Kryvyi Rih ( uk, Криви́й Ріг , lit. "Curved Bend" or "Crooked Horn"), also known as Krivoy Rog (
Russian: Кривой Рог) is the largest city in central Ukraine, the
7th
7 (seven) is the natural number following 6 and preceding 8. It is the only prime number preceding a cube (algebra), cube.
As an early prime number in the series of positive integers, the number seven has greatly symbolic associations in religion ...
most populous city in Ukraine and the 2nd largest by area. Kryvyi Rih is also claimed to be the longest city in Europe.
[ ] The city's population is estimated at . It hosts the administration of the
Kryvyi Rih District and its subordinate
Kryvyi Rih urban community.
The city is also part of the
Kryvyi Rih Metropolitan Region
The Kryvyi Rih Metropolitan Region, or Kryvbas, is an urban area in central Ukraine (by the most part). With a population of one million, it is one of the largest urban regions in Ukraine. It consists of a couple big industrial cities and some sm ...
.
Located at the confluence of the
Saksahan
The Saksahan is a river in Ukraine, in the southeastern part of the Dnieper Upland. It is a left tributary of the Inhulets (Dnieper basin), joining the Inhulets in the city of Kryvyi Rih.
The name is derived, according to some sources, from the T ...
and
Inhulets rivers, Kryvyi Rih was founded as a military
staging post in 1775. Urban-industrial growth followed
Belgian,
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
and
British investment
Investment is the dedication of money to purchase of an asset to attain an increase in value over a period of time. Investment requires a sacrifice of some present asset, such as time, money, or effort.
In finance, the purpose of investing i ...
in the exploitation of the area's rich
iron-ore
Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. The iron is usually found in the f ...
deposits (generally called
Kryvbas
:''Kryvbas'' ''may also refer to the FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih, the football team in Kryvyi Rih. See also Kryvbas (disambiguation)''
Kryvbas (, full name Kryvorizkyi Iron Ore Basin, ) is an important economic and historical region in central Ukraine ...
) in the 1880s. Kryvyi Rih gained
city
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
status after the
October Revolution
The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment ...
in 1919.
Stalin-era industrialisation saw the development in the city from 1934 of
Kryvorizhstal, the largest integrated metallurgical works in the Soviet Union. After a brutal German occupation in
World War Two, Kryvyi Rih experienced renewed growth through to the 1970s. The economic dislocation associated with the break-up of the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
contributed to high unemployment and a large-scale exodus from the city in the 1990s. The
privatization
Privatization (also privatisation in British English) can mean several different things, most commonly referring to moving something from the public sector into the private sector. It is also sometimes used as a synonym for deregulation when ...
of
Kryvorizhstal in 2005 was followed by increased foreign and private investment which helped finance urban regeneration. Beginning in 2017, there were major labour protests and strikes. Kryvyi Rih is the hometown of Ukrainian President
Volodymyr Zelensky
Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy, ; russian: Владимир Александрович Зеленский, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Zelenskyy, (born 25 January 1978; also transliterated as Zelensky or Zelenskiy) is a Ukrainian politicia ...
.
In their February
2022 invasion of Ukraine
On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which began in 2014. The invasion has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths on both sides. It has caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. An ...
, forces of the
Russian Federation
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
approached the city's outskirts from
Russian-occupied Crimea. In March, their advance stalled some 50 km to the south.
History
Etymology
Kryvyi Rih, which in Ukrainian literally means "Crooked
Horn
Horn most often refers to:
*Horn (acoustic), a conical or bell shaped aperture used to guide sound
** Horn (instrument), collective name for tube-shaped wind musical instruments
*Horn (anatomy), a pointed, bony projection on the head of various ...
" or "Curved Cape", was the name originally given in the 18th century to the general area of the present city by
Zaporozhian Cossacks
The Zaporozhian Cossacks, Zaporozhian Cossack Army, Zaporozhian Host, (, or uk, Військо Запорізьке, translit=Viisko Zaporizke, translit-std=ungegn, label=none) or simply Zaporozhians ( uk, Запорожці, translit=Zaporoz ...
. According to local
legend
A legend is a Folklore genre, genre of folklore that consists of a narrative featuring human actions, believed or perceived, both by teller and listeners, to have taken place in human history. Narratives in this genre may demonstrate human valu ...
, the first village in the area was founded by a "crooked" (
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
slang for "one-eyed") Cossack named ''Rih'' ("Horn"), but the name likely derives from the shape of the landmass formed by the
confluence
In geography, a confluence (also: ''conflux'') occurs where two or more flowing bodies of water join to form a single channel. A confluence can occur in several configurations: at the point where a tributary joins a larger river (main stem); o ...
of the river
Saksahan
The Saksahan is a river in Ukraine, in the southeastern part of the Dnieper Upland. It is a left tributary of the Inhulets (Dnieper basin), joining the Inhulets in the city of Kryvyi Rih.
The name is derived, according to some sources, from the T ...
with the
Inhulets.
Early history
In 1734 the Cossack
Zaporizhian Sich
The Zaporozhian Sich ( ua, Запорозька Січ, ; also uk, Вольностi Вiйська Запорозького Низового, ; Free lands of the Zaporozhian Host the Lower) was a semi-autonomous polity and proto-state of Cos ...
(or Host) incorporated the area within the Inhul Palanka division of their ''de-facto'' republic. A list of villages and winter camps (zymivnyki) from that time mentions Kryvyi Rih. In 1770, Kryvyi Rih was again recorded as the camp of
Zaporizhian Sich
The Zaporozhian Sich ( ua, Запорозька Січ, ; also uk, Вольностi Вiйська Запорозького Низового, ; Free lands of the Zaporozhian Host the Lower) was a semi-autonomous polity and proto-state of Cos ...
.
[В. Ізмайлов. Подорож у полуденну Росію в 1799 р. у листах, виданих Володимиром Ізмайловим]
On May 8, 1775, after the end of the
Russian-Turkish War
The Russo-Turkish wars (or Ottoman–Russian wars) were a series of twelve wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 20th centuries. It was one of the longest series of military conflicts in European histor ...
,
Russian authorities
The Government of Russia exercises executive power in the Russian Federation. The members of the government are the prime minister, the deputy prime ministers, and the federal ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russia ...
established Kryvyi Rih as a staging post (in the tradition of the
Mongol
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member of ...
yam) on the roads to the Russian garrisons of
Kremenchuk
Kremenchuk (; uk, Кременчу́к, Kremenchuk ) is an industrial city in central Ukraine which stands on the banks of the Dnipro River. The city serves as the administrative center of the Kremenchuk Raion (district) in Poltava Oblast (pr ...
,
Kinburn foreland and
Ochakov. In August of that year, on the direct order of
Catherine the Great
, en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes
, house =
, father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
, mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp
, birth_date =
, birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anhal ...
, the Sich was forcibly dissolved. The cossack lands were annexed to the Russian province of
Novorossiya and distributed among the Russian and Ukrainian gentry.
The early 19th century saw the construction of the first stone houses (1828), and three water mills. In 1860 the village was designated a
township
A township is a kind of human settlement or administrative subdivision, with its meaning varying in different countries.
Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, that tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Ca ...
.
[''Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary 1890—1907'']
Industrial growth
Alexander Pol
Alexander Nikolayevich Pol (russian: Александр Николаевич Поль; 20 August 1832 – 26 July 1890) was a Russian archaeologist, geologist, ethnographer and businessman of Baltic German descent. He is most well-known for discov ...
(also known as Paul), discovered and initiated iron ore investigation and production in this area. He is credited with discovering the
Kryvbas
:''Kryvbas'' ''may also refer to the FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih, the football team in Kryvyi Rih. See also Kryvbas (disambiguation)''
Kryvbas (, full name Kryvorizkyi Iron Ore Basin, ) is an important economic and historical region in central Ukraine ...
. This stimulated formation of a mining district. In 1884
Alexander II initiated the Catherine Railroad, first to
Dnipro
Dnipro, previously called Dnipropetrovsk from 1926 until May 2016, is Ukraine's fourth-largest city, with about one million inhabitants. It is located in the eastern part of Ukraine, southeast of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv on the Dnieper Rive ...
and then 505 km to the coal-mining region of
Donbas
The Donbas or Donbass (, ; uk, Донба́с ; russian: Донба́сс ) is a historical, cultural, and economic region in eastern Ukraine. Parts of the Donbas are controlled by Russian separatist groups as a result of the Russo-Ukrai ...
.
In 1880, with 5 million
francs of
capital
Capital may refer to:
Common uses
* Capital city, a municipality of primary status
** List of national capital cities
* Capital letter, an upper-case letter Economics and social sciences
* Capital (economics), the durable produced goods used f ...
, Pol founded the "French Society of Kryvyi Rih Ores". In 1882 16.4 thousand tons of ore were extracted from surface mines on the outskirts of town by 150 workers. The first underground mine of the basin began operations in 1886. In 1892, when ''Hdantsivka''
ironworks
An ironworks or iron works is an industrial plant where iron is smelted and where heavy iron and steel products are made. The term is both singular and plural, i.e. the singular of ''ironworks'' is ''ironworks''.
Ironworks succeeded bloomeri ...
was started, ore began to be processed locally, spawning new metallurgical enterprises spurred by substantial western, and in particular Belgian,
investment. At the same time Kryvyi Rih ore began to feed the German metallurgical industry in
Silesia
Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is split ...
. In 1902, the Catherine Railroad linked Kryvyi Rih to the coal mines of the Donbas.
File:Synagogue of kryvyi Rih.jpg, Kryvyi Rih's synagogue, 19th century
File:Olexander Paul.jpg, Alexander Pol
Alexander Nikolayevich Pol (russian: Александр Николаевич Поль; 20 August 1832 – 26 July 1890) was a Russian archaeologist, geologist, ethnographer and businessman of Baltic German descent. He is most well-known for discov ...
studied iron ore in detail and proved its commercial value
File:1899 in Kryvyi Rih 10.jpg, An ore quarry in 1899
File:Krivoi-Rog Iron Mining Company Stocks 01.JPG, Joltaїa Rieka Iron Mining Company share, 1899
File:Kryvyi Rih Credit Union.jpg, Poshtova Street about 1900
File:Kryvyi Rih Pochtovaya Street.jpg, Kryvyi Rih Mutual Credit Society
File:Kryvyi Rih Region Map 1914.jpg, A regional map in 1914
File:Krivoi-Rog Iron Mining Company Stocks 02.JPG, Minerais de Fer de Krivoї Rog share
At the end of the 19th century the tallest building was the Central Synagogue, built by a thriving Jewish community of artisans, merchants and traders.
In 1905 the community was subject to
pogroms
A pogrom () is a violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews. The term entered the English language from Russian to describe 19th- and 20th-century attacks on Jews in the Russian ...
in which the authorities were complicit. Many Jewish people left the area, emigrating to
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
,
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
and the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
.
The surrounding mines attracted prospectors looking to turn a quick profit. The
supply of mined ore soon exceeded
demand. Many mines had to cut employment or temporarily suspend operations. Workers, many drawn from the Russian-speaking north (from
Great Russia
Great Russia, sometimes Great Rus' (russian: Великая Русь, , , , , ), is a name formerly applied to the territories of "Russia proper", the land that formed the core of Muscovy and later Russia. This was the land to which the eth ...
), laboured in harsh conditions with no security. Work in the mines induced lung cancer,
tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in ...
and
asthma
Asthma is a long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. It is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and easily triggered bronchospasms. Symptoms include episodes of wheezing, cou ...
. In protest, workers began to develop ideas about socialism and democracy. Labour unrest resulted in several terrorist attacks and in widespread
strikes
Strike may refer to:
People
*Strike (surname)
Physical confrontation or removal
*Strike (attack), attack with an inanimate object or a part of the human body intended to cause harm
*Airstrike, military strike by air forces on either a suspected ...
.
The
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
interrupted access to the export markets, and many workers were drafted into the military. A council of
''soviet'' of Soldiers and Worker's Deputies was formed in 1917. January 1918 saw the first attempt by the
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
to establish the authority in the town of the new
Soviet government in Moscow.
The Soviet era
The Civil War
In the
civil war
A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country).
The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...
that followed the
Bolshevik Revolution
The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks, Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was ...
of October 1917, Kryvyi Rih changed hands several times. In February 1918, the Bolsheviks proclaimed the
Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic, but then in March conceded the territory under the terms of the
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a separate peace, separate peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between Russian SFSR, Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Kingdom of ...
to the German-controlled
Ukrainian State. After the
Germans
, native_name_lang = de
, region1 =
, pop1 = 72,650,269
, region2 =
, pop2 = 534,000
, region3 =
, pop3 = 157,000
3,322,405
, region4 =
, pop4 = ...
and their
Austro-Hungarian allies withdrew in November 1918, the town was successively occupied by the nationalists of the
Ukrainian People's Republic
The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR), or Ukrainian National Republic (UNR), was a country in Eastern Europe that existed between 1917 and 1920. It was declared following the February Revolution in Russia by the First Universal. In March 1 ...
, the counter-revolutionary
Volunteer Army
The Volunteer Army (russian: Добровольческая армия, translit=Dobrovolcheskaya armiya, abbreviated to russian: Добрармия, translit=Dobrarmiya) was a White Army active in South Russia during the Russian Civil War from ...
of
General Denikin
Anton Ivanovich Denikin (russian: Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин, link= ; 16 December Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S._4_December.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New St ...
(the "Whites"),
the anarchist Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (the
''Makhnovshchina)'' and, from 17 January 1920, by the Bolshevik Red Army.
In 1922 the region was incorporated into the
Ukrainian SSR
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...
, a constituent republic of the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
.
Industrialisation, collectivisation
The town, with a population of 22,571, was now designated a city. Mine operations were revived, and in 1924 a 55.3 km (34.4 mi) water-supply system was laid underground. In the summer of 1927, 10,000 people began to work on the
Dnieprostroi, a huge dam on the
Dnieper River
}
The Dnieper () or Dnipro (); , ; . is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. It is the longest river of Ukraine and B ...
in
Zaporizhzhia
Zaporizhzhia ( uk, Запоріжжя) or Zaporozhye (russian: Запорожье) is a city in southeast Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. It is the Capital city, administrative centre of Zaporizhzhia Oblast. Zapor ...
, whose hydro-electric power was to drive Kryvyi Rih's industrialisation. The first
Mining Institute opened in 1929. The Medical and
Pedagogical Institutes were founded.
In line with
Stalin's plans for break-neck industrialisation, in 1931 the foundation of the Kryvyi Rih Metallurgical Plant, the future
Kryvorizhstal, was laid. The first blast furnace of the metallurgical works produced steel three years later. The city grew rapidly.
In the surrounding countryside, industrialisation was accompanied the collectivisation of agriculture. The dispossession of the peasants and the confiscation of their harvests induced the ''
Holodomor
The Holodomor ( uk, Голодомо́р, Holodomor, ; derived from uk, морити голодом, lit=to kill by starvation, translit=moryty holodom, label=none), also known as the Terror-Famine or the Great Famine, was a man-made famin ...
'' or Great Famine of 1932–33.
By 1941, at over 200,000, the population of the industrial city had increased almost tenfold.
Nazi occupation
During World War II, Kryvyi Rih was occupied by the
German Army
The German Army (, "army") is the land component of the armed forces of Germany. The present-day German Army was founded in 1955 as part of the newly formed West German ''Bundeswehr'' together with the ''Marine'' (German Navy) and the ''Luftwaf ...
from 15 August 1941 to 22 February 1944, and was administered for most of that period as part of the
Reichskommissariat Ukraine
During World War II, (abbreviated as RKU) was the civilian occupation regime () of much of Nazi German-occupied Ukraine (which included adjacent areas of modern-day Belarus and pre-war Second Polish Republic). It was governed by the Reich Min ...
. In advance of the Germans, industrial plant and machine operators were evacuated to
Nizhny Tagil in the Urals.
An initial toleration of Ukrainian cultural activity and propaganda by the pro-German
Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists in the town ended in January and February 1942 with the arrest and execution of the leading Ukrainian activists.
In 1939 12,745 Jews had lived in Krivoy Rog, comprising about 6 per cent of the total population. Those who did not succeed in leaving the city during the organized evacuation were systematically concentrated and murdered by the Nazi occupiers. The first mass killing of two to three hundred by an Einsatzkommando occurred at the end of August 1941 at a brick works. On 14–15 October a combination of SS, German police and Ukrainian auxiliaries murdered 7,000 more at an iron ore mine. Children were thrown into the pits alive.
Hitler had repeatedly stressed the crucial importance of this area: "The Nikopol manganese is of such importance, it cannot be expressed in words. Loss of Nikopol (on the
Dnieper River
}
The Dnieper () or Dnipro (); , ; . is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. It is the longest river of Ukraine and B ...
, southwest of Zaporozhye) would mean the end of war." The German bridgehead on the left bank of the Dnieper gave the German command a base in order to restore the land connection with their forces locked in the Crimea. During the first half of January 1944, Soviet troops made repeated attempts to eliminate the Nikopol-Krivoy Rog enemy group, but the
Nikopol–Krivoy Rog Offensive did not succeed in breaking into the city until the end of February. Although the greater part of city was destroyed, a special 37th Red Army detachment prevented the German demolition of the power stations in the city and the
Saksahan
The Saksahan is a river in Ukraine, in the southeastern part of the Dnieper Upland. It is a left tributary of the Inhulets (Dnieper basin), joining the Inhulets in the city of Kryvyi Rih.
The name is derived, according to some sources, from the T ...
dams.
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-10648, Entwurf eines Kraftwerks für Süd-Russland.jpg, AEG
Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft AG (AEG; ) was a German producer of electrical equipment founded in Berlin as the ''Deutsche Edison-Gesellschaft für angewandte Elektricität'' in 1883 by Emil Rathenau. During the Second World War, AEG ...
power station built in 1930
File:Germans in Kriwoi Rog.jpg, Wehrmacht
The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the ''Heer'' (army), the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmacht''" replaced the previous ...
soldiers operating 10.5 cm leFH 18
The 10.5 cm leFH 18 (german: leichte Feldhaubitze "light field howitzer") is a German light howitzer used in World War II and the standard artillery piece of the Wehrmacht, adopted for service in 1935 and used by all divisions and artillery ...
. Svobody Street, 1942
File:Krivoi Rog WW3.jpg, Soldiers arresting people, 1942
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-17031-0001, Bergarbeiter, Ehrung.jpg, Miners and pioneers pose in front of the Banner of Krivoi Rog. 1952.
File:Kryvyi Rih8.jpg, Dimitrova Street, like many in the city center, is lined with dozens of Stalinist
Stalinism is the means of governing and Marxist-Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953 by Joseph Stalin. It included the creation of a one-party totalitarian police state, rapid industrialization, the theory o ...
buildings
File:Kryvyi Rih - building3.jpg, City Hall was built in the year of the city's 200th jubilee.
File:Nativity of the Theotokos Church, Kryvyi Rih.jpeg, Nativity of the Theotokos Church, 1886, restored in the 2000s
Post-war Soviet city
After the war, people lived among the ruins while rebuilding the housing stock. The housing shortage was met by innovative technological solutions, and temporary barracks and houses were quickly built.
In the late 1940s, re-construction was accompanied by
Stakhanovite propaganda: Pre-war iron ore production was restored by 1950.
In 1961 this was supplemented by new mines and by the
Central and,
Northern Iron Ore Enrichment Works
Northern Iron Ore dressing Works (Northern GZK) ( uk, Північний гірничо-збагачувальний комбінат; russian: Северный горно-обогатительный комбинат) was built and launched in Kr ...
.
[Електротранспорт України: Енциклопедичний путівник / Сергій Тархов, Кость Козлов, Ааре Оландер. — Київ: Сидоренко В. Б., 2010. — 912 с.: іл., схеми. — .] By the end of the Soviet era Kryvbas was producing 42% of
USSR
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
and 80% of
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
ore.
At the beginning of the 1960s, the city received a signature 185m-tall, guyed tubular steel TV mast. It also saw housing stock replaced and expanded with several large
Khrushchyovka
''Khrushchyovka'' ( rus, Хрущёвка, Khrushchyovka, p=xrʊˈɕːɵfkə) or (a derogatory nickname) ''Khrushchoba'' ( rus, Хрущоба, Hrushchoba, t=Khru-slum) is an unofficial name for a type of low-cost, concrete- paneled or brick ...
s apartment complexes, and urban planning incorporating broad tree-lined avenues with trams lines running down their center.
On June 16–18, 1963, increased food prices triggered protests in the city, estimated to involve between 1,000 and 6,000 people. After an ex-serviceman who had interceded with the police was severely beaten, there was rioting. Moscow sent in troops. While the authorities admitted to 4 dead and 15 wounded, witnesses report that soldiers killed at least 7, and that over 200 people were hospitalised with injuries. Fifteen hundred people received prison sentences.
In 1975, the city's two-hundredth anniversary was marked by the development of the Jubilee mine and adjacent residential area, and by the construction of a new city administration building and park. In September 1976 Krivorozh wool spinning factory was commissioned.
In last years of the Soviet Union, and following a sharp reduction in spending on cultural, sports and youth service, the city witnessed neighborhood-based.gang violence—the so-called "war of Runners". The era of ''
Perestrioka'' was also marked by the emergence of independent trade unions, and of new civic and political organisations.
In independent Ukraine
Redevelopment and politics
In a
national referendum
A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a Direct democracy, direct vote by the Constituency, electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a Representative democr ...
on 1 December 1991, Ukrainian independence was approved by 90% of the votes cast in Kryvyi Rih's
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast ( uk, Дніпропетро́вська о́бласть, translit=Dnipropetrovska oblast), also referred to as Dnipropetrovshchyna ( uk, Дніпропетро́вщина), is an administrative divisions of Ukraine, obla ...
.
Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expe ...
& Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', page 1976 The first 25 years of independence was a period of economic dislocation and adjustment. The population of the city decreased by almost 100,000 from a peak of 780,000 in the late 1980s.
Assisted by
Metinvest, investment followed the 2005
privatization
Privatization (also privatisation in British English) can mean several different things, most commonly referring to moving something from the public sector into the private sector. It is also sometimes used as a synonym for deregulation when ...
of
Kryvorizhstal, and there was extensive redevelopment including new shopping and entertainment centers. In July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, Kryvyi Rih Municipality and the Kryvyi Rih Raion came under a common city authority. The city remains the second most important in the Dnipropetrovsk region after
Dnipro
Dnipro, previously called Dnipropetrovsk from 1926 until May 2016, is Ukraine's fourth-largest city, with about one million inhabitants. It is located in the eastern part of Ukraine, southeast of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv on the Dnieper Rive ...
. Krivyi Rih has two independent universities, and several institutes and technical schools.
Until the events of
Euromaidan
Euromaidan (; uk, Євромайдан, translit=Yevromaidan, lit=Euro Square, ), or the Maidan Uprising, was a wave of Political demonstration, demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine, which began on 21 November 2013 with large protes ...
in 2014 and their aftermath, in local and national elections Kryvyi Rih favored Russian-friendly candidates belonging first, in the 1990s, to the
Communist Party of Ukraine
The Communist Party of Ukraine, Abbreviation: KPU, from Ukrainian and Russian "" is a banned political party in Ukraine. It was founded in 1993 as the successor to the Soviet-era Communist Party of Ukraine which was banned in 1991 (accord ...
and then, in the new century, the
Party of Regions
The Party of Regions ( uk, Партія регіонів, Partiia rehioniv, ; russian: Партия регионов, Partiya regionov) was a pro-Russian political party in Ukraine formed in late 1997 that then grew to be the biggest party of Uk ...
. In 2010 the city elected Party of Regions Yuriy Vilkul mayor, and helped
Viktor Yanukovych to victory in the
presidential election
A presidential election is the election of any head of state whose official title is President.
Elections by country
Albania
The president of Albania is elected by the Assembly of Albania who are elected by the Albanian public.
Chile
The pre ...
. After the
Euromaidan events, which were accompanied by demonstrations and clashes in the city centre, support began to ebb from the Party of Regions.
Petro Poroshenko
Petro Oleksiyovych Poroshenko ( uk, Петро́ Олексі́йович Пороше́нко, ; born 26 September 1965) is a Ukrainian businessman and politician who served as the fifth president of Ukraine from 2014 to 2019. Poroshenko ser ...
, who insisted that Russian separatists in the
Donbas
The Donbas or Donbass (, ; uk, Донба́с ; russian: Донба́сс ) is a historical, cultural, and economic region in eastern Ukraine. Parts of the Donbas are controlled by Russian separatist groups as a result of the Russo-Ukrai ...
"don't represent anybody",
was supported in the presidential election of 2014. Vilkul was re-elected mayor in 2015, but amidst large-scale protests alleging electoral fraud.
In the 2019 Ukrainian presidential election the city supported its native son
Volodymyr Zelensky
Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy, ; russian: Владимир Александрович Зеленский, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Zelenskyy, (born 25 January 1978; also transliterated as Zelensky or Zelenskiy) is a Ukrainian politicia ...
y,
who defeated Poroshenko in the second round in April.
In the July 2019 elections for the
Ukrainian Rada, candidates for
Zelenskyy
Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy, ; russian: Владимир Александрович Зеленский, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Zelenskyy, (born 25 January 1978; also transliterated as Zelensky or Zelenskiy) is a Ukrainian politicia ...
's
Servant of the People Party
Servant of the People (SN; uk, Слуга народу, Sluha narodu, ) is a liberal, centrist, pro-European political party in Ukraine.
It was formed in late 2017 and was officially registered on 31 March 2018 on the basis of the previously ...
won the city's three parliamentary seats. However, in December 2020, the Servant of the People candidate for mayor, Dmytr Shevchuk, lost to Kostantin Pavlov of the pro-Russian
Opposition Platform — For Life.
On 15 August 2021, Pavlov was found dead in the entrance to his home, a gun lying next to his body. In September, reporting on an investigation that included a search of the home of the former, and now acting, mayor, Yyriy Vilkul, the Minister of Internal Affairs
Denys Monastyrsky
Denys Anatoliiovych Monastyrsky ( uk, Денис Анатолійович Монастирський; born 12 June 1980) is a Ukrainian lawyer and politician who has been Ukraine's Minister of Internal Affairs since 16 July 2021.[ArcelorMittal
ArcelorMittal S.A. is a Luxembourgian multinational steel manufacturing corporation headquartered in Luxembourg City. It was formed in 2006 from the takeover and merger of Arcelor by Indian-owned Mittal Steel. ArcelorMittal is the second larg ...]
steel plant ground to a halt as workers refused to guide trains along the factory's self-enclosed supply chain until they received monthly pay of 1,000 euros. Management brought in employees from state-owned railway company Ukrzaliznytsia to run the factory, breaking the strike but leaving the central dispute in place. An underlying problem, according to ArcelorMittal's chief procurement officer, is a labour shortage. Skilled workers are emigrating to
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
,
Czechia, and to other countries. But the plant's upper management sees costs associated with the higher salaries that might retain workers as an unacceptable threat to an ambitious, multibillion-dollar factory modernization project.
Kryvorizhstal, Ukraine's largest integrated steel company, had been privatised in 2005 in publicly televised auction. This was after the incoming government of President
Viktor Yushchenko cancelled a 2004 auction that had seen the company sold at a much lower price to a consortium that included the son-in-law of ex-President
Leonid Kuchma
Leonid Danylovych Kuchma ( uk, Леоні́д Дани́лович Ку́чма; born 9 August 1938) is a Ukrainian politician who was the second president of Ukraine from 19 July 1994 to 23 January 2005. Kuchma's presidency saw numerous corrup ...
.The Indian-owned international steel conglomerate
Mittal Steel proved successful with a bid of $4.8 billion (equivalent to a fifth of Ukraine's national budget). In 2006, Mittal took over its international rival, Arcelor, to form
ArcelorMittal
ArcelorMittal S.A. is a Luxembourgian multinational steel manufacturing corporation headquartered in Luxembourg City. It was formed in 2006 from the takeover and merger of Arcelor by Indian-owned Mittal Steel. ArcelorMittal is the second larg ...
headquartered in
Luxembourg City
Luxembourg ( lb, Lëtzebuerg; french: Luxembourg; german: Luxemburg), also known as Luxembourg City ( lb, Stad Lëtzebuerg, link=no or ; french: Ville de Luxembourg, link=no; german: Stadt Luxemburg, link=no or ), is the capital city of the Lu ...
. Since then the company says its has invested more than $5 billion in its Kryvyi Rih operations.
On 15 October 2020, in an action that began with 393 miners occupying mine-shafts,
18 iron-ore miners came to the surface after spending a total of 43 days underground to protest pay and conditions. The mine administration had introduced piecework wages for most jobs underground, linking people's daily income to the amount of ore mined. In response to this, and to above-ground worker blockades, plant management made concessions on wages, benefits and health and safety.
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
On the first day of the
invasion of Ukraine by Russia, 24 February 2022, there were air strikes against military targets in the city, causing evacuations of residents in the district of Makulan.
On 27 February, city mayor
Oleksandr Vilkul
Oleksandr Yuriyovych Vilkul ( uk, Олексaндр Юрійович Вiлкул; born 24 May 1974), also known as Aleksandr Yuryevich Vilkul (russian: Александр Юрьевич Вилкул) is a Ukrainian businessman and politician wh ...
was appointed the head of the military administration of Kryvyi Rih.
According to Vilkul, the day previously — the second day the war — the Russian military had attempted an air assault. An
Ilyushin Il 76 transport had approached an abandoned Soviet-era air base just east of the city. Carrying more than 100 paratroopers with orders to capture the airfield as an “air bridge”, it was forced to abort its mission at 300 metres. As soon as the city had been hit with missiles local defenders had blocked the runway with mechanical equipment.
On the same day, Vilkul said that he had received a phone call from a former colleague who invited him to "sign an agreement of friendship, cooperation and defense with Russia"; he said that he "responded with profanity."
On the third day of the war, 27 February, the Russian forces, according to Vilkul, sent a column of 300 military vehicles from their advancing position to the south, and that after ten days of intense fighting they were turned back. As an industrial center that accounted for fully 10% of Ukraine's GDP, Vilkul was convinced that Kryvyi Rih was a prime target for Russian forces.
In the third week of the war, Russian troops broadened their offensive across Ukraine and were again advancing toward Kryvyi Rih from the south. On 10 March, two rockets struck the
Kryvyi Rih International Airport
Kryvyi Rih/Lozuvatka International Airport ( ua, Міжнародний аеропорт Кривий Ріг (Лозуватка)) is an airport near Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine. It is located 4.2 km (2.6 miles) west of the Lozuvatka rural commun ...
in . On 12 March, Metinvest was reported to have shuttered an open pit iron ore mine in the city, and to have sent the huge trucks used at the mine to block key roads to slow the Russian advance. In its 15 March briefing, the
Ukrainian Ministry of Defence
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* Som ...
stated that the movement by "occupation troops" toward Kryvyi Rih had been stopped. According to Russian sources, the invaders faced extensive improvised fortifications and minefields. On 29 March, Vilkul said that the line of contact was no longer on the border with
Dnipropetrovsk region
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast ( uk, Дніпропетро́вська о́бласть, translit=Dnipropetrovska oblast), also referred to as Dnipropetrovshchyna ( uk, Дніпропетро́вщина), is an oblast (province) of central-eastern Ukra ...
, but 40-60 kilometers south in the
Kherson Oblast
Kherson Oblast ( uk, Херсо́нська о́бласть, translit=Khersónsʹka óblastʹ, ), also known as Khersonshchyna ( uk, Херсо́нщина, ), is an oblast (province) in southern Ukraine, currently claimed and partly occupied ...
. He was confident, in any case, that running 120 km north to south, the longest city in Europe could not be surrounded.
On 30 March, ArcelorMittal which at the beginning of the month had idled its steelmaking operations in Kryvyi Rih citing concern for the safety and security of its 26,000 workers and for its assets, announced that it was preparing to restart production.
At the end of May, responding to Russian rocket and missile strikes, Ukrainian forces made limited counterattacks south of Kryvyi Rih. The southern
Inhulets and
Radushne
Radushne ( uk, Радушне; russian: Радушное) is an urban-type settlement in Kryvyi Rih Raion of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast in Ukraine. It is located about southeast of the city of Kryvyi Rih. It belongs to Novopillia rural hromada, one o ...
districts remain exposed to Russian shelling with civilian losses. At dawn on 25 August, Kryvyi Rih was hit by
cluster munition
A cluster munition is a form of air-dropped or ground-launched explosive weapon that releases or ejects smaller submunitions. Commonly, this is a cluster bomb that ejects explosive bomblets that are designed to kill personnel and destroy vehicl ...
s.
On 14 September, the city faced rising water levels in the Inhulets River, and water shortages, as the Russian forces fired eight cruise missiles at local infrastructure. The strike against President Zelenskyy's home town—an attempt, he suggested, to flood the city—came after his visit to towns in the Kharkiv region regained in
Ukraine's first major counteroffensive.
Government
The city of Kryvyi Rih is governed by the
Kryvyi Rih Municipality
Kryvyi Rih urban territorial hromada ( uk, Криворізька територіа́льна грома́да, translit=Kryvorizka terytorialna hromada) is a hromada (municipality) in central Ukraine, in Kryvyi Rih Raion of Dnipropetrovsk Oblas ...
. It is a city community that is designated as a separate district within its
oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdom of ...
.
Administratively, the city is divided into "raions" (districts). Presently, there are 7 districts: Metallurgical, Central City, Terny, Saksahan, Inhulets, Pokrovskyi and Dovhintsivsky. Small townships, Avangard, Horniatske, Ternovaty Kut, Kolomoitsevo and Nowoivanivka were added to the city.
In 1775, Inhulets Povit (territory) of
Novorossiysk Governorate
Novorossiya Governorate (russian: Новороссийская губерния, Novorossiyskaya guberniya, New Russia Governorate; uk, Новоросійська губернія), was a guberniya, governorate of the Russian Empire in the p ...
was established on lands of Inhulets palanca after the abolition of the
Zaporozhian Sich
The Zaporozhian Sich ( ua, Запорозька Січ, ; also uk, Вольностi Вiйська Запорозького Низового, ; Free lands of the Zaporozhian Host the Lower) was a semi-autonomous polity and proto-state of Cos ...
. In 1775/1776 it was part of
Kherson Governorate
The Kherson Governorate (1802–1922; russian: Херсонская губерния, translit.: ''Khersonskaya guberniya''; uk, Херсонська губернія, translit=Khersonska huberniia), was an administrative territorial unit (als ...
. In 1783, the povit centre became Kryvyi Rih, and it was renamed "Kryvyi Rih Povit". In 1860 Kryvyi Rih got the status of township in
Kherson Governorate
The Kherson Governorate (1802–1922; russian: Херсонская губерния, translit.: ''Khersonskaya guberniya''; uk, Херсонська губернія, translit=Khersonska huberniia), was an administrative territorial unit (als ...
. In 1919 township was granted city status in
Yekaterinoslav Governorate and, later,
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast ( uk, Дніпропетро́вська о́бласть, translit=Dnipropetrovska oblast), also referred to as Dnipropetrovshchyna ( uk, Дніпропетро́вщина), is an administrative divisions of Ukraine, obla ...
. As a result of the administrative reform in 1923 Kryvyi Rih povit converted to Kryvyi Rih county, which in 1930 became an independent administrative
unit of Ukraine.
Kryvyi Rih has four single-mandate
parliamentary constituencies
An electoral district, also known as an election district, legislative district, voting district, constituency, riding, ward, division, or (election) precinct is a subdivision of a larger state (a country, administrative region
Administra ...
entirely within the city, through which members of parliament (MPs) are elected to represent the city in
Ukraine's national parliament. At the
2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election
Snap elections to the Verkhovna Rada took place on 26 October 2014.
Petro Poroshenko, the President of Ukraine, had pressed for early parliamentary elections since his victory in the presidential election in May.[Petro Poroshenko Bloc
European Solidarity ( uk, Європейська солідарність, Yevropeis'ka solidarnist', YeS) is a political party in Ukraine. It has its roots in a parliamentary group called Solidarity dating from 2000 and has existed since in vario ...]
and independent candidates with representation being from Yuri Pavlov, Andriy Halchenko,
Konstantin Usov
Konstantin Glebovich Usov (russian: Константин Глебович Усов, uk, Костянтин Глібович Усов; born 9 July 1988) is a Ukrainian politician, People’s Deputy of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the VIII c ...
respectively. In multimember districts the city voted for
Opposition Bloc
russian: Оппозиционный блок
, colorcode =
, logo = Opposition Bloc.png
, logo_size = 240px
, leader1_title = Chairman
, leader1_name = Rinat Akhmetov (one wing)Dmytro Firtash & Yuriy Boyko ( ...
, a union of all political forces that did not endorse
Euromaidan
Euromaidan (; uk, Євромайдан, translit=Yevromaidan, lit=Euro Square, ), or the Maidan Uprising, was a wave of Political demonstration, demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine, which began on 21 November 2013 with large protes ...
. At the
2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election
Snap elections to the Ukrainian parliament were held on 21 July 2019. Originally scheduled to be held at the end of October, these elections were brought forward after newly inaugurated President of Ukraine, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy dissolv ...
three local MPs were representing
Servant of the People, the party of
Ukrainian President
The president of Ukraine ( uk, Президент України, Prezydent Ukrainy) is the head of state of Ukraine. The president represents the nation in international relations, administers the foreign political activity of the state, condu ...
and Kryvyi Rih native
Volodymyr Zelenskyy
Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy, ; russian: Владимир Александрович Зеленский, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Zelenskyy, (born 25 January 1978; also transliterated as Zelensky or Zelenskiy) is a Ukrainian politicia ...
, and one independent candidate,
Dmytro Shpenov.
[2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election Results]
Ukrayinska Pravda
''Ukrainska Pravda'' ( uk, Українська правда, lit=Ukrainian Truth) is a Ukrainian online newspaper founded by Georgiy Gongadze on 16 April 2000 (the day of the Ukrainian constitutional referendum). Published mainly in Ukraini ...
Culture
Kryvyi Rih has a thriving theatre, circus and dance scene, and is home to a number of large performance venues. There are also the Doll Theatre and Movement Theatre.
The first theater was the Coliseum, built in 1908. The New Theatre of Vyzenberh and Hrushevskyy followed in 1911, at the corner of Lenina and Kalynychenko streets. Kryvbas Theatre began its activities in 1931, and three years later was incorporated with the Shevchenko Theater.
Kryvyi Rih is noted as the birthplace
Eugenie Gershoy
Eugenie Gershoy (January 1, 1901 – May 8, 1986) was an American sculptor and watercolorist.
Life
Gershoy emigrated to New York City with her family in 1903.
Aided by scholarships, she studied at the Art Students League under Alexander Stirlin ...
. She emigrated to the United States with her family in 1903, and there became an American sculptor and watercolorist. Gershoy's work is in the collections of the
Whitney Museum of American Art
The Whitney Museum of American Art, known informally as "The Whitney", is an art museum in the Meatpacking District and West Village neighborhoods of Manhattan in New York City. It was founded in 1930 by Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney (1875–1942), ...
, the
Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...
, and the
Smithsonian American Art Museum
The Smithsonian American Art Museum (commonly known as SAAM, and formerly the National Museum of American Art) is a museum in Washington, D.C., part of the Smithsonian Institution. Together with its branch museum, the Renwick Gallery, SAAM holds o ...
. Her papers are held at
Syracuse University
Syracuse University (informally 'Cuse or SU) is a Private university, private research university in Syracuse, New York. Established in 1870 with roots in the Methodist Episcopal Church, the university has been nonsectarian since 1920. Locate ...
. Indie band
Brunettes Shoot Blondes
Brunettes Shoot Blondes is a Ukrainian indie rock band, founded in early 2010 and based out of Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine. The band released 2 mini-albums and 7 singles.
The group gained international recognition in September 2014 for an animated music ...
, folk musician
Eduard Drach
Eduard Drach ( uk, Едуард Драч) born 1965 in Kryvyi Rih, in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union – in present-day Ukraine) is а prominent and influential composer, singer-songwriter, kobzar, and bandurist. ...
, actress
Helena Makowska
Helena Makowska ('' née'' Woynowiczówna, 2 March 1893 – 22 August 1964) was a Polish actress. She appeared in more than 60 films between 1911 and 1958.
Early life
Helena Makowska was born Helena Woynowiczówna on 2 March 1893 to Ludwik ...
, and dancer
Vladimir Malakhov also originated in the city.
The first film screenings were conducted in the city in the early 1920s. In 1934 Lenin Cinema was built. Today there are three movie theaters: Olympus,
Odessa
Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrativ ...
and
Multiplex
Multiplex may refer to:
* Multiplex (automobile), a former American car make
* Multiplex (comics), a DC comic book supervillain
* Multiplex (company), a global contracting and development company
* Multiplex (assay), a biological assay which measur ...
. The Kryvyi Rih Circus features large-scale exhibition space where fairs are held. A remnant of Soviet heritage are
Palaces of Culture
Palace of Culture (russian: Дворец культуры, dvorets kultury, , ''wénhuà gōng'', german: Kulturpalast) or House of Culture (Polish: ''dom kultury'') is a common name (generic term) for major club-houses (community centres) in the ...
, located in every district of the city.
The local historical museum celebrates Cossack history, the industrial heritage of the area and its role in the Soviet State. The municipally owned Art Gallery houses a collection of local paintings.
The nightlife of the city has expanded significantly since the 2000s. Big clubs such as Hollywood and Sky have attracted touring DJs and pop and rap performers. Another major scene of the city is the Palace of Youth and Students of the
Kryvyi Rih National University (KNU). The most popular fast-food,
McDonald's
McDonald's Corporation is an American Multinational corporation, multinational fast food chain store, chain, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States. They rechri ...
, is located at
95th Block
Quarter 95 ( uk, 95-й квартал) is a public square in the city of Kryvyi Rih in Ukraine.
The quarter is located in the center of the city, on the left bank of Saksahan river, divided between the Saksahan District and the Metallurgical Dis ...
.
Ukrainian cuisine
Ukrainian cuisine is the collection of the various cooking traditions of the people of Ukraine, one of the largest and most populous European countries. It is heavily influenced by the rich dark soil (''chernozem'') from which its ingredients ...
is found adjacent to a range of Jewish and popular American foods:
bagel
A bagel ( yi, בײגל, translit=beygl; pl, bajgiel; also spelled beigel) is a bread roll originating in the Jewish communities of Poland. It is traditionally shaped by hand into a roughly hand-sized ring from yeasted wheat dough that is first ...
s,
cheesecake
Cheesecake is a sweet dessert consisting of one or more layers. The main, and thickest, layer consists of a mixture of a soft, fresh cheese (typically cottage cheese, cream cheese or ricotta), eggs, and sugar. If there is a bottom layer, it m ...
,
hot dogs,
shawarma and
pizza
Pizza (, ) is a dish of Italian origin consisting of a usually round, flat base of leavened wheat-based dough topped with tomatoes, cheese, and often various other ingredients (such as various types of sausage, anchovies, mushrooms, onions ...
.
Japanese cuisine
Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of political, economic, and social changes. The traditional cuisine of Japan (Japanese: ) is based on rice with miso soup and other ...
and other Asian restaurants,
hookah
A hookah (Hindustani language, Hindustani: (Nastaleeq), (Devanagari), IPA: ; also see #Names and etymology, other names), shisha, or waterpipe is a single- or multi-stemmed instrument for heating or vaporizing and then smoking either tobacco ...
s,
sandwich
A sandwich is a food typically consisting of vegetables, sliced cheese or meat, placed on or between slices of bread, or more generally any dish wherein bread serves as a container or wrapper for another food type. The sandwich began as a po ...
joints,
trattoria
A ''trattoria'' (plural: ''trattorie'') is an Italian-style eating establishment that is generally much less formal than a '' ristorante'', but more formal than an ''osteria''.
A ''trattoria'' rooted in tradition may typically provide no pri ...
s and
coffeehouse
A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or café is an establishment that primarily serves coffee of various types, notably espresso, latte, and cappuccino. Some coffeehouses may serve cold drinks, such as iced coffee and iced tea, as well as other non-ca ...
s have become ubiquitous. Other well-known places include City Pub and Prado Cafe. The city is home to the annual
electronic music
Electronic music is a genre of music that employs electronic musical instruments, digital instruments, or circuitry-based music technology in its creation. It includes both music made using electronic and electromechanical means ( electroac ...
Turbofly festival.
Rock
Rock most often refers to:
* Rock (geology), a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals or mineraloids
* Rock music, a genre of popular music
Rock or Rocks may also refer to:
Places United Kingdom
* Rock, Caerphilly, a location in Wales ...
music, a tradition in Ukraine, is an important part of the city's life and is hosted in few small pubs.
Education
Kryvyi Rih National University, a major institution, was originally formed as a college and Mining Institute in 1929. It gained university status in 1982.
Kryvyi Rih Pedagogical Institute
Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University (also referred to as KDPU) was founded in 1930 as a University of Vocational Training, is the oldest pedagogical institution in Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine, reorganized in Pedagogical University. In the prewar per ...
was founded in 1930 as an Institute of Vocational Training, and is the oldest pedagogical institution in Kryvyi Rih, reorganized as a Pedagogical Institute. In 2011 the Cabinet of Ukraine founded Kryvyi Rih National University by uniting the Mining Institute, Pedagogical University, Economic Institute of
Kyiv National Economic University and Department of the
National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine.
Other institutions include the local Department of Dnepropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, campuses of
Zaporizhzhya National University
Zaporizhzhya National University (ZNU) is a State-sponsored university in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. Its full name is "Zaporizhzhya National University of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Ukraine."
On August 11, 1930, Sovnarkom Ukr ...
,
National University Odesa Law Academy
National University "Odesa Law Academy" ( uk, Національний університет «Одеська юридична академія») is a higher educational institution in Odesa, Ukraine. The university was founded in 1997 on the ...
and
Interregional Academy of Personnel Management
Interregional Academy of Personnel Management ( uk, Міжрегіональна Академія управління персоналом (МАУП), translit.: ''Mizhrehional'na Akademiya upravlinnya personalom'', English acronym: MAUP) is a pr ...
, college of
National Aviation University
National Aviation University (NAU; uk, Національний авіаційний університет) is a university located in Kyiv, Ukraine. It started in 1933 when the Kyiv Aviation Institute was founded on the basis of the mechanical ...
.
In 2014 Donetsk Tugan-Baranovsky National University of Economics and Trade was evacuated to Kryvyi Rih after a start of the
Russo-Ukrainian War
The Russo-Ukrainian War; uk, російсько-українська війна, rosiisko-ukrainska viina. has been ongoing between Russia (alongside Russian separatist forces in Donbas, Russian separatists in Ukraine) and Ukraine since Feb ...
. Its future is uncertain.
According to
Frances Cairncross
Dame Frances Anne Cairncross, (born 30 August 1944 in Otley, England) is a British economist, journalist and academic. She is a senior fellow at the School of Public Policy, UCLA.
She formerly chaired the executive committee of the Institute f ...
(in April 2010) "There are too many small universities, the majority of which are ineffectively governed and mired in
corruption
Corruption is a form of dishonesty or a criminal offense which is undertaken by a person or an organization which is entrusted in a position of authority, in order to acquire illicit benefits or abuse power for one's personal gain. Corruption m ...
. They are not able to withstand existing global challenges." According to
Anders Åslund
Per Anders Åslund (; born 17 February 1952) is a Sweden, Swedish economist and former Senior Fellow at the Atlantic Council. He is also a chairman of the International Advisory Council at the Center for Social and Economic Research (CASE).
His ...
(in October 2012) the quality of doctoral education is bad, particularly in management training, economics, law and languages.
[Outdated educational system translates into lagging economy](_blank)
Kyiv Post
The ''Kyiv Post'' is the oldest English-language newspaper in Ukraine, founded in October 1995 by Jed Sunden.
History
American Jed Sunden founded the ''Kyiv Post'' weekly newspaper on Oct. 18, 1995 and later created KP Media for his holdings. ...
(4 October 2012) He also signaled that the greatest problem in the Ukrainian education system is corruption.
There are 149 general secondary schools and 150 nursery schools and kindergartens in Kryvyi Rih.
Additionally, there are evening schools for adults, musical, art, sports and specialist technical schools.
Landmarks
Kryvyi Rih's buildings display a variety of architectural styles, ranging from
eclecticism
Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories in ...
to
contemporary architecture. The widespread use of red brick and block apartments characterize the city. Much of the architecture in the city was built during its prosperous days as a center for the ore trade. Just outside the immediate city center is a large number of former factories. Some have been totally destroyed; others are in desperate need of restoration.
Stalinist architecture
Stalinist architecture, mostly known in the former Eastern Bloc as Stalinist style () or Socialist Classicism, is the architecture of the Soviet Union under the leadership of Joseph Stalin, between 1933 (when Boris Iofan's draft for the Palace ...
was the predominant style of postwar apartments, of 5 to 7 stories. City Hall is the best example of
The decree On liquidation of excesses.
Khrushchyovka
''Khrushchyovka'' ( rus, Хрущёвка, Khrushchyovka, p=xrʊˈɕːɵfkə) or (a derogatory nickname) ''Khrushchoba'' ( rus, Хрущоба, Hrushchoba, t=Khru-slum) is an unofficial name for a type of low-cost, concrete- paneled or brick ...
is a type of low-cost, concrete-paneled or brick three- to five-storied apartment building which was developed in the USSR during the early 1960s. It was named after
Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and chairman of the country's Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. During his rule, Khrushchev s ...
, then premier of the Soviet government. Dozens of these aging buildings around the city are now past their design lifetime. There are six
microdistrict
Microdistrict, or microraion (russian: микрорайо́н, ''mikrorajón''), is a residential complex—a primary structural element of the residential area construction in the Soviet Union and in some post-Soviet and former Socialist st ...
s.
The city has many
Christian churches, the most notable being the Savior Transfiguration Cathedral of the Ukrainian Orthodox church. It is the base of the
Kryvyi Rih Eparchy, which was established on July 27, 1996. A Roman Catholic chapel located in old town, Pokrova church, Mykhailivska church and Christmas church were destroyed in the 1930s during the
Great Purge
The Great Purge or the Great Terror (russian: Большой террор), also known as the Year of '37 (russian: 37-й год, translit=Tridtsat sedmoi god, label=none) and the Yezhovshchina ('period of Nikolay Yezhov, Yezhov'), was General ...
, never to be used as a church again.
In Kryvyi Rih, the
Jewish community built a new, large synagogue, that opened in 2010.
Large parks hold many of Kryvyi Rih's public monuments. There are numerous
socialist realism
Socialist realism is a style of idealized realistic art that was developed in the Soviet Union and was the official style in that country between 1932 and 1988, as well as in other socialist countries after World War II. Socialist realism is ch ...
-style monuments installed in the Soviet years to honor Cossacks,
Olexander Paul
Alexander Nikolayevich Pol (russian: Александр Николаевич Поль; 20 August 1832 – 26 July 1890) was a Russian archaeologist, geologist, ethnographer and businessman of Baltic German descent. He is most well-known for disco ...
,
Taras Shevchenko
Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko ( uk, Тарас Григорович Шевченко , pronounced without the middle name; – ), also known as Kobzar Taras, or simply Kobzar (a kobzar is a bard in Ukrainian culture), was a Ukraine, Ukrainian p ...
(2),
Bohdan Khmelnytsky
Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmelnytskyi ( Ruthenian: Ѕѣнові Богданъ Хмелнiцкiи; modern ua, Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький; 6 August 1657) was a Ukrainian military commander and ...
(3, since 1954),
Vasili Marguelov,
Alexander Pushkin
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (; rus, links=no, Александр Сергеевич ПушкинIn pre-Revolutionary script, his name was written ., r=Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin, p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr sʲɪrˈɡʲe(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ ˈpuʂkʲɪn, ...
,
Fyodor Sergeyev
Fyodor Andreyevich Sergeyev (, ; March 19, 1883 – July 24, 1921), better known as Comrade Artyom (), was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician, agitator, and journalist. He was a close friend of Sergei Kirov and Joseph Stali ...
,
Mikhail Lermontov
Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov (; russian: Михаи́л Ю́рьевич Ле́рмонтов, p=mʲɪxɐˈil ˈjurʲjɪvʲɪtɕ ˈlʲɛrməntəf; – ) was a Russian Romantic writer, poet and painter, sometimes called "the poet of the Caucas ...
, and
Maxim Gorky
Alexei Maximovich Peshkov (russian: link=no, Алексе́й Макси́мович Пешко́в; – 18 June 1936), popularly known as Maxim Gorky (russian: Макси́м Го́рький, link=no), was a Russian writer and social ...
. The few
Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...
monuments were destroyed during
euromaidan
Euromaidan (; uk, Євромайдан, translit=Yevromaidan, lit=Euro Square, ), or the Maidan Uprising, was a wave of Political demonstration, demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine, which began on 21 November 2013 with large protes ...
events in 2014. Dozens of
cenotaphs and memorials to
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
soldiers were erected. A
Sukhoi Su-15
The Sukhoi Su-15 (NATO reporting name: Flagon) is a twinjet supersonic interceptor aircraft developed by the Soviet Union. It entered service in 1965 and remained one of the front-line designs into the 1990s. The Su-15 was designed to replace t ...
is on display near the Aviator Club,
Yakovlev Yak-40 at
National Aviation University
National Aviation University (NAU; uk, Національний авіаційний університет) is a university located in Kyiv, Ukraine. It started in 1933 when the Kyiv Aviation Institute was founded on the basis of the mechanical ...
, Vyzvolennia Square holds a
IS3
The IS-3 (also known as Object 703) is a Soviet heavy tank developed in late 1944. Its semi-hemispherical cast turret (resembling that of an upturned soup bowl), became the hallmark of post-war Soviet tanks. Its pike nose design would also be ...
tank, and a
Russian locomotive class Ye is placed near the
Railway station
Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a pre ...
.
file:Криворізький ботанічний сад - Японский мотив.JPG, Kryvyi Rih Botanical Gardens of NAS
Nas (born 1973) is the stage name of American rapper Nasir Jones.
Nas, NaS, or NAS may also refer to:
Aviation
* Nasair, a low-cost airline carrier and subsidiary based in Eritrea
* National Air Services, an airline in Saudi Arabia
** Nas Air ( ...
file:Ночью у Театра.jpg, Shevchenko Theatre
file:Арт-Майдан у городского театра.jpg, Central Art Square
file:Зима. Сквер Пушкина.jpg, Pushkin park in snow
Kryvyi Rih has few designated
natural monuments: the old
pear
Pears are fruits produced and consumed around the world, growing on a tree and harvested in the Northern Hemisphere in late summer into October. The pear tree and shrub are a species of genus ''Pyrus'' , in the family Rosaceae, bearing the p ...
near Karnavatka, another
pear
Pears are fruits produced and consumed around the world, growing on a tree and harvested in the Northern Hemisphere in late summer into October. The pear tree and shrub are a species of genus ''Pyrus'' , in the family Rosaceae, bearing the p ...
of 1789, Vizyrka landscape reserve, Northern and Southern Red Beam, Amphibolite, Arkose and Skelevatski Outputs, Mopr Rocks, Slate rocks, Sandstone rock. A park named after the newspaper
Pravda
''Pravda'' ( rus, Правда, p=ˈpravdə, a=Ru-правда.ogg, "Truth") is a Russian broadsheet newspaper, and was the official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, when it was one of the most influential papers in the co ...
is very famous for its
ampir boat station. Kryvyi Rih Botanical Gardens of the
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU; uk, Національна академія наук України, ''Natsional’na akademiya nauk Ukrayiny'', abbr: NAN Ukraine) is a self-governing state-funded organization in Ukraine th ...
(NAS) was established in 1980.
Sport
FC Hirnyk Kryvyi Rih is a
football
Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly c ...
club based in Hirnyk Stadium, and currently competes in the
Ukrainian First League
The Persha Liha ( uk, Перша ліга) or Ukrainian First League is a professional football league in Ukraine and the second tier of national football competitions pyramid. Members of the league also participate in the Ukrainian Cup. It is th ...
. It is part of the Sports Club Hirnyk which combines several other sections. The club's owner is the Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Combine (KZRK), the biggest subterranean mining public company in Ukraine.
Kryvyi Rih was also home to another football team,
Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih
Football Club Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih () was a professional Ukrainian football club based in Kryvyi Rih.
Until 2013 the club participated in professional competitions. In June 2013 the club went bankrupt and was expelled from the Ukrainian Premier ...
. The team was founded as FC Kryvyi Rih in 1959. The next year it was part of the republican sports society Avanhard. After a couple of years, it changed to Hirnyk, before obtaining current its name in 1966. Kryvbas debuted in the
Ukrainian Premier League in the
1992–93 season. They had been in the top league since their debut, with their best finish in third place in the 1998–99 and 1999–2000 seasons.
At the end of the
2012–13 season the team finished in 7th place. Due to financial difficulties the club declared itself bankrupt in June 2013.
FC Kryvbas-2 Kryvyi Rih was the reserve team of Kryvbas. In 1998 the club entered into the professional leagues to compete in the
Second League. In 3 seasons the club moved to the Amateur Level before competing one last time in
Second League.
SC Kryvbas
BC Kryvbas ( uk, Спортивний клуб Кривбас), is a professional basketball club based in Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine.
Achievements of the team were winning the Ukrainian Basketball League in 2009, and winning the Higher League in 2003 ...
is a professional basketball club. Achievements of the team are winning the Ukrainian Basketball League in 2009 and winning the Higher League in 2003 and 2004. Since 2010 the team is active in the
Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague
The Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague (USL) ( uk, Українська баскетбольна суперліга) is the first-tier level of professional basketball league in Ukraine. Established in 1992, the league is currently contested by 10 c ...
.
The city is famous for its annual autorally. It was also the birthplace of the Ukrainian tennis players
Valeria Bondarenko
Valeria Volodymyrivna Bondarenko ( Ukrainian: Валерія Володимирівна Бондаренко; born 20 June 1982) is a former Ukrainian tennis player, the older sister of tennis players Alona and Kateryna Bondarenko.
In her car ...
,
Alona Bondarenko and
Kateryna Bondarenko
Kateryna Volodymyrivna Volodko (née Bondarenko; uk, Катерина Володимирівна Бондаренко; born 8 August 1986) is a tennis player from Ukraine. She was the doubles champion in 2008 at the Australian Open, partnering ...
.
Geography
![Kryvyi rih roads and signs](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Kryvyi_rih_roads_and_signs.jpg)
Located south of
Kyiv
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
, the city is often claimed to be the longest in Europe, it is said up to 100 km
or even
from north to south. While the city is strikingly elongated on a map, in reality the greatest distance between two points within city limits is 66.1 km. The longer figures result from drawing a line precisely following the heavily indented city limits from north to south. Also, the city area is not contiguous, as part of the
Inhulets District is an exclave to the city proper. There isn't a continuous built up area along the full length of the city. Kryvyi Rih's shape is influenced by the
ore
Ore is natural rock or sediment that contains one or more valuable minerals, typically containing metals, that can be mined, treated and sold at a profit.Encyclopædia Britannica. "Ore". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 7 April 2 ...
deposits which lie parallel to it and which have been the city's mainstay. The city centre is on the east bank of the
Inhulets River, near its confluences with the River
Saksahan
The Saksahan is a river in Ukraine, in the southeastern part of the Dnieper Upland. It is a left tributary of the Inhulets (Dnieper basin), joining the Inhulets in the city of Kryvyi Rih.
The name is derived, according to some sources, from the T ...
.
The city is set in the rolling steppe land surrounded by fields of sunflowers and grain. A short distance east of the city center, there is an area along a small lake where glacial boulders were deposited. As a result, this area was never cultivated and contains one of the few remaining patches of wild
steppe
In physical geography, a steppe () is an ecoregion characterized by grassland plains without trees apart from those near rivers and lakes.
Steppe biomes may include:
* the montane grasslands and shrublands biome
* the temperate grasslands, ...
vegetation in the area. The city's
environmental
A biophysical environment is a biotic and abiotic surrounding of an organism or population, and consequently includes the factors that have an influence in their survival, development, and evolution. A biophysical environment can vary in scale f ...
and
construction
Construction is a general term meaning the art and science to form objects, systems, or organizations,"Construction" def. 1.a. 1.b. and 1.c. ''Oxford English Dictionary'' Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) Oxford University Press 2009 and com ...
safety
Safety is the state of being "safe", the condition of being protected from harm or other danger. Safety can also refer to risk management, the control of recognized hazards in order to achieve an acceptable level of risk.
Meanings
There are ...
is a growing problem due to abandoned
mines and
polluted
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or energy (such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or light). Pollutants, the ...
ore-processing
waste
Waste (or wastes) are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any substance discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use. A by-product, by contrast is a joint product of relatively minor economic value. A waste prod ...
.
Climate
Kryvyi Rih experiences a dry warm
hot-summer continental climate (''Dfa'') according to the Köppen climate classification system, like much of southern Ukraine. This tends to generate warm summers and cold winters with relatively low precipitation. Snowfalls are not common in the city, due to the urban warming effect. However, districts that surround the city receive more snow and roads leading out of the city can be closed due to snow.
Demographics
Historically, the population of Kryvyi Rih began to increase rapidly during the
Interwar period
In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days), the end of the World War I, First World War to the beginning of the World War II, Second World War. The in ...
, peaking at 197,000 in 1939.
From then the population began to decrease rapidly. Foreign workers arrived, and there was increased building of social housing estates by the Kryvyi Rih City Council after the Second World War, such as Sotshorod and Sonyachny.
The 2014 estimate for the population of Kryvyi Rih was 654,900 (8th in Ukraine). This was a decrease of 4,348 since the 2013 estimate. Since 2001, the population has grown by 48,001. In 2013, deaths exceeded births by 3,589. The
net migration rate is 234 (negative).
According to the
UNHCR
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a United Nations agency mandated to aid and protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities, and stateless people, and to assist in their voluntary repatriation, local integrati ...
and City Council, 7,000 people have fled to Kryvyi Rih from
Donetsk
Donetsk ( , ; uk, Донецьк, translit=Donets'k ; russian: Донецк ), formerly known as Aleksandrovka, Yuzivka (or Hughesovka), Stalin and Stalino (see also: Names of European cities in different languages (C–D), cities' alternat ...
and
Luhansk since the beginning of the
Russo-Ukrainian War
The Russo-Ukrainian War; uk, російсько-українська війна, rosiisko-ukrainska viina. has been ongoing between Russia (alongside Russian separatist forces in Donbas, Russian separatists in Ukraine) and Ukraine since Feb ...
in 2014, not including those who did not register as asylum seekers.
Kryvyi Rih historically had a Christian majority-population. It has numerous churches, particularly in the city centre. The well-known Saviour Transfiguration Cathedral in Saksahan Raion is an
Orthodox
Orthodox, Orthodoxy, or Orthodoxism may refer to:
Religion
* Orthodoxy, adherence to accepted norms, more specifically adherence to creeds, especially within Christianity and Judaism, but also less commonly in non-Abrahamic religions like Neo-pag ...
administrative centre, and the bishop of the
Kryvyi Rih Eparchy has his main residence here. The town has a school of
icon painting
An icon () is a religious work of art, most commonly a painting, in the cultures of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Catholic churches. They are not simply artworks; "an icon is a sacred image used in religious devotion". The most ...
. The patron saint of the city is
Saint Nicholas
Saint Nicholas of Myra, ; la, Sanctus Nicolaus (traditionally 15 March 270 – 6 December 343), also known as Nicholas of Bari, was an early Christian bishop of Greeks, Greek descent from the maritime city of Myra in Asia Minor (; modern-da ...
, as well as bishops Onufry and Porphyry.
This was long a centre of Jewish population. Its Central Synagogue was the tallest building in town in the late 19th century. The majority of the region's Jews live here, and a significant Jewish community has been re-established. Beis Shtern Shtulman Synagogue opened in 2010 in the city centre. In the early twentieth century, the city had two synagogues, located on Kaunas street. As part of the
Roman Catholic Diocese of Kharkiv-Zaporizhia
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Kharkiv-Zaporizhzhia ( la, Dioecesis Kharkiviensis-Zaporizhiensis) is a diocese of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church in Ukraine. Pavlo Honcharuk is the current bishop of the diocese. The diocesan seat is the ...
, the city has the Kostel of Mary Mother of Jesus. Kryvyi Rih is also home to Evangelical Christians, CEF, and
Vedas
upright=1.2, The Vedas are ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism. Above: A page from the '' Atharvaveda''.
The Vedas (, , ) are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the ...
communities.
In terms of ethnic composition, there are no official statistics. Jews have made up the single largest
ethnic minority
The term 'minority group' has different usages depending on the context. According to its common usage, a minority group can simply be understood in terms of demographic sizes within a population: i.e. a group in society with the least number o ...
. Today they number 15,000, followed by
Russians
, native_name_lang = ru
, image =
, caption =
, population =
, popplace =
118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 ''Winkler Prins'' estimate)
, region1 =
, pop1 ...
and
Armenians
Armenians ( hy, հայեր, ''hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diaspora ...
.
Large immigrant groups include people from
Korea
Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...
,
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
,
Moldova
Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The List of states ...
and
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...
, as well as
Assyrians and
Roms. Numerous
African
African or Africans may refer to:
* Anything from or pertaining to the continent of Africa:
** People who are native to Africa, descendants of natives of Africa, or individuals who trace their ancestry to indigenous inhabitants of Africa
*** Ethn ...
students come to the city to attend local universities. Central city and Dovhuntsevskyi Raion are centres of population for ethnic minorities.
The
Kryvyi Rih Metropolitan Region
The Kryvyi Rih Metropolitan Region, or Kryvbas, is an urban area in central Ukraine (by the most part). With a population of one million, it is one of the largest urban regions in Ukraine. It consists of a couple big industrial cities and some sm ...
(KMR) had a population over 1,010,000 in 2010. In addition to Kryvyi Rih, the KMR (factually) includes far more than five
raions
A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is com ...
, and numerous territories in central and southern parts of Ukraine. The KMR is the sixth-largest within Ukraine.
Economy
In 2020 Kryvyi Rih's share in
Ukraine's national GDP was estimated to be about 7%.
Segodnya
''Segodnya'' ( rus, Сегодня, p=sʲɪˈvodʲnʲə, t=Today, a=Ru-сегодня.ogg) was a Russian-language Ukrainian tabloid newspaper founded in 1997. While run from Kyiv, it was linked to Donbass political and business groups; its hold ...
(4 October 2020) In mid-2014 Kryvyi Rih had an
IPI of ₴41.6bn
(about $3bn
) with 17.9% growth. Export reached $2.520m (4.9% decrease), Import - $276m. City got $4.899m of foreign
Investment
Investment is the dedication of money to purchase of an asset to attain an increase in value over a period of time. Investment requires a sacrifice of some present asset, such as time, money, or effort.
In finance, the purpose of investing i ...
, mainly from
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
,
Cyprus
Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is geo ...
,
Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
, and the
UK.
Average wage
The national average salary (or national average wage) is the average, mean salary for the working population of a nation. It is calculated by summation, summing all the annual salaries of all persons in work and Division (mathematics), dividing th ...
in September 2021 was ₴10.258 ($384). Official unemployment throughout 2018 averaged 0.95%.
Processing and
mining industry
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposit. The exploitation of these deposits for raw material is based on the economic via ...
- the two largest sectors of Kryvyi Rih. Rest fraction is about 50%. City has over 53 plants, mines and factories.
ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih
ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih (former Kryvorizhstal ( uk, Криворіжсталь) is Ukraine's largest integrated steel company, founded in 1934 and located in Kryvyi Rih, in central Ukraine.
Bought in 2005 by Mittal Steel, the steel plant is on ...
, owned by
ArcelorMittal
ArcelorMittal S.A. is a Luxembourgian multinational steel manufacturing corporation headquartered in Luxembourg City. It was formed in 2006 from the takeover and merger of Arcelor by Indian-owned Mittal Steel. ArcelorMittal is the second larg ...
since 2005 is the largest private company by revenue in Ukraine, producing over 7 million tonnes of crude steel, and mined over 17 million tonnes of iron ore. As of 2011, the company employed about 37 000 people. 4 Iron Ore Enrichment Works of
Metinvest are a large contributors to the UA's
balance of payments
In international economics, the balance of payments (also known as balance of international payments and abbreviated BOP or BoP) of a country is the difference between all money flowing into the country in a particular period of time (e.g., a ...
. Another giants of city are
Evraz
EVRAZ plc (russian: Евраз) is a UK-incorporated multinational steel manufacturing and mining company part-owned by Russian oligarchs. It has operations mainly in Russia as well as the USA, Canada, and Kazakhstan. As of 2015, the ultimate be ...
mining company and
HeidelbergCement.
Transport
Local public transportation in Kryvyi Rih includes the
Metrotram (subway),
buses
and
minibus lines,
trolleybuses
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or troll ...
(in operation since 1957, the system presently comprises 23 routes),
trams (one of the world's largest tram networks, operating on of total route; as of 2014, it was composed of 13 lines) and,
taxi
A taxi, also known as a taxicab or simply a cab, is a type of vehicle for hire with a driver, used by a single passenger or small group of passengers, often for a non-shared ride. A taxicab conveys passengers between locations of their choice ...
.
The publicly owned and operated Kryvyi Rih Metrotram is the fastest, the most convenient and affordable network that covers most, but not all, of the city. The Metrotram is continuously expanding towards the city limits to meet growing demand, currently has two lines with a total length of and 11 stations. Despite its designation as a "
metro
Metro, short for metropolitan, may refer to:
Geography
* Metro (city), a city in Indonesia
* A metropolitan area, the populated region including and surrounding an urban center
Public transport
* Rapid transit, a passenger railway in an urba ...
tram
A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are ...
" and its use of
tram car
A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are ...
s as rolling stock, the Kryvyi Rih Metrotram is a complete
rapid transit system with enclosed stations and tracks separated both from roads and from the city's conventional tram lines.
City public transport serviced 66m persons in the first part of 2014.
Kryvyi Rih.jpg, Quarter 95
Metrotram_car.jpg, Kryvyi Rih Metrotram
The Kryvyi Rih Metrotram or the Kryvyi Rih Metro ''( uk, Криворізьке метро)'' is a partially underground rapid transit Rapid transit, metro system that serves the city of Kryvyi Rih, the seventh-largest city in Ukraine.
Despite i ...
Kryvyi Rih - Prospekt Metalurhiv.jpg, Prospekt Metalurhiv station of the Kryvyi Rih Metrotram was opened in 1989
LAZ trolleybus at the station Krivoy Rog-Chief.jpg, Trolleybuses in Kryvyi Rih
The Kryvyi Rih trolleybus system forms part of the public transport network serving Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine.
History
In operation since 1957, the system presently comprises 23 routes, and is managed by the Kryvyi Rih City Council. It uses a fleet of ...
Electric train at station Krivoy Rog-Chief.jpg, Commuter rail
Commuter rail, or suburban rail, is a passenger rail transport service that primarily operates within a metropolitan area, connecting commuters to a central city from adjacent suburbs or commuter towns. Generally commuter rail systems are con ...
train at the Kryvyi Rih Main Station
Kryvyi Rih-Main railway station ( uk, Кривий Ріг-Головний, Kryvyi Rih-Holovnyi) in Ukraine is a main passenger railway station of the Cisdnieper Railways. It is located in Kryvyi Rih, the seventh most populous city of Ukraine
...
. The city's railroads have a long history.
On 1 May 2021 Kryvyi Rih became the first city in Ukraine to introduce free travel in public transport for its citizens.
In order not to pay for municipal transport one must show a special electronic "Kryvyi Rih Card".
[Free, but unpleasant. In Kryvyi Rih, the fare in transport, which needs urgent modernization, is being abolished]
The Ukrainian Week
''The Ukrainian Week'' ( uk, Український Тиждень, translit=Ukrainskyi Tyzhden) is an illustrated weekly magazine covering politics, economics and the arts and aimed at the socially engaged Ukrainian-language reader. It provides ...
(21 April 2021)
The historic
tram system
A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are ...
,
once a well maintained and widely used method of transport, is now gradually being phased out in favor of buses and trolleybuses.
The
taxi
A taxi, also known as a taxicab or simply a cab, is a type of vehicle for hire with a driver, used by a single passenger or small group of passengers, often for a non-shared ride. A taxicab conveys passengers between locations of their choice ...
market is expansive but not regulated. In particular, the taxi fare per kilometer is not regulated. There is a fierce competition between private taxi companies.
Kryvyi Rih International Airport
Kryvyi Rih/Lozuvatka International Airport ( ua, Міжнародний аеропорт Кривий Ріг (Лозуватка)) is an airport near Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine. It is located 4.2 km (2.6 miles) west of the Lozuvatka rural commun ...
is the airport that serves the city. It is located 17.5 km (10.9 Miles) northwest of the city of Kryvyi Rih.
Notable people
![Helena Makowska](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Helena_Makowska.jpg)
*
Aliona Babak
Aliona Valeriyivna Babak ( uk, Альона Валеріївна Бабак, born September 27, 1969) is a Ukrainian politician who was appointed in August 2019 as Minister of Regional Development. (born 1969) a Ukrainian politician, former Minister of
Regional Development
*
Ivan Bakanov (born 1975) politician,
Head of the Security Service of Ukraine
The Head of the Security Service of Ukraine ( uk, Голова Служби безпеки України) serves as the director of the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU), the internal security agency of the Ukrainian government. The head of the Se ...
from 2019 to 2022
*
Brunettes Shoot Blondes
Brunettes Shoot Blondes is a Ukrainian indie rock band, founded in early 2010 and based out of Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine. The band released 2 mini-albums and 7 singles.
The group gained international recognition in September 2014 for an animated music ...
(formed 2010) a Ukrainian
indie rock
Indie rock is a Music subgenre, subgenre of rock music that originated in the United States, United Kingdom and New Zealand from the 1970s to the 1980s. Originally used to describe independent record labels, the term became associated with the mu ...
band
*
Olga Dibrova
Olga Oleksandrivna Dibrova ( uk, Ольга Олександрівна Діброва; born 10 March 1977) is Ukraine's Ambassador to Finland.
Life
Dibrova was born in Kryvyi Rih on 10 March 1977. She had her university education at the Kyiv N ...
(born 1977) Ukraine's
Ambassador to Finland
*
Eduard Drach
Eduard Drach ( uk, Едуард Драч) born 1965 in Kryvyi Rih, in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union – in present-day Ukraine) is а prominent and influential composer, singer-songwriter, kobzar, and bandurist. ...
(born 1965) аn influential composer, singer-songwriter,
kobzar and
bandurist
A banduryst ( uk, бандури́ст) is a person who plays the Ukrainian plucked string instrument known as the bandura.
Types of performers
There are a number of different types of bandurist who differ in their particular choice of instrumen ...
*
Petro Dyminskyi (born 1954) a Ukrainian businessman, politician
*
EeOneGuy
Ivan Romanovych Rudskyi ( uk, Іва́н Рома́нович Рудськи́й; born January 19, 1996), known online as EeOneGuy, is a Ukrainian web-based videoblogger and musician, best known for his Let's Play commentaries, comedy videos and ...
(born 1996) a Ukrainian YouTuber,
Let's Play
A Let's Play (LP) is a video (or screenshots accompanied by text) documenting the playthrough of a video game, often including commentary and/or a camera view of the gamer's face. A Let's Play differs from a video game walkthrough or strateg ...
er
*
Andrey Filatov
Andrey Vasilievich Filatov (russian: Андре́й Васи́льевич Фила́тов; born 18 December 1971) is a Russian entrepreneur. Filatov is chairman of the Board of Directors of Tuloma investment company, and a co-owner of the Gl ...
(born 1971) a Russian entrepreneur and chess enthusiast
*
Eugenie Gershoy
Eugenie Gershoy (January 1, 1901 – May 8, 1986) was an American sculptor and watercolorist.
Life
Gershoy emigrated to New York City with her family in 1903.
Aided by scholarships, she studied at the Art Students League under Alexander Stirlin ...
(1901–1986) an American sculptor and watercolorist
*
Boris Glinka
Boris Borisovich Glinka (russian: Борис Борисович Глинка; 11 May 1967) was a Soviet flying ace during World War II with over 20 solo shootdowns. After being awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union
The title Hero of th ...
(1914–1967) &
Dmitry Glinka (1917–1979) brothers, WWII Soviet flying aces
*
Mari Kraimbrery
Marina Vadimovna Zhadan (russian: Мари́на Вади́мовна Жада́н, uk, Мари́на Вади́мівна Жада́н; born 21 August 1992), better known under the pseudonym Mari Kraimbrery (russian: Мари́ Кра́ймб ...
(born 1992) a Russian singer
*
Olena Kravets
Olena Yuriivna Kravets ( uk, Олена Юріївна Кравець, born 1 January 1977) is an actress, producer and television host from Ukraine.
Biography
Olena Maliashenko was born in Kryvyi Rih in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, she is the only da ...
(born 1977) an actress, producer and TV host
*
Pavlo Lazarenko
Pavlo Ivanovych Lazarenko ( uk, Павло Іванович Лазаренко; born 23 January 1953) is a Ukrainian former politician, convicted criminal, and international fugitive who served as Prime Minister of Ukraine from 1996 to 1997.
Bo ...
(born 1953)
Prime Minister of Ukraine in 1996–97
*
Helena Makowska
Helena Makowska ('' née'' Woynowiczówna, 2 March 1893 – 22 August 1964) was a Polish actress. She appeared in more than 60 films between 1911 and 1958.
Early life
Helena Makowska was born Helena Woynowiczówna on 2 March 1893 to Ludwik ...
(1893–1964) a Polish actress in over 60 films between 1911 and 1958
*
Vladimir Malakhov (born 1968) a ballet dancer and artistic director of the
Berlin State Ballet from 2004 to 2014
*
Serhii Nykyforov (born 1986) press secretary of the office of the Ukrainian president
*
Zlata Ognevich (born 1986) a Ukrainian singer,
Eurovision 2013
The Eurovision Song Contest 2013 was the 58th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Malmö, Sweden, following the country's victory at the with the song "Euphoria" by Loreen. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EB ...
contestant
*
Oleksandr Popov
Oleksandr Pavlovych Popov ( uk, Олександр Павлович Попов; born 22 November 1960) is a Ukrainian politician, businessman, former head of the Kyiv City State Administration.
Biography
He graduated Tyumen Civil Engineering I ...
(born 1960) a Ukrainian politician and businessman
*
Yuri Salko
Yuri Salko (russian: Ю́рий Ива́нович Салко́, born 1964) is a Ukrainian visual artist. He graduated from the Grekov Art College, Odesa, Ukraine in 1984 and Shevchenko Transnistria State University, Tiraspol, Transnistria i ...
(born 1964) Ukrainian visual artist, works in painting, graphics and sculpture
*
Serhiy Shefir
Serhiy Nakhmanovych Shefir ( uk, Сергій Нахманович Шефір; born 25 May 1964) is a Ukrainian politician and film director. He is the founder of Quarter-95 Studio. Since 25 May 2019 he is the First Assistant to the President of ...
(born 1964) Ukrainian politician, film director and Presidential assistant
*
Zoia Skoropadenko
Zoia Skoropadenko is a Ukrainian contemporary mixed-media artist, based in Monaco, known for her paintings, sculptures and sketching, and for being wrongfully suspected as a spy... She counts Michelangelo, Magritte, Corot, Matisse and Petrov Vo ...
(born 1978) a contemporary mixed-media artist, based in Monaco
*
Hennadiy Udovenko (1931–2013) politician and diplomat, Minister of
Foreign Affairs
''Foreign Affairs'' is an American magazine of international relations and U.S. foreign policy published by the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonprofit, nonpartisan, membership organization and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and ...
1994-1998
*
Oleksandr Vilkul
Oleksandr Yuriyovych Vilkul ( uk, Олексaндр Юрійович Вiлкул; born 24 May 1974), also known as Aleksandr Yuryevich Vilkul (russian: Александр Юрьевич Вилкул) is a Ukrainian businessman and politician wh ...
(born 1974) statesman, Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine, 2012-2014
*
Olena Zelenska
Olena Volodymyrivna Zelenska (;russian: Елена Владимировна Зеленская, , Elena Vladimirovna Zelenskaya, born 6 February 1978) is a Ukrainian architect and screenwriter who is the current First Lady of Ukraine as the ...
(born 1978) architect and screenwriter,
First Lady of Ukraine
First Lady of Ukraine ( or ) is the unofficial title attributed to the wife of the president of Ukraine.
List of first ladies of Ukraine
'' days''
,
, '' days'' ''()''
, -
!
,
, style="font-weight:bold" , Lyudmyla Kuchma
, Mechanical e ...
*
Volodymyr Zelenskyy
Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy, ; russian: Владимир Александрович Зеленский, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Zelenskyy, (born 25 January 1978; also transliterated as Zelensky or Zelenskiy) is a Ukrainian politicia ...
(born 1978) politician and former comedic actor; 6th and current
President of Ukraine
The president of Ukraine ( uk, Президент України, Prezydent Ukrainy) is the head of state of Ukraine. The president represents the nation in international relations, administers the foreign political activity of the state, condu ...
since 2019
Sport
![Bondarenko WM18 (8) (28995152267)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Bondarenko_WM18_%288%29_%2828995152267%29.jpg)
*
Daryna Apanashchenko (born 1986) a footballer with 128 caps for
Ukraine women
*
Alona Bondarenko (born 1984) a tennis player, doubles champion in
2008 Australian Open
The 2008 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 96th edition of the Australian Open, and the first Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Australia, from 14 throug ...
*
Kateryna Bondarenko
Kateryna Volodymyrivna Volodko (née Bondarenko; uk, Катерина Володимирівна Бондаренко; born 8 August 1986) is a tennis player from Ukraine. She was the doubles champion in 2008 at the Australian Open, partnering ...
(born 1986) a tennis player, doubles champion in
2008 Australian Open
The 2008 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 96th edition of the Australian Open, and the first Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Australia, from 14 throug ...
*
Valeria Bondarenko
Valeria Volodymyrivna Bondarenko ( Ukrainian: Валерія Володимирівна Бондаренко; born 20 June 1982) is a former Ukrainian tennis player, the older sister of tennis players Alona and Kateryna Bondarenko.
In her car ...
(born 1982) a tennis player, won 8 doubles titles on the
ITF Circuit
*
Sergey Fesenko Sr. (born 1959) 200m. swimmer, gold medallist at the
1980 Summer Olympics
The 1980 Summer Olympics (russian: Летние Олимпийские игры 1980, Letniye Olimpiyskiye igry 1980), officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad (russian: Игры XXII Олимпиады, Igry XXII Olimpiady) and commo ...
*
Sergei Makarenko
Sergei Lavrentyevich Makarenko (born 11 September 1937) is a retired Soviet sprint canoeist who competed from late 1950s to early 1960s. Together with Leonid Geishtor
Leonid Grigorievich Geishtor; also Geyshtor (russian: Леонид ...
(born 1937) a sprint canoeist and team gold medallist at the
1960 Summer Olympics
The 1960 Summer Olympics ( it, Giochi Olimpici estivi del 1960), officially known as the Games of the XVII Olympiad ( it, Giochi della XVII Olimpiade) and commonly known as Rome 1960 ( it, Roma 1960), were an international multi-sport event held ...
*
Vladimir Maslachenko
Vladimir Nikitovich Maslachenko (russian: Владимир Никитович Маслаченко; 5 March 1936 – 28 November 2010) was a Soviet footballer and football commentator. He was born in Vasylkivka, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, in the ...
(1936–2010) a Soviet footballer (
goalkeeper
In many team sports which involve scoring goals, the goalkeeper (sometimes termed goaltender, netminder, GK, goalie or keeper) is a designated player charged with directly preventing the opposing team from scoring by blocking or intercepting o ...
) and football commentator
*
Serhiy Palkin
Serhiy Anatoliiovych Palkin ( uk, Сергій Анатолійович Палкін; born 22 October 1974) is a Ukrainian football administrator, who works as the general director of FC Shakhtar Donetsk, Shakhtar Donetsk.
Career
Serhiy Pal ...
(born 1974) football functionary, general director of
FC Shakhtar Donetsk
Football Club Shakhtar Donetsk ( uk, Футбольний клуб «Шахтар» Донецьк , short nickname "miners") is a Ukrainian professional football club from the city of Donetsk. In 2014, due to the War in Donbass, the club was ...
Twin towns – sister cities
Kryvyi Rih is
twinned with:
*
Rustavi, Georgia
*
Handan
Handan is a prefecture-level city located in the southwest of Hebei province, China. The southernmost prefecture-level city of the province, it borders Xingtai on the north, and the provinces of Shanxi on the west, Henan on the south and Shando ...
, China
Friendly cities
*
Košice
Košice ( , ; german: Kaschau ; hu, Kassa ; pl, Коszyce) is the largest city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Hornád at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary. With a population of app ...
, Slovakia
*
Lublin
Lublin is the ninth-largest city in Poland and the second-largest city of historical Lesser Poland. It is the capital and the center of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 336,339 (December 2021). Lublin is the largest Polish city east of t ...
, Poland
*
Miskolc, Hungary
See also
*
List of people from Kryvyi Rih
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
* ''Криворожье. Справочник-путеводител''ь / Днепропетровск: Днепропетровское книжное издательство, 1963. — 162 с. (in Russian)
* ''Кривому Рогу — 200. Историко-экономический очерк'' / Редколлегия: П. Л. Варгатюк и др. — Днепропетровск: «Промінь», 1975. — 208 с. (in Russian)
* Новик Л. И. Кривой Рог: ''Путеводитель-справочни''к / Л. И. Новик, Д. И. Кан. — Днепропетровск: «Промiнь», 1986. — 191 с., цв. ил. (in Russian)
* Пахомов А. Г., ''Борьба трудящихся Криворожья за власть Советов'' / А. Г. Пахомов. — Днепропетровск: Днепропетровское областное издательство, 1958. — 204 с. (in Russian)
* ''Альбом Кривой Рог-Гданцевка''. 1899. (in German)
* ''Кривой Рог: Фотоальбом''. — Киев: «Мистецтво», 1971. — 137 с., цв. ил. (in Ukrainian)
* ''Кривий Ріг: Фотоальбом''. — Киев: «Мистецтво», 1976. — 146 с., цв. ил. (in Ukrainian)
* ''Кривий Ріг: Фотоальбом''. — Киев: «Мистецтво», 1983. — 143 с., цв. ил. (in Ukrainian)
* ''Кривий Ріг: Фотоальбом''. — Киев: «Мистецтво», 1989. — 144 с., цв. ил. (in Ukrainian)
* ''Кривий Ріг — моє місто'' / Тамара Трофанова. — Кривий Ріг: Видавничий дім, 2009. —
6с.: фотогр. — 3500 (1 завод-1000) экз. — . (in Ukrainian)
* ''Кривий Ріг: фотоальбом'' / редкол.: Г. П. Гончарук (ред.) и др.; фотогр. А. Соловьёв. — Д.: АРТ-ПРЕСС, 2010. — 152 с.: фотогр. — на укр. и англ. языках. — 2200 экз. — . Посвящён 235-летию Кривого Рога. (in Ukrainian)
* Рукавицын И. А. ''Привет из Кривого Рога'' / И. А. Рукавицын. — К.: Арт-Технология, 2014. — 104 с.: ил. (русский язык)
* ''Визначні місця України'' / Київ: Держполітвидав УРСР, 1961. — 787 с. (in Ukrainian)
* ''
Криворожский горнорудный институт. К 50-летию института'' / Коллектив авторов. — Издательство Львовского университета, 1972. — 184 с. (in Russian)
* Грушевой К. С. ''Тогда, в сорок первом…'' / К. С. Грушевой. — Москва, 1972. — 78 с. (in Russian)
* Мельник О. О., ''Криворіжжя: від визволення до перемоги. Хроніка подій з 22 лютого 1944 до 9 травня 1945 р'' / О. О. Мельник. — Кривий Ріг: Видавничий дім, 2004. — 56 с. (in Ukrainian)
* ''Советская историческая энциклопедия'' / Москва: «Советская энциклопедия», 1965. — Том 8, С. 150–151. (in Russian)
* ''
Украинская советская энциклопедия. Том 5'' (in Ukrainian), — С. 499–500. (in Russian)
* ''
История Городов и Сёл Украинской ССР (в 26 томах). Том Днепропетровская область'', — С. 285–323. (in Russian)
* Фокин Е. И. Х''роника рядового разведчика. Фронтовая разведка в годы Великой Отечественной войны. 1943—1945 гг.'' / Е. И. Фокин. — М.: ЗАО «Центрполиграф», 2006. — 285 с. — (На линии фронта. Правда о войне). Тираж 6 000 экз. . (in Russian)
* ''Географический энциклопедический словарь. Географические названия. Издание второе, дополненное'' / Гл. ред. А. Ф. Трёшников. — Москва: «Советская энциклопедия», 1989. (in Russian)
External links
Kryvyi Rih administration website
*
1kr City NewsGoogle Maps Satellite Image of Kryvyi RihTesting the mettle of Ukraine's steel cityfrom the
BBC World News
BBC World News is an international English-language pay television network, operated under the ''BBC Global News Limited'' division of the BBC, which is a public corporation of the UK government's Department for Digital, Culture, Media and S ...
The murder of the Jews of Kryvyi Rihduring
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, at
Yad Vashem
Yad Vashem ( he, יָד וַשֵׁם; literally, "a memorial and a name") is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust. It is dedicated to preserving the memory of the Jews who were murdered; honoring Jews who fought against th ...
website.
Attack on Kryvyi Rih on July 9th
{{Authority control
Populated places established in the 18th century
1775 establishments in Europe
Populated places established in the Russian Empire
18th-century establishments in Ukraine
Khersonsky Uyezd