This is a list of human

anatomy Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its ...

mnemonics A mnemonic ( ) device, or memory device, is any learning technique that aids information retention or retrieval (remembering) in the human memory for better understanding. Mnemonics make use of elaborative encoding, retrieval cues, and imagery ...

, categorized and alphabetized. For mnemonics in other medical specialties, see this

list of medical mnemonics This is a list of mnemonics used in medicine and medical science, categorized and alphabetized. A mnemonic is any technique that assists the human memory with information retention or retrieval by making abstract or impersonal information more acc ...

. Made to serve as a rembrance.

Bones

Bones of the Upper Limbs

How Rare U Cook Mesquite Pork? Hurry! Ralph Untie Carol's Mini Pechay He Races Until Chunky Men Pace *Humerus *Radius *Ulna *Carpal bones *Metacarpal bones *Phalanges (In order from proximal to distal)

Bones of the Arm

"Ultra Red Hair" "Ultimate Rave Headquarters Usually Really Hard Unemployment Rises High *Ulna *Radius *Humerus

=Ulna

= Understand Listen Name A bone

Bones of the Hand

"Please Make Cookies" "Please Massage Chest" People Make Choices *Phalanges *Metacarpal bones *Carpal bones (These are in order from the distal end of the fingertips to the wrist)

=Carpal bones

= * Carpal Bones: Sally Left The Party To Take Cathy Home:
She Looks Too Pretty Try To Catch Her:
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle:
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate. *Carpal bones: So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb:
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium. *Carpal Bones: """ T T Table Par Chillate hui Sunny Leone """,,,,APG-007

=Bones of the Phalanges

= Damn My Pinky! Dick Move Pal! Distance My People Don't Make Problems *Distal phalanx *Middle phalanx *Proximal phalanx (From distal to proximal.)

Bones of the head

Cranial Bones

F POETS "Fluffy Puppies On Every Third Street" Fit People Occasionally Eat Table Salt Fat People Only Eat Thick Steak Funny People Over Entertainment Try Songs *Frontal *Parietal *Occipital *Ethmoid *Temporal *Sphenoid Fraternity Parties Occasionally Teach Spam Etiquette *Frontal *Parietal *Occipital *Temporal *Sphenoid *Ethmoid Old People From Texas Eat Spiders *Occipital *Parietal *Frontal *Temporal *Ethmoid *Sphenoid

Vomer

Very bad Odor Makes my Eyes Run

Bones of the Pectoral Girdle and Arm

CS Continuous Starvation Clearwater Sucks Crazy Seals *Clavicle *Scapula

Spine (Vertebral Column)

Can This Little Servant Cook ? *

Cervical vertebrae In tetrapods, cervical vertebrae (singular: vertebra) are the vertebrae of the neck, immediately below the skull. Truncal vertebrae (divided into thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in mammals) lie caudal (toward the tail) of cervical vertebrae. In ...

(

Atlas (anatomy) In anatomy, the atlas (C1) is the most superior (first) cervical vertebra of the spine and is located in the neck. It is named for Atlas of Greek mythology because, just as Atlas supported the globe, it supports the entire head. The atlas is ...

= C1,

Axis (anatomy) In anatomy, the axis (from Latin ''axis'', "axle") or epistropheus is the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine, immediately inferior to the atlas, upon which the head rests. The axis' defining feature is its strong odontoid process (bon ...

= C2) *

Thoracic vertebrae In vertebrates, thoracic vertebrae compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. In humans, there are twelve thoracic vertebra (anatomy), vertebrae and they are intermediate in size b ...

Lumbar vertebrae The lumbar vertebrae are, in human anatomy, the five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis. They are the largest segments of the vertebral column and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse p ...

Sacral vertebrae The sacrum (plural: ''sacra'' or ''sacrums''), in human anatomy, is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine that forms by the fusing of the sacral vertebrae (S1S5) between ages 18 and 30. The sacrum situates at the upper, back part ...

Coccygeal vertebrae The coccyx ( : coccyges or coccyxes), commonly referred to as the tailbone, is the final segment of the vertebral column in all apes, and analogous structures in certain other mammals such as horses. In tailless primates (e.g. humans and othe ...

(These are in order superior to inferior- or starting from the top of the spine to the bottom.) "Can Tall Ladies Sit Comfortably" "Can The Ladies Stand Comfortably" "Candy Takes Liking Stripping Catiously" Can Tinkerbell Let Stars Collide * Breakfast at 7:00 - 7 cervical vertebrae * Lunch at 12:00 - 12 thoracic vertebrae * Dinner at 5:00 - 5 lumbar vertebrae

Projections of Bone

PTTTCC "People Take Teaspoons Temporarily Causing Constipation *Process *Tubercle *Tuberosity *Trochanter *Condyle *Crest

Humerus tubercles (Bone projections)

Humerus tubercles Girls In Leadership * Greater tubercle * Intertubercular groove * Lesser tubercle

Bone Markings of Humerus

Let's Rewatch Criminal Minds Let's Roll Clay Moons *L-lateral epicondyle *R-radial fossa *C-coronoid fossa *M-medial epicondyle

Holes and Depressions in Bones

FFNF "Fireman Fight Notorious Fires Flowers Flow Neatly Fabulously Family Feuds are No Fun * Foramen * Fissure * Notch * Fossa

Muscles

Rotator Cuff Muscles

SITS "Sit In The Seat" / The humerus SITS in the glenoid fossa Shit I Trusted Sam Swimming In The Summer She Is The Scientist *Supraspinatus *Infraspinatus *Teres Minor *Subscapularis Scooby Investigated The Mysterious Scene *Supraspinatus *Infraspinatus *Teres Minor *Subscapularis

Flexor muscles of the arm

3 Bs bend the elbow: (in order of location) Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis

Anterior Flexor Muscles of the Forearm

Cats Run Circles Under Dogs Stomachs Can't Really Come Until Day Six *Carpi *Radialis *Carpi *Ulnaris *Digitorum *Superficialis

Anterior leg Compartment (muscles)

"The Hospitals Are Not Dirty Places" *Tibialis anterior *extensor Hallucis longus *anterior tibial Artery *deep fibular Nerve *extensor Digitorum longus *Peroneus tertius ka fibularis tertiusref name=mm/> "Those Horses Are Never Doing Pilates" *Tibialis anterior *extensor Hallucis longus *anterior tibial Artery *deep fibular Nerve *extensor Digitorum longus *Peroneus tertius ka fibularis tertiusref name=mm/> "Tom Had A Night Down Town" *Tibialis anterior *extensor Hallucis longus *anterior tibial Artery *deep fibular Nerve *extensor Digitorum longus *Tertius for fibularis tertius

Posterior Leg Compartment (Posterior Ankle Structures)

Tom Dig A Nice Hole *Tibialis posterior *Flexor Digitorum longus *Artery - Posterior tibial artery *Nerve - Tibial nerve *Flexor Hallucis longus Tom, Dick, And Very Naughty Harry *Tibialis posterior *Flexor Digitorum longus *Posterior tibial Artery *Posterior tibial Vein *Tibial Nerve *Flexor Hallucis longus

Joint, suture, ligament, tendon

Joint In The Wrist

RIC "Rice Is Curing *Radiocarpal *Intercarpal *Carpometacarpal RIC "Really Interesting Crap *Radiocarpal *Intercarpal *Carpometacarpal Roads In California *Radiocarpal *Intercarpal *Carpometacarpal Rum In Coke *Radiocarpal *Intercarpal *Carpometacarpal

Joints/Sutures of Skull

CLSS "Crazy Llamas Sassing Santa *Coronal suture *Lambdoid suture *Squamosal suture *Sagittal suture The Lazy Cat Sleeps Safely *Temporomandibular joint *Lambdoid suture *Coronal suture *Squamous suture *Sagittal suture "Come Sing Love Songs" *Coronal Suture *Sagittal Suture *Lambdoid Suture *Squamous Suture "Come Smoke L 's Sam *Coronal Suture *Sagittal Suture *Lambdoid Suture *Squamous Suture "Can Seagulls Lift Snacks *Coronal Suture *Sagittal Suture *Lambdoid Suture *Squamous Suture

Pes anserinus

A mnemonic to remember the muscles that contribute tendons to the pes anserinus and the innervations of these muscles is SGT FOT (sergeant FOT) *S- Sartorius *G- Gracilis *T- semiTendinosus (from anterior to posterior). *F-

femoral nerve The femoral nerve is a nerve in the thigh that supplies skin on the upper thigh and inner leg, and the muscles that extend the knee. Structure The femoral nerve is the major nerve supplying the anterior compartment of the thigh. It is the largest ...

*O-

obturator nerve The obturator nerve in human anatomy arises from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves in the lumbar plexus; the branch from the third is the largest, while that from the second is often very small. Structure The ob ...

*T- tibial division of the

sciatic nerve The sciatic nerve, also called the ischiadic nerve, is a large nerve in humans and other vertebrate animals which is the largest branch of the sacral plexus and runs alongside the hip joint and down the lower limb. It is the longest and widest si ...

. Notice the order of the muscles (S, G, T) follows the order of the innervating nerves which correspond to those muscles (F, O, T) Another anterior to posterior is “Say Grace before Tea” Sartorius, Gracilis, semiTendinosus.

Vessels

Celiac trunk(Coeliac trunk): branches

Left Hand Side (LHS): *Left gastric artery *Hepatic artery *Splenic artery

Tributaries of the
Inferior vena cava The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries the deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart. It is formed by the joining of the right and the left common iliac veins, usually at the level of the ...

"I Like To Rise So High" *Iliac vein (common) *Lumbar vein *Testicular (gonadal) vein (direct tributary on right side; empties into left renal vein -> IVC on left side) *Renal vein *Suprarenal vein (same drainage as gonadal vein) *Hepatic vein

Subclavian artery

The branches of the

subclavian artery In human anatomy, the subclavian arteries are paired major arteries of the upper thorax, below the clavicle. They receive blood from the aortic arch. The left subclavian artery supplies blood to the left arm and the right subclavian artery supplie ...

can be remembered using VITamin C and D. * Vertebral Artery * Internal Thoracic Artery * Thyrocervical Trunk * Costocervical Artery * Dorsal Scapular Artery

Internal iliac artery: branches

I Like Going Places Using My Very Own Unmanned Vehicle
Posterior division: *Iliolumbar artery *Lateral sacral artery *Superior gluteal artery Anterior division: *Inferior gluteal artery *Internal pudendal artery *Umbilical artery *Middle rectal artery *Superior and inferior vesical artery *Obturator artery *Uterine artery (female) *Vaginal artery (female)

Contents of canal & foramen

Mediastinum

Superior mediastinum

The contents of

superior mediastinum The mediastinum (from ) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. Surrounded by loose connective tissue, it is an undelineated region that contains a group of structures within the thorax, namely the heart and its vessels, the esophagu ...

can be remembered using the

mnemonic A mnemonic ( ) device, or memory device, is any learning technique that aids information retention or retrieval (remembering) in the human memory for better understanding. Mnemonics make use of elaborative encoding, retrieval cues, and imag ...

, "TT ET AV N LO" or "Try To Eat Toast And Vitamins Now Little Oliver" *

Thymus The thymus is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system. Within the thymus, thymus cell lymphocytes or ''T cells'' mature. T cells are critical to the adaptive immune system, where the body adapts to specific foreign invaders. ...

Trachea The trachea, also known as the windpipe, is a Cartilage, cartilaginous tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs, allowing the passage of air, and so is present in almost all air-breathing animals with lungs. The trachea extends ...

Esophagus The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English; both ), non-technically known also as the food pipe or gullet, is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the ...

Thoracic duct In human anatomy, the thoracic duct is the larger of the two lymph ducts of the lymphatic system. It is also known as the ''left lymphatic duct'', ''alimentary duct'', ''chyliferous duct'', and ''Van Hoorne's canal''. The other duct is the right ...

Aortic arch The aortic arch, arch of the aorta, or transverse aortic arch () is the part of the aorta between the ascending and descending aorta. The arch travels backward, so that it ultimately runs to the left of the trachea. Structure The aorta begins a ...

Vein Veins are blood vessels in humans and most other animals that carry blood towards the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated b ...

s (

Superior vena cava The superior vena cava (SVC) is the superior of the two venae cavae, the great venous trunks that return deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation to the right atrium of the heart. It is a large-diameter (24 mm) short length vein th ...

brachiocephalic vein The left and right brachiocephalic veins (previously called innominate veins) are major veins in the upper chest, formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. This is at the level of the sternoclavicular j ...

left superior intercostal vein The superior intercostal veins are two veins that drain the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th intercostal spaces, one vein for each side of the body. Right superior intercostal vein The right superior intercostal vein drains the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th posterior interc ...

) *

Nerve A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of nerve fibers (called axons) in the peripheral nervous system. A nerve transmits electrical impulses. It is the basic unit of the peripheral nervous system. A nerve provides a common pathway for the e ...

s (

Vagus nerve The vagus nerve, also known as the tenth cranial nerve, cranial nerve X, or simply CN X, is a cranial nerve that interfaces with the parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract. It comprises two nerves—the left and right ...

phrenic nerve The phrenic nerve is a mixed motor/sensory nerve which originates from the C3-C5 spinal nerves in the neck. The nerve is important for breathing because it provides exclusive motor control of the diaphragm, the primary muscle of respiration. In ...

left recurrent laryngeal nerve The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is a branch of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) that supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, with the exception of the cricothyroid muscles. There are two recurrent laryngeal nerves, right and le ...

) *

Lymphatics The lymphatic vessels (or lymph vessels or lymphatics) are thin-walled vessels (tubes), structured like blood vessels, that carry lymph. As part of the lymphatic system, lymph vessels are complementary to the cardiovascular system. Lymph vessel ...

* Other small arteries and veins

Inferior mediastinum

=Anterior inferior mediastinum

= The contents of anterior inferior mediastinum can be remembered using the

, "RT LN" or "ReTweet Light Novels!" * Remnants of the

(inferior portion of thymus) *

Lymph Node A lymph node, or lymph gland, is a kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system and the adaptive immune system. A large number of lymph nodes are linked throughout the body by the lymphatic vessels. They are major sites of lymphocytes that inclu ...

=Middle inferior mediastinum

= The contents of middle inferior mediastinum can be remembered using the

, "PHP P ASP" or "

PHP PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared toward web development. It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1993 and released in 1995. The PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP Group ...

plus ASP" or "' Personal Home Page' plus '

Active Server Pages Active Server Pages (ASP) is Microsoft's first server-side scripting language and engine for dynamic web pages. It was first released in December 1996, before being superseded in January 2002 by ASP.NET. History Initially released as an add ...

'" *

Phrenic nerve The phrenic nerve is a mixed motor/sensory nerve which originates from the C3-C5 spinal nerves in the neck. The nerve is important for breathing because it provides exclusive motor control of the diaphragm, the primary muscle of respiration. In ...

Heart The heart is a muscular organ in most animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide t ...

Pericardium The pericardium, also called pericardial sac, is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. It has two layers, an outer layer made of strong connective tissue (fibrous pericardium), and an inner layer made of ...

Pericardiacophrenic artery The pericardiacophrenic artery is a long slender branch of the internal thoracic artery. It anastomoses with the musculophrenic and superior phrenic arteries. Location The pericardiacophrenic artery branches from the internal thoracic artery. ...

Ascending aorta The ascending aorta (AAo) is a portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum. Structure It passes obliqu ...

Pulmonary trunk A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. The largest pulmonary artery is the ''main pulmonary artery'' or ''pulmonary trunk'' from the heart, and t ...

=Posterior inferior mediastinum

= The contents of posterior inferior mediastinum can be remembered using the

, "DATE VSL" or "on the DATE Vivian Slapped Larry" * Descending thoracic aorta *

Azygos vein The azygos vein is a vein running up the right side of the thoracic vertebral column draining itself towards the superior vena cava. It connects the systems of superior vena cava and inferior vena cava and can provide an alternative path for blood ...

s (

hemiazygos vein The hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor inferior) is a vein running superiorly in the lower thoracic region, just to the left side of the vertebral column. Structure The hemiazygos vein and the accessory hemiazygos vein, when taken together, essen ...

accessory hemiazygos vein The accessory hemiazygos vein, also called the superior hemiazygous vein, is a vein on the left side of the vertebral column that generally drains the fourth through eighth intercostal spaces on the left side of the body. Structure The accessor ...

s) *

(

Cisterna chyli The cisterna chyli (or cysterna chyli, and etymologically more correct, receptaculum chyli) is a dilated sac at the lower end of the thoracic duct in most mammals into which lymph from the intestinal trunk and two lumbar lymphatic trunks flow. It r ...

) *

(

Esophageal plexus The esophageal plexus (oesophageal plexus in British-English) is formed by nerve fibers from two sources, branches of the vagus nerve, and visceral branches of the sympathetic trunk. The esophageal plexus and the cardiac plexus contain the same typ ...

) *

Splanchnic nerve The splanchnic nerves are paired visceral nerves (nerves that contribute to the innervation of the internal organs), carrying fibers of the autonomic nervous system ( visceral efferent fibers) as well as sensory fibers from the organs ( visceral a ...

(

greater splanchnic nerve Greater may refer to: *Greatness, the state of being great *Greater than, in inequality * ''Greater'' (film), a 2016 American film *Greater (flamingo), the oldest flamingo on record * "Greater" (song), by MercyMe, 2014 *Greater Bank, an Australian ...

lesser splanchnic nerve Thoracic splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that arise from the sympathetic trunk in the thorax and travel inferiorly to provide sympathetic supply to the abdomen. The nerves contain preganglionic sympathetic fibers and general visceral affere ...

least splanchnic nerve Thoracic splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that arise from the sympathetic trunk in the thorax and travel inferiorly to provide sympathetic supply to the abdomen. The nerves contain preganglionic sympathetic fibers and general visceral affere ...

) *

The contents of

posterior mediastinum The mediastinum (from ) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. Surrounded by loose connective tissue, it is an undelineated region that contains a group of structures within the thorax, namely the heart and its vessels, the esophagu ...

can be remembered using the

, "DATES" *Descending aorta *Azygous vein and hemiazygos vein *Thoracic duct *Esophagus *Sympathetic trunk/ganglia.

Foramen magnum

Contents of the

foramen magnum The foramen magnum ( la, great hole) is a large, oval-shaped opening in the occipital bone of the skull. It is one of the several oval or circular openings (foramina) in the base of the skull. The spinal cord, an extension of the medulla oblon ...

: VAMPS-AT-SD or VAMPires Sing AT SD card *

Vertebral arteries The vertebral arteries are major arteries of the neck. Typically, the vertebral arteries originate from the subclavian arteries. Each vessel courses superiorly along each side of the neck, merging within the skull to form the single, midline ba ...

Anterior spinal artery In human anatomy, the anterior spinal artery is the artery that supplies the anterior portion of the spinal cord. It arises from branches of the vertebral arteries and courses along the anterior aspect of the spinal cord. It is reinforced by sever ...

Meninges In anatomy, the meninges (, ''singular:'' meninx ( or ), ) are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord. In mammals, the meninges are the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. Cerebrospinal fluid is located in th ...

associated with the spinal cord *

Posterior spinal arteries The posterior spinal artery (dorsal spinal arteries) arises from the vertebral artery in 25% of humans or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery in 75% of humans, adjacent to the medulla oblongata. It supplies the grey and white posterior columns ...

* Spinal roots of the

accessory nerve The accessory nerve, also known as the eleventh cranial nerve, cranial nerve XI, or simply CN XI, is a cranial nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. It is classified as the eleventh of twelve pairs of cranial nerv ...

(CN XI) * Apical ligament of the dens *

Tectorial membrane The tectoria membrane (TM) is one of two acellular membranes in the cochlea of the inner ear, the other being the basilar membrane (BM). "Tectorial" in anatomy means forming a cover. The TM is located above the spiral limbus and the spiral organ ...

Spinal cord The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue, which extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column (backbone). The backbone encloses the central canal of the spi ...

* Dural veins (

Dural venous sinuses The dural venous sinuses (also called dural sinuses, cerebral sinuses, or cranial sinuses) are venous channels found between the endosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater in the brain. They receive blood from the cerebral veins, receive cereb ...

) Contents of the

: VAMPS-ATM or VAMPires Sing AT Midnight *Vertebral arteries *Anterior spinal artery *Meningeal branches of the cervical nerves *Posterior spinal arteries *Spinal part of the accessory nerve *Alar and apical ligaments of the dens *Tectorial membrane *Medulla oblongata

Greater sciatic foramen

Structures passing through

greater sciatic foramen The greater sciatic foramen is an opening (foramen) in the posterior human pelvis. It is formed by the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments. The piriformis muscle passes through the foramen and occupies most of its volume. The greater sciati ...

below

piriformis The piriformis muscle () is a flat, pyramidally-shaped muscle in the buttock, gluteal region of the lower limbs. It is one of the six muscles in the lateral rotator group. The piriformis muscle has its origin upon the front surface of the sacrum, ...

(S.N.I.P. N.I.P.) *sciatic nerve *nerve to obturator internus *internal pudendal vessel *pudendal nerve *nerve to quadratus femoris *inferior gluteal vessels *posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

Lesser sciatic foramen

Structures passing through

lesser sciatic foramen The lesser sciatic foramen is an opening (foramen) between the pelvis and the back of the thigh. The foramen is formed by the sacrotuberous ligament which runs between the sacrum and the ischial tuberosity and the sacrospinous ligament which runs b ...

: (P.I.N.T.) *pudendal nerve *internal pudendal vessels *nerve to obturator internus *tendon of obturator internus

Tarsal tunnel

a mnemonic to remember the contents of the

Tarsal tunnel The tarsal tunnel is a passage found along the inner leg underneath the medial malleolus of the ankle. Structure The roof of the tarsal tunnel is formed by the flexor retinaculum of the foot. The floor of the tarsal tunnel is formed by the medi ...

from anterior to posterior is "

Tom, Dick and Harry The phrase "Tom, Dick, and Harry" is a placeholder for unspecified people. The phrase most commonly occurs as "every Tom, Dick, and Harry", meaning ''everyone'', and "any Tom, Dick, or Harry", meaning ''anyone'', although ''Brewer's Dictionary of ...

". or alternatively "Tom, Dick (and very nervous) Harry" if the artery, vein, and nerve are included.

Femoral triangle

The

femoral triangle The femoral triangle (or Scarpa's triangle) is an anatomical region of the upper third of the thigh. It is a subfascial space which appears as a triangular depression below the inguinal ligament when the thigh is flexed, abducted and laterally rot ...

is shaped like the sail of a sailing ship and hence its boundaries can be remembered using the mnemonic, "SAIL": *Sartorius *Adductor longus *Inguinal Ligament. The order of structures in the femoral triangle is important in the embalming of bodies, as the femoral artery is often exposed and used to pump embalming fluids into the body. The order of this neurovascular bundle can be remembered using the mnemonic, "NAVY": *Nerve *Artery *Vein * Y -fronts (the British term of a style of men's underwear with a "Y" shaped front that acts as a fly). The "Y" is midline (corresponding with the penis) and the mnemonic always reads from lateral to medial (in other words, the

Femoral Nerve The femoral nerve is a nerve in the thigh that supplies skin on the upper thigh and inner leg, and the muscles that extend the knee. Structure The femoral nerve is the major nerve supplying the anterior compartment of the thigh. It is the largest ...

is always lateral). An alternate to this mnemonic is "NAVEL" for Nerve, Artery, Vein, Empty Space and Lymph, to include the

deep inguinal lymph nodes Inguinal lymph nodes are lymph nodes in the human groin. Located in the femoral triangle of the inguinal region, they are grouped into superficial and deep lymph nodes. The superficial have three divisions: the superomedial, superolateral, and in ...

located medial to the

Femoral vein In the human body, the femoral vein is a blood vessel that accompanies the femoral artery in the femoral sheath. It begins at the adductor hiatus (an opening in the adductor magnus muscle) as the continuation of the popliteal vein. It ends at th ...

Popliteal fossa

A useful mnemonic to remember

popliteal fossa The popliteal fossa (also referred to as hough, .html" ;"title="/sup>">/sup> or kneepit in analogy to the cubital fossa) is a shallow depression located at the back of the knee joint. The bones of the popliteal fossa are the femur and the tibia ...

anatomy (medial-to-lateral arrangement) is: Serve And Volley Next Ball. *S: semimembranosus and semitendinosus (superior medial border) *A: artery (popliteal artery) *V: vein (popliteal vein) *N: nerve (tibial nerve) *B: biceps femoris (superior lateral border). The lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius form the inferior border.

Carotid sheath The carotid sheath is an anatomical term for the fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the vascular compartment of the neck. It is part of the deep cervical fascia of the neck, below the superficial cervical fascia meaning the subcutaneous adipo ...
contents

I See 10 CC's in the IV:^p. 1 *I See (I.C.) = Internal Carotid artery *10 = CN 10 (Vagus nerve) *CC = Common Carotid artery *IV = Internal Jugular Vein

Cavernous sinus The cavernous sinus within the human head is one of the dural venous sinuses creating a cavity called the lateral sellar compartment bordered by the temporal bone of the skull and the sphenoid bone, lateral to the sella turcica. Structure The cave ...
contents

O TOM CAT:^p. 1 O TOM are lateral wall components, in order from superior to inferior. CA are the components within the sinus, from medial to lateral. CA ends at the level of T from O TOM. *Occulomotor nerve (III) *Trochlear nerve (IV) *Ophthalmic nerve (V1) *Maxillary nerve (V2) *Carotid artery *Abducent nerve (VI) *T: When written, connects to the T of OTOM

Vertebral level

Diaphragm apertures: spinal levels

Many mnemonics are used for diaphragm apertures including:

(V)oice (O)f (A)merica

number of letters = vertebral level * V -

vena cava In anatomy, the venae cavae (; singular: vena cava ; ) are two large veins (great vessels) that return deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart. In humans they are the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, and both empty into the ...

- T8 * O -

oesophagus The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English; both ), non-technically known also as the food pipe or gullet, is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the ...

- T10 * A -

aortic hiatus The aortic hiatus is a hole in the diaphragm. It is the lowest and most posterior of the large apertures. It is located approximately at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra (T12). Structure Strictly speaking, it is not an aperture in th ...

- T12 *Vena cava = 8 letters = T8^p. 1 *Oesophagus = 10 letters = T10 *Aortic hiatus = 12 letters = T12

Openings of the diaphragm and structures passing through

"I Read, Very Old, And Torn Articles." - (

IVC IVC can refer to: Places *Invercargill Airport, New Zealand, IATA code * Ivory Coast, UNDP country code *Oflag IV-C, a German World War II prisoner-of-war camp in Colditz Castle Education *Impington Village College *Irvine Valley College *Imperia ...

, Right

), (

Oesophagus The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English; both ), non-technically known also as the food pipe or gullet, is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the ...

), (

Aorta The aorta ( ) is the main and largest artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries). The aorta distributes ...

). Openings of the

diaphragm Diaphragm may refer to: Anatomy * Thoracic diaphragm, a thin sheet of muscle between the thorax and the abdomen * Pelvic diaphragm or pelvic floor, a pelvic structure * Urogenital diaphragm or triangular ligament, a pelvic structure Other * Diap ...

and structures passing through *

Caval opening The thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm ( grc, διάφραγμα, diáphragma, partition), is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle in humans and other mammals that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm is the mo ...

(

vena caval foramen The thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm ( grc, διάφραγμα, diáphragma, partition), is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle in humans and other mammals that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm is the mo ...

) (2: IR):

Inferior vena cava The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries the deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart. It is formed by the joining of the right and the left common iliac veins, usually at the level of the ...

, (branches of the) Right

Esophageal hiatus In human anatomy, the esophageal hiatus is an opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus and the vagus nerve pass. Structure It is located in the right crus, one of the two tendinous structures that connect the diaphragm to the s ...

(2: VO): (anterior and posterior) Vagal trunks,

Aortic hiatus The aortic hiatus is a hole in the diaphragm. It is the lowest and most posterior of the large apertures. It is located approximately at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra (T12). Structure Strictly speaking, it is not an aperture in th ...

(3: ATA): (descending)

I ate 10 eggs at 12

*I = IVC *ate = T8 *10 = T10 *Eggs = Esophagus *At = Aorta *12 = T12

Sternal angle

The

sternal angle The sternal angle (also known as the angle of Louis, angle of Ludovic or manubriosternal junction) is the synarthrotic joint formed by the articulation of the manubrium and the body of the sternum. The sternal angle is a palpable clinical landma ...

marks the approximate level of the 2nd pair of

costal cartilage The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension. ...

s, which attach to the second ribs, and the level of the

intervertebral disc An intervertebral disc (or intervertebral fibrocartilage) lies between adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column. Each disc forms a fibrocartilaginous joint (a symphysis), to allow slight movement of the vertebrae, to act as a ligament to hold t ...

between T4 and T5. In clinical applications, the sternal angle can be palpated at the T4 vertebral level. The sternal angle is used in the definition of the

thoracic plane The mediastinum (from ) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. Surrounded by loose connective tissue, it is an undelineated region that contains a group of structures within the thorax, namely the heart and its vessels, the esophagu ...

. This marks the level of a number of other anatomical structures. For structures lying at the level of the

, the following mnemonic can be used:

RAT PLLANT

* Rib 2 * Aortic arch * Tracheal bifurcation * Pulmonary trunk * Ligamentum arteriosum * Left recurrent laryngeal * Azygos Vein * Nerves (Cardiac and Pulmonary plexuses) * Thoracic duct

PLOT of EARTH PLLANTS

is a more detailed mnemonic including: * Phrenic and Vagus Nerve * Lymph Nodes * Oblique fissure of lungs (top of it) * Thymus * Esophagus (trending right to left) * Aortic Arch (bottom of the arch) * Rib 2, Manubrium-sternal angle, T4(more specifically T4-5 disc) * Tracheal Bifurcation (Carina: Latin –like keel of boat) * Heart * Pulmonary trunk bifurcation * L2 : Left Recurrent Laryngeal (Looping under Aorta); Ligamentum Arteriosum: Connects Aortic Arch to Pulmonary. Bifurcation * Azygous vein arches over the root of the Rt. Lung and opens in SVC. * Nerve plexi: Cardiac and Pulmonary Plexus * Thoracic duct (on its way to drain into the Left Subclavian) * SVC going down

Neuroanatomy

Afferent vs efferent

Afferent connection arrives and an ''efferent connection exits''.

Brachial plexus

Remember To Drink Cold Beer - Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches *5 main nerves of

brachial plexus The brachial plexus is a network () of nerves formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve ( C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1). This plexus extends from the spinal cord, through the cervicoaxillary canal in th ...

. **"My Aunty Rocks My Uncle" - Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Radial, Median, Ulnar. (in order laterally to medially) **"My Uncle Rocks My Aunt" - Musculocutaneous (L), Ulnar (M), Radial (P), Median (LM), Axillary (P). (L:

lateral cord The lateral cord is the part of the brachial plexus formed by the anterior divisions of the upper (C5-C6) and middle trunks (C7). Its name comes from it being lateral to the axillary artery as it passes through the axilla. The other cords of the br ...

, M:

medial cord The medial cord is the part of the brachial plexus formed by of the anterior division of the lower trunk (C8-T1). Its name comes from it being medial to the axillary artery as it passes through the axilla. The other cords of the brachial plexus ar ...

, P:

posterior cord The posterior cord is a part of the brachial plexus The brachial plexus is a network () of nerves formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve ( C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1). This plexus extends from the ...

. LM: both lateral and medial cords. Memorize "LMP LMP".) *

Lateral cord The lateral cord is the part of the brachial plexus formed by the anterior divisions of the upper (C5-C6) and middle trunks (C7). Its name comes from it being lateral to the axillary artery as it passes through the axilla. The other cords of the br ...

branches **LLM "Lucy Loves Me" - Lateral pectoral, Lateral root of the

median nerve The median nerve is a nerve in humans and other animals in the upper limb. It is one of the five main nerves originating from the brachial plexus. The median nerve originates from the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus, and has contr ...

Musculocutaneous The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, opposite the lower border of the pectoralis major, its fibers being derived from C5, C6 and C7. Structure The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cor ...

. ** Love Me Lucy (LML) - Lateral pectoral nerve, Musculocutaneous nerve, Lateral root of Median nerve. ** Look My Lancer - Lateral pectoral nerve, Musculocutaneous nerve, Lateral root of Median nerve. *

Medial cord The medial cord is the part of the brachial plexus formed by of the anterior division of the lower trunk (C8-T1). Its name comes from it being medial to the axillary artery as it passes through the axilla. The other cords of the brachial plexus ar ...

branches **MMMUM "Most Medical Men Use Morphine" - Medial pectoral,

Medial cutaneous nerve of arm The medial brachial cutaneous nerve (lesser internal cutaneous nerve; medial cutaneous nerve of arm) is distributed to the skin on the medial brachial side of the arm. Anatomy It is the smallest branch of the brachial plexus, and arising from the ...

Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm The medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm (medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve) branches from the medial cord of the brachial plexus. It contains axons from the ventral rami of the eighth cervical (C8) and first thoracic (T1) nerves. It gives o ...

Ulnar The ulna (''pl''. ulnae or ulnas) is a long bone found in the forearm that stretches from the elbow to the smallest finger, and when in anatomical position, is found on the medial side of the forearm. That is, the ulna is on the same side of t ...

, Medial root of the

Median nerve The median nerve is a nerve in humans and other animals in the upper limb. It is one of the five main nerves originating from the brachial plexus. The median nerve originates from the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus, and has contr ...

. **"Money Makes Many Men Unhappy" -

Medial pectoral nerve The medial pectoral nerve (also known as the medial anterior thoracic nerve) arises from the medial cord (sometimes directly from the anterior division of the inferior trunk) of the brachial plexus, and through it from the eighth cervical and fir ...

, Medial root of median nerve,

Ulnar nerve In human anatomy, the ulnar nerve is a nerve that runs near the ulna bone. The ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint is in relation with the ulnar nerve. The nerve is the largest in the human body unprotected by muscle or bone, so injury is ...

. **"M4U" -

, Medial root of median nerve,

. ** Union of 4 Medials - Ulnar nerve, Medial cutaneous nerve of arm, Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, Medial pectoral nerve, Medial root of Median nerve. *

Posterior cord The posterior cord is a part of the brachial plexus The brachial plexus is a network () of nerves formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve ( C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1). This plexus extends from the ...

branches **STAR - Subscapular ( upper and

lower Lower may refer to: *Lower (surname) *Lower Township, New Jersey *Lower Receiver (firearms) *Lower Wick Lower Wick is a small hamlet located in the county of Gloucestershire, England. It is situated about five miles south west of Dursley, eight ...

), Thoracodorsal, Axillary,

Radial Radial is a geometric term of location which may refer to: Mathematics and Direction * Vector (geometric) In mathematics, physics, and engineering, a Euclidean vector or simply a vector (sometimes called a geometric vector or spatial vector) ...

. ** RATS- Radial nerve, Axillary nerve, Thoracodorsal nerve, Subscapular (Upper & Lower) nerve. **ULTRA - Upper subscapular, Lower subscapular, Thoracodorsal,

, Axillary. ** ULNAR- Upper subscapular nerve, Lower subscapular nerve, Nerve to latissimus dorsi, Axillary nerve, Radial nerve.

Cerebellum

Deep cerebellar nuclei The cerebellum has four deep cerebellar nuclei embedded in the white matter in its center. 4 pairs of nuclei are embedded deep in the medullary centre, in the medial to lateral direction. They are fastigial nuclei, globose nuclei, emboliform nucl ...

and their positions relative to the midline: "Fat Guys Eat Donuts," where each letter indicates the medial to lateral location in the cerebellar white matter. Or inversely, "Don't Eat Greasy Food", where each letter indicates the lateral to medial location in the cerebellar white matter. *

fastigial nucleus The fastigial nucleus is located in the cerebellum. It is one of the four deep cerebellar nuclei (the others being the nucleus dentatus, nucleus emboliformis and nucleus globosus), and is grey matter embedded in the white matter of the cerebell ...

globose nucleus The globose nucleus is one of the deep cerebellar nuclei. It is located medial to the emboliform nucleus and lateral to the fastigial nucleus. This nucleus contains primarily large and small multipolar neurons. The ''globose nucleus'' and embolif ...

emboliform nucleus The emboliform nucleus (or anterior interposed nucleus) is a deep cerebellar nucleus that lies immediately to the medial side of the nucleus dentatus, and partly covering its hilum. It is one among the four pairs of deep cerebellar nuclei, whi ...

dentate nucleus The dentate nucleus is a cluster of neurons, or nerve cells, in the central nervous system that has a dentate – tooth-like or serrated – edge. It is located within the deep white matter of each cerebellar hemisphere, and it is the largest si ...

Cranial nerves

12 Cranial Nerves

"Oh, oh, oh, to touch and feel very good velvet ... ah, heaven." Oh, Oh, Oh, To Touch A Fit Virgin Girl's Vagina (And Hymen) * CN I

Olfactory nerve The olfactory nerve, also known as the first cranial nerve, cranial nerve I, or simply CN I, is a cranial nerve that contains sensory nerve fibers relating to the sense of smell. The afferent nerve fibers of the olfactory receptor neurons tr ...

* CN II

Optic nerve In neuroanatomy, the optic nerve, also known as the second cranial nerve, cranial nerve II, or simply CN II, is a paired cranial nerve that transmits visual system, visual information from the retina to the brain. In humans, the optic nerve i ...

* CN III

Oculomotor nerve The oculomotor nerve, also known as the third cranial nerve, cranial nerve III, or simply CN III, is a cranial nerve that enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure and innervates extraocular muscles that enable most movements of ...

* CN IV

Trochlear nerve The trochlear nerve (), ( lit. ''pulley-like'' nerve) also known as the fourth cranial nerve, cranial nerve IV, or CN IV, is a cranial nerve that innervates just one muscle: the superior oblique muscle of the eye, which operates through the pul ...

( Pathetic nerve) * CN V

Trigeminal nerve In neuroanatomy, the trigeminal nerve ( lit. ''triplet'' nerve), also known as the fifth cranial nerve, cranial nerve V, or simply CN V, is a cranial nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewin ...

( Dentist's nerve) * CN VI

Abducens nerve The abducens nerve or abducent nerve, also known as the sixth cranial nerve, cranial nerve VI, or simply CN VI, is a cranial nerve in humans and various other animals that controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, one of the extraocula ...

* CN VII

Facial nerve The facial nerve, also known as the seventh cranial nerve, cranial nerve VII, or simply CN VII, is a cranial nerve that emerges from the pons of the brainstem, controls the muscles of facial expression, and functions in the conveyance of tas ...

* CN VIII

Vestibulocochlear nerve The vestibulocochlear nerve or auditory vestibular nerve, also known as the eighth cranial nerve, cranial nerve VIII, or simply CN VIII, is a cranial nerve that transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the bra ...

(

Auditory nerve The cochlear nerve (also auditory nerve or acoustic nerve) is one of two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve, a cranial nerve present in amniotes, the other part being the vestibular nerve. The cochlear nerve carries auditory sensory information ...

) * CN IX

Glossopharyngeal nerve The glossopharyngeal nerve (), also known as the ninth cranial nerve, cranial nerve IX, or simply CN IX, is a cranial nerve that exits the brainstem from the sides of the upper Medulla oblongata, medulla, just anterior (closer to the nose) to t ...

* CN X

* CN XI

Accessory nerve The accessory nerve, also known as the eleventh cranial nerve, cranial nerve XI, or simply CN XI, is a cranial nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. It is classified as the eleventh of twelve pairs of cranial nerv ...

(

Spinal accessory nerve The accessory nerve, also known as the eleventh cranial nerve, cranial nerve XI, or simply CN XI, is a cranial nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. It is classified as the eleventh of twelve pairs of cranial nerves ...

) * CN XII

Hypoglossal nerve The hypoglossal nerve, also known as the twelfth cranial nerve, cranial nerve XII, or simply CN XII, is a cranial nerve that innervates all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue except for the palatoglossus, which is innervated by ...

OOOh the 2 Traceys Are From Virgina Good cause Virginans Are Hilarious On, On, On, They Traveled And Found Voldemort Guarding Very Ancient Horcruxes There are many mnemonics for the names of the

cranial nerve Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), of which there are conventionally considered twelve pairs. Cranial nerves relay information between the brain and parts of the body, primarily to and ...

s, e.g. * "OOOTTAFAGVSH" is "OLd OPen OCeans TROuble TRIbesmen ABout Fish VEnom Giving VArious ACute/SPlitting Headaches" (a mnemonic that gives enough letters to distinguish between nerves that start with the same letter), or "On old Olympus's towering tops, a Finn and German viewed some hops," and for the initial letters "OOOTTAFVGVAH" is "Oh, oh, oh, to touch and feel very good velvet ... ah, heaven." The differences between these depend on "

vestibulocochlear nerve The vestibulocochlear nerve or auditory vestibular nerve, also known as the eighth cranial nerve, cranial nerve VIII, or simply CN VIII, is a cranial nerve that transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the bra ...

" versus "

acoustic nerve The cochlear nerve (also auditory nerve or acoustic nerve) is one of two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve, a cranial nerve present in amniotes, the other part being the vestibular nerve. The cochlear nerve carries auditory sensory information ...

" and "

" versus "

spinal accessory nerve The accessory nerve, also known as the eleventh cranial nerve, cranial nerve XI, or simply CN XI, is a cranial nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. It is classified as the eleventh of twelve pairs of cranial nerves ...

". Old Ollie Oson Teaches Teenagers About Fashion Very Gladly Very Adequately Hilarious Only Our Old Trusty Vodka And Friends Validate Great Victories, So Harmonious. One Orange Orangutan Tries To Avoid Fragile Vines & Gracefully Vacates All Hazards Ongoing Optimism Only Teaches True Amazing Fundamentals Varying Globally Versatile And Honesty Only Old Otters Take Time And Find Very Good Values At Hand Only One Ounce To Take Another Farmer's Very Great Vest And Hat

Functions of the Cranial Nerves

motor (M), sensory (S), or both (B) Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Business Makes Money. A common example mnemonic for remembering which nerves are motor (M), sensory (S), or both (B), "Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Benevolent Bride Matters More". There are a very large number of additional mnemonics. Summertime Seems More Majestic Because Multiple Bystanders Sing Brilliant Ballads Making Masterpieces Silly Sally Makes Many Big Muffins But Sally Bakes Big Macarons Moreover Some Sundays Make Me Bored, My Brother Stays Busy Building Miniature Models Some Say Moms Make Boys Magnificent Because She Babies Boys Much More Sometimes She May Muster Big Motors Because She Believes Both Men Matter Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More Some Say Marry Money, But My Buddy Says Brilliant Brains Make Money

3 branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

''Standing room only'' can be used to remember that: * V₁ (

ophthalmic nerve The ophthalmic nerve (V1) is a sensory nerve of the face. It is one of three divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). It has three branches that provide sensory innervation to the eye, the skin of the upper face, and the skin of the anterior sca ...

) passes through the superior orbital fissure * V₂ (

maxillary nerve In neuroanatomy, the maxillary nerve (V) is one of the three branches or divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth (CN V) cranial nerve. It comprises the principal functions of sensation from the maxilla, nasal cavity, sinuses, the palate a ...

) through the foramen rotundum * V₃ (

mandibular nerve In neuroanatomy, the mandibular nerve (V) is the largest of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth cranial nerve (CN V). Unlike the other divisions of the trigeminal nerve (ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve) which contain only aff ...

) through the foramen ovale.

5 branches of the facial nerve (CN VII)

For the five branches of the

facial nerve The facial nerve, also known as the seventh cranial nerve, cranial nerve VII, or simply CN VII, is a cranial nerve that emerges from the pons of the brainstem, controls the muscles of facial expression, and functions in the conveyance of tas ...

there are: "Two Zebras Bit My Cookie" or "To Zanzibar By MotorCar" or "To Zoo By My Car" * Temporal branch * Zygomatic branch *

Buccal branch The buccal branches of the facial nerve (infraorbital branches), are of larger size than the rest of the branches, pass horizontally forward to be distributed below the orbit and around the mouth. Branches The ''superficial branches'' run beneath ...

* Marginal mandibular branch * Cervical branch

Lateral geniculate nucleus (thalamus)

neuroanatomy Neuroanatomy is the study of the structure and organization of the nervous system. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defin ...

, the

lateral geniculate nucleus In neuroanatomy, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN; also called the lateral geniculate body or lateral geniculate complex) is a structure in the thalamus and a key component of the mammalian visual pathway. It is a small, ovoid, ventral projec ...

is a structure in the

thalamus The thalamus (from Greek θάλαμος, "chamber") is a large mass of gray matter located in the dorsal part of the diencephalon (a division of the forebrain). Nerve fibers project out of the thalamus to the cerebral cortex in all directions, ...

and a key component of the mammalian

visual pathway The visual system comprises the sensory organ (the eye) and parts of the central nervous system (the retina containing photoreceptor cells, the optic nerve, the optic tract and the visual cortex) which gives organisms the sense of sight (the a ...

. A simple mnemonic for remembering which layers of

lateral geniculate body In neuroanatomy, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN; also called the lateral geniculate body or lateral geniculate complex) is a structure in the thalamus and a key component of the mammalian visual pathway. It is a small, ovoid, ventral project ...

are synapsed with the ganglion cells of the ipsilateral or contralateral optic nerve is "See I? I see, I see," with "see" representing the C in "contralateral," and "I" representing the I in "ipsilateral." (CIICIC) Another is "Emily and Pete meet eye to eye" as in "M and P meet I to I," or again, "Magno and Parvo meet Ipsi to Ipsi." (MMPPPP) Another way of remembering which layers of lateral geniculate body are synapsed with the ganglion cells of the ipsilateral or contralateral optic nerve is 2+3=5 (layers II, III and V), which is correct, so it is from the same (ipsilateral) side as the ganglion cells from the side of question, while at the same time 1+4 doesn't equal 6, so the remaining layers (I, IV, and VI) are synapsing with ganglion cells of the other (contralateral) optic nerve.

Coronal section of brain (structures)

"In Extremis, Cannibals Eat People's Globus Pallidi Instead of Their Hearts": From insula to midline: * ''In''sula * ''Extre''am capsule * ''C''laustrum * ''E''xternal capsule * ''P''utamen * ''Globus pallid''us * ''In''ternal capsule * ''Th''alamus * ''H''ypothalamus

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

FLAG TOP *FSH *LH *ACTH *GH *TSH *MelanOcyte Stimulating Hormone *Prolactin

Etc.

Bowel components

"Dow Jones Industrial Average Closing Stock Report" From proximal to distal: *Duodenum *Jejunum *Ileum *Appendix *Colon *Sigmoid *Rectum

Duodenum: lengths of parts

"Counting 1 to 4 but staggered":^p. 1 *1st part: 2 inches *2nd part: 3 inches *3rd part: 4 inches *4th part: 1 inch

Endocrine glands

The major glands of the

endocrine The endocrine system is a messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neu ...

system, excluding ovaries and testes: "T-A-P." (T2, A3, P4) *Thymus *Thyroid *Anterior pituitary *Adrenal cortex *Adrenal medulla *Posterior pituitary *Parathyroid gland *Pancreas *Pineal

G.I. tract layers (simplified)

M.S.M.S. *Mucosa *Submucosa *Muscularis propria (or muscularis externa) *Serosa (or adventitia)

Kidney functions

A WET BED *A – maintaining ACID-base balance *W – maintaining WATER balance *E – ELECTROLYTE balance *T – TOXIN removal *B – BLOOD Pressure control *E – making ERYTHROPOIETIN *D – Vitamin D metabolism

Placenta-crossing substances

WANT My Hot Dog *Wastes *Antibodies *Nutrients *Teratogens *Microorganisms *Hormones, HIV *Drugs

Layers of the retina

A mnemonic to remember the layers of the retina:

Sperm: path through male reproductive system

"My boyfriend's name is STEVE": *Seminiferous Tubules *Epididymis *Vas deferens *Ejaculatory duct

Connective Tissue and Fascicles

* Every -Endomysium * Person- Perimysium * Eats- Epimysium * Food - Fascia

Intraperitoneal and Retroperitoneal Organs

Retroperitoneal The retroperitoneal space (retroperitoneum) is the anatomical space (sometimes a potential space) behind (''retro'') the peritoneum. It has no specific delineating anatomical structures. Organs are retroperitoneal if they have peritoneum on their ...

organs in abdominal cavity (secondarily retroperitoneal organs are starred) ** SAD PUCKER (includes esophagus, excludes inferior vena cava): *** Suprarenal (adrenal) glands *** Aorta *** Duodenum (distal 1st part - 4th part)* *** Pancreas* *** Ureter *** Colon ( ascending and descending)* *** Kidney *** Esophagus *** Rectum ** KID CARPUS (includes inferior vena cava, excludes esophagus) *** Kidney ***

*** Duodenum (distal 1st part - 4th part)* *** Colon ( ascending and descending)* *** Aorta *** Rectum *** Pancreas (head and body)* *** Ureter *** Suprarenal (adrenal) glands *

Intraperitoneal The peritoneum is the serous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal cavity or coelom in amniotes and some invertebrates, such as annelids. It covers most of the intra-abdominal (or coelomic) organs, and is composed of a layer of mesotheli ...

Organs ** DJ CLASS PIG *** Duodenum (proximal 1st part) *** Jejunum *** Colon (

cecum The cecum or caecum is a pouch within the peritoneum that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine. It is typically located on the right side of the body (the same side of the body as the appendix (anatomy), appendix, to which i ...

transverse Transverse may refer to: *Transverse engine, an engine in which the crankshaft is oriented side-to-side relative to the wheels of the vehicle *Transverse flute, a flute that is held horizontally * Transverse force (or ''Euler force''), the tangen ...

sigmoid Sigmoid means resembling the lower-case Greek letter sigma (uppercase Σ, lowercase σ, lowercase in word-final position ς) or the Latin letter S. Specific uses include: * Sigmoid function, a mathematical function * Sigmoid colon, part of the l ...

) *** Liver *** Appendix *** Stomach *** Spleen *** Pancreas (tail) *** Ileum *** Gallbladder

References

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ScienceMnemonic
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