The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to exercise:

Exercise Exercise is a body activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness. It is performed for various reasons, to aid growth and improve strength, develop muscles and the cardiovascular system, hone athletic ...

– any bodily activity that enhances or log

physical fitness Physical fitness is a state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to perform aspects of Outline of sports, sports, occupations and daily activities. Physical fitness is generally achieved through proper nutrition, moderate ...

and overall health and wellness. It is performed for various reasons including strengthening

muscle Skeletal muscles (commonly referred to as muscles) are organs of the vertebrate muscular system and typically are attached by tendons to bones of a skeleton. The muscle cells of skeletal muscles are much longer than in the other types of muscl ...

s and the

cardiovascular system The blood circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate. It includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, tha ...

, honing

athletic Athletic may refer to: * An athlete, a sportsperson * Athletic director, a position at many American universities and schools * Athletic type, a physical/psychological type in the classification of Ernst Kretschmer * Athletic of Philadelphia, a ...

skills, weight loss or maintenance, as well as for the purpose of enjoyment. Frequent and regular physical exercise boosts the immune system, and helps prevent the "

diseases of affluence Diseases of affluence, previously called diseases of rich people, is a term sometimes given to selected diseases and other health conditions which are commonly thought to be a result of increasing wealth in a society. Also referred to as the "Wes ...

" such as

heart disease Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. CVD includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs include stroke, hea ...

cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. CVD includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs include stroke, h ...

, Type 2 diabetes and obesity.Hu., F., Manson, J., Stampfer, M., Graham, C., et al. (2001). Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. ''The New England Journal of Medicine, 345''(11), 790–797. Retrieved October 5, 2006, from ProQuest database.''

Types of exercise

Aerobic exercise

Armedforces crosscountry coppingerandballas

Aerobic exercise – * Aerobics * Circuit training * Cycling * Hiking * Running * Skipping rope * Swimming * Walking * Power walking

Anaerobic exercise

Anaerobic exercise Anaerobic exercise is a type of exercise that breaks down glucose in the body without using oxygen; ''anaerobic'' means "without oxygen". In practical terms, this means that anaerobic exercise is more intense, but shorter in duration than aerobi ...

– * Bodybuilding * Eccentric training * Functional training *

Sprinting Sprinting is running over a short distance at the top-most speed of the body in a limited period of time. It is used in many sports that incorporate running, typically as a way of quickly reaching a target or goal, or avoiding or catching an op ...

* Weight training

Strength training

Strength training (by muscle to be strengthened; (c) = compound exercise, (i) = isolated exercise) * Quadriceps (front of thighs) ** Frog Jumping (i) ** Leg extension (i) ** Leg press (c) ** Lunge (c) ** Squat (c) * Hamstrings (back of thighs) ** Deadlift (c) ** Frog jumping (i) **

Good-morning The good-morning is a weight training exercise. It is known as a good morning because of the movement in the erector spinae which resembles the bow that traditionally begins a schoolday in some East-Asian countries. The erector spinae muscles of ...

Calf raise Calf raises are a method of exercise, exercising the triceps surae (gastrocnemius and soleus), tibialis posterior, and peroneal muscles of the lower leg. The movement performed is plantar flexion, also called ankle extension. Bent-knee Calf raises ...

(i) * Pectorals (chest) **

Bench press The bench press, or chest press, is a weight training exercise in which the trainee presses a weight upwards while lying on a weight training bench. Although the bench press is a full-body exercise, the muscles primarily used are the pectorali ...

Chest fly A fly or flye is a strength training exercise in which the hand and arm move through an arc while the elbow is kept at a constant angle. Flies are used to work the muscles of the upper body. Because these exercises use the arms as levers at th ...

(i) ** Dips **

Machine fly A machine fly, alternatively called a seated lever fly or "Pec Deck" fly is a strength training exercise based on the free weight chest fly. As with the chest fly, the hand and arm move through an arc while the elbow is kept at a constant angle. ...

(i) ** Push-up (c) *

Lats Lats or LATS may refer to: * Latissimus dorsi muscle * Latvian lats, former currency of Latvia * Latin American Test Symposium of test and fault tolerance technologists * Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme, a UK scheme to reduce biodegradable waste ...

and trapezius (back) ** Bent-over row (c) ** Chin-up (c) ** Pulldown (c) ** Pullup (c) **

Seated row In strength training, rowing (or a row, usually preceded by a qualifying adjective — for instance a ''seated row'') is an exercise where the purpose is to strengthen the muscles that draw the rower's arms toward the body ( latissimus dorsi) a ...

Supine row The inverted row (also known as "horizontal pull-up") is an exercise in weight training. It primarily works the muscles of the upper back—the trapezius and latissimus dorsi—as well as the biceps as a secondary muscle group. The supine row i ...

Deltoids The deltoid muscle is the muscle forming the rounded contour of the human shoulder. It is also known as the 'common shoulder muscle', particularly in other animals such as the domestic cat. Anatomically, the deltoid muscle appears to be made up o ...

(shoulders) ** Front raise (i) ** Head stand into Handstand push-up (c) **

Lateral raise A fly or flye is a strength training exercise in which the hand and arm move through an arc while the elbow is kept at a constant angle. Flies are used to work the muscles of the upper body. Because these exercises use the arms as levers at t ...

(i) ** Military press (c) ** Rear delt raise (i) **

Shoulder press The overhead press is an upper-body weight training exercise in which the trainee presses a weight overhead while seated or standing. It is mainly used to develop the anterior deltoid muscles of the shoulder. The standing version was once a compone ...

Biceps The biceps or biceps brachii ( la, musculus biceps brachii, "two-headed muscle of the arm") is a large muscle that lies on the front of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow. Both heads of the muscle arise on the scapula and join ...

(front of arms) ** Biceps curl (i) ** Pull ups with a supinated grip * Triceps (back of arms) ** Close-grip bench press (c) ** Dip (c) ** Pushdown (i) ** Triceps extension (i) * Forearms **

Wrist curl The wrist curl is a weight training exercise for developing just the wrist flexion, flexor muscles of the forearm. It is therefore an isolation exercise. Ideally, it should be done in combination with the "reverse wrist curl" (also called wrist ext ...

(i) **

Wrist extension In human anatomy, the wrist is variously defined as (1) the carpus or carpal bones, the complex of eight bones forming the proximal skeletal segment of the hand; "The wrist contains eight bones, roughly aligned in two rows, known as the carpal ...

(i) * Abdomen and obliques (belly) ** Crunch (i) **

Leg raise The leg raise is a strength training exercise which targets the iliopsoas (the anterior hip flexors). Because the abdominal muscles are used isometrically to stabilize the body during the motion, leg raises are also often used to strengthen the r ...

Russian twist The Russian twist is a simple abdominal exercise for working the core, shoulders, and hips. It is typically performed in repetitive sets and tones the core muscles via a twisting motion focused around the abdomen. The exercise can help build stren ...

Lower back The human back, also called the dorsum, is the large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck. It is the surface of the body opposite from the chest and the abdomen. The vertebral column runs ...

** Deadlift (c) **

Pelvis The pelvis (plural pelves or pelvises) is the lower part of the trunk, between the abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region), together with its embedded skeleton (sometimes also called bony pelvis, or pelvic skeleton). The ...

** Vaginal weightlifting * Extended length conditioning

Calisthenics

A form of exercise consisting of a variety of movements that exercise large muscle groups. Calisthenics *

Abdominal exercise Abdominal exercises are a type of strength exercise that affect the abdominal muscles (colloquially known as the stomach muscles or "abs"). Human abdominal consist of four muscles which are the rectus abdomens, internal oblique, external oblique, a ...

* Burpees * Calf-raises * Crunches * Dips * Hyperextensions * Jumping jacks *

s * Lunges * Plank * Pull-ups * Muscle-ups * Push-ups * Sit-ups * Squat jumps (Toyotas/box jumps) * Squats Additional calisthenics exercises that can support the muscle groups – * Bend and reach (back and legs stretch) * High jump (full body stretch) * Rower (back, upper legs and abdomen) * Squat bend (full body stretch)

Stretching exercises

Stretching – * Ballistic stretching * Dynamic stretching * PNF stretching * Static stretching **

Passive stretching Stretching is a form of physical exercise in which a specific muscle or tendon (or muscle group) is deliberately flexed or stretched in order to improve the muscle's felt elasticity and achieve comfortable muscle tone. The result is a feeling ...

Specialized training methods

* Altitude training * Ballistic training * Boxing training * Circuit training * Complex training * Cross training * Endurance training **

Long slow distance Long slow distance (LSD) is a form of aerobic endurance training used in sports including running, rowing, skiing and cycling.Burke, Ed and Ed Pavalka. 2000. ''The complete book of long-distance cycling: build the strength, skills, and confidence ...

* Grip strength training * Interval training * Plyometrics (jump training) * Power training * Strength training ** High intensity training ** Suspension training ** Weight training *** Resistance training ***

Training to failure In weight training, training to failure is repeating an exercise (such as the bench press) to the point of momentary muscular failure, i.e. the point where the neuromuscular system can no longer produce adequate force to overcome a specific workl ...

Other

Physical therapy Physical therapy (PT), also known as physiotherapy, is one of the allied health professions. It is provided by physical therapists who promote, maintain, or restore health through physical examination, diagnosis, management, prognosis, patient ...

* Pilates * Yoga

Exercise and health

* Exercise trends

Health benefits of exercise

* Aerobic conditioning * Neurobiological effects of physical exercise - improves: ** Executive function ** Memory **

Stress management Stress management is a wide spectrum of techniques and psychotherapies aimed at controlling a person's level of stress, especially chronic stress, usually for the purpose of and for the motive of improving everyday functioning. Stress produces num ...

Physical fitness Physical fitness is a state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to perform aspects of Outline of sports, sports, occupations and daily activities. Physical fitness is generally achieved through proper nutrition, moderate ...

, including improving and maintaining these aspects of it: ** Accuracy **

Agility Agility or nimbleness is an ability to change the body's list of human positions, position quickly and requires the integration of isolated movement skills using a combination of balance (ability), balance, coordination (physiology), coordination ...

** Balance **

Coordination Coordination may refer to: * Coordination (linguistics), a compound grammatical construction * Coordination complex, consisting of a central atom or ion and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions * Coordination number or ligancy of a centr ...

** Endurance ** Flexibility ** Power ** Speed **

Stamina Stamina may refer to: Biology and healthcare * Endurance, the ability of an organism to exert itself and remain active for a long period of time, as well as its ability to resist, withstand, recover from, and have immunity to trauma, wounds, or fat ...

** Strength * Prevention – exercise helps prevent: ** Cancer ** Drug addiction **

Hypertension Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms. Long-term high bl ...

** Major depressive disorder ** Neurodegenerative disorders ** Obesity **

Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to bone fragility, and consequent increase in fracture risk. It is the most common reason for a broken bone ...

** Type 2 Diabetes

Dangers of exercise

* Cramps * Dehydration * Heat stroke * Overtraining * Sports injury **

Sprain A sprain, also known as a torn ligament, is an acute soft tissue injury of the ligaments within a joint, often caused by a sudden movement abruptly forcing the joint to exceed its functional range of motion. Ligaments are tough, inelastic fibers ...

– pull or rupture ligaments ** Strain – pull or rupture muscles ** Tendon rupture *** Achilles tendon rupture

Terminology

* Reps – * Sets – * Workout – *

Warm up 'Warming up' is a part of stretching and preparation for physical exertion or a performance by exercising or practicing gently beforehand, usually undertaken before a performance or practice. Athletes, singers, actors and others warm up before s ...

– * Ripped – * Buff – * Recovery – ;Nutritional * Formula – *

Dietary supplement A dietary supplement is a manufactured product intended to supplement one's diet by taking a pill, capsule, tablet, powder, or liquid. A supplement can provide nutrients either extracted from food sources or that are synthetic in order ...

– * Protein – * Whey protein – * Energy drink – * Snack bar – * Amino acid – * Creatine * Vitamin B2 * Vitamin B6 * Vitamin B12 ;Biological *

Muscle Skeletal muscles (commonly referred to as muscles) are organs of the vertebrate muscular system and typically are attached by tendons to bones of a skeleton. The muscle cells of skeletal muscles are much longer than in the other types of muscl ...

* Muscle tissue * Muscle fiber * Joint * Tendon

History of exercise

* Aerobic exercise § History * Bodybuilding § History * Exercise § History * Exercise physiology § History * Exercise trends * Fitness boot camp § History * Fitness culture * Physical culture * Outdoor fitness § History

Exercise equipment

List of exercise equipment

Traditional

* Dumbbell * Barbell * Cable attachments * Chin-up bar * Kettlebell * Treadmill * Punching bag * Metal bar * Bench

Other

* Abdomenizer * Aerobie *

Air flow ball Air flow balls are small, plastic balls, often used in physical training because of their many gaping holes, which help reduce backspin and increase friction, thus hampering the ability to travel long distances. Also, the light plastic shell cuts ...

* Atlas Bar ergonomic cable attachment *

BOSU A BOSU Balance Trainer (or BOSU ball) is a fitness training device, invented in 1999 by David Weck. It consists of an inflated rubber Sphere, hemisphere attached to a rigid platform. The device is often used for Balance (ability), balance trainin ...

Balance board A balance board is a device used as a circus skill, for recreation, balance training, athletic training, brain development, therapy, musical training and other kinds of personal development. It is a lever similar to a see-saw that the use ...

* Baoding Balls *

Battling ropes Battling ropes (also known as battle ropes or heavy ropes) are used for fitness training to increase full body strength and conditioning. It was designed by John Brookfield in 2006, who developed the system around his backyard. It can be alterna ...

Bicycle A bicycle, also called a pedal cycle, bike or cycle, is a human-powered or motor-powered assisted, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A is called a cyclist, or bicyclist. Bic ...

* Bone exercise monitor * Bowflex * Bulgarian Bag *

Bullworker Bullworker is a product and fitness company that specializes in isometric exercise. The original portable home fitness device was invented by Gert F. Kölbel in 1962. The devices before the Bullworker Arthur Aubriot Pons The original device was p ...

* Carva * Communications Specification for Fitness Equipment *

Cybex International Cybex International (NASDAQCYBI is an American fitness equipment manufacturer for commercial and consumer use. They produce mainly cardiovascular and strength equipment such as Arc Trainers, treadmills, stationary bicycles and steppers. Cybex ma ...

* Elliptical trainer * Exercise machine * Exercise ball *

Exertris Exertris was an exergaming company founded in 2000 by Gareth Davies. Their flagship product was the Exertris Interactive Exercise Bike, an exercise bike that uses several built in video games to motivate users. The bike Davies, a Ph.D physicist ...

* Fitness trail *

Foam roller A foam roller is a lightweight, cylindrical tube of compressed foam. It may be used for many reasons, including increasing flexibility, reducing soreness, and eliminating muscle knots. Foam rolling is a method of self-myofascial release. Foam ro ...

Galileo Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath. Commonly referred to as Galileo, his name was pronounced (, ). He was ...

* Gamebike *

Gravity boots Inversion therapy, or simply inversion, is the process of seeking therapeutic benefits from hanging by the legs, ankles, or feet in an inverted angle or entirely upside down. It is a form of spinal traction. Spinal Traction can be useful for eff ...

Grippers Grippers, sometimes called hand grippers, are primarily used for testing and increasing the strength of the hands; this specific form of grip strength has been called crushing grip, which has been defined as meaning the prime movers are the f ...

* Gymnasticon * Heart rate monitor *

Hydraulic Exercise Equipment Hydraulic exercise equipment is a form of exercise machine used in a number of strength training programs. They are most often found in circuit training gyms. Hydraulic circuit training machines were first developed for The Henley Corporation in t ...

ICON Health & Fitness An icon () is a religious work of art, most commonly a painting, in the cultures of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Catholic churches. They are not simply artworks; "an icon is a sacred image used in religious devotion". The most c ...

* Indoor rower * Inversion therapy * Isometric exercise device * Jade egg * Lifting stone * Mallakhamb * Medicine ball * NordicTrack * Outdoor gym *

PCGamerBike The PCGamerBike is an exercise bike that can interact with computer games. It uses magnets to produce resistance which makes the bike relatively quiet in operation, and comes with software that will automatically logs calories burned, distance and ...

* Pedometer * Pole dance * Power tower * Power-Plate *

Range of Motion Range of motion (or ROM), is the linear or angular distance that a moving object may normally travel while properly attached to another. It is also called range of travel (or ROT), particularly when talking about mechanical devices and in mechanic ...

* Resistance band * Roman chair * RowPerfect * Scrum machine *

Slant board A slant board is a flat surface set at an angle or slant. Such boards may be used for a variety of purposes. Movies Movie studios provide them for actors to rest on between performances to avoid wrinkling costumes. Exercise There are two vari ...

Soloflex Soloflex refers to both the Soloflex exercise machine and to Soloflex, Inc., the company that created and produces it. Instead of pulleys, the Soloflex used an elastomer Weightstrap made of heavy-duty rubber to create variable resistance. The com ...

Stairmaster StairMaster is an American company specializing in the design and production of fitness equipment. They sell cardiovascular and strength equipment such as stair climbing machines, TreadClimber cardio machines and dumbbell sets. The Stairmaster ...

* Stationary bicycle *

Training mask Training is teaching, or developing in oneself or others, any skills and knowledge or fitness that relate to specific useful competencies. Training has specific goals of improving one's capability, capacity, productivity and performance. ...

Thighmaster The Thighmaster is an exercise product designed to shape one's thighs. The device is essentially two pieces of metal tube bent in a loop and connected with a hinge. The intended use is to put the Thighmaster between the knees and squeeze them toge ...

* Total Gym * Treadmill **

Treadmill Desk A treadmill desk, walking desk or treadmill workstation is a computer desk that is adapted so that the user walks on a treadmill while performing office tasks. Persons using a treadmill desk seek to change the sedentary lifestyle associated wit ...

** Treadmill with Vibration Isolation System ** Treadmill workstation * Vaginal cone * Wall bars *

Weighted clothing Weighted clothing are garments that have heavy materials incorporated into them, to add weight to various parts of the body, usually as part of resistance training. The effect is achieved through attaching weighted pieces to the body (or to other ...

Wheelchair trainer A wheelchair trainer or wheelchair treadmill is an apparatus that allows a manual wheelchair user to simulate linear (translational) travel while remaining stationary in a manner similar to an ambulatory person walking or running on a treadmill or a ...

* Wobble board * Wrist roller * Yoni egg * Barbell * Bench (weight training) * Bowflex * Bulgarian Bag * Cable machine *

Captains of Crush Grippers Captains of Crush Grippers (commonly nicknamed "''CoC''") is a brand of torsion-spring grippers (a torsion spring fitted with two handles) designed, manufactured and sold by IronMind Enterprises, Inc., based in Nevada City, California. They are t ...

Dip bar A dip bar is a piece of fitness equipment that consists of a U-shaped bar, usually about 1" (2.5 cm) in diameter, which surrounds the user's body at the waist. It is designed for the performance of, and named after, the dip exercise. In addition ...

* Dumbbell * Halteres (ancient Greece) * Indian clubs * Iron rings * IronMind * Kettlebell * Leg press *

Power cage A power rack (also known as a power cage, squat cage or squat rack) is a piece of weight training equipment that functions as a mechanical spotter for free weight barbell exercises without the movement restrictions imposed by equipment such as ...

Shake Weight The Shake Weight is a modified dumbbell that oscillates, purportedly increasing the effects of exercise. As a result of the perceived sexually suggestive nature of the product, infomercial clips of the exercise device have gone viral. A 2011 st ...

Smith machine The Smith machine is a weight machine used for weight training. It consists of a barbell that is fixed within steel rails allowing only vertical or near-vertical movement. Some Smith machines have the barbell counterbalanced. The machine can b ...

* Total Gym * Trap bar *

TRX System The TRX System, also known as Total Resistance Exercises, refers to a specialized form of suspension training that utilizes equipment developed by former U.S. Navy SEAL Randy Hetrick. TRX is a form of suspension training that uses body weight exe ...

* Universal Gym Equipment * Weight machine * York Barbell

Physiology of exercise

Exercise physiology Exercise physiology is the physiology of physical exercise. It is one of the allied health professions, and involves the study of the acute responses and chronic adaptations to exercise. Exercise physiologists are the highest qualified exercise ...

* Aerobic exercise *

* Exercise induced nausea * Grip strength * Muscle hypertrophy * Overtraining * Stretching * Supercompensation * Warming up * Weight cutting * Weight loss

Health monitor

Remote physiological monitoring *

Body fat percentage The body fat percentage (BFP) of a human or other living being is the total mass of fat divided by total body mass, multiplied by 100; body fat includes essential body fat and storage body fat. Essential body fat is necessary to maintain life and ...

Blood pressure Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system. When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" r ...

* Heart rate *

Pulse rate In medicine, a pulse represents the tactile arterial palpation of the cardiac cycle (heartbeat) by trained fingertips. The pulse may be palpated in any place that allows an artery to be compressed near the surface of the body, such as at the nec ...

* Respiration rate

Miscellaneous concepts

Fitness professional A professional fitness coach is a professional in the field of fitness and exercise, most often instruction (fitness instructor), including professional sports club's fitness trainers and aerobics and yoga instructors and authors of fitness inst ...

* Personal trainer *

Significant people of physical fitness

* Lance Armstrong *

Roger Bannister Sir Roger Gilbert Bannister (23 March 1929 – 3 March 2018) was an English neurologist and middle-distance athlete who ran the first sub-4-minute mile. At the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki, Bannister set a British record in the 1500 metres and ...

John Basedow John Basedow is an American television personality, model, author, and motivational speaker. He produces the ''Fitness Made Simple'' video series and the Internet series ''New Media Stew''. Career Early work Basedow started his career as a repo ...

* Georges Hébert (b.1875-d.1957) * Jack LaLanne (b.1914-d.2011) * Robyn Landis *

Erwan Le Corre Erwan Le Corre, a French American born on September 10, 1971, is the founder and innovator of a physical education system and lifestyle known as MovNat, which derives from the French words "mouvement naturel" ("natural movement"). Early life and ...

* Joseph Pilates (b.1883-d.1967) * Susan Powter *

Arnold Schwarzenegger Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian and American actor, film producer, businessman, retired professional bodybuilder and politician who served as the 38th governor of California between 2003 and 2011. ''Time'' ...

Lists

* List of exercise equipment *

List of weight training exercises This is a partial list of weight training exercises organized by muscle groups. Overview The human body can be broken down into different muscles and muscle groups, which can be worked and strengthened by exercise. This table shows major muscles ...

References

External links

Yahoo! HealthAlberta Centre for Active Living Physical Activity @ Work websiteAmerican College of Sports Medicine website
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Types of exercise

Aerobic exercise

Anaerobic exercise

Strength training

Calisthenics

Stretching exercises

Specialized training methods

Other

Exercise and health

Health benefits of exercise

Dangers of exercise

Terminology

History of exercise

Exercise equipment

Traditional

Other

Physiology of exercise

Health monitor

Miscellaneous concepts

Significant people of physical fitness

Lists

See also

References

External links