises up around it. This is a direct consequence of the ...

(physics) *

Westermarck effect The Westermarck effect, also known as reverse sexual imprinting, is a psychological hypothesis that people tend not to be attracted to peers with whom they lived like siblings before age six. This hypothesis was first proposed by Finnish anthr ...

(psychology) (incest) * Wet floor effect (computer graphic techniques) (computer graphics) (Web 2.0) *

Whitten effect The Whitten effect is stimulation, by male pheromones, of synchronous estrus in a female population. Social signals, or social stimuli, have an effect on reproduction in all mammals. For certain female mice, the pheromones contained in the urine ...

(menstruation) *

Wien effect The Wien effect is the experimentally-observed increase in ionic mobility or conductivity of electrolytes at very high gradient of electrical potential. A theoretical explanation has been proposed by Lars Onsager. A related phenomenon is known as ...

(electrochemistry) *

Wigner effect The Wigner effect (named for its discoverer, Eugene Wigner), also known as the discomposition effect or Wigner's disease, is the displacement of atoms in a solid caused by neutron radiation. Any solid can display the Wigner effect. The effect is ...

(condensed matter physics) (nuclear technology) (physical phenomena) (radiation effects) * Wilson effect (astronomy) (Sun) *

Wilson–Bappu effect The Ca II K line in cool stars is among the strongest emission lines which originates in the star's chromosphere. In 1957, Olin C. Wilson and M. K. Vainu Bappu reported on the remarkable correlation between the measured width of the aforemen ...

(physics) * Wimbledon effect (economic theories) (economy of Japan) (economy of London) *

Windkessel effect Windkessel effect is a term used in medicine to account for the shape of the arterial blood pressure waveform in terms of the interaction between the stroke volume and the compliance of the aorta and large elastic arteries (Windkessel vessels) an ...

(physiology) * Withgott effect (linguistics) (phonetics) * Wolf effect (scattering) (spectroscopy) *

Wolff–Chaikoff effect The Wolff–Chaikoff effect is a presumed reduction in thyroid hormone levels caused by ingestion of a large amount of iodine. It was discovered by Drs. Jan Wolff and Israel Lyon Chaikoff at the University of California, Berkeley: in 1948, th ...

(iodine) (medicine) *

Woozle effect The Woozle effect, also known as evidence by citation, occurs when a source is widely cited for a claim it does not adequately support, giving said claim undeserved credibility. If replication studies are not done and no one notices that a key ...

(psychology) (scientific method) (sociology) * Word superiority effect (cognitive science) *

Worse-than-average effect The worse-than-average effect or below-average effect is the human tendency to underestimate one's achievements and capabilities in relation to others. It is the opposite of the usually pervasive better-than-average effect (in contexts where the ...

(cognitive biases) (psychological theories) (social psychology)

X

Xenia effect Xenia (also known as the Xenia effect) in plants is the effect of pollen on seeds and fruit of the fertilized plant. The effect is separate from the contribution of the pollen towards the next generation. The term was coined in 1881 by the botanis ...

(agriculture) (genetics)

Y

Yarkovsky effect The Yarkovsky effect is a force acting on a rotating body in space caused by the anisotropic emission of thermal photons, which carry momentum. It is usually considered in relation to meteoroids or small asteroids (about 10 cm to 10 km i ...

(celestial mechanics) *

Yarkovsky–O'Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack effect The Yarkovsky–O'Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack effect, or YORP effect for short, changes the rotation state of a small astronomical body – that is, the body's spin rate and the obliquity of its pole(s) – due to the scattering of solar rad ...

(celestial mechanics) *

Yule–Simpson effect Simpson's paradox is a phenomenon in probability and statistics in which a trend appears in several groups of data but disappears or reverses when the groups are combined. This result is often encountered in social-science and medical-science s ...

(probability) (statistics)

Z

Zeeman effect The Zeeman effect (; ) is the effect of splitting of a spectral line into several components in the presence of a static magnetic field. It is named after the Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman, who discovered it in 1896 and received a Nobel prize ...

(atomic physics) (foundational quantum physics) (magnetism) (physical phenomena) *

Zeigarnik effect Named after Lithuanian-Soviet psychologist Bluma Zeigarnik, in psychology the Zeigarnik effect occurs when an activity that has been interrupted may be more readily recalled. It postulates that people remember unfinished or interrupted tasks bett ...

(cognitive biases) (educational psychology) (learning) (psychological theories) {{DEFAULTSORT:Effects Science-related lists Technical terminology Scientific_phenomena